/coders/dds.c

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/*
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%                            DDDD   DDDD   SSSSS                              %
%                            D   D  D   D  SS                                 %
%                            D   D  D   D   SSS                               %
%                            D   D  D   D     SS                              %
%                            DDDD   DDDD   SSSSS                              %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%           Read/Write Microsoft Direct Draw Surface Image Format             %
%                                                                             %
%                              Software Design                                %
%                             Bianca van Schaik                               %
%                                March 2008                                   %
%                               Dirk Lemstra                                  %
%                              September 2013                                 %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%  Copyright 1999-2019 ImageMagick Studio LLC, a non-profit organization      %
%  dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available.           %
%                                                                             %
%  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You may  %
%  obtain a copy of the License at                                            %
%                                                                             %
%    https://imagemagick.org/script/license.php                               %
%                                                                             %
%  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software        %
%  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,          %
%  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.   %
%  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and        %
%  limitations under the License.                                             %
%                                                                             %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
*/

/*
  Include declarations.
*/
#include "MagickCore/studio.h"
#include "MagickCore/attribute.h"
#include "MagickCore/blob.h"
#include "MagickCore/blob-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/cache.h"
#include "MagickCore/colorspace.h"
#include "MagickCore/colorspace-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/exception.h"
#include "MagickCore/exception-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/image.h"
#include "MagickCore/image-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/list.h"
#include "MagickCore/log.h"
#include "MagickCore/magick.h"
#include "MagickCore/memory_.h"
#include "MagickCore/monitor.h"
#include "MagickCore/monitor-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/option.h"
#include "MagickCore/pixel-accessor.h"
#include "MagickCore/profile.h"
#include "MagickCore/quantum.h"
#include "MagickCore/quantum-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/resource_.h"
#include "MagickCore/static.h"
#include "MagickCore/string_.h"
#include "MagickCore/string-private.h"
#include "MagickCore/module.h"
#include "MagickCore/transform.h"

/*
  Definitions
*/
#define DDSD_CAPS         0x00000001
#define DDSD_HEIGHT       0x00000002
#define DDSD_WIDTH        0x00000004
#define DDSD_PITCH        0x00000008
#define DDSD_PIXELFORMAT  0x00001000
#define DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT  0x00020000
#define DDSD_LINEARSIZE   0x00080000
#define DDSD_DEPTH        0x00800000

#define DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS  0x00000001
#define DDPF_FOURCC       0x00000004
#define DDPF_RGB          0x00000040
#define DDPF_LUMINANCE    0x00020000

#define FOURCC_DXT1       0x31545844
#define FOURCC_DXT3       0x33545844
#define FOURCC_DXT5       0x35545844

#define DDSCAPS_COMPLEX   0x00000008
#define DDSCAPS_TEXTURE   0x00001000
#define DDSCAPS_MIPMAP    0x00400000

#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP  0x00000200
#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEX  0x00000400
#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEX  0x00000800
#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEY  0x00001000
#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEY  0x00002000
#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEZ  0x00004000
#define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEZ  0x00008000
#define DDSCAPS2_VOLUME   0x00200000

#ifndef SIZE_MAX
#define SIZE_MAX ((size_t) -1)
#endif

/*
  Structure declarations.
*/
typedef struct _DDSPixelFormat
{
  size_t
    flags,
    fourcc,
    rgb_bitcount,
    r_bitmask,
    g_bitmask,
    b_bitmask,
    alpha_bitmask;
} DDSPixelFormat;

typedef struct _DDSInfo
{
  size_t
    flags,
    height,
    width,
    pitchOrLinearSize,
    depth,
    mipmapcount,
    ddscaps1,
    ddscaps2;
  
  DDSPixelFormat
    pixelformat;
} DDSInfo;

typedef struct _DDSColors
{
  unsigned char
    r[4],
    g[4],
    b[4],
    a[4];
} DDSColors;

typedef struct _DDSVector4
{
  float
    x,
    y,
    z,
    w;
} DDSVector4;

typedef struct _DDSVector3
{
  float
    x,
    y,
    z;
} DDSVector3;

typedef struct _DDSSourceBlock
{
  unsigned char
    start,
    end,
    error;
} DDSSourceBlock;

typedef struct _DDSSingleColourLookup
{
  DDSSourceBlock sources[2];
} DDSSingleColourLookup;

typedef MagickBooleanType
  DDSDecoder(const ImageInfo *,Image *,DDSInfo *,const MagickBooleanType,
    ExceptionInfo *);

typedef MagickBooleanType
  DDSPixelDecoder(Image *,DDSInfo *,ExceptionInfo *);

static const DDSSingleColourLookup DDSLookup_5_4[] =
{
  { { { 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0 } } },
  { { { 0, 0, 1 }, { 0, 1, 1 } } },
  { { { 0, 0, 2 }, { 0, 1, 0 } } },
  { { { 0, 0, 3 }, { 0, 1, 1 } } },
  { { { 0, 0, 4 }, { 0, 2, 1 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 3 }, { 0, 2, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 2 }, { 0, 2, 1 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 3, 1 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 3, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 1, 2, 1 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 2 }, { 1, 2, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 3 }, { 0, 4, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 4 }, { 0, 5, 1 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 3 }, { 0, 5, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 2 }, { 0, 5, 1 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 0, 6, 1 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 0 }, { 0, 6, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 2, 3, 1 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 2 }, { 2, 3, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 3 }, { 0, 7, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 4 }, { 1, 6, 1 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 3 }, { 1, 6, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 2 }, { 0, 8, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 9, 1 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 0 }, { 0, 9, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 9, 1 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 2 }, { 0, 10, 1 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 3 }, { 0, 10, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 4 }, { 2, 7, 1 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 4 }, { 2, 7, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 3 }, { 0, 11, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 2 }, { 1, 10, 1 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 1, 10, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 0 }, { 0, 12, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 0, 13, 1 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 2 }, { 0, 13, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 3 }, { 0, 13, 1 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 4 }, { 0, 14, 1 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 3 }, { 0, 14, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 2 }, { 2, 11, 1 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 2, 11, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 0 }, { 0, 15, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 1, 14, 1 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 2 }, { 1, 14, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 3 }, { 0, 16, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 4 }, { 0, 17, 1 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 3 }, { 0, 17, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 2 }, { 0, 17, 1 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 0, 18, 1 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 0 }, { 0, 18, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 2, 15, 1 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 2 }, { 2, 15, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 3 }, { 0, 19, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 4 }, { 1, 18, 1 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 3 }, { 1, 18, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 2 }, { 0, 20, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 21, 1 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 0 }, { 0, 21, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 21, 1 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 2 }, { 0, 22, 1 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 3 }, { 0, 22, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 4 }, { 2, 19, 1 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 4 }, { 2, 19, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 3 }, { 0, 23, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 2 }, { 1, 22, 1 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 1, 22, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 0 }, { 0, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 0, 25, 1 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 2 }, { 0, 25, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 3 }, { 0, 25, 1 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 4 }, { 0, 26, 1 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 3 }, { 0, 26, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 2 }, { 2, 23, 1 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 2, 23, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 0 }, { 0, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 1, 26, 1 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 2 }, { 1, 26, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 3 }, { 0, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 4 }, { 0, 29, 1 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 3 }, { 0, 29, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 2 }, { 0, 29, 1 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 0, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 0 }, { 0, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 2, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 2 }, { 2, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 3 }, { 0, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 4 }, { 1, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 3 }, { 1, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 2 }, { 4, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 1, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 0 }, { 1, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 1, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 2 }, { 2, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 3 }, { 2, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 4 }, { 2, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 4 }, { 2, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 3 }, { 4, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 2 }, { 3, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 3, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 0 }, { 4, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 3, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 2 }, { 3, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 3 }, { 3, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 4 }, { 4, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 3 }, { 4, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 2 }, { 6, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 6, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 0 }, { 4, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 5, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 2 }, { 5, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 3 }, { 8, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 4 }, { 5, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 3 }, { 5, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 2 }, { 5, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 6, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 0 }, { 6, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 6, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 2 }, { 6, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 3 }, { 8, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 4 }, { 7, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 3 }, { 7, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 2 }, { 8, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 7, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 0 }, { 7, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 7, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 2 }, { 8, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 3 }, { 8, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 4 }, { 10, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 4 }, { 10, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 3 }, { 8, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 9, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 9, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 0 }, { 12, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 9, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 9, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 3 }, { 9, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 4 }, { 10, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 3 }, { 10, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 2 }, { 10, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 10, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 0 }, { 12, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 11, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 2 }, { 11, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 3 }, { 12, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 4 }, { 11, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 3 }, { 11, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 2 }, { 11, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 12, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 0 }, { 12, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 14, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 2 }, { 14, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 3 }, { 12, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 4 }, { 13, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 3 }, { 13, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 2 }, { 16, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 13, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 0 }, { 13, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 13, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 2 }, { 14, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 3 }, { 14, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 4 }, { 14, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 4 }, { 14, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 3 }, { 16, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 2 }, { 15, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 15, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 0 }, { 16, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 15, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 2 }, { 15, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 3 }, { 15, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 4 }, { 16, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 3 }, { 16, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 2 }, { 18, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 18, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 0 }, { 16, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 17, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 2 }, { 17, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 3 }, { 20, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 4 }, { 17, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 3 }, { 17, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 2 }, { 17, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 18, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 0 }, { 18, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 18, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 2 }, { 18, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 3 }, { 20, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 4 }, { 19, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 3 }, { 19, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 2 }, { 20, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 19, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 0 }, { 19, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 19, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 2 }, { 20, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 3 }, { 20, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 4 }, { 22, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 4 }, { 22, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 3 }, { 20, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 2 }, { 21, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 21, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 0 }, { 24, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 21, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 2 }, { 21, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 3 }, { 21, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 4 }, { 22, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 3 }, { 22, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 2 }, { 22, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 22, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 0 }, { 24, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 23, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 2 }, { 23, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 3 }, { 24, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 4 }, { 23, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 3 }, { 23, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 2 }, { 23, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 24, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 0 }, { 24, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 26, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 2 }, { 26, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 3 }, { 24, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 4 }, { 25, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 3 }, { 25, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 2 }, { 28, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 25, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 0 }, { 25, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 25, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 2 }, { 26, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 3 }, { 26, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 4 }, { 26, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 4 }, { 26, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 3 }, { 28, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 2 }, { 27, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 27, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 0 }, { 28, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 27, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 2 }, { 27, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 3 }, { 27, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 4 }, { 28, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 3 }, { 28, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 2 }, { 30, 27, 1 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 30, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 0 }, { 28, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 29, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 2 }, { 29, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 3 }, { 29, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 4 }, { 29, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 3 }, { 29, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 2 }, { 29, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 30, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 0 }, { 30, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 30, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 2 }, { 30, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 3 }, { 30, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 4 }, { 31, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 3 }, { 31, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 2 }, { 31, 30, 1 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 1 }, { 31, 31, 1 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 0 }, { 31, 31, 0 } } }
};

static const DDSSingleColourLookup DDSLookup_6_4[] =
{
  { { { 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0 } } },
  { { { 0, 0, 1 }, { 0, 1, 0 } } },
  { { { 0, 0, 2 }, { 0, 2, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 3, 1 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 3, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 4, 0 } } },
  { { { 1, 0, 2 }, { 0, 5, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 0, 6, 1 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 0 }, { 0, 6, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 0, 7, 0 } } },
  { { { 2, 0, 2 }, { 0, 8, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 9, 1 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 0 }, { 0, 9, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 10, 0 } } },
  { { { 3, 0, 2 }, { 0, 11, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 0, 12, 1 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 0 }, { 0, 12, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 0, 13, 0 } } },
  { { { 4, 0, 2 }, { 0, 14, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 0, 15, 1 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 0 }, { 0, 15, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 0, 16, 0 } } },
  { { { 5, 0, 2 }, { 1, 15, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 0, 17, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 0 }, { 0, 18, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 0, 19, 0 } } },
  { { { 6, 0, 2 }, { 3, 14, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 20, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 0 }, { 0, 21, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 22, 0 } } },
  { { { 7, 0, 2 }, { 4, 15, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 0, 23, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 0 }, { 0, 24, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 0, 25, 0 } } },
  { { { 8, 0, 2 }, { 6, 14, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 0, 26, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 0 }, { 0, 27, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 0, 28, 0 } } },
  { { { 9, 0, 2 }, { 7, 15, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 0, 29, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 0 }, { 0, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 0, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 10, 0, 2 }, { 9, 14, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 0, 32, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 0 }, { 0, 33, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 2, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 11, 0, 2 }, { 0, 34, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 0, 35, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 0 }, { 0, 36, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 3, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 12, 0, 2 }, { 0, 37, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 0, 38, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 0 }, { 0, 39, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 5, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 13, 0, 2 }, { 0, 40, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 0, 41, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 0 }, { 0, 42, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 6, 31, 0 } } },
  { { { 14, 0, 2 }, { 0, 43, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 0, 44, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 0 }, { 0, 45, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 8, 30, 0 } } },
  { { { 15, 0, 2 }, { 0, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 0, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 1, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 0 }, { 0, 48, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 0, 49, 0 } } },
  { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 0, 50, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 2, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 0 }, { 0, 51, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 0, 52, 0 } } },
  { { { 17, 0, 2 }, { 0, 53, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 4, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 0 }, { 0, 54, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 0, 55, 0 } } },
  { { { 18, 0, 2 }, { 0, 56, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 5, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 0 }, { 0, 57, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 0, 58, 0 } } },
  { { { 19, 0, 2 }, { 0, 59, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 7, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 0 }, { 0, 60, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 0, 61, 0 } } },
  { { { 20, 0, 2 }, { 0, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 8, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 0 }, { 0, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 1, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 21, 0, 2 }, { 1, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 10, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 0 }, { 2, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 2, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 22, 0, 2 }, { 3, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 11, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 0 }, { 3, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 4, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 23, 0, 2 }, { 4, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 13, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 0 }, { 5, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 5, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 24, 0, 2 }, { 6, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 14, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 0 }, { 6, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 7, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 25, 0, 2 }, { 7, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 16, 45, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 0 }, { 8, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 8, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 26, 0, 2 }, { 9, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 16, 48, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 0 }, { 9, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 10, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 27, 0, 2 }, { 10, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 16, 51, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 0 }, { 11, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 11, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 28, 0, 2 }, { 12, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 16, 54, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 0 }, { 12, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 13, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 29, 0, 2 }, { 13, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 16, 57, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 0 }, { 14, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 14, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 30, 0, 2 }, { 15, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 1 }, { 16, 60, 0 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 0 }, { 15, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 1 }, { 24, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 31, 0, 2 }, { 16, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 32, 0, 2 }, { 16, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 32, 0, 1 }, { 17, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 32, 0, 0 }, { 25, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 32, 0, 1 }, { 17, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 32, 0, 2 }, { 18, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 33, 0, 1 }, { 18, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 33, 0, 0 }, { 27, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 33, 0, 1 }, { 19, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 33, 0, 2 }, { 19, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 34, 0, 1 }, { 20, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 34, 0, 0 }, { 28, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 34, 0, 1 }, { 20, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 34, 0, 2 }, { 21, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 35, 0, 1 }, { 21, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 35, 0, 0 }, { 30, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 35, 0, 1 }, { 22, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 35, 0, 2 }, { 22, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 36, 0, 1 }, { 23, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 36, 0, 0 }, { 31, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 36, 0, 1 }, { 23, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 36, 0, 2 }, { 24, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 37, 0, 1 }, { 24, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 37, 0, 0 }, { 32, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 37, 0, 1 }, { 25, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 37, 0, 2 }, { 25, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 38, 0, 1 }, { 26, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 38, 0, 0 }, { 32, 50, 0 } } },
  { { { 38, 0, 1 }, { 26, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 38, 0, 2 }, { 27, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 39, 0, 1 }, { 27, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 39, 0, 0 }, { 32, 53, 0 } } },
  { { { 39, 0, 1 }, { 28, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 39, 0, 2 }, { 28, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 40, 0, 1 }, { 29, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 40, 0, 0 }, { 32, 56, 0 } } },
  { { { 40, 0, 1 }, { 29, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 40, 0, 2 }, { 30, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 41, 0, 1 }, { 30, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 41, 0, 0 }, { 32, 59, 0 } } },
  { { { 41, 0, 1 }, { 31, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 41, 0, 2 }, { 31, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 42, 0, 1 }, { 32, 61, 0 } } },
  { { { 42, 0, 0 }, { 32, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 42, 0, 1 }, { 32, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 42, 0, 2 }, { 41, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 43, 0, 1 }, { 33, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 43, 0, 0 }, { 33, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 43, 0, 1 }, { 34, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 43, 0, 2 }, { 42, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 44, 0, 1 }, { 34, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 44, 0, 0 }, { 35, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 44, 0, 1 }, { 35, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 44, 0, 2 }, { 44, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 45, 0, 1 }, { 36, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 45, 0, 0 }, { 36, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 45, 0, 1 }, { 37, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 45, 0, 2 }, { 45, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 46, 0, 1 }, { 37, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 46, 0, 0 }, { 38, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 46, 0, 1 }, { 38, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 46, 0, 2 }, { 47, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 47, 0, 1 }, { 39, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 47, 0, 0 }, { 39, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 47, 0, 1 }, { 40, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 47, 0, 2 }, { 48, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 48, 0, 2 }, { 40, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 48, 0, 1 }, { 41, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 48, 0, 0 }, { 41, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 48, 0, 1 }, { 48, 49, 0 } } },
  { { { 48, 0, 2 }, { 42, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 49, 0, 1 }, { 42, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 49, 0, 0 }, { 43, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 49, 0, 1 }, { 48, 52, 0 } } },
  { { { 49, 0, 2 }, { 43, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 50, 0, 1 }, { 44, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 50, 0, 0 }, { 44, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 50, 0, 1 }, { 48, 55, 0 } } },
  { { { 50, 0, 2 }, { 45, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 51, 0, 1 }, { 45, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 51, 0, 0 }, { 46, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 51, 0, 1 }, { 48, 58, 0 } } },
  { { { 51, 0, 2 }, { 46, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 52, 0, 1 }, { 47, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 52, 0, 0 }, { 47, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 52, 0, 1 }, { 48, 61, 0 } } },
  { { { 52, 0, 2 }, { 48, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 53, 0, 1 }, { 56, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 53, 0, 0 }, { 48, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 53, 0, 1 }, { 49, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 53, 0, 2 }, { 49, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 54, 0, 1 }, { 58, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 54, 0, 0 }, { 50, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 54, 0, 1 }, { 50, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 54, 0, 2 }, { 51, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 55, 0, 1 }, { 59, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 55, 0, 0 }, { 51, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 55, 0, 1 }, { 52, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 55, 0, 2 }, { 52, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 56, 0, 1 }, { 61, 46, 0 } } },
  { { { 56, 0, 0 }, { 53, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 56, 0, 1 }, { 53, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 56, 0, 2 }, { 54, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 57, 0, 1 }, { 62, 47, 0 } } },
  { { { 57, 0, 0 }, { 54, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 57, 0, 1 }, { 55, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 57, 0, 2 }, { 55, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 58, 0, 1 }, { 56, 62, 1 } } },
  { { { 58, 0, 0 }, { 56, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 58, 0, 1 }, { 56, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 58, 0, 2 }, { 57, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 59, 0, 1 }, { 57, 63, 1 } } },
  { { { 59, 0, 0 }, { 57, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 59, 0, 1 }, { 58, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 59, 0, 2 }, { 58, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 60, 0, 1 }, { 59, 62, 1 } } },
  { { { 60, 0, 0 }, { 59, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 60, 0, 1 }, { 59, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 60, 0, 2 }, { 60, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 61, 0, 1 }, { 60, 63, 1 } } },
  { { { 61, 0, 0 }, { 60, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 61, 0, 1 }, { 61, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 61, 0, 2 }, { 61, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 62, 0, 1 }, { 62, 62, 1 } } },
  { { { 62, 0, 0 }, { 62, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 62, 0, 1 }, { 62, 63, 0 } } },
  { { { 62, 0, 2 }, { 63, 62, 0 } } },
  { { { 63, 0, 1 }, { 63, 63, 1 } } },
  { { { 63, 0, 0 }, { 63, 63, 0 } } }
};

static const DDSSingleColourLookup*
  DDS_LOOKUP[] =
{
  DDSLookup_5_4,
  DDSLookup_6_4,
  DDSLookup_5_4
};

/*
  Macros
*/
#define C565_r(x) (((x) & 0xF800) >> 11)
#define C565_g(x) (((x) & 0x07E0) >> 5)
#define C565_b(x)  ((x) & 0x001F)

#define C565_red(x)   ( (C565_r(x) << 3 | C565_r(x) >> 2))
#define C565_green(x) ( (C565_g(x) << 2 | C565_g(x) >> 4))
#define C565_blue(x)  ( (C565_b(x) << 3 | C565_b(x) >> 2))

#define DIV2(x)  ((x) > 1 ? ((x) >> 1) : 1)

#define FixRange(min, max, steps) \
if (min > max) \
  min = max; \
if ((ssize_t) max - min < steps) \
  max = MagickMin(min + steps, 255); \
if ((ssize_t) max - min < steps) \
  min = MagickMax(0, (ssize_t) max - steps)

#define Dot(left, right) (left.x*right.x) + (left.y*right.y) + (left.z*right.z)

#define VectorInit(vector, value) vector.x = vector.y = vector.z = vector.w \
  = value
#define VectorInit3(vector, value) vector.x = vector.y = vector.z = value

#define IsBitMask(mask, r, g, b, a) (mask.r_bitmask == r && mask.g_bitmask == \
  g && mask.b_bitmask == b && mask.alpha_bitmask == a)

/*
  Forward declarations
*/
/*
  Forward declarations
*/
static MagickBooleanType
  ConstructOrdering(const size_t,const DDSVector4 *,const DDSVector3,
    DDSVector4 *, DDSVector4 *, unsigned char *, size_t),
  ReadDDSInfo(Image *,DDSInfo *),
  ReadDXT1(const ImageInfo *,Image *,DDSInfo *,const MagickBooleanType,
    ExceptionInfo *),
  ReadDXT3(const ImageInfo *,Image *,DDSInfo *,const MagickBooleanType,
    ExceptionInfo *),
  ReadDXT5(const ImageInfo *,Image *,DDSInfo *,const MagickBooleanType,
    ExceptionInfo *),
  ReadUncompressedRGB(const ImageInfo *,Image *,DDSInfo *,
    const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *),
  ReadUncompressedRGBA(const ImageInfo *,Image *,DDSInfo *,
    const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *),
  SkipDXTMipmaps(Image *,DDSInfo *,int,ExceptionInfo *),
  SkipRGBMipmaps(Image *,DDSInfo *,int,ExceptionInfo *),
  WriteDDSImage(const ImageInfo *,Image *,ExceptionInfo *),
  WriteMipmaps(Image *,const ImageInfo*,const size_t,const size_t,const size_t,
    const MagickBooleanType,const MagickBooleanType,const MagickBooleanType,
    ExceptionInfo *);

static void
  RemapIndices(const ssize_t *,const unsigned char *,unsigned char *),
  WriteDDSInfo(Image *,const size_t,const size_t,const size_t),
  WriteFourCC(Image *,const size_t,const MagickBooleanType,
    const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *),
  WriteImageData(Image *,const size_t,const size_t,const MagickBooleanType,
    const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *),
  WriteIndices(Image *,const DDSVector3,const DDSVector3,unsigned char *),
  WriteSingleColorFit(Image *,const DDSVector4 *,const ssize_t *),
  WriteUncompressed(Image *,ExceptionInfo *);

static inline void VectorAdd(const DDSVector4 left, const DDSVector4 right,
  DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = left.x + right.x;
  destination->y = left.y + right.y;
  destination->z = left.z + right.z;
  destination->w = left.w + right.w;
}

static inline void VectorClamp(DDSVector4 *value)
{
  value->x = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->x));
  value->y = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->y));
  value->z = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->z));
  value->w = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->w));
}

static inline void VectorClamp3(DDSVector3 *value)
{
  value->x = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->x));
  value->y = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->y));
  value->z = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->z));
}

static inline void VectorCopy43(const DDSVector4 source,
  DDSVector3 *destination)
{
  destination->x = source.x;
  destination->y = source.y;
  destination->z = source.z;
}

static inline void VectorCopy44(const DDSVector4 source,
  DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = source.x;
  destination->y = source.y;
  destination->z = source.z;
  destination->w = source.w;
}

static inline void VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(const DDSVector4 a,
  const DDSVector4 b, const DDSVector4 c, DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = c.x - (a.x * b.x);
  destination->y = c.y - (a.y * b.y);
  destination->z = c.z - (a.z * b.z);
  destination->w = c.w - (a.w * b.w);
}

static inline void VectorMultiply(const DDSVector4 left,
  const DDSVector4 right, DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = left.x * right.x;
  destination->y = left.y * right.y;
  destination->z = left.z * right.z;
  destination->w = left.w * right.w;
}

static inline void VectorMultiply3(const DDSVector3 left,
  const DDSVector3 right, DDSVector3 *destination)
{
  destination->x = left.x * right.x;
  destination->y = left.y * right.y;
  destination->z = left.z * right.z;
}

static inline void VectorMultiplyAdd(const DDSVector4 a, const DDSVector4 b,
  const DDSVector4 c, DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = (a.x * b.x) + c.x;
  destination->y = (a.y * b.y) + c.y;
  destination->z = (a.z * b.z) + c.z;
  destination->w = (a.w * b.w) + c.w;
}

static inline void VectorMultiplyAdd3(const DDSVector3 a, const DDSVector3 b,
  const DDSVector3 c, DDSVector3 *destination)
{
  destination->x = (a.x * b.x) + c.x;
  destination->y = (a.y * b.y) + c.y;
  destination->z = (a.z * b.z) + c.z;
}

static inline void VectorReciprocal(const DDSVector4 value,
  DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = 1.0f / value.x;
  destination->y = 1.0f / value.y;
  destination->z = 1.0f / value.z;
  destination->w = 1.0f / value.w;
}

static inline void VectorSubtract(const DDSVector4 left,
  const DDSVector4 right, DDSVector4 *destination)
{
  destination->x = left.x - right.x;
  destination->y = left.y - right.y;
  destination->z = left.z - right.z;
  destination->w = left.w - right.w;
}

static inline void VectorSubtract3(const DDSVector3 left,
  const DDSVector3 right, DDSVector3 *destination)
{
  destination->x = left.x - right.x;
  destination->y = left.y - right.y;
  destination->z = left.z - right.z;
}

static inline void VectorTruncate(DDSVector4 *value)
{
  value->x = value->x > 0.0f ? floor(value->x) : ceil(value->x);
  value->y = value->y > 0.0f ? floor(value->y) : ceil(value->y);
  value->z = value->z > 0.0f ? floor(value->z) : ceil(value->z);
  value->w = value->w > 0.0f ? floor(value->w) : ceil(value->w);
}

static inline void VectorTruncate3(DDSVector3 *value)
{
  value->x = value->x > 0.0f ? floor(value->x) : ceil(value->x);
  value->y = value->y > 0.0f ? floor(value->y) : ceil(value->y);
  value->z = value->z > 0.0f ? floor(value->z) : ceil(value->z);
}

static void CalculateColors(unsigned short c0, unsigned short c1,
  DDSColors *c, MagickBooleanType ignoreAlpha)
{
  c->a[0] = c->a[1] = c->a[2] = c->a[3] = 0;

  c->r[0] = (unsigned char) C565_red(c0);
  c->g[0] = (unsigned char) C565_green(c0);
  c->b[0] = (unsigned char) C565_blue(c0);

  c->r[1] = (unsigned char) C565_red(c1);
  c->g[1] = (unsigned char) C565_green(c1);
  c->b[1] = (unsigned char) C565_blue(c1);

  if (ignoreAlpha != MagickFalse || c0 > c1)
    {
      c->r[2] = (unsigned char) ((2 * c->r[0] + c->r[1]) / 3);
      c->g[2] = (unsigned char) ((2 * c->g[0] + c->g[1]) / 3);
      c->b[2] = (unsigned char) ((2 * c->b[0] + c->b[1]) / 3);

      c->r[3] = (unsigned char) ((c->r[0] + 2 * c->r[1]) / 3);
      c->g[3] = (unsigned char) ((c->g[0] + 2 * c->g[1]) / 3);
      c->b[3] = (unsigned char) ((c->b[0] + 2 * c->b[1]) / 3);
    }
  else
    {
      c->r[2] = (unsigned char) ((c->r[0] + c->r[1]) / 2);
      c->g[2] = (unsigned char) ((c->g[0] + c->g[1]) / 2);
      c->b[2] = (unsigned char) ((c->b[0] + c->b[1]) / 2);

      c->r[3] = c->g[3] = c->b[3] = 0;
      c->a[3] = 255;
    }
}

static size_t CompressAlpha(const size_t min, const size_t max,
  const size_t steps, const ssize_t *alphas, unsigned char* indices)
{
  unsigned char
    codes[8];

  register ssize_t
    i;

  size_t
    error,
    index,
    j,
    least,
    value;

  codes[0] = (unsigned char) min;
  codes[1] = (unsigned char) max;
  codes[6] = 0;
  codes[7] = 255;

  for (i=1; i <  (ssize_t) steps; i++)
    codes[i+1] = (unsigned char) (((steps-i)*min + i*max) / steps);

  error = 0;
  for (i=0; i<16; i++)
  {
    if (alphas[i] == -1)
      {
        indices[i] = 0;
        continue;
      }

    value = alphas[i];
    least = SIZE_MAX;
    index = 0;
    for (j=0; j<8; j++)
    {
      size_t
        dist;

      dist = value - (size_t)codes[j];
      dist *= dist;

      if (dist < least)
        {
          least = dist;
          index = j;
        }
    }

    indices[i] = (unsigned char)index;
    error += least;
  }

  return error;
}

static void CompressClusterFit(const size_t count,
  const DDSVector4 *points, const ssize_t *map, const DDSVector3 principle,
  const DDSVector4 metric, DDSVector3 *start, DDSVector3* end,
  unsigned char *indices)
{
  DDSVector3
    axis;

  DDSVector4
    grid,
    gridrcp,
    half,
    onethird_onethird2,
    pointsWeights[16],
    two,
    twonineths,
    twothirds_twothirds2,
    xSumwSum;

  float
    bestError = 1e+37f;

  size_t
    bestIteration = 0,
    besti = 0,
    bestj = 0,
    bestk = 0,
    iterationIndex;

  ssize_t
    i;

  unsigned char
    *o,
    order[128],
    unordered[16];

  VectorInit(half,0.5f);
  VectorInit(two,2.0f);

  VectorInit(onethird_onethird2,1.0f/3.0f);
  onethird_onethird2.w = 1.0f/9.0f;
  VectorInit(twothirds_twothirds2,2.0f/3.0f);
  twothirds_twothirds2.w = 4.0f/9.0f;
  VectorInit(twonineths,2.0f/9.0f);

  grid.x = 31.0f;
  grid.y = 63.0f;
  grid.z = 31.0f;
  grid.w = 0.0f;

  gridrcp.x = 1.0f/31.0f;
  gridrcp.y = 1.0f/63.0f;
  gridrcp.z = 1.0f/31.0f;
  gridrcp.w = 0.0f;

  xSumwSum.x = 0.0f;
  xSumwSum.y = 0.0f;
  xSumwSum.z = 0.0f;
  xSumwSum.w = 0.0f;

  ConstructOrdering(count,points,principle,pointsWeights,&xSumwSum,order,0);

  for (iterationIndex = 0;;)
  {
#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,1) \
    num_threads(GetMagickResourceLimit(ThreadResource))
#endif
    for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
    {
      DDSVector4
        part0,
        part1,
        part2;

      size_t
        ii,
        j,
        k,
        kmin;

      VectorInit(part0,0.0f);
      for(ii=0; ii < (size_t) i; ii++)
        VectorAdd(pointsWeights[ii],part0,&part0);

      VectorInit(part1,0.0f);
      for (j=(size_t) i;;)
      {
        if (j == 0)
          {
            VectorCopy44(pointsWeights[0],&part2);
            kmin = 1;
          }
          else
          {
            VectorInit(part2,0.0f);
            kmin = j;
          }

        for (k=kmin;;)
        {
          DDSVector4
            a,
            alpha2_sum,
            alphax_sum,
            alphabeta_sum,
            b,
            beta2_sum,
            betax_sum,
            e1,
            e2,
            factor,
            part3;

          float
            error;

          VectorSubtract(xSumwSum,part2,&part3);
          VectorSubtract(part3,part1,&part3);
          VectorSubtract(part3,part0,&part3);

          VectorMultiplyAdd(part1,twothirds_twothirds2,part0,&alphax_sum);
          VectorMultiplyAdd(part2,onethird_onethird2,alphax_sum,&alphax_sum);
          VectorInit(alpha2_sum,alphax_sum.w);

          VectorMultiplyAdd(part2,twothirds_twothirds2,part3,&betax_sum);
          VectorMultiplyAdd(part1,onethird_onethird2,betax_sum,&betax_sum);
          VectorInit(beta2_sum,betax_sum.w);

          VectorAdd(part1,part2,&alphabeta_sum);
          VectorInit(alphabeta_sum,alphabeta_sum.w);
          VectorMultiply(twonineths,alphabeta_sum,&alphabeta_sum);

          VectorMultiply(alpha2_sum,beta2_sum,&factor);
          VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(alphabeta_sum,alphabeta_sum,factor,
            &factor);
          VectorReciprocal(factor,&factor);

          VectorMultiply(alphax_sum,beta2_sum,&a);
          VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(betax_sum,alphabeta_sum,a,&a);
          VectorMultiply(a,factor,&a);

          VectorMultiply(betax_sum,alpha2_sum,&b);
          VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(alphax_sum,alphabeta_sum,b,&b);
          VectorMultiply(b,factor,&b);

          VectorClamp(&a);
          VectorMultiplyAdd(grid,a,half,&a);
          VectorTruncate(&a);
          VectorMultiply(a,gridrcp,&a);

          VectorClamp(&b);
          VectorMultiplyAdd(grid,b,half,&b);
          VectorTruncate(&b);
          VectorMultiply(b,gridrcp,&b);

          VectorMultiply(b,b,&e1);
          VectorMultiply(e1,beta2_sum,&e1);
          VectorMultiply(a,a,&e2);
          VectorMultiplyAdd(e2,alpha2_sum,e1,&e1);

          VectorMultiply(a,b,&e2);
          VectorMultiply(e2,alphabeta_sum,&e2);
          VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(a,alphax_sum,e2,&e2);
          VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(b,betax_sum,e2,&e2);
          VectorMultiplyAdd(two,e2,e1,&e2);
          VectorMultiply(e2,metric,&e2);

          error = e2.x + e2.y + e2.z;

          if (error < bestError)
            {
#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
              #pragma omp critical (DDS_CompressClusterFit)
#endif
              {
                if (error < bestError)
                  {
                    VectorCopy43(a,start);
                    VectorCopy43(b,end);
                    bestError = error;
                    besti = i;
                    bestj = j;
                    bestk = k;
                    bestIteration = iterationIndex;
                  }
              }
            }

          if (k == count)
            break;

          VectorAdd(pointsWeights[k],part2,&part2);
          k++;
        }

        if (j == count)
          break;

        VectorAdd(pointsWeights[j],part1,&part1);
        j++;
      }
    }

    if (bestIteration != iterationIndex)
      break;

    iterationIndex++;
    if (iterationIndex == 8)
      break;

    VectorSubtract3(*end,*start,&axis);
    if (ConstructOrdering(count,points,axis,pointsWeights,&xSumwSum,order,
      iterationIndex) == MagickFalse)
      break;
  }

  o = order + (16*bestIteration);

  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) besti; i++)
    unordered[o[i]] = 0;
  for (i=besti; i < (ssize_t) bestj; i++)
    unordered[o[i]] = 2;
  for (i=bestj; i < (ssize_t) bestk; i++)
    unordered[o[i]] = 3;
  for (i=bestk; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
    unordered[o[i]] = 1;

  RemapIndices(map,unordered,indices);
}

static void CompressRangeFit(const size_t count,
  const DDSVector4* points, const ssize_t *map, const DDSVector3 principle,
  const DDSVector4 metric, DDSVector3 *start, DDSVector3 *end,
  unsigned char *indices)
{
  float
    d,
    bestDist,
    max,
    min,
    val;

  DDSVector3
    codes[4],
    grid,
    gridrcp,
    half,
    dist;

  register ssize_t
    i;

  size_t
    bestj,
    j;

  unsigned char
    closest[16];

  VectorInit3(half,0.5f);

  grid.x = 31.0f;
  grid.y = 63.0f;
  grid.z = 31.0f;

  gridrcp.x = 1.0f/31.0f;
  gridrcp.y = 1.0f/63.0f;
  gridrcp.z = 1.0f/31.0f;

  if (count > 0)
    {
      VectorCopy43(points[0],start);
      VectorCopy43(points[0],end);

      min = max = Dot(points[0],principle);
      for (i=1; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
      {
        val = Dot(points[i],principle);
        if (val < min)
        {
          VectorCopy43(points[i],start);
          min = val;
        }
        else if (val > max)
        {
          VectorCopy43(points[i],end);
          max = val;
        }
      }
    }

  VectorClamp3(start);
  VectorMultiplyAdd3(grid,*start,half,start);
  VectorTruncate3(start);
  VectorMultiply3(*start,gridrcp,start);

  VectorClamp3(end);
  VectorMultiplyAdd3(grid,*end,half,end);
  VectorTruncate3(end);
  VectorMultiply3(*end,gridrcp,end);

  codes[0] = *start;
  codes[1] = *end;
  codes[2].x = (start->x * (2.0f/3.0f)) + (end->x * (1.0f/3.0f));
  codes[2].y = (start->y * (2.0f/3.0f)) + (end->y * (1.0f/3.0f));
  codes[2].z = (start->z * (2.0f/3.0f)) + (end->z * (1.0f/3.0f));
  codes[3].x = (start->x * (1.0f/3.0f)) + (end->x * (2.0f/3.0f));
  codes[3].y = (start->y * (1.0f/3.0f)) + (end->y * (2.0f/3.0f));
  codes[3].z = (start->z * (1.0f/3.0f)) + (end->z * (2.0f/3.0f));

  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
  {
    bestDist = 1e+37f;
    bestj = 0;
    for (j=0; j < 4; j++)
    {
      dist.x = (points[i].x - codes[j].x) * metric.x;
      dist.y = (points[i].y - codes[j].y) * metric.y;
      dist.z = (points[i].z - codes[j].z) * metric.z;

      d = Dot(dist,dist);
      if (d < bestDist)
        {
          bestDist = d;
          bestj = j;
        }
    }

    closest[i] = (unsigned char) bestj;
  }

  RemapIndices(map, closest, indices);
}

static void ComputeEndPoints(const DDSSingleColourLookup *lookup[],
  const unsigned char *color, DDSVector3 *start, DDSVector3 *end,
  unsigned char *index)
{
  register ssize_t
    i;

  size_t
    c,
    maxError = SIZE_MAX;

  for (i=0; i < 2; i++)
  {
    const DDSSourceBlock*
      sources[3];

      size_t
        error = 0;

    for (c=0; c < 3; c++)
    {
      sources[c] = &lookup[c][color[c]].sources[i];
      error += ((size_t) sources[c]->error) * ((size_t) sources[c]->error);
    }

    if (error > maxError)
      continue;

    start->x = (float) sources[0]->start / 31.0f;
    start->y = (float) sources[1]->start / 63.0f;
    start->z = (float) sources[2]->start / 31.0f;

    end->x = (float) sources[0]->end / 31.0f;
    end->y = (float) sources[1]->end / 63.0f;
    end->z = (float) sources[2]->end / 31.0f;

    *index = (unsigned char) (2*i);
    maxError = error;
  }
}

static void ComputePrincipleComponent(const float *covariance,
  DDSVector3 *principle)
{
  DDSVector4
    row0,
    row1,
    row2,
    v;

  register ssize_t
    i;

  row0.x = covariance[0];
  row0.y = covariance[1];
  row0.z = covariance[2];
  row0.w = 0.0f;

  row1.x = covariance[1];
  row1.y = covariance[3];
  row1.z = covariance[4];
  row1.w = 0.0f;

  row2.x = covariance[2];
  row2.y = covariance[4];
  row2.z = covariance[5];
  row2.w = 0.0f;

  VectorInit(v,1.0f);

  for (i=0; i < 8; i++)
  {
    DDSVector4
      w;

    float
      a;

    w.x = row0.x * v.x;
    w.y = row0.y * v.x;
    w.z = row0.z * v.x;
    w.w = row0.w * v.x;

    w.x = (row1.x * v.y) + w.x;
    w.y = (row1.y * v.y) + w.y;
    w.z = (row1.z * v.y) + w.z;
    w.w = (row1.w * v.y) + w.w;

    w.x = (row2.x * v.z) + w.x;
    w.y = (row2.y * v.z) + w.y;
    w.z = (row2.z * v.z) + w.z;
    w.w = (row2.w * v.z) + w.w;

    a = (float) PerceptibleReciprocal(MagickMax(w.x,MagickMax(w.y,w.z)));

    v.x = w.x * a;
    v.y = w.y * a;
    v.z = w.z * a;
    v.w = w.w * a;
  }

  VectorCopy43(v,principle);
}

static void ComputeWeightedCovariance(const size_t count,
  const DDSVector4 *points, float *covariance)
{
  DDSVector3
    centroid;

  float
    total;

  size_t
    i;

  total = 0.0f;
  VectorInit3(centroid,0.0f);

  for (i=0; i < count; i++)
  {
    total += points[i].w;
    centroid.x += (points[i].x * points[i].w);
    centroid.y += (points[i].y * points[i].w);
    centroid.z += (points[i].z * points[i].w);
  }

  if( total > 1.192092896e-07F)
    {
      centroid.x /= total;
      centroid.y /= total;
      centroid.z /= total;
    }

  for (i=0; i < 6; i++)
    covariance[i] = 0.0f;

  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
  {
    DDSVector3
      a,
      b;

    a.x = points[i].x - centroid.x;
    a.y = points[i].y - centroid.y;
    a.z = points[i].z - centroid.z;

    b.x = points[i].w * a.x;
    b.y = points[i].w * a.y;
    b.z = points[i].w * a.z;

    covariance[0] += a.x*b.x;
    covariance[1] += a.x*b.y;
    covariance[2] += a.x*b.z;
    covariance[3] += a.y*b.y;
    covariance[4] += a.y*b.z;
    covariance[5] += a.z*b.z;
  }
}

static MagickBooleanType ConstructOrdering(const size_t count,
  const DDSVector4 *points, const DDSVector3 axis, DDSVector4 *pointsWeights,
  DDSVector4 *xSumwSum, unsigned char *order, size_t iteration)
{
  float
     dps[16],
     f;

  register ssize_t
    i;

  size_t
    j;

  unsigned char
    c,
    *o,
    *p;

  o = order + (16*iteration);

  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
  {
    dps[i] = Dot(points[i],axis);
    o[i] = (unsigned char)i;
  }

  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
  {
    for (j=i; j > 0 && dps[j] < dps[j - 1]; j--)
    {
      f = dps[j];
      dps[j] = dps[j - 1];
      dps[j - 1] = f;

      c = o[j];
      o[j] = o[j - 1];
      o[j - 1] = c;
    }
  }

  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) iteration; i++)
  {
    MagickBooleanType
      same;

    p = order + (16*i);
    same = MagickTrue;

    for (j=0; j < count; j++)
    {
      if (o[j] != p[j])
        {
          same = MagickFalse;
          break;
        }
    }

    if (same != MagickFalse)
      return MagickFalse;
  }

  xSumwSum->x = 0;
  xSumwSum->y = 0;
  xSumwSum->z = 0;
  xSumwSum->w = 0;

  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
  {
    DDSVector4
      v;

    j = (size_t) o[i];

    v.x = points[j].w * points[j].x;
    v.y = points[j].w * points[j].y;
    v.z = points[j].w * points[j].z;
    v.w = points[j].w * 1.0f;

    VectorCopy44(v,&pointsWeights[i]);
    VectorAdd(*xSumwSum,v,xSumwSum);
  }

  return MagickTrue;
}

/*
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%   I s D D S                                                                 %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%  IsDDS() returns MagickTrue if the image format type, identified by the
%  magick string, is DDS.
%
%  The format of the IsDDS method is:
%
%      MagickBooleanType IsDDS(const unsigned char *magick,const size_t length)
%
%  A description of each parameter follows:
%
%    o magick: compare image format pattern against these bytes.
%
%    o length: Specifies the length of the magick string.
%
*/
static MagickBooleanType IsDDS(const unsigned char *magick, const size_t length)
{
  if (length < 4)
    return(MagickFalse);
  if (LocaleNCompare((char *) magick,"DDS ", 4) == 0)
    return(MagickTrue);
  return(MagickFalse);
}
/*
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%   R e a d D D S I m a g e                                                   %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%                                                                             %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%  ReadDDSImage() reads a DirectDraw Surface image file and returns it.  It
%  allocates the memory necessary for the new Image structure and returns a
%  pointer to the new image.
%
%  The format of the ReadDDSImage method is:
%
%      Image *ReadDDSImage(const ImageInfo *image_info,ExceptionInfo *exception)
%
%  A description of each parameter follows:
%
%    o image_info: The image info.
%
%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
%
*/

static Image *ReadDDSImage(const ImageInfo *image_info,ExceptionInfo *exception)
{
  const char
    *option;

  CompressionType
    compression;

  DDSInfo
    dds_info;

  DDSDecoder
    *decoder;

  Image
    *image;

  MagickBooleanType
    status,
    cubemap,
    volume,
    read_mipmaps;

  PixelTrait
    alpha_trait;

  size_t
    n,
    num_images;

  /*
    Open image file.
  */
  assert(image_info != (const ImageInfo *) NULL);
  assert(image_info->signature == MagickCoreSignature);
  if (image_info->debug != MagickFalse)
    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",
      image_info->filename);
  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
  assert(exception->signature == MagickCoreSignature);
  cubemap=MagickFalse,
  volume=MagickFalse,
  read_mipmaps=MagickFalse;
  image=AcquireImage(image_info,exception);
  status=OpenBlob(image_info,image,Rea…