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  36. <li class="clear">
    37. 

  37. 

  38. <ul class="toc">
    39. 

  39. <li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="exception#exceptions" class="toc">Exceptions</a></span></div>
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  40. <ul class="toc">
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  41. <li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="exception#handling" class="toc">Handling</a></span></div></li>
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  42. <li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="exception#standard_exceptions" class="toc">Standard Exceptions</a></span></div></li></ul>
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  43. </li></ul>
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  44. </li></ul>
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  45. </div>
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  46. </div>
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  47. <!-- TOC END -->
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  48. 

  49. <h2 class="sectionedit1"><a name="exceptions" id="exceptions">Exceptions</a></h2>
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  50. <div class="level2">
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  51. 

  52. </div>
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  53. <!-- EDIT1 SECTION "Exceptions" [1-23] -->
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  54. <h3 class="sectionedit2"><a name="handling" id="handling">Handling</a></h3>
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  55. <div class="level3">
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  56. 

  57. <p>
    58. 

  58. The <code>&lt;exception&gt;</code> header provides functions and classes for exception control. One basic class is <code>exception</code>:
    59. 

  59. 

  60. </p>
    61. 

  61. <pre class="cpp code cpp"><span class="kw2">class</span> exception
    62. 

  62. <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
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  63. <span class="kw2">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
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  64.     exception<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    65. 

  65.     exception<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">const</span> exception<span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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  66.     exception<span class="sy3">&amp;</span> operator<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">const</span> exception<span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    67. 

  67.     <span class="kw2">virtual</span> ~exception<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
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  68.     <span class="kw2">virtual</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>what<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    69. 

  69. <span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre>
    70. 

  70. </div>
    71. 

  71. <!-- EDIT2 SECTION "Handling" [24-404] -->
    72. 

  72. <h3 class="sectionedit3"><a name="standard_exceptions" id="standard_exceptions">Standard Exceptions</a></h3>
    73. 

  73. <div class="level3">
    74. 

  74. 

  75. <p>
    76. 

  76. The <code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;</code> header provides a small hierarchy of exception classes that can be <a href="../keywords/throw" class="wikilink1" title="keywords:throw">thrown</a> or <a href="../keywords/catch" class="wikilink1" title="keywords:catch">caught</a>:
    77. 

  77. 

  78. </p>
    79. 

  79. <ul>
    80. 

  80. <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <code>exception</code></div>
    81. 

  81. <ul>
    82. 

  82. <li class="level2"><div class="li"> <code>logic_error</code></div>
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  83. <ul>
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  84. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>domain_error</code></div>
    85. 

  85. </li>
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  86. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>invalid_argument</code></div>
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  87. </li>
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  88. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>length_error</code></div>
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  89. </li>
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  90. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>out_of_range</code></div>
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  91. </li>
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  92. </ul>
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  93. </li>
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  94. <li class="level2"><div class="li"> <code>runtime_error</code></div>
    95. 

  95. <ul>
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  96. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>range_error</code></div>
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  97. </li>
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  98. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>overflow_error</code></div>
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  99. </li>
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  100. <li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>underflow_error</code></div>
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  101. </li>
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  102. </ul>
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  103. </li>
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  104. </ul>
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  105. </li>
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  106. </ul>
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  107. 

  108. <p>
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  109. 

  110. <em>Logic</em> errors are thrown if the program has internal errors that are caused by the user of a function and that, in theory, are preventable.<br/>
    111. 

  111. 

  112. <em>Runtime</em> errors are thrown if the cause is beyond the program and can&#039;t be predicted by the user of a function.
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  113. 

  114. </p>
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  115. 

  116. </div>
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  117. <!-- EDIT3 SECTION "Standard Exceptions" [405-] --></div>
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