/docs/development/index.md

---
stage: Verify
group: Runner
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---

# Development environment

## 1. Install dependencies and Go runtime

### For Debian/Ubuntu

```shell
sudo apt-get install -y mercurial git-core wget make build-essential
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.17.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go*-*.tar.gz
```

### For CentOS

```shell
sudo yum install mercurial wget make
sudo yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.17.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go*-*.tar.gz
```

### For macOS

Using binary package:

```shell
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.17.7.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go*-*.tar.gz
```

Using installation package:

```shell
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.17.7.darwin-amd64.pkg
open go*-*.pkg
```

### For FreeBSD

```shell
pkg install go-1.17.7 gmake git mercurial
```

## 2. Install Docker Engine

The Docker Engine is required to create pre-built image that is embedded into GitLab Runner and loaded when using Docker executor.

To install Docker, follow the Docker [installation
instructions](https://docs.docker.com/install/) for your OS.

Make sure you have a `binfmt_misc` on the machine that is running your Docker Engine.
This is required for building ARM images that are embedded into the GitLab Runner binary.

- For Debian/Ubuntu it's sufficient to execute:

  ```shell
  sudo apt-get install binfmt-support qemu-user-static
  ```

- For Docker for MacOS/Windows `binfmt_misc` is enabled by default.

- For CoreOS (but also works on Debian and Ubuntu) you need to execute the following script on system start:

  ```shell
  #!/bin/sh

  set -xe

  /sbin/modprobe binfmt_misc

  mount -t binfmt_misc binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc

  # Support for ARM binaries through Qemu:
  { echo ':arm:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register; } 2>/dev/null
  { echo ':armeb:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/bin/qemu-armeb-static:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register; } 2>/dev/null
  { echo ':aarch64:M::\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xb7\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static:CF' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register; } 2>/dev/null
  ```

## 3. Download GitLab Runner sources

```shell
go get gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner
```

## 4. Install GitLab Runner dependencies

After you clone GitLab Runner, `cd` into the `gitlab-runner` directory and download and restore all build dependencies:

```shell
git clone <gitlab-runner-uri>
cd gitlab-runner
make deps
```

**For FreeBSD use `gmake deps`**

## 5. Run GitLab Runner

Normally you would use `gitlab-runner`. In order to compile and run the Go sources, use the Go toolchain:

```shell
make runner-and-helper-bin-host
./out/binaries/gitlab-runner run
```

You can run GitLab Runner in debug-mode:

```shell
make runner-and-helper-bin-host
./out/binaries/gitlab-runner --debug run
```

`make runner-and-helper-bin-host` is a superset of `make runner-bin-host` which in addition
takes care of building the Runner Helper Docker archive dependencies.

### Building the Docker images

If you want to build the Docker images, run `make runner-and-helper-docker-host`, which will:

1. Build `gitlab-runner-helper` and create a helper Docker image from it.
1. Compile GitLab Runner for `linux/amd64`.
1. Build a DEB package for Runner. The official GitLab Runner images are based on Alpine and Ubuntu,
   and the Ubuntu image build uses the DEB package.
1. Build the Alpine and Ubuntu versions of the `gitlab/gitlab-runner` image.

## 6. Run test suite locally

GitLab Runner test suite consists of "core" tests and tests for executors.
Tests for executors require certain binaries to be installed on your local
machine. Some of these binaries cannot be installed on all operating
systems. If a binary is not installed tests requiring this binary will be
skipped.

These are the binaries that you can install:

1. [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads) and [Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads); the [Vagrant Parallels plugin](https://github.com/Parallels/vagrant-parallels) is also required
1. [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/) with
   [minikube](https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube)
1. [Parallels Pro or Business edition](https://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/)
1. [PowerShell](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/)

After installing the binaries run:

```shell
make development_setup
```

To execute the tests run:

```shell
make test
```

## 7. Run tests with helper image version of choice

If you are developing functionality inside a helper, you'll most likely want to run tests with
the version of the Docker image that contains the newest changes.

If you run tests without passing `-ldflags`, the default version in `version.go` is `development`.
This means that the runner defaults to pulling a [helper image](../configuration/advanced-configuration.md#helper-image)
with the `latest` tag.

### Make targets

`make` targets inject `-ldflags` automatically. You can run all tests by using:

```shell
make simple-test
```

`make` targets also inject `-ldflags` for `parallel_test_execute`, which is most commonly used by the CI/CD jobs.

### Custom `go test` arguments

In case you want a more customized `go test` command, you can use `print_ldflags` as `make` target:

```shell
go test -ldflags "$(make print_ldflags)" -run TestDockerCommandBuildCancel -v ./executors/docker/...
```

### In GoLand

Currently, GoLand doesn't support dynamic Go tool arguments, so you'll need to run `make print_ldflags` first
and then paste it in the configuration.

NOTE:
To use the debugger, make sure to remove the last two flags (`-s -w`).

### Helper image

Build the newest version of the helper image with:

```shell
make helper-dockerarchive-host
```

Then you'll have the image ready for use:

```shell
REPOSITORY                                                    TAG                      IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
gitlab/gitlab-runner-helper                                   x86_64-a6bc0800          f10d9b5bbb41        32 seconds ago      57.2MB
```

### Helper image with Kubernetes

If you are running a local Kubernetes cluster make sure to reuse the cluster's Docker daemon to build images.
For example, with minikube:

```shell
eval $(minikube docker-env)
```

## 8. Install optional tools

- Install `golangci-lint`, used for the `make lint` target.
- Install `markdown-lint` and `vale`, used for the `make lint-docs` target.

Installation instructions will pop up when running a Makefile target
if a tool is missing.

## 9. Contribute

You can start hacking `gitlab-runner` code.
If you need an IDE to edit and debug code, there are a few free suggestions you can use:

- [JetBrains GoLand IDE](https://www.jetbrains.com/go/).
- Visual Studio Code using the
  [workspace recommended extensions](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/extension-marketplace#_workspace-recommended-extensions),
  located in `.vscode/extensions.json`.

## Managing build dependencies

GitLab Runner uses [Go Modules](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules) to manage
its dependencies.

Don't add dependency from upstream default branch when version tags are available.

## Tests

The Runner codebase makes a distinction between [unit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing)
and [integration tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_testing) in the following way:

- Unit test files have a suffix of `_test.go` and contain the following build directive in the header:

    ```golang
    // +build !integration

    ```

- Integration test files have a suffix of `_integration_test.go` and contain the following build directive in the header:

    ```golang
    // +build integration

    ```

  They can be run by adding `-tags=integration` to the `go test` command.

To test the state of the build directives in test files, `make check_test_directives` can be used.

## Developing for Windows on a non-windows environment

We provide a [Vagrantfile](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/tree/main/Vagrantfile)
to help you run a Windows Server 2019 or Windows 10 instance, since we
are using [multiple machines](https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/multi-machine) inside of Vagrant.

The following are required:

- [Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com) installed.
- [Virtualbox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) installed.
- Around 30GB of free hard disk space on your computer.

Which virtual machine to use depends on your use case:

- The Windows Server machine has Docker pre-installed and should always
  be used when you are developing on GitLab Runner for Windows.
- The Windows 10 machine is there for you to have a windows environment
  with a GUI which sometimes can help you debugging some Windows
  features. Note that you cannot have Docker running inside of Windows
  10 because nested virtualization is not supported.

Running `vagrant up windows_10` will start the Windows 10 machine for
you. To:

- SSH inside of the Windows 10 machine, run `vagrant ssh windows_10`.
- Access the GUI for the Windows 10, you can connect via
  RDP by running `vagrant rdp windows_10`, which will connect to the
  machine using a locally installed RDP program.

For both machines, the GitLab Runner source code is synced
bi-directionally so that you can edit from your machine with your
favorite editor. The source code can be found under the `$GOROOT`
environment variable. We have a `RUNNER_SRC` environment variable which
you can use to find out the full path so when using PowerShell,
you can use `cd $Env:RUNNER_SRC`.

## Other resources

1. [Reviewing GitLab Runner merge requests](reviewing-gitlab-runner.md)
1. [Add support for new Windows Version](add-windows-version.md)
1. [Runner Group - Team Resources](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/development/ops/verify/runner/team-resources/#overview)