/indra/llmessage/llhttpnode.h

/** 
 * @file llhttpnode.h
 * @brief Declaration of classes for generic HTTP/LSL/REST handling.
 *
 * $LicenseInfo:firstyear=2006&license=viewerlgpl$
 * Second Life Viewer Source Code
 * Copyright (C) 2010, Linden Research, Inc.
 * 
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
 * version 2.1 of the License only.
 * 
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 * 
 * Linden Research, Inc., 945 Battery Street, San Francisco, CA  94111  USA
 * $/LicenseInfo$
 */

#ifndef LL_LLHTTPNODE_H
#define LL_LLHTTPNODE_H

#include "llpointer.h"
#include "llrefcount.h"
#include "llsd.h"

class LLChainIOFactory;

/**
 * These classes represent the HTTP framework: The URL tree, and the LLSD
 * REST interface that such nodes implement.
 * 
 * To implement a service, in most cases, subclass LLHTTPNode, implement
 * get() or post(), and create a global instance of LLHTTPRegistration<>.
 * This can all be done in a .cpp file, with no publically declared parts.
 * 
 * To implement a server see lliohttpserver.h
 * @see LLHTTPWireServer
 */

/** 
 * @class LLHTTPNode
 * @brief Base class which handles url traversal, response routing
 * and support for standard LLSD services
 *
 * Users of the HTTP responder will typically derive a class from this
 * one, implement the get(), put() and/or post() methods, and then
 * use LLHTTPRegistration to insert it into the URL tree.
 *
 * The default implementation handles servicing the request and creating
 * the pipe fittings needed to read the headers, manage them, convert
 * to and from LLSD, etc.
 */
class LLHTTPNode
{
public:
	LLHTTPNode();
	virtual ~LLHTTPNode();

	/** @name Responses
		Most subclasses override one or more of these methods to provide
		the service.  By default, the rest of the LLHTTPNode architecture
		will handle requests, create the needed LLIOPump, parse the input
		to LLSD, and format the LLSD result to the output.
		
		The default implementation of each of these is to call
		response->methodNotAllowed();  The "simple" versions can be
		overridden instead in those cases where the service can return
		an immediately computed response.
	*/
	//@{
public:	

	virtual LLSD simpleGet() const;
	virtual LLSD simplePut(const LLSD& input) const;
	virtual LLSD simplePost(const LLSD& input) const;
	virtual LLSD simpleDel(const LLSD& context) const;

	/**
	* @brief Abstract Base Class declaring Response interface.
	*/
	class Response : public LLRefCount
	{
	protected:
		virtual ~Response();

	public:
		/**
		* @brief Return the LLSD content and a 200 OK.
		*/
		virtual void result(const LLSD&) = 0;

		/**
		 * @brief return status code and message with headers.
		 */
		virtual void extendedResult(S32 code, const std::string& message, const LLSD& headers) = 0;

		/**
		 * @brief return status code and reason string on http header,
		 * but do not return a payload.
		 */
		virtual void status(S32 code, const std::string& message) = 0;

		/**
		* @brief Return no body, just status code and 'UNKNOWN ERROR'.
		*/
		virtual void statusUnknownError(S32 code);

		virtual void notFound(const std::string& message);
		virtual void notFound();
		virtual void methodNotAllowed();

		/**
		* @breif Add a name: value http header.
		*
		* No effort is made to ensure the response is a valid http
		* header.
		* The headers are stored as a map of header name : value.
		* Though HTTP allows the same header name to be transmitted
		* more than once, this implementation only stores a header
		* name once.
		* @param name The name of the header, eg, "Content-Encoding"
		* @param value The value of the header, eg, "gzip"
		*/
		virtual void addHeader(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);

	protected:
		/**
		* @brief Headers to be sent back with the HTTP response.
		*
		* Protected class membership since derived classes are
		* expected to use it and there is no use case yet for other
		* uses. If such a use case arises, I suggest making a
		* headers() public method, and moving this member data into
		* private.
		*/
		LLSD mHeaders;
	};

	typedef LLPointer<Response> ResponsePtr;

	virtual void get(ResponsePtr, const LLSD& context) const;
	virtual void put(
		ResponsePtr,
		const LLSD& context,
		const LLSD& input) const;
	virtual void post(
		ResponsePtr,
		const LLSD& context,
		const LLSD& input) const;
	virtual void del(ResponsePtr, const LLSD& context) const;
	virtual void options(ResponsePtr, const LLSD& context) const;
	//@}
	

	/** @name URL traversal
		 The tree is traversed by calling getChild() with successive
		 path components, on successive results.  When getChild() returns
		 null, or there are no more components, the last child responds to
		 the request.
		 
		 The default behavior is generally correct, though wildcard nodes
		 will want to implement validate().
	*/
	//@{
public:
	virtual LLHTTPNode* getChild(const std::string& name, LLSD& context) const;
		/**< returns a child node, if any, at the given name
			 default looks at children and wildcard child (see below)
		*/
		
	virtual bool handles(const LLSD& remainder, LLSD& context) const;
		/**< return true if this node can service the remaining components;
			 default returns true if there are no remaining components
		*/
		
	virtual bool validate(const std::string& name, LLSD& context) const;
		/**< called only on wildcard nodes, to check if they will handle
			 the name;	default is false;  overrides will want to check
			 name, and return true if the name will construct to a valid url.
			 For convenience, the <code>getChild()</code> method above will
			 automatically insert the name in
			 context["request"]["wildcard"][key] if this method returns true.
			 For example, the node "agent/<agent_id>/detail" will set
			 context["request"]["wildcard"]["agent_id"] eqaul to the value 
			 found during traversal.
		*/
		
	const LLHTTPNode* traverse(const std::string& path, LLSD& context) const;
		/**< find a node, if any, that can service this path
			 set up context["request"] information 
 		*/
 	//@}
 
	/** @name Child Nodes
		 The standard node can have any number of child nodes under
		 fixed names, and optionally one "wildcard" node that can
		 handle all other names.
		 
		 Usually, child nodes are add through LLHTTPRegistration, not
		 by calling this interface directly.
		 
		 The added node will be now owned by the parent node.
	*/
	//@{
	
	virtual void addNode(const std::string& path, LLHTTPNode* nodeToAdd);

	LLSD allNodePaths() const;
		///< Returns an arrary of node paths at and under this node

	const LLHTTPNode* rootNode() const;
	const LLHTTPNode* findNode(const std::string& name) const;


	enum EHTTPNodeContentType
	{
		CONTENT_TYPE_LLSD,
		CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT
	};

	virtual EHTTPNodeContentType getContentType() const { return CONTENT_TYPE_LLSD; }
	//@}

	/* @name Description system
		The Description object contains information about a service.
		All subclasses of LLHTTPNode should override describe() and use
		the methods of the Description class to set the various properties.
	 */
	//@{
		class Description
		{
		public:
			void shortInfo(const std::string& s){ mInfo["description"] = s; }
			void longInfo(const std::string& s)	{ mInfo["details"] = s; }

			// Call this method when the service supports the specified verb.
			void getAPI() { mInfo["api"].append("GET"); }
			void putAPI() { mInfo["api"].append("PUT");  }
			void postAPI() { mInfo["api"].append("POST"); }
			void delAPI() { mInfo["api"].append("DELETE"); }

			void input(const std::string& s)	{ mInfo["input"] = s; }
			void output(const std::string& s)	{ mInfo["output"] = s; }
			void source(const char* f, int l)	{ mInfo["__file__"] = f;
												  mInfo["__line__"] = l; }
			
			LLSD getInfo() const { return mInfo; }
			
		private:
			LLSD mInfo;
		};
	
	virtual void describe(Description&) const;
	
	//@}
	
	
	virtual const LLChainIOFactory* getProtocolHandler() const;
		/**< Return a factory object for handling wire protocols.
		 *   The base class returns NULL, as it doesn't know about
		 *   wire protocols at all.  This is okay for most nodes
		 *   as LLIOHTTPServer is smart enough to use a default
		 *   wire protocol for HTTP for such nodes.  Specialized
		 *   subclasses that handle things like XML-RPC will want
		 *   to implement this.  (See LLXMLSDRPCServerFactory.)
		 */

private:
	class Impl;
	Impl& impl;
};



class LLSimpleResponse : public LLHTTPNode::Response
{
public:
	static LLPointer<LLSimpleResponse> create();
	
	void result(const LLSD& result);
	void extendedResult(S32 code, const std::string& body, const LLSD& headers);
	
	void status(S32 code, const std::string& message);

	void print(std::ostream& out) const;

	S32 mCode;
	std::string mMessage;

protected:
	~LLSimpleResponse();

private:
        LLSimpleResponse() : mCode(0) {} // Must be accessed through LLPointer.
};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const LLSimpleResponse& resp);



/** 
 * @name Automatic LLHTTPNode registration 
 *
 * To register a node type at a particular url path, construct a global instance
 * of LLHTTPRegistration:
 *
 *		LLHTTPRegistration<LLMyNodeType> gHTTPServiceAlphaBeta("/alpha/beta");
 *
 * (Note the naming convention carefully.)  This object must be global and not
 * static.  However, it needn't be declared in your .h file.  It can exist
 * solely in the .cpp file.  The same is true of your subclass of LLHTTPNode:
 * it can be declared and defined wholly within the .cpp file.
 *
 * When constructing a web server, use LLHTTPRegistrar to add all the registered
 * nodes to the url tree:
 *
 *		LLHTTPRegistrar::buidlAllServices(mRootNode);
 */
//@{

class LLHTTPRegistrar
{
public:
	class NodeFactory
	{
	public:
		virtual ~NodeFactory();
		virtual LLHTTPNode* build() const = 0;
	};

	static void buildAllServices(LLHTTPNode& root);

	static void registerFactory(const std::string& path, NodeFactory& factory);
		///< construct an LLHTTPRegistration below to call this
};

template < class NodeType >
class LLHTTPRegistration
{
public:
	LLHTTPRegistration(const std::string& path)
	{
		LLHTTPRegistrar::registerFactory(path, mFactory);
	}

private:
	class ThisNodeFactory : public LLHTTPRegistrar::NodeFactory
	{
	public:
		virtual LLHTTPNode* build() const { return new NodeType; }
	};
	
	ThisNodeFactory	mFactory;	
};

template < class NodeType>
class LLHTTPParamRegistration
{
public:
	LLHTTPParamRegistration(const std::string& path, LLSD params) :
		mFactory(params)
	{
		LLHTTPRegistrar::registerFactory(path, mFactory);
	}

private:
	class ThisNodeFactory : public LLHTTPRegistrar::NodeFactory
	{
	public:
		ThisNodeFactory(LLSD params) : mParams(params) {}
		virtual LLHTTPNode* build() const { return new NodeType(mParams); }
	private:
		LLSD mParams;
	};
	
	ThisNodeFactory	mFactory;	
};
	
//@}

#endif // LL_LLHTTPNODE_H