PageRenderTime 29ms CodeModel.GetById 0ms RepoModel.GetById 0ms app.codeStats 0ms

/www.cppreference.com/wiki/tw/data_types

https://github.com/tsgates/cclookup
#! | 390 lines | 364 code | 26 blank | 0 comment | 0 complexity | 24863f96cbbb3edaf7c3ee56ce84140e MD5 | raw file
    

  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    2. 

  2.  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    3. 

  3. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="tw"
    4. 

  4.  lang="tw" dir="ltr">
    5. 

  5. <head>
    6. 

  6.   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    7. 

  7.   <title>tw:data_types</title>
    8. 

  8. <meta name="generator" content="DokuWiki" />
    9. 

  9. <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />
    10. 

  10. <meta name="date" content="2010-11-10T21:49:03-0800" />
    11. 

  11. <meta name="keywords" content="tw,data_types" />
    12. 

  12. <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/lib/exe/opensearch.php" title="C++ Reference" />
    13. 

  13. <link rel="start" href="../../index.html" />
    14. 

  14. <link rel="contents" href="http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/tw/data_types?do=index" title="Sitemap" />
    15. 

  15. <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Recent Changes" href="http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/feed.php" />
    16. 

  16. <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Current Namespace" href="http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/feed.php?mode=list&amp;ns=tw" />
    17. 

  17. <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Plain HTML" href="http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/_export/xhtml/tw/data_types" />
    18. 

  18. <link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Wiki Markup" href="http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/_export/raw/tw/data_types" />
    19. 

  19. <link rel="canonical" href="data_types" />
    20. 

  20. <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" href="../lib/exe/css.php@t=custom1&amp;tseed=1289693594" />
    21. 

  21. <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" href="../lib/exe/css.php@s=all&amp;t=custom1&amp;tseed=1289693594" />
    22. 

  22. <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" href="../lib/exe/css.php@s=print&amp;t=custom1&amp;tseed=1289693594" />
    23. 

  23. <script type="text/javascript" ><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
    24. 

  24. var NS='tw';var JSINFO = {"id":"tw:data_types","namespace":"tw"};
    25. 

  25. //--><!]]></script>
    26. 

  26. <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="../lib/exe/js.php@tseed=1289693594" ></script>
    27. 

  27. </head>
    28. 

  28. <body>
    29. 

  29. <div class="dokuwiki export">
    30. 

  30. <!-- TOC START -->
    31. 

  31. <div class="toc">
    32. 

  32. <div class="tocheader toctoggle" id="toc__header">Table of Contents</div>
    33. 

  33. <div id="toc__inside">
    34. 

  34. 

  35. <ul class="toc">
    36. 

  36. <li class="clear">
    37. 

  37. 

  38. <ul class="toc">
    39. 

  39. <li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="data_types#c_資料型態" class="toc">C++ 資料型態</a></span></div>
    40. 

  40. <ul class="toc">
    41. 

  41. <li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="data_types#type_modifiers" class="toc">Type Modifiers</a></span></div></li>
    42. 

  42. <li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="data_types#type_sizes_and_ranges" class="toc">Type Sizes and Ranges</a></span></div></li>
    43. 

  43. <li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="data_types#reading_type_declarations" class="toc">Reading Type Declarations</a></span></div></li></ul>
    44. 

  44. </li></ul>
    45. 

  45. </li></ul>
    46. 

  46. </div>
    47. 

  47. </div>
    48. 

  48. <!-- TOC END -->
    49. 

  49. 

  50. <h2 class="sectionedit1"><a name="c_資料型態" id="c_資料型態">C++ 資料型態</a></h2>
    51. 

  51. <div class="level2">
    52. 

  52. 

  53. <p>
    54. 

  54. C++ programmers have access to the five data types for C: void, int, float, double, and char.
    55. 

  55. 

  56. </p>
    57. 

  57. <div class="table sectionedit2"><table class="inline">
    58. 

  58. 	<tr class="row0">
    59. 

  59. 		<th class="col0">型態(Type)</th><th class="col1">描述(Description)</th>
    60. 

  60. 	</tr>
    61. 

  61. 	<tr class="row1">
    62. 

  62. 		<td class="col0"><code>void</code></td><td class="col1">無資料型態(但是如為 void* 這種指標時, 則為泛用指標)</td>
    63. 

  63. 	</tr>
    64. 

  64. 	<tr class="row2">
    65. 

  65. 		<td class="col0"><code>int</code></td><td class="col1">整數</td>
    66. 

  66. 	</tr>
    67. 

  67. 	<tr class="row3">
    68. 

  68. 		<td class="col0"><code>float</code></td><td class="col1">浮點數</td>
    69. 

  69. 	</tr>
    70. 

  70. 	<tr class="row4">
    71. 

  71. 		<td class="col0"><code>double</code></td><td class="col1">雙精度浮點數</td>
    72. 

  72. 	</tr>
    73. 

  73. 	<tr class="row5">
    74. 

  74. 		<td class="col0"><code>char</code></td><td class="col1">字元</td>
    75. 

  75. 	</tr>
    76. 

  76. </table></div>
    77. 

  77. <!-- EDIT2 TABLE [123-329] -->
    78. 

  78. <p>
    79. 

  79. 

  80. In addition, C++ defines two more: <code>bool</code> and <code>wchar_t</code>.
    81. 

  81. 

  82. </p>
    83. 

  83. <div class="table sectionedit3"><table class="inline">
    84. 

  84. 	<tr class="row0">
    85. 

  85. 		<th class="col0">型態(Type)</th><th class="col1">描述(Description)</th>
    86. 

  86. 	</tr>
    87. 

  87. 	<tr class="row1">
    88. 

  88. 		<td class="col0"><code>bool</code></td><td class="col1">邏輯值, true or false</td>
    89. 

  89. 	</tr>
    90. 

  90. 	<tr class="row2">
    91. 

  91. 		<td class="col0"><code>wchar_t</code></td><td class="col1">Unicode字元(wide character)</td>
    92. 

  92. 	</tr>
    93. 

  93. </table></div>
    94. 

  94. <!-- EDIT3 TABLE [393-507] -->
    95. 

  95. </div>
    96. 

  96. <!-- EDIT1 SECTION "C++ 資料型態" [1-508] -->
    97. 

  97. <h3 class="sectionedit4"><a name="type_modifiers" id="type_modifiers">Type Modifiers</a></h3>
    98. 

  98. <div class="level3">
    99. 

  99. 

  100. <p>
    101. 

  101. 

  102. Several of these types can be modified using the keywords <code>signed</code>, <code>unsigned</code>, <code>short</code>, and <code>long</code>.  When one of these type modifiers is used by itself, a data type of <code>int</code> is assumed. A complete list of possible data types follows (equivalent types are displayed in the same row):
    103. 

  103. 

  104. </p>
    105. 

  105. <div class="table sectionedit5"><table class="inline">
    106. 

  106. 	<tr class="row0">
    107. 

  107. 		<th class="col0" colspan="4">integer types</th>
    108. 

  108. 	</tr>
    109. 

  109. 	<tr class="row1">
    110. 

  110. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>bool</code></td>
    111. 

  111. 	</tr>
    112. 

  112. 	<tr class="row2">
    113. 

  113. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>char</code></td>
    114. 

  114. 	</tr>
    115. 

  115. 	<tr class="row3">
    116. 

  116. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>signed char</code></td>
    117. 

  117. 	</tr>
    118. 

  118. 	<tr class="row4">
    119. 

  119. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>unsigned char</code></td>
    120. 

  120. 	</tr>
    121. 

  121. 	<tr class="row5">
    122. 

  122. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>wchar_t</code></td>
    123. 

  123. 	</tr>
    124. 

  124. 	<tr class="row6">
    125. 

  125. 		<td class="col0"><code>short</code></td><td class="col1"><code>short int</code></td><td class="col2"><code>signed short</code></td><td class="col3"><code>signed short int</code></td>
    126. 

  126. 	</tr>
    127. 

  127. 	<tr class="row7">
    128. 

  128. 		<td class="col0" colspan="2"><code>unsigned short</code></td><td class="col2" colspan="2"><code>unsigned short int</code></td>
    129. 

  129. 	</tr>
    130. 

  130. 	<tr class="row8">
    131. 

  131. 		<td class="col0"><code>int</code></td><td class="col1"><code>signed</code></td><td class="col2" colspan="2"><code>signed int</code></td>
    132. 

  132. 	</tr>
    133. 

  133. 	<tr class="row9">
    134. 

  134. 		<td class="col0" colspan="2"><code>unsigned</code></td><td class="col2" colspan="2"><code>unsigned int</code></td>
    135. 

  135. 	</tr>
    136. 

  136. 	<tr class="row10">
    137. 

  137. 		<td class="col0"><code>long</code></td><td class="col1"><code>long int</code></td><td class="col2"><code>signed long</code></td><td class="col3"><code>signed long int</code></td>
    138. 

  138. 	</tr>
    139. 

  139. 	<tr class="row11">
    140. 

  140. 		<td class="col0" colspan="2"><code>unsigned long</code></td><td class="col2" colspan="2"><code>unsigned long int</code></td>
    141. 

  141. 	</tr>
    142. 

  142. 	<tr class="row12">
    143. 

  143. 		<th class="col0" colspan="4">floating point types</th>
    144. 

  144. 	</tr>
    145. 

  145. 	<tr class="row13">
    146. 

  146. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>float</code></td>
    147. 

  147. 	</tr>
    148. 

  148. 	<tr class="row14">
    149. 

  149. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>double</code></td>
    150. 

  150. 	</tr>
    151. 

  151. 	<tr class="row15">
    152. 

  152. 		<td class="col0" colspan="4"><code>long double</code></td>
    153. 

  153. 	</tr>
    154. 

  154. 	<tr class="row16">
    155. 

  155. 		<th class="col0" colspan="4">optionally supported integer types</th>
    156. 

  156. 	</tr>
    157. 

  157. 	<tr class="row17">
    158. 

  158. 		<td class="col0"><code>long long</code></td><td class="col1"><code>long long int</code></td><td class="col2"><code>signed long long</code></td><td class="col3"><code>signed long long int</code></td>
    159. 

  159. 	</tr>
    160. 

  160. 	<tr class="row18">
    161. 

  161. 		<td class="col0" colspan="2"><code>unsigned long long</code></td><td class="col2" colspan="2"><code>unsigned long long in</code>t</td>
    162. 

  162. 	</tr>
    163. 

  163. </table></div>
    164. 

  164. <!-- EDIT5 TABLE [828-1472] -->
    165. 

  165. </div>
    166. 

  166. <!-- EDIT4 SECTION "Type Modifiers" [509-1473] -->
    167. 

  167. <h3 class="sectionedit6"><a name="type_sizes_and_ranges" id="type_sizes_and_ranges">Type Sizes and Ranges</a></h3>
    168. 

  168. <div class="level3">
    169. 

  169. 

  170. <p>
    171. 

  171. 

  172. The size and range of any data type is compiler and architecture dependent. You can use the <a href="../keywords/sizeof" class="wikilink1" title="keywords:sizeof">sizeof</a> operator to determine the
    173. 

  173. size of any data type (frequently expressed as a number of bytes). However, many architectures implement data types of a standard size. <code>ints</code> and <code>floats</code> are often 32-bit, chars 8-bit, and
    174. 

  174. <code>doubles</code> are usually 64-bit. <code>bools</code> are often implemented as 8-bit data types.
    175. 

  175. <code>long long</code> type is 64-bit. The “cfloat” (or “float.h”) header file defines the ranges for the floating types, the
    176. 

  176. “climits” (or “limits.h”) - for the integer types.
    177. 

  177. </p>
    178. 

  178. 

  179. <p>
    180. 

  180. Limits for numeric values are defined in the &lt;limits&gt; header. The templated values of <a href="../limits/numeric_limits" class="wikilink1" title="limits:numeric_limits">numeric_limits</a> provide system-dependant numerical representations of the C++ data types. Use the appropriate function given the data type as the template argument as shown in the table below. Note that numeric_limits can be overloaded for user-defined types as well.
    181. 

  181. 

  182. </p>
    183. 

  183. <div class="table sectionedit7"><table class="inline">
    184. 

  184. 	<tr class="row0">
    185. 

  185. 		<th class="col0"> Method or Constant </th><th class="col1"> Return </th><th class="col2"> Description </th>
    186. 

  186. 	</tr>
    187. 

  187. 	<tr class="row1">
    188. 

  188. 		<td class="col0">is_specialized</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    189. 

  189. 	</tr>
    190. 

  190. 	<tr class="row2">
    191. 

  191. 		<td class="col0">radix</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2">base of exponent</td>
    192. 

  192. 	</tr>
    193. 

  193. 	<tr class="row3">
    194. 

  194. 		<td class="col0">digits</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2">number of radix digits in mantissa</td>
    195. 

  195. 	</tr>
    196. 

  196. 	<tr class="row4">
    197. 

  197. 		<td class="col0">digits10</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2">number of base 10 digits in mantissa</td>
    198. 

  198. 	</tr>
    199. 

  199. 	<tr class="row5">
    200. 

  200. 		<td class="col0">is_signed</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    201. 

  201. 	</tr>
    202. 

  202. 	<tr class="row6">
    203. 

  203. 		<td class="col0">is_integer</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    204. 

  204. 	</tr>
    205. 

  205. 	<tr class="row7">
    206. 

  206. 		<td class="col0">is_exact</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    207. 

  207. 	</tr>
    208. 

  208. 	<tr class="row8">
    209. 

  209. 		<td class="col0">min()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2">smallest number that can be respresented (not the most negative)</td>
    210. 

  210. 	</tr>
    211. 

  211. 	<tr class="row9">
    212. 

  212. 		<td class="col0">max()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2">largest number</td>
    213. 

  213. 	</tr>
    214. 

  214. 	<tr class="row10">
    215. 

  215. 		<td class="col0">epsilon()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2">inherent representation error value</td>
    216. 

  216. 	</tr>
    217. 

  217. 	<tr class="row11">
    218. 

  218. 		<td class="col0">round_error()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2">maximum rounding adjustment possible</td>
    219. 

  219. 	</tr>
    220. 

  220. 	<tr class="row12">
    221. 

  221. 		<td class="col0">infinity()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    222. 

  222. 	</tr>
    223. 

  223. 	<tr class="row13">
    224. 

  224. 		<td class="col0">quiet_NaN()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2">invalid number that does not signal floating point error</td>
    225. 

  225. 	</tr>
    226. 

  226. 	<tr class="row14">
    227. 

  227. 		<td class="col0">signaling_NaN()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2">invalid number that signals floating point error</td>
    228. 

  228. 	</tr>
    229. 

  229. 	<tr class="row15">
    230. 

  230. 		<td class="col0">denorm_min()</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    231. 

  231. 	</tr>
    232. 

  232. 	<tr class="row16">
    233. 

  233. 		<td class="col0">min_exponent</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    234. 

  234. 	</tr>
    235. 

  235. 	<tr class="row17">
    236. 

  236. 		<td class="col0">min_exponent10</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    237. 

  237. 	</tr>
    238. 

  238. 	<tr class="row18">
    239. 

  239. 		<td class="col0">max_exponent</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    240. 

  240. 	</tr>
    241. 

  241. 	<tr class="row19">
    242. 

  242. 		<td class="col0">max_exponent10</td><td class="col1">int</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    243. 

  243. 	</tr>
    244. 

  244. 	<tr class="row20">
    245. 

  245. 		<td class="col0">has_infinity</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    246. 

  246. 	</tr>
    247. 

  247. 	<tr class="row21">
    248. 

  248. 		<td class="col0">has_quiet_NaN</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    249. 

  249. 	</tr>
    250. 

  250. 	<tr class="row22">
    251. 

  251. 		<td class="col0">has_signaling_NaN</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    252. 

  252. 	</tr>
    253. 

  253. 	<tr class="row23">
    254. 

  254. 		<td class="col0">has_denorm</td><td class="col1">&lt;type&gt;_denorm_style</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    255. 

  255. 	</tr>
    256. 

  256. 	<tr class="row24">
    257. 

  257. 		<td class="col0">has_denorm_loss</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    258. 

  258. 	</tr>
    259. 

  259. 	<tr class="row25">
    260. 

  260. 		<td class="col0">is_iec559</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2">conforms to IEC-559</td>
    261. 

  261. 	</tr>
    262. 

  262. 	<tr class="row26">
    263. 

  263. 		<td class="col0">is_bounded</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    264. 

  264. 	</tr>
    265. 

  265. 	<tr class="row27">
    266. 

  266. 		<td class="col0">is_modulo</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    267. 

  267. 	</tr>
    268. 

  268. 	<tr class="row28">
    269. 

  269. 		<td class="col0">traps</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    270. 

  270. 	</tr>
    271. 

  271. 	<tr class="row29">
    272. 

  272. 		<td class="col0">tinyness_before</td><td class="col1">bool</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    273. 

  273. 	</tr>
    274. 

  274. 	<tr class="row30">
    275. 

  275. 		<td class="col0">round_style</td><td class="col1">float_round_style { round_to_nearest, … }</td><td class="col2"> </td>
    276. 

  276. 	</tr>
    277. 

  277. </table></div>
    278. 

  278. <!-- EDIT7 TABLE [2457-3531] -->
    279. 

  279. <p>
    280. 

  280. 

  281. The most common usage is in bounds checking, to determine the minimum and maximum values a data type can hold. The following code prints out the minimum and maximum values for a short on the system it is run.
    282. 

  282. 

  283. </p>
    284. 

  284. <pre class="cpp code cpp">  <span class="co2">#include &lt;limits&gt;</span>
    285. 

  285.   std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="kw3">cout</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;Maximum short value: &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">numeric_limits</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">short</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">max</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">endl</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    286. 

  286.   std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="kw3">cout</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="st0">&quot;Minimum short value: &quot;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">numeric_limits</span><span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">short</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">min</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span> std<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">endl</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre>
    287. 

  287. </div>
    288. 

  288. <!-- EDIT6 SECTION "Type Sizes and Ranges" [1474-3957] -->
    289. 

  289. <h3 class="sectionedit8"><a name="reading_type_declarations" id="reading_type_declarations">Reading Type Declarations</a></h3>
    290. 

  290. <div class="level3">
    291. 

  291. 

  292. <p>
    293. 

  293. 

  294. Simple type declarations are easy to understand:
    295. 

  295. </p>
    296. 

  296. <pre class="cpp code cpp">  <span class="kw4">int</span> i</pre>
    297. 

  297. <p>
    298. 

  298. However, it can be tricky to parse more complicated type declarations:
    299. 

  299. </p>
    300. 

  300. <pre class="cpp code cpp">  <span class="kw4">double</span> <span class="sy2">**</span>d<span class="br0">&#91;</span><span class="nu0">8</span><span class="br0">&#93;</span>              <span class="co1">// hmm...</span>
    301. 

  301.   <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="sy2">**</span>foo <span class="br0">&#91;</span><span class="br0">&#93;</span><span class="br0">&#91;</span><span class="nu0">8</span><span class="br0">&#93;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="br0">&#91;</span><span class="br0">&#93;</span> <span class="co1">// augh! what is foo?</span></pre>
    302. 

  302. <p>
    303. 

  303. To understand the above declarations, follow three rules:
    304. 

  304. 

  305. </p>
    306. 

  306. <ol>
    307. 

  307. <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Start at the variable name (<code>d</code> or <code>foo</code> in the examples above)</div>
    308. 

  308. </li>
    309. 

  309. <li class="level1"><div class="li"> End with the data type (<code>double</code> or <code>char</code> above)</div>
    310. 

  310. </li>
    311. 

  311. <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Go right when you can, and left when you must.  (Grouping parentheses can cause you to bounce left.)</div>
    312. 

  312. </li>
    313. 

  313. </ol>
    314. 

  314. 

  315. <p>
    316. 

  316. 

  317. For example:
    318. 

  318. 

  319. </p>
    320. 

  320. <div class="table sectionedit9"><table class="inline">
    321. 

  321. 	<tr class="row0">
    322. 

  322. 		<th class="col0">Expression</th><th class="col1">Meaning</th>
    323. 

  323. 	</tr>
    324. 

  324. 	<tr class="row1">
    325. 

  325. 		<td class="col0"> <code>double **d[8];</code> </td><td class="col1"> </td>
    326. 

  326. 	</tr>
    327. 

  327. 	<tr class="row2">
    328. 

  328. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>double</del> **<del>d</del>[8];</code> </td><td class="col1"> <strong>d is … double</strong> </td>
    329. 

  329. 	</tr>
    330. 

  330. 	<tr class="row3">
    331. 

  331. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>double</del> **<del>d[8]</del>;</code> </td><td class="col1"> d is <strong>an array of 8</strong> … double </td>
    332. 

  332. 	</tr>
    333. 

  333. 	<tr class="row4">
    334. 

  334. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>double</del> *<del>*d[8]</del>;</code> </td><td class="col1"> d is an array of 8 <strong>pointer to</strong> … double </td>
    335. 

  335. 	</tr>
    336. 

  336. 	<tr class="row5">
    337. 

  337. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>double **d[8]</del>;</code> </td><td class="col1"> d is an array of 8 pointer to <strong>pointer to</strong> double </td>
    338. 

  338. 	</tr>
    339. 

  339. </table></div>
    340. 

  340. <!-- EDIT9 TABLE [4554-4943] -->
    341. 

  341. <p>
    342. 

  342. 

  343. Another example:
    344. 

  344. 

  345. </p>
    346. 

  346. <div class="table sectionedit10"><table class="inline">
    347. 

  347. 	<tr class="row0">
    348. 

  348. 		<th class="col0">Expression</th><th class="col1">Meaning</th>
    349. 

  349. 	</tr>
    350. 

  350. 	<tr class="row1">
    351. 

  351. 		<td class="col0"> <code>char *(*(**foo [][8])())[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> </td>
    352. 

  352. 	</tr>
    353. 

  353. 	<tr class="row2">
    354. 

  354. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *(*(**<del>foo</del> [][8])())[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> <strong>foo is … char</strong> </td>
    355. 

  355. 	</tr>
    356. 

  356. 	<tr class="row3">
    357. 

  357. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *(*(**<del>foo []</del>[8])())[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is <strong>an array of</strong> … char </td>
    358. 

  358. 	</tr>
    359. 

  359. 	<tr class="row4">
    360. 

  360. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *(*(**<del>foo [][8]</del>)())[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of <strong>an array of 8</strong> … char </td>
    361. 

  361. 	</tr>
    362. 

  362. 	<tr class="row5">
    363. 

  363. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *(*(*<del>*foo [][8]</del>)())[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of an array of 8 <strong>pointer to</strong> … char </td>
    364. 

  364. 	</tr>
    365. 

  365. 	<tr class="row6">
    366. 

  366. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *(*<del>(**foo [][8])</del>())[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of an array of 8 pointer to <strong>pointer to</strong> … char </td>
    367. 

  367. 	</tr>
    368. 

  368. 	<tr class="row7">
    369. 

  369. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *(*<del>(**foo [][8])()</del>)[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of an array of 8 pointer to pointer to <strong>function returning</strong> … char </td>
    370. 

  370. 	</tr>
    371. 

  371. 	<tr class="row8">
    372. 

  372. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *<del>(*(**foo [][8])())</del>[]</code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of an array of 8 pointer to pointer to function returning <strong>pointer to</strong> … char </td>
    373. 

  373. 	</tr>
    374. 

  374. 	<tr class="row9">
    375. 

  375. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char</del> *<del>(*(**foo [][8])())[]</del></code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of an array of 8 pointer to pointer to function returning pointer to <strong>array of</strong> … char </td>
    376. 

  376. 	</tr>
    377. 

  377. 	<tr class="row10">
    378. 

  378. 		<td class="col0"> <code><del>char *(*(**foo [][8])())[]</del></code> </td><td class="col1"> foo is an array of an array of 8 pointer to pointer to function returning pointer to array of <strong>pointer to</strong> char </td>
    379. 

  379. 	</tr>
    380. 

  380. </table></div>
    381. 

  381. <!-- EDIT10 TABLE [4963-6205] -->
    382. 

  382. <p>
    383. 

  383. 

  384. For a much more detailed explanation, see Steve Friedl&#039;s excellent description of how to read C declarations at <a href="http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/reading-cdecl.html" class="urlextern" title="http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/reading-cdecl.html"  rel="nofollow">http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/reading-cdecl.html</a> <a href="http://essaywritingservices.org/book-report.php" class="urlextern" title="http://essaywritingservices.org/book-report.php"  rel="nofollow">online book reports</a> <a href="http://cvresumewriters.com/onlineresume.php" class="urlextern" title="http://cvresumewriters.com/onlineresume.php"  rel="nofollow">certified resume writers</a>.
    385. 

  385. </p>
    386. 

  386. 

  387. </div>
    388. 

  388. <!-- EDIT8 SECTION "Reading Type Declarations" [3958-] --></div>
    389. 

  389. </body>
    390. 

  390. </html>
    391. 

  391.