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  33. <div id="toc__inside">
    34. 

  34. 

  35. <ul class="toc">
    36. 

  36. <li class="clear">
    37. 

  37. 

  38. <ul class="toc">
    39. 

  39. <li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="operator_precedence#c_operatoer_oencelikleri" class="toc">C++ Operatör Öncelikleri</a></span></div></li>
    40. 

  40. <li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="operator_precedence#order_of_evaluation_and_of_side_effects" class="toc">Order of Evaluation and of Side Effects</a></span></div></li>
    41. 

  41. <li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="operator_precedence#overloading_of_operators" class="toc">Overloading of Operators</a></span></div></li></ul>
    42. 

  42. </li></ul>
    43. 

  43. </div>
    44. 

  44. </div>
    45. 

  45. <!-- TOC END -->
    46. 

  46. 

  47. <h2 class="sectionedit1"><a name="c_operatoer_oencelikleri" id="c_operatoer_oencelikleri">C++ Operatör Öncelikleri</a></h2>
    48. 

  48. <div class="level2">
    49. 

  49. 

  50. <p>
    51. 

  51. 

  52. Bu listede yukarıda bulunan operatörler önce değerlendirilir. Aynı grup içindeki operatörler eşit önceliğe sahiptir. Aksi belirtilmedikçe soldan-sağa doğru değerlendirilirler.
    53. 

  53. 

  54. </p>
    55. 

  55. <div class="table sectionedit2"><table class="inline">
    56. 

  56. 	<tr class="row0">
    57. 

  57. 		<th class="col0 centeralign">  Operatör  </th><th class="col1 centeralign">  Açıklama  </th><th class="col2 centeralign">  Örnek  </th><th class="col3 centeralign">  Overloadable  </th>
    58. 

  58. 	</tr>
    59. 

  59. 	<tr class="row1">
    60. 

  60. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <em class="u"><strong>Group 1</strong></em> <br/>
    61. 

  61. (no associativity)   </td>
    62. 

  62. 	</tr>
    63. 

  63. 	<tr class="row2">
    64. 

  64. 		<td class="col0"><code>::</code></td><td class="col1">Scope resolution operator</td><td class="col2">Class::age = 2;</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    65. 

  65. 	</tr>
    66. 

  66. 	<tr class="row3">
    67. 

  67. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <em class="u"><strong>Group 2</strong></em>  </td>
    68. 

  68. 	</tr>
    69. 

  69. 	<tr class="row4">
    70. 

  70. 		<td class="col0"><code>()</code></td><td class="col1">Function call</td><td class="col2">isdigit(&#039;1&#039;)</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    71. 

  71. 	</tr>
    72. 

  72. 	<tr class="row5">
    73. 

  73. 		<td class="col0"><code>()</code></td><td class="col1">Member initalization </td><td class="col2"> c_tor(int x, int y) : _x(x), _y(y*10){};</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    74. 

  74. 	</tr>
    75. 

  75. 	<tr class="row6">
    76. 

  76. 		<td class="col0"><code>[]</code></td><td class="col1">Array access</td><td class="col2">array[4] = 2;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    77. 

  77. 	</tr>
    78. 

  78. 	<tr class="row7">
    79. 

  79. 		<td class="col0"><code>-&gt;</code></td><td class="col1">Member access from a pointer</td><td class="col2">ptr-&gt;age = 34;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    80. 

  80. 	</tr>
    81. 

  81. 	<tr class="row8">
    82. 

  82. 		<td class="col0"><code>.</code></td><td class="col1">Member access from an object</td><td class="col2">obj.age = 34;</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    83. 

  83. 	</tr>
    84. 

  84. 	<tr class="row9">
    85. 

  85. 		<td class="col0"><code>++</code></td><td class="col1">Post-increment</td><td class="col2">for( int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++ ) cout &lt;&lt; i;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    86. 

  86. 	</tr>
    87. 

  87. 	<tr class="row10">
    88. 

  88. 		<td class="col0"><code>--</code></td><td class="col1">Post-decrement</td><td class="col2">for( int i = 10; i &gt; 0; i-- ) cout &lt;&lt; i;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    89. 

  89. 	</tr>
    90. 

  90. 	<tr class="row11">
    91. 

  91. 		<td class="col0"><code>const_cast</code></td><td class="col1">Special cast</td><td class="col2">const_cast&lt;type_to&gt;(type_from);</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    92. 

  92. 	</tr>
    93. 

  93. 	<tr class="row12">
    94. 

  94. 		<td class="col0"><code>dynamic_cast</code></td><td class="col1">Special cast</td><td class="col2">dynamic_cast&lt;type_to&gt;(type_from);</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    95. 

  95. 	</tr>
    96. 

  96. 	<tr class="row13">
    97. 

  97. 		<td class="col0"><code>static_cast</code></td><td class="col1">Special cast</td><td class="col2">static_cast&lt;type_to&gt;(type_from);</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    98. 

  98. 	</tr>
    99. 

  99. 	<tr class="row14">
    100. 

  100. 		<td class="col0"><code>reinterpret_cast</code></td><td class="col1">Special cast</td><td class="col2">reinterpret_cast&lt;type_to&gt;(type_from);</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    101. 

  101. 	</tr>
    102. 

  102. 	<tr class="row15">
    103. 

  103. 		<td class="col0"><code>typeid</code></td><td class="col1">Runtime type information</td><td class="col2">cout « typeid(var).name(); <br/>
    104. 

  104. cout « typeid(type).name();</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    105. 

  105. 	</tr>
    106. 

  106. 	<tr class="row16">
    107. 

  107. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 3</strong><br/>
    108. 

  108. (right-to-left associativity)  </td>
    109. 

  109. 	</tr>
    110. 

  110. 	<tr class="row17">
    111. 

  111. 		<td class="col0"><code>!</code></td><td class="col1">Logical negation</td><td class="col2">if( !done ) …</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    112. 

  112. 	</tr>
    113. 

  113. 	<tr class="row18">
    114. 

  114. 		<td class="col0"><code>not</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for ! </td>
    115. 

  115. 	</tr>
    116. 

  116. 	<tr class="row19">
    117. 

  117. 		<td class="col0"><code>~</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise complement</td><td class="col2">flags = ~flags;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    118. 

  118. 	</tr>
    119. 

  119. 	<tr class="row20">
    120. 

  120. 		<td class="col0"><code>compl</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for ~ </td>
    121. 

  121. 	</tr>
    122. 

  122. 	<tr class="row21">
    123. 

  123. 		<td class="col0"><code>++</code></td><td class="col1">Pre-increment</td><td class="col2">for( i = 0; i &lt; 10; ++i ) cout &lt;&lt; i;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    124. 

  124. 	</tr>
    125. 

  125. 	<tr class="row22">
    126. 

  126. 		<td class="col0"><code>--</code></td><td class="col1">Pre-decrement</td><td class="col2">for( i = 10; i &gt; 0; --i ) cout &lt;&lt; i;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    127. 

  127. 	</tr>
    128. 

  128. 	<tr class="row23">
    129. 

  129. 		<td class="col0"><code>-</code></td><td class="col1">Unary minus</td><td class="col2">int i = -1;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    130. 

  130. 	</tr>
    131. 

  131. 	<tr class="row24">
    132. 

  132. 		<td class="col0"><code>+</code></td><td class="col1">Unary plus</td><td class="col2">int i = +1;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    133. 

  133. 	</tr>
    134. 

  134. 	<tr class="row25">
    135. 

  135. 		<td class="col0"><code>*</code></td><td class="col1">Dereference</td><td class="col2">int data = *intPtr;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    136. 

  136. 	</tr>
    137. 

  137. 	<tr class="row26">
    138. 

  138. 		<td class="col0"><code>&amp;</code></td><td class="col1">Address of</td><td class="col2">int *intPtr = &amp;data;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    139. 

  139. 	</tr>
    140. 

  140. 	<tr class="row27">
    141. 

  141. 		<td class="col0"><code>new</code></td><td class="col1">Dynamic memory allocation</td><td class="col2">long *pVar = new long; <br/>
    142. 

  142. MyClass *ptr = new MyClass(args);</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    143. 

  143. 	</tr>
    144. 

  144. 	<tr class="row28">
    145. 

  145. 		<td class="col0"><code>new []</code></td><td class="col1">Dynamic memory allocation of array</td><td class="col2">long *array = new long[n];</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    146. 

  146. 	</tr>
    147. 

  147. 	<tr class="row29">
    148. 

  148. 		<td class="col0"><code>delete</code></td><td class="col1">Deallocating the memory</td><td class="col2"> delete pVar;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    149. 

  149. 	</tr>
    150. 

  150. 	<tr class="row30">
    151. 

  151. 		<td class="col0"><code>delete []</code></td><td class="col1">Deallocating the memory of array</td><td class="col2"> delete [] array;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    152. 

  152. 	</tr>
    153. 

  153. 	<tr class="row31">
    154. 

  154. 		<td class="col0"><code>(type)</code></td><td class="col1">Cast to a given type</td><td class="col2">int i = (int) floatNum;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    155. 

  155. 	</tr>
    156. 

  156. 	<tr class="row32">
    157. 

  157. 		<td class="col0"><code>sizeof</code></td><td class="col1">Return size of an object or type</td><td class="col2">int size = sizeof floatNum; <br/>
    158. 

  158. int size = sizeof(float);</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    159. 

  159. 	</tr>
    160. 

  160. 	<tr class="row33">
    161. 

  161. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 4</strong>  </td>
    162. 

  162. 	</tr>
    163. 

  163. 	<tr class="row34">
    164. 

  164. 		<td class="col0"><code>-&gt;*</code></td><td class="col1">Member pointer selector</td><td class="col2">ptr-&gt;*var = 24;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    165. 

  165. 	</tr>
    166. 

  166. 	<tr class="row35">
    167. 

  167. 		<td class="col0"><code>.*</code></td><td class="col1">Member object selector</td><td class="col2">obj.*var = 24;</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    168. 

  168. 	</tr>
    169. 

  169. 	<tr class="row36">
    170. 

  170. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 5</strong>  </td>
    171. 

  171. 	</tr>
    172. 

  172. 	<tr class="row37">
    173. 

  173. 		<td class="col0"><code>*</code></td><td class="col1">Multiplication</td><td class="col2">int i = 2 * 4;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    174. 

  174. 	</tr>
    175. 

  175. 	<tr class="row38">
    176. 

  176. 		<td class="col0"><code>/</code></td><td class="col1">Division</td><td class="col2">float f = 10.0 / 3.0;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    177. 

  177. 	</tr>
    178. 

  178. 	<tr class="row39">
    179. 

  179. 		<td class="col0"><code>%</code></td><td class="col1">Modulus</td><td class="col2">int rem = 4 % 3;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    180. 

  180. 	</tr>
    181. 

  181. 	<tr class="row40">
    182. 

  182. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 6</strong>  </td>
    183. 

  183. 	</tr>
    184. 

  184. 	<tr class="row41">
    185. 

  185. 		<td class="col0"><code>+</code></td><td class="col1">Addition</td><td class="col2">int i = 2 + 3;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    186. 

  186. 	</tr>
    187. 

  187. 	<tr class="row42">
    188. 

  188. 		<td class="col0"><code>-</code></td><td class="col1">Subtraction</td><td class="col2">int i = 5 - 1;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    189. 

  189. 	</tr>
    190. 

  190. 	<tr class="row43">
    191. 

  191. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 7</strong>  </td>
    192. 

  192. 	</tr>
    193. 

  193. 	<tr class="row44">
    194. 

  194. 		<td class="col0"><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise shift left</td><td class="col2">int flags = 33 &lt;&lt; 1;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    195. 

  195. 	</tr>
    196. 

  196. 	<tr class="row45">
    197. 

  197. 		<td class="col0"><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise shift right</td><td class="col2">int flags = 33 &gt;&gt; 1;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    198. 

  198. 	</tr>
    199. 

  199. 	<tr class="row46">
    200. 

  200. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 8</strong>  </td>
    201. 

  201. 	</tr>
    202. 

  202. 	<tr class="row47">
    203. 

  203. 		<td class="col0"><code>&lt;</code></td><td class="col1">Comparison less-than</td><td class="col2">if( i &lt; 42 ) …</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    204. 

  204. 	</tr>
    205. 

  205. 	<tr class="row48">
    206. 

  206. 		<td class="col0"><code>&lt;=</code></td><td class="col1">Comparison less-than-or-equal-to</td><td class="col2">if( i &lt;= 42 ) ...</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    207. 

  207. 	</tr>
    208. 

  208. 	<tr class="row49">
    209. 

  209. 		<td class="col0"><code>&gt;</code></td><td class="col1">Comparison greater-than</td><td class="col2">if( i &gt; 42 ) …</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    210. 

  210. 	</tr>
    211. 

  211. 	<tr class="row50">
    212. 

  212. 		<td class="col0"><code>&gt;=</code></td><td class="col1">Comparison greater-than-or-equal-to</td><td class="col2">if( i &gt;= 42 ) ...</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    213. 

  213. 	</tr>
    214. 

  214. 	<tr class="row51">
    215. 

  215. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 9</strong>  </td>
    216. 

  216. 	</tr>
    217. 

  217. 	<tr class="row52">
    218. 

  218. 		<td class="col0"><code>==</code></td><td class="col1">Comparison equal-to</td><td class="col2">if( i == 42 ) ...</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    219. 

  219. 	</tr>
    220. 

  220. 	<tr class="row53">
    221. 

  221. 		<td class="col0"><code>eq</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for == </td>
    222. 

  222. 	</tr>
    223. 

  223. 	<tr class="row54">
    224. 

  224. 		<td class="col0"><code>!=</code></td><td class="col1">Comparison not-equal-to</td><td class="col2">if( i != 42 ) …</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    225. 

  225. 	</tr>
    226. 

  226. 	<tr class="row55">
    227. 

  227. 		<td class="col0"><code>not_eq</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for != </td>
    228. 

  228. 	</tr>
    229. 

  229. 	<tr class="row56">
    230. 

  230. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 10</strong>  </td>
    231. 

  231. 	</tr>
    232. 

  232. 	<tr class="row57">
    233. 

  233. 		<td class="col0"><code>&amp;</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise AND</td><td class="col2">flags = flags &amp; 42;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    234. 

  234. 	</tr>
    235. 

  235. 	<tr class="row58">
    236. 

  236. 		<td class="col0"><code>bitand</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for &amp; </td>
    237. 

  237. 	</tr>
    238. 

  238. 	<tr class="row59">
    239. 

  239. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 11</strong>  </td>
    240. 

  240. 	</tr>
    241. 

  241. 	<tr class="row60">
    242. 

  242. 		<td class="col0"><code>^</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise exclusive OR (XOR)</td><td class="col2">flags = flags ^ 42;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    243. 

  243. 	</tr>
    244. 

  244. 	<tr class="row61">
    245. 

  245. 		<td class="col0"><code>xor</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for ^ </td>
    246. 

  246. 	</tr>
    247. 

  247. 	<tr class="row62">
    248. 

  248. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 12</strong>  </td>
    249. 

  249. 	</tr>
    250. 

  250. 	<tr class="row63">
    251. 

  251. 		<td class="col0"><code>|</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise inclusive (normal) OR</td><td class="col2">flags = flags | 42;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    252. 

  252. 	</tr>
    253. 

  253. 	<tr class="row64">
    254. 

  254. 		<td class="col0"><code>bitor</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for | </td>
    255. 

  255. 	</tr>
    256. 

  256. 	<tr class="row65">
    257. 

  257. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 13</strong>  </td>
    258. 

  258. 	</tr>
    259. 

  259. 	<tr class="row66">
    260. 

  260. 		<td class="col0"><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td><td class="col1">Logical AND</td><td class="col2">if( conditionA &amp;&amp; conditionB ) …</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    261. 

  261. 	</tr>
    262. 

  262. 	<tr class="row67">
    263. 

  263. 		<td class="col0"><code>and</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for &amp;&amp; </td>
    264. 

  264. 	</tr>
    265. 

  265. 	<tr class="row68">
    266. 

  266. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 14</strong>  </td>
    267. 

  267. 	</tr>
    268. 

  268. 	<tr class="row69">
    269. 

  269. 		<td class="col0"><code>||</code></td><td class="col1">Logical OR</td><td class="col2">if( conditionA || conditionB ) ...</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    270. 

  270. 	</tr>
    271. 

  271. 	<tr class="row70">
    272. 

  272. 		<td class="col0"><code>or</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for || </td>
    273. 

  273. 	</tr>
    274. 

  274. 	<tr class="row71">
    275. 

  275. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 15</strong><br/>
    276. 

  276. (right-to-left associativity)  </td>
    277. 

  277. 	</tr>
    278. 

  278. 	<tr class="row72">
    279. 

  279. 		<td class="col0"><code>? :</code></td><td class="col1">Ternary conditional (if-then-else)</td><td class="col2">int i = (a &gt; b) ? a : b;</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    280. 

  280. 	</tr>
    281. 

  281. 	<tr class="row73">
    282. 

  282. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 16</strong><br/>
    283. 

  283. (right-to-left associativity)  </td>
    284. 

  284. 	</tr>
    285. 

  285. 	<tr class="row74">
    286. 

  286. 		<td class="col0"><code>=</code></td><td class="col1">Assignment operator</td><td class="col2">int a = b;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    287. 

  287. 	</tr>
    288. 

  288. 	<tr class="row75">
    289. 

  289. 		<td class="col0"><code>+=</code></td><td class="col1">Increment and assign</td><td class="col2">a += 3;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    290. 

  290. 	</tr>
    291. 

  291. 	<tr class="row76">
    292. 

  292. 		<td class="col0"><code>-=</code></td><td class="col1">Decrement and assign</td><td class="col2">b -= 4;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    293. 

  293. 	</tr>
    294. 

  294. 	<tr class="row77">
    295. 

  295. 		<td class="col0"><code>*=</code></td><td class="col1">Multiply and assign</td><td class="col2">a *= 5;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    296. 

  296. 	</tr>
    297. 

  297. 	<tr class="row78">
    298. 

  298. 		<td class="col0"><code>/=</code></td><td class="col1">Divide and assign</td><td class="col2">a /= 2;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    299. 

  299. 	</tr>
    300. 

  300. 	<tr class="row79">
    301. 

  301. 		<td class="col0"><code>%=</code></td><td class="col1">Modulo and assign</td><td class="col2">a %= 3;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    302. 

  302. 	</tr>
    303. 

  303. 	<tr class="row80">
    304. 

  304. 		<td class="col0"><code>&amp;=</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise AND and assign</td><td class="col2">flags &amp;= new_flags;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    305. 

  305. 	</tr>
    306. 

  306. 	<tr class="row81">
    307. 

  307. 		<td class="col0"><code>and_eq</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for &amp;= </td>
    308. 

  308. 	</tr>
    309. 

  309. 	<tr class="row82">
    310. 

  310. 		<td class="col0"><code>^=</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise exclusive or (XOR) and assign</td><td class="col2">flags ^= new_flags;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    311. 

  311. 	</tr>
    312. 

  312. 	<tr class="row83">
    313. 

  313. 		<td class="col0"><code>xor_eq</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for ^= </td>
    314. 

  314. 	</tr>
    315. 

  315. 	<tr class="row84">
    316. 

  316. 		<td class="col0"><code>|=</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise normal OR and assign</td><td class="col2">flags |= new_flags;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    317. 

  317. 	</tr>
    318. 

  318. 	<tr class="row85">
    319. 

  319. 		<td class="col0"><code>or_eq</code></td><td class="col1" colspan="3">Alternate spelling for |= </td>
    320. 

  320. 	</tr>
    321. 

  321. 	<tr class="row86">
    322. 

  322. 		<td class="col0"><code>&lt;&lt;=</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise shift left and assign</td><td class="col2">flags &lt;&lt;= 2;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    323. 

  323. 	</tr>
    324. 

  324. 	<tr class="row87">
    325. 

  325. 		<td class="col0"><code>&gt;&gt;=</code></td><td class="col1">Bitwise shift right and assign</td><td class="col2">flags &gt;&gt;= 2;</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    326. 

  326. 	</tr>
    327. 

  327. 	<tr class="row88">
    328. 

  328. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 17</strong>  </td>
    329. 

  329. 	</tr>
    330. 

  330. 	<tr class="row89">
    331. 

  331. 		<td class="col0"><code>throw</code></td><td class="col1">throw exception</td><td class="col2">throw EClass(“Message”);</td><td class="col3">NO</td>
    332. 

  332. 	</tr>
    333. 

  333. 	<tr class="row90">
    334. 

  334. 		<td class="col0 centeralign" colspan="4">  <strong>Group 18</strong>  </td>
    335. 

  335. 	</tr>
    336. 

  336. 	<tr class="row91">
    337. 

  337. 		<td class="col0"><code>,</code></td><td class="col1">Sequential evaluation operator</td><td class="col2">for( i = 0, j = 0; i &lt; 10; i++, j++ ) …</td><td class="col3">YES</td>
    338. 

  338. 	</tr>
    339. 

  339. </table></div>
    340. 

  340. <!-- EDIT2 TABLE [230-4928] -->
    341. 

  341. </div>
    342. 

  342. <!-- EDIT1 SECTION "C++ Operatör Öncelikleri" [1-4929] -->
    343. 

  343. <h2 class="sectionedit3"><a name="order_of_evaluation_and_of_side_effects" id="order_of_evaluation_and_of_side_effects">Order of Evaluation and of Side Effects</a></h2>
    344. 

  344. <div class="level2">
    345. 

  345. 

  346. <p>
    347. 

  347. 

  348. One important aspect of C++ that is related to operator precedence is the order
    349. 

  349. of evaluation and the order of side effects in expressions. In some
    350. 

  350. circumstances, the order in which things happen is not defined. For example,
    351. 

  351. consider the following code:
    352. 

  352. </p>
    353. 

  353. <pre class="cpp code cpp">    <span class="kw4">float</span> x <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    354. 

  354.     x <span class="sy1">=</span> x <span class="sy2">/</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>x<span class="sy4">;</span></pre>
    355. 

  355. <p>
    356. 

  356. The value of x is not guaranteed to be consistent across different compilers,
    357. 

  357. because it is not clear whether the computer should evaluate the left or the
    358. 

  358. right side of the division first. Depending on which side is evaluated first, x
    359. 

  359. could take a different value.
    360. 

  360. </p>
    361. 

  361. 

  362. <p>
    363. 

  363. Furthermore, while ++x evaluates to x+1, the side effect of actually storing
    364. 

  364. that new value in x could happen at different times, resulting in different
    365. 

  365. values for x.
    366. 

  366. </p>
    367. 

  367. 

  368. <p>
    369. 

  369. The bottom line is that expressions like the one above are horribly ambiguous
    370. 

  370. and should be avoided at all costs. When in doubt, break a single ambiguous
    371. 

  371. expression into multiple expressions to ensure that the order of evaluation is
    372. 

  372. correct.
    373. 

  373. 

  374. </p>
    375. 

  375. 

  376. </div>
    377. 

  377. <!-- EDIT3 SECTION "Order of Evaluation and of Side Effects" [4930-5961] -->
    378. 

  378. <h2 class="sectionedit4"><a name="overloading_of_operators" id="overloading_of_operators">Overloading of Operators</a></h2>
    379. 

  379. <div class="level2">
    380. 

  380. 

  381. <p>
    382. 

  382. 

  383. Overloading of operators can be very useful and very dangerous. On one hand
    384. 

  384. overloading operators for a class you have created can help with logistics and
    385. 

  385. readability of code. On the other you can overload an operator in such a way
    386. 

  386. it can either obfuscate or just downright break your program. Use carefully.
    387. 

  387. </p>
    388. 

  388. 

  389. <p>
    390. 

  390. There are two ways to over load an operator: global function or class member.
    391. 

  391. </p>
    392. 

  392. 

  393. <p>
    394. 

  394. Example of overloading with a global function:
    395. 

  395. 

  396. </p>
    397. 

  397. <pre class="cpp code cpp">     ostream <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> operator<span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span>ostream <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> os, <span class="kw4">const</span> myClass <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> rhs<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre>
    398. 

  398. <p>
    399. 

  399. But to be able to reach any private data within a user defined class you have to
    400. 

  400. declare the global function as a friend within the definition of the class.
    401. 

  401. </p>
    402. 

  402. 

  403. <p>
    404. 

  404. Example:
    405. 

  405. 

  406. </p>
    407. 

  407. <pre class="cpp code cpp">     <span class="kw2">class</span> myClass <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
    408. 

  408. &nbsp;
    409. 

  409.        <span class="co1">// Gives the operator&lt;&lt; function access to 'myData'</span>
    410. 

  410.        <span class="co1">// (this declaration should not go in public, private or protected)</span>
    411. 

  411.        <span class="kw2">friend</span> ostream <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> operator<span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span>ostream <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> lhs, <span class="kw4">const</span> myClass <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> rhs<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    412. 

  412. &nbsp;
    413. 

  413.        <span class="kw2">private</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
    414. 

  414.          <span class="kw4">int</span> myData<span class="sy4">;</span>
    415. 

  415.      <span class="br0">&#125;</span></pre>
    416. 

  416. <p>
    417. 

  417. Overloading with a class member can be done as follows:
    418. 

  418. 

  419. </p>
    420. 

  420. <pre class="cpp code cpp">     <span class="kw2">class</span> myClass <span class="br0">&#123;</span>
    421. 

  421. &nbsp;
    422. 

  422.        <span class="kw2">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
    423. 

  423.          <span class="co1">// The left hand side of this operator is  a pointer to 'this'.</span>
    424. 

  424.          <span class="kw4">int</span> operator<span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">const</span> myClass <span class="sy3">&amp;</span> rhs<span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    425. 

  425. &nbsp;
    426. 

  426.        <span class="kw2">private</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
    427. 

  427.          <span class="kw4">int</span> myData<span class="sy4">;</span>
    428. 

  428.      <span class="br0">&#125;</span></pre>
    429. 

  429. </div>
    430. 

  430. <!-- EDIT4 SECTION "Overloading of Operators" [5962-] --></div>
    431. 

  431. </body>
    432. 

  432. </html>
    433.