/wrfv2_fire/phys/module_sf_noah_seaice.F
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- MODULE module_sf_noah_seaice
- USE module_model_constants, only : CP, R_D, XLF, XLV, RHOWATER, STBOLT
- use module_sf_noahlsm, only : RD, SIGMA, CPH2O, CPICE, LSUBF, EMISSI_S, &
- & HSTEP
- PUBLIC SFLX_SEAICE
- PRIVATE CSNOW
- PRIVATE HRTICE
- PRIVATE PENMAN
- PRIVATE SHFLX
- PRIVATE SNOPAC
- PRIVATE SNOWPACK
- PRIVATE SNOWZ0
- PRIVATE SNOW_NEW
- INTEGER, PRIVATE :: ILOC
- INTEGER, PRIVATE :: JLOC
- REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: TFREEZ = 273.15
- !
- CONTAINS
- !
- SUBROUTINE SFLX_SEAICE (IILOC, JJLOC, SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT, & !C
- & FFROZP,DT,ZLVL,NSOIL, & !C
- & LWDN,SOLNET,SFCPRS,PRCP,SFCTMP,Q2, & !F
- & TH2,Q2SAT,DQSDT2, & !I
- & ALB, SNOALB,TBOT, Z0BRD, Z0, EMISSI, & !S
- & T1,STC,SNOWH,SNEQV,ALBEDO, CH, & !H
- & ETA,SHEAT,ETA_KINEMATIC,FDOWN, & !O
- & ESNOW,DEW,ETP,SSOIL,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3, & !O
- & SNOMLT,SNCOVR, & !O
- & RUNOFF1,Q1,RIBB)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBROUTINE SFLX_SEAICE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUB-DRIVER FOR "Noah LSM" FAMILY OF PHYSICS SUBROUTINES FOR A SEA-ICE
- ! LAND-SURFACE MODEL TO UPDATE ICE TEMPERATURE, SKIN TEMPERATURE,
- ! SNOWPACK WATER CONTENT, SNOWDEPTH, AND ALL TERMS OF THE SURFACE ENERGY
- ! BALANCE (EXCLUDING INPUT ATMOSPHERIC FORCINGS OF DOWNWARD RADIATION
- ! AND PRECIP)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SFLX_SEAICE ARGUMENT LIST KEY:
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! C CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
- ! F FORCING DATA
- ! I OTHER (INPUT) FORCING DATA
- ! S SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS
- ! H HISTORY (STATE) VARIABLES
- ! O OUTPUT VARIABLES
- ! D DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 1. CONFIGURATION INFORMATION (C):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! DT TIMESTEP (SEC) (DT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 3600 SECS, RECOMMEND
- ! 1800 SECS OR LESS)
- ! ZLVL HEIGHT (M) ABOVE GROUND OF ATMOSPHERIC FORCING VARIABLES
- ! NSOIL NUMBER OF SOIL LAYERS (AT LEAST 2, AND NOT GREATER THAN
- ! PARAMETER NSOLD SET BELOW)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 3. FORCING DATA (F):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! LWDN LW DOWNWARD RADIATION (W M-2; POSITIVE, NOT NET LONGWAVE)
- ! SOLNET NET DOWNWARD SOLAR RADIATION ((W M-2; POSITIVE)
- ! SFCPRS PRESSURE AT HEIGHT ZLVL ABOVE GROUND (PASCALS)
- ! PRCP PRECIP RATE (KG M-2 S-1) (NOTE, THIS IS A RATE)
- ! SFCTMP AIR TEMPERATURE (K) AT HEIGHT ZLVL ABOVE GROUND
- ! TH2 AIR POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (K) AT HEIGHT ZLVL ABOVE GROUND
- ! Q2 MIXING RATIO AT HEIGHT ZLVL ABOVE GROUND (KG KG-1)
- ! FFROZP FRACTION OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 4. OTHER FORCING (INPUT) DATA (I):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! Q2SAT SAT SPECIFIC HUMIDITY AT HEIGHT ZLVL ABOVE GROUND (KG KG-1)
- ! DQSDT2 SLOPE OF SAT SPECIFIC HUMIDITY CURVE AT T=SFCTMP
- ! (KG KG-1 K-1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 5. CANOPY/SOIL CHARACTERISTICS (S):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ALB BACKROUND SNOW-FREE SURFACE ALBEDO (FRACTION), FOR JULIAN
- ! DAY OF YEAR (USUALLY FROM TEMPORAL INTERPOLATION OF
- ! MONTHLY MEAN VALUES' CALLING PROG MAY OR MAY NOT
- ! INCLUDE DIURNAL SUN ANGLE EFFECT)
- ! SNOALB UPPER BOUND ON MAXIMUM ALBEDO OVER DEEP SNOW (E.G. FROM
- ! ROBINSON AND KUKLA, 1985, J. CLIM. & APPL. METEOR.)
- ! TBOT BOTTOM SOIL TEMPERATURE (LOCAL YEARLY-MEAN SFC AIR
- ! TEMPERATURE)
- ! Z0BRD Background fixed roughness length (M)
- ! Z0 Time varying roughness length (M) as function of snow depth
- !
- ! EMISSI Surface emissivity (between 0 and 1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 6. HISTORY (STATE) VARIABLES (H):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! T1 GROUND/CANOPY/SNOWPACK) EFFECTIVE SKIN TEMPERATURE (K)
- ! STC(NSOIL) SOIL TEMP (K)
- ! SNOWH ACTUAL SNOW DEPTH (M)
- ! SNEQV LIQUID WATER-EQUIVALENT SNOW DEPTH (M)
- ! NOTE: SNOW DENSITY = SNEQV/SNOWH
- ! ALBEDO SURFACE ALBEDO
- ! CH SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE
- ! (M S-1); NOTE: CH IS TECHNICALLY A CONDUCTANCE SINCE
- ! IT HAS BEEN MULTIPLIED BY WIND SPEED.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 7. OUTPUT (O):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! OUTPUT VARIABLES NECESSARY FOR A COUPLED NWP MODEL. FOR THIS APPLICATION,
- ! THE REMAINING OUTPUT/DIAGNOSTIC/PARAMETER BLOCKS BELOW ARE NOT
- ! NECESSARY. OTHER APPLICATIONS MAY REQUIRE DIFFERENT OUTPUT VARIABLES.
- ! ETA ACTUAL LATENT HEAT FLUX (W m-2: NEGATIVE, IF UP FROM
- ! SURFACE)
- ! ETA_KINEMATIC actual latent heat flux in Kg m-2 s-1
- ! SHEAT SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX (W M-2: NEGATIVE, IF UPWARD FROM
- ! SURFACE)
- ! FDOWN Radiation forcing at the surface (W m-2) = SOLDN*(1-alb)+LWDN
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ESNOW SUBLIMATION FROM (OR DEPOSITION TO IF <0) SNOWPACK (W m-2)
- ! DEW DEWFALL (OR FROSTFALL FOR T<273.15) (M)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ETP POTENTIAL EVAPORATION (W m-2)
- ! SSOIL SOIL HEAT FLUX (W M-2: NEGATIVE IF DOWNWARD FROM SURFACE)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! FLX1 PRECIP-SNOW SFC (W M-2)
- ! FLX2 FREEZING RAIN LATENT HEAT FLUX (W M-2)
- ! FLX3 PHASE-CHANGE HEAT FLUX FROM SNOWMELT (W M-2)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNOMLT SNOW MELT (M) (WATER EQUIVALENT)
- ! SNCOVR FRACTIONAL SNOW COVER (UNITLESS FRACTION, 0-1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! RUNOFF1 SURFACE RUNOFF (M S-1), NOT INFILTRATING THE SURFACE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! 8. DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT (D):
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! Q1 Effective mixing ratio at surface (kg kg-1), used for
- ! diagnosing the mixing ratio at 2 meter for coupled model
- ! Documentation SNOABL2 ?????
- ! What categories of arguments do these variables fall into ????
- ! Documentation for RIBB ?????
- ! What category of argument does RIBB fall into ?????
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- integer, intent(in) :: iiloc, jjloc
- INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT
- LOGICAL :: FRZGRA, SNOWNG
- INTEGER,INTENT(IN) :: NSOIL
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: DT,DQSDT2,LWDN,PRCP, &
- Q2,Q2SAT,SFCPRS,SFCTMP, SNOALB, &
- SOLNET,TBOT,TH2,ZLVL, &
- FFROZP
- REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ALBEDO
- REAL, INTENT(INOUT):: CH, &
- SNEQV,SNCOVR,SNOWH,T1,Z0BRD, &
- EMISSI, ALB
- REAL, INTENT(INOUT):: RIBB
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(INOUT) :: STC
- REAL,DIMENSION(1:NSOIL):: ZSOIL
- REAL,INTENT(OUT) :: ETA_KINEMATIC,DEW,ESNOW,ETA, &
- ETP,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,SHEAT,RUNOFF1, &
- SSOIL, &
- SNOMLT, &
- FDOWN,Q1,Z0
- REAL :: DF1,DF1A, &
- DSOIL,DTOT,FRCSNO,FRCSOI, &
- RCH,RR, &
- SNDENS,SNCOND,SN_NEW, &
- T24,T2V,TH2V,TSNOW
- REAL :: RHO
- INTEGER :: KZ, K
- REAL :: T1Celsius
- REAL :: SFCTcelsius
- REAL :: ALB_SNOW
- REAL :: ALB_ICE
- REAL :: Z0N
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! DECLARATIONS - PARAMETERS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- REAL, PARAMETER :: LVH2O = 2.501E+6
- REAL, PARAMETER :: LSUBS = 2.83E+6
- REAL, PARAMETER :: R = 287.04
- iloc = iiloc
- jloc = jjloc
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! INITIALIZATION
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RUNOFF1 = 0.0
- SNOMLT = 0.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SEA-ICE LAYERS ARE EQUAL THICKNESS AND SUM TO 3 METERS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DO KZ = 1,NSOIL
- ZSOIL (KZ) = -3.* FLOAT (KZ)/ FLOAT (NSOIL)
- END DO
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Z0BRD = 0.001
- ALB = 0.55
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! INITIALIZE PRECIPITATION LOGICALS.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SNOWNG = .FALSE.
- FRZGRA = .FALSE.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! OVER SEA-ICE, IF S.W.E. (SNEQV) BELOW THRESHOLD LOWER
- ! BOUND (0.01 M FOR SEA-ICE, 0.10 M FOR GLACIAL-ICE), THEN SET AT LOWER
- ! BOUND
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! FOR SEA-ICE CASE, ASSIGN DEFAULT WATER-EQUIV SNOW ON TOP
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SELECT CASE ( SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT )
- CASE DEFAULT
- IF ( SNEQV < 0.01 ) THEN
- SNEQV = 0.01
- SNOWH = 0.05
- ENDIF
- CASE ( 1 ) ! Arctic sea-ice albedo from Mills (2011)
- IF ( SNEQV < 0.0001 ) THEN
- SNEQV = 0.0001
- SNOWH = 0.0005
- ENDIF
- END SELECT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF INPUT SNOWPACK IS NONZERO, THEN COMPUTE SNOW DENSITY "SNDENS" AND
- ! SNOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY "SNCOND"
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SNDENS = SNEQV / SNOWH
- IF(SNDENS > 1.0) THEN
- CALL wrf_error_fatal ( 'Physical snow depth is less than snow water equiv.' )
- ENDIF
- CALL CSNOW (SNCOND,SNDENS)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! DETERMINE IF IT'S PRECIPITATING AND WHAT KIND OF PRECIP IT IS.
- ! IF IT'S PRCPING AND THE AIR TEMP IS COLDER THAN 0 C, IT'S SNOWING!
- ! IF IT'S PRCPING AND THE AIR TEMP IS WARMER THAN 0 C, BUT THE GRND
- ! TEMP IS COLDER THAN 0 C, FREEZING RAIN IS PRESUMED TO BE FALLING.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF (PRCP > 0.0) THEN
- ! snow defined when fraction of frozen precip (FFROZP) > 0.5,
- ! passed in from model microphysics.
- IF (FFROZP .GT. 0.5) THEN
- SNOWNG = .TRUE.
- ELSE
- IF (T1 <= TFREEZ) FRZGRA = .TRUE.
- END IF
- END IF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF EITHER PRCP FLAG IS SET, DETERMINE NEW SNOWFALL (CONVERTING PRCP
- ! RATE FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO A LIQUID EQUIV SNOW DEPTH IN METERS) AND ADD
- ! IT TO THE EXISTING SNOWPACK.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF ( SNOWNG .OR. FRZGRA ) THEN
- SN_NEW = PRCP * DT * 0.001
- SNEQV = SNEQV + SN_NEW
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! UPDATE SNOW DENSITY BASED ON NEW SNOWFALL, USING OLD AND NEW SNOW.
- ! UPDATE SNOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- CALL SNOW_NEW ( SFCTMP , SN_NEW , SNOWH , SNDENS )
- !
- ! kmh 09/04/2006 set Snow Density at 0.2 g/cm**3
- ! for "cold permanent ice" or new "dry" snow
- !
- IF ( SNCOVR .GT. 0.99 ) THEN
- !
- ! if soil temperature less than 268.15 K, treat as typical
- ! Antarctic/Greenland snow firn
- !
- IF ( STC(1) .LT. (TFREEZ - 5.) ) SNDENS = 0.2
- IF ( SNOWNG .AND. (T1.LT.273.) .AND. (SFCTMP.LT.273.) ) SNDENS=0.2
- ENDIF
- CALL CSNOW (SNCOND,SNDENS)
- END IF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ALBEDO OF SEA ICE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- SELECT CASE ( SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT )
- CASE DEFAULT
- SNCOVR = 1.0
- EMISSI = 0.98
- ALBEDO = 0.80
- CASE ( 1 ) ! Arctic sea-ice albedo from Mills (2011)
- Z0N = 0.10 ! Approximate roughness length of snow-covered surface
- SNCOVR = SNOWH / ( SNOWH + Z0N ) ! Snow-cover fraction
- !
- ! Make albedo of snow on sea-ice a function of skin temperature
- !
- T1celsius = T1 - 273.15
- IF (T1 < 268.0) THEN
- alb_snow = 0.8
- ELSEIF ( ( T1 >= 268.0 ) .AND. ( T1 < 273.0 ) ) then
- alb_snow = 0.65 - ( 0.03 * T1celsius )
- ELSE
- alb_snow = 0.65
- ENDIF
- !
- ! Make albedo of snow-free sea-ice a function of air temperature
- !
- SFCTcelsius = SFCTMP - 273.15
- IF ( SFCTMP <= 273.0 ) THEN
- alb_ice = 0.65
- ELSEIF ( ( SFCTMP > 273.0 ) .and. ( SFCTMP < 278.0 ) ) THEN
- alb_ice = 0.65 - ( 0.04 *SFCTcelsius )
- ELSE
- alb_ice = 0.45
- ENDIF
- !
- ! Final albedo over sea-ice point is a combination of the snow
- ! albedo and the snow-free ice albedo, weighted by the snow cover.
- !
- ALBEDO = ( SNCOVR * alb_snow ) + ( ( 1.0 - SNCOVR ) * alb_ice )
- END SELECT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FOR SEA-ICE CASE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DF1 = 2.2
- DSOIL = - (0.5 * ZSOIL (1))
- DTOT = SNOWH + DSOIL
- FRCSNO = SNOWH / DTOT
- ! 1. HARMONIC MEAN (SERIES FLOW)
- ! DF1 = (SNCOND*DF1)/(FRCSOI*SNCOND+FRCSNO*DF1)
- FRCSOI = DSOIL / DTOT
- ! 2. ARITHMETIC MEAN (PARALLEL FLOW)
- ! DF1 = FRCSNO*SNCOND + FRCSOI*DF1
- ! 3. GEOMETRIC MEAN (INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN HARMONIC AND ARITHMETIC MEAN)
- ! DF1 = (SNCOND**FRCSNO)*(DF1**FRCSOI)
- ! weigh DF by snow fraction
- DF1A = FRCSNO * SNCOND + FRCSOI * DF1
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE SUBSURFACE HEAT FLUX, SSOIL, FROM FINAL THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY
- ! OF SURFACE MEDIUMS, DF1 ABOVE, AND SKIN TEMPERATURE AND TOP
- ! MID-LAYER SOIL TEMPERATURE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DF1 = DF1A * SNCOVR + DF1 * ( 1.0 - SNCOVR )
-
- IF ( DTOT .GT. 2.*DSOIL ) then
- DTOT = 2.*DSOIL
- ENDIF
-
- SSOIL = DF1 * ( T1 - STC(1) ) / DTOT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! DETERMINE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OVER SNOWPACK USING SNOW CONDITION FROM
- ! THE PREVIOUS TIMESTEP.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- CALL SNOWZ0 (SNCOVR,Z0,Z0BRD,SNOWH)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE TOTAL DOWNWARD RADIATION (SOLAR PLUS LONGWAVE) NEEDED IN
- ! PENMAN EP SUBROUTINE THAT FOLLOWS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- FDOWN = SOLNET + LWDN
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC VIRTUAL TEMPS AND VIRTUAL POTENTIAL TEMPS NEEDED BY SUBROUTINES
- ! PENMAN.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- T2V = SFCTMP * (1.0+ 0.61 * Q2 )
- T24 = SFCTMP * SFCTMP * SFCTMP * SFCTMP
- RHO = SFCPRS / ( RD * T2V )
- ! RCH = RHO * CP * CH
- RCH = RHO * 1004.6 * CH ! CP is defined different in subroutine PENMAN.
- ! Pulling this computation out of PENMAN changed
- ! the results. So I'm hard-coding the PENMAN
- ! value here, but perhaps this should go back
- ! into PENMAN for now.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALL PENMAN SUBROUTINE TO CALCULATE POTENTIAL EVAPORATION (ETP), AND
- ! OTHER PARTIAL PRODUCTS AND SUMS FOR LATER CALCULATIONS.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- CALL PENMAN (SFCTMP,SFCPRS,CH,TH2,PRCP,FDOWN,T24,SSOIL, &
- Q2,Q2SAT,ETP,RCH,RR,SNOWNG,FRZGRA, &
- DQSDT2,FLX2,EMISSI,T1)
- ESNOW = 0.0
- CALL SNOPAC (ETP,ETA,PRCP,SNOWNG, &
- NSOIL,DT,DF1, &
- Q2,T1,SFCTMP,T24,TH2,FDOWN,SSOIL,STC, &
- SFCPRS,RCH,RR,SNCOVR,SNEQV,SNDENS, &
- SNOWH,ZSOIL,TBOT, &
- SNOMLT,DEW,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,ESNOW,EMISSI,RIBB, &
- SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT)
- ETA_KINEMATIC = ESNOW
- ! Calculate effective mixing ratio at ground level (skin)
- Q1=Q2+ETA_KINEMATIC*CP/RCH
- !
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! DETERMINE SENSIBLE HEAT (H) IN ENERGY UNITS (W M-2)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SHEAT = - (CH * CP * SFCPRS)/ (R * T2V) * ( TH2- T1 )
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CONVERT EVAP TERMS FROM KINEMATIC (KG M-2 S-1) TO ENERGY UNITS (W M-2)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ESNOW = ESNOW * LSUBS
- ETP = ETP*((1.-SNCOVR)*LVH2O + SNCOVR*LSUBS)
- IF (ETP .GT. 0.) THEN
- ETA = ESNOW
- ELSE
- ETA = ETP
- ENDIF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CONVERT THE SIGN OF SOIL HEAT FLUX SO THAT:
- ! SSOIL>0: WARM THE SURFACE (NIGHT TIME)
- ! SSOIL<0: COOL THE SURFACE (DAY TIME)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SSOIL = -1.0* SSOIL
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! FOR THE CASE OF SEA-ICE, ADD ANY
- ! SNOWMELT DIRECTLY TO SURFACE RUNOFF (RUNOFF1) SINCE THERE IS NO
- ! SOIL MEDIUM, AND THUS NO CALL TO SUBROUTINE SMFLX (FOR SOIL MOISTURE
- ! TENDENCY).
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RUNOFF1 = SNOMLT/DT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE SFLX_SEAICE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE CSNOW (SNCOND,DSNOW)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBROUTINE CSNOW
- ! FUNCTION CSNOW
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE SNOW TERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: DSNOW
- REAL, INTENT(OUT):: SNCOND
- REAL :: C
- REAL, PARAMETER :: UNIT = 0.11631
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNCOND IN UNITS OF CAL/(CM*HR*C), RETURNED IN W/(M*C)
- ! CSNOW IN UNITS OF CAL/(CM*HR*C), RETURNED IN W/(M*C)
- ! BASIC VERSION IS DYACHKOVA EQUATION (1960), FOR RANGE 0.1-0.4
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- C = 0.328*10** (2.25* DSNOW)
- ! CSNOW=UNIT*C
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! DE VAUX EQUATION (1933), IN RANGE 0.1-0.6
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNCOND=0.0293*(1.+100.*DSNOW**2)
- ! CSNOW=0.0293*(1.+100.*DSNOW**2)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! E. ANDERSEN FROM FLERCHINGER
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNCOND=0.021+2.51*DSNOW**2
- ! CSNOW=0.021+2.51*DSNOW**2
- ! SNCOND = UNIT * C
- ! double snow thermal conductivity
- SNCOND = 2.0 * UNIT * C
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE CSNOW
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE HRTICE (RHSTS,STC,TBOT,NSOIL,ZSOIL,YY,ZZ1,DF1,AI,BI,CI)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE TIME TENDENCY TERM OF THE SOIL
- ! THERMAL DIFFUSION EQUATION IN THE CASE OF SEA-ICE (ICE=1) OR GLACIAL
- ! ICE (ICE=-1). COMPUTE (PREPARE) THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS FOR THE
- ! TRI-DIAGONAL MATRIX OF THE IMPLICIT TIME SCHEME.
- !
- ! (NOTE: THIS SUBROUTINE ONLY CALLED FOR SEA-ICE OR GLACIAL ICE, BUT
- ! NOT FOR NON-GLACIAL LAND (ICE = 0).
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NSOIL
- INTEGER :: K
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: DF1,YY,ZZ1
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(OUT):: AI, BI,CI
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(IN) :: STC, ZSOIL
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(OUT):: RHSTS
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: TBOT
- REAL :: DDZ,DDZ2,DENOM,DTSDZ,DTSDZ2,SSOIL, &
- ZBOT
- REAL :: HCPCT
- REAL :: DF1K
- REAL :: DF1N
- REAL :: ZMD
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SET A NOMINAL UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE SEA-ICE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY,
- ! HCPCT = 1880.0*917.0.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! Sea-ice values
- HCPCT = 1.72396E+6
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! THE INPUT ARGUMENT DF1 IS A UNIVERSALLY CONSTANT VALUE OF SEA-ICE
- ! THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY, SET IN ROUTINE SNOPAC AS DF1 = 2.2.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SET ICE PACK DEPTH. USE TBOT AS ICE PACK LOWER BOUNDARY TEMPERATURE
- ! (THAT OF UNFROZEN SEA WATER AT BOTTOM OF SEA ICE PACK). ASSUME ICE
- ! PACK IS OF N=NSOIL LAYERS SPANNING A UNIFORM CONSTANT ICE PACK
- ! THICKNESS AS DEFINED BY ZSOIL(NSOIL) IN ROUTINE SFLX.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC THE MATRIX COEFFICIENTS AI, BI, AND CI FOR THE TOP LAYER
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ZBOT = ZSOIL (NSOIL)
- DDZ = 1.0 / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL (2) )
- AI (1) = 0.0
- CI (1) = (DF1 * DDZ) / (ZSOIL (1) * HCPCT)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT BTWN THE TOP AND 2ND SOIL LAYERS.
- ! RECALC/ADJUST THE SOIL HEAT FLUX. USE THE GRADIENT AND FLUX TO CALC
- ! RHSTS FOR THE TOP SOIL LAYER.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- BI (1) = - CI (1) + DF1/ (0.5 * ZSOIL (1) * ZSOIL (1) * HCPCT * &
- ZZ1)
- DTSDZ = ( STC (1) - STC (2) ) / ( -0.5 * ZSOIL (2) )
- SSOIL = DF1 * ( STC (1) - YY ) / ( 0.5 * ZSOIL (1) * ZZ1 )
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! INITIALIZE DDZ2
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RHSTS (1) = ( DF1 * DTSDZ - SSOIL ) / ( ZSOIL (1) * HCPCT )
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! LOOP THRU THE REMAINING SOIL LAYERS, REPEATING THE ABOVE PROCESS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DDZ2 = 0.0
- DF1K = DF1
- DF1N = DF1
- DO K = 2,NSOIL
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT THRU THIS LAYER.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF (K /= NSOIL) THEN
- DENOM = 0.5 * ( ZSOIL (K -1) - ZSOIL (K +1) )
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC THE MATRIX COEF, CI, AFTER CALC'NG ITS PARTIAL PRODUCT.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DTSDZ2 = ( STC (K) - STC (K +1) ) / DENOM
- DDZ2 = 2. / (ZSOIL (K -1) - ZSOIL (K +1))
- CI (K) = - DF1N * DDZ2 / ( (ZSOIL (K -1) - ZSOIL (K))*HCPCT)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC THE VERTICAL SOIL TEMP GRADIENT THRU THE LOWEST LAYER.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ELSE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SET MATRIX COEF, CI TO ZERO.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DTSDZ2 = (STC (K) - TBOT)/ (.5 * (ZSOIL (K -1) + ZSOIL (K)) &
- - ZBOT)
- CI (K) = 0.
- END IF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC RHSTS FOR THIS LAYER AFTER CALC'NG A PARTIAL PRODUCT.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DENOM = ( ZSOIL (K) - ZSOIL (K -1) ) * HCPCT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALC MATRIX COEFS, AI, AND BI FOR THIS LAYER.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RHSTS (K) = ( DF1N * DTSDZ2- DF1K * DTSDZ ) / DENOM
- AI (K) = - DF1K * DDZ / ( (ZSOIL (K -1) - ZSOIL (K)) * HCPCT)
- BI (K) = - (AI (K) + CI (K))
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! RESET VALUES OF DTSDZ AND DDZ FOR LOOP TO NEXT SOIL LYR.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DF1K = DF1N
- DTSDZ = DTSDZ2
- DDZ = DDZ2
- END DO
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE HRTICE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE PENMAN (SFCTMP,SFCPRS,CH,TH2,PRCP,FDOWN,T24,SSOIL, &
- & Q2,Q2SAT,ETP,RCH,RR,SNOWNG,FRZGRA, &
- & DQSDT2,FLX2,EMISSI,T1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE POTENTIAL EVAPORATION FOR THE CURRENT POINT. VARIOUS
- ! PARTIAL SUMS/PRODUCTS ARE ALSO CALCULATED AND PASSED BACK TO THE
- ! CALLING ROUTINE FOR LATER USE.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: SNOWNG, FRZGRA
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: CH, DQSDT2, FDOWN, PRCP, &
- & Q2, Q2SAT, SSOIL, SFCPRS, SFCTMP, &
- & TH2,EMISSI
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: T1, T24, RCH
- REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ETP,FLX2,RR
- REAL :: ELCP1, LVS, EPSCA, A, DELTA, FNET, RAD
- REAL, PARAMETER :: ELCP = 2.4888E+3, LSUBC = 2.501000E+6,CP = 1004.6
- REAL, PARAMETER :: LSUBS = 2.83E+6
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! PREPARE PARTIAL QUANTITIES FOR PENMAN EQUATION.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF ( T1 > 273.15 ) THEN
- ELCP1=ELCP
- LVS=LSUBC
- ELSE
- ELCP1 = ELCP*LSUBS/LSUBC
- LVS = LSUBS
- ENDIF
- FLX2 = 0.0
- DELTA = ELCP1 * DQSDT2
- RR = EMISSI * T24 * 6.48E-8 / (SFCPRS * CH) + 1.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ADJUST THE PARTIAL SUMS / PRODUCTS WITH THE LATENT HEAT
- ! EFFECTS CAUSED BY FALLING PRECIPITATION.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF ( PRCP > 0.0 ) THEN
- IF (.NOT. SNOWNG) THEN
- RR = RR + CPH2O * PRCP / RCH
- ELSE
- RR = RR + CPICE * PRCP / RCH
- ENDIF
- ENDIF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! INCLUDE THE LATENT HEAT EFFECTS OF FREEZING RAIN CONVERTING TO ICE ON
- ! IMPACT IN THE CALCULATION OF FLX2 AND FNET.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- FNET = FDOWN - EMISSI * SIGMA * T24 - SSOIL
- IF (FRZGRA) THEN
- FLX2 = - LSUBF * PRCP
- FNET = FNET - FLX2
- END IF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! FINISH PENMAN EQUATION CALCULATIONS.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- RAD = FNET / RCH + TH2 - SFCTMP
- A = ELCP1 * (Q2SAT - Q2)
- EPSCA = (A * RR + RAD * DELTA) / (DELTA + RR)
- ETP = EPSCA * RCH / LVS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE PENMAN
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE SHFLX (STC,NSOIL,DT,YY,ZZ1,ZSOIL,TBOT,DF1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! UPDATE THE TEMPERATURE STATE OF THE SOIL COLUMN BASED ON THE THERMAL
- ! DIFFUSION EQUATION.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NSOIL
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: DF1,DT,TBOT,YY, ZZ1
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(IN) :: ZSOIL
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(INOUT) :: STC
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL) :: AI, BI, CI, STCF,RHSTS
- INTEGER :: I
- REAL, PARAMETER :: T0 = 273.15
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! HRTICE ROUTINE CALCS THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE SOIL TEMP DIF EQN
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- CALL HRTICE (RHSTS,STC,TBOT,NSOIL,ZSOIL,YY,ZZ1,DF1,AI,BI,CI)
- CALL HSTEP (STCF,STC,RHSTS,DT,NSOIL,AI,BI,CI)
- DO I = 1,NSOIL
- STC (I) = STCF (I)
- END DO
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE SHFLX
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE SNOPAC (ETP,ETA,PRCP,SNOWNG, &
- NSOIL,DT,DF1, &
- Q2,T1,SFCTMP,T24,TH2,FDOWN,SSOIL,STC, &
- SFCPRS,RCH,RR,SNCOVR,ESD,SNDENS, &
- SNOWH,ZSOIL,TBOT, &
- SNOMLT,DEW,FLX1,FLX2,FLX3,ESNOW,EMISSI, &
- RIBB, SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBROUTINE SNOPAC
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE SOIL MOISTURE AND HEAT FLUX VALUES & UPDATE SOIL MOISTURE
- ! CONTENT AND SOIL HEAT CONTENT VALUES FOR THE CASE WHEN A SNOW PACK IS
- ! PRESENT.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NSOIL
- INTEGER :: K
- LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: SNOWNG
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: DF1, &
- & DT,FDOWN, &
- & PRCP,Q2, &
- & RCH,RR,SFCPRS, SFCTMP, &
- & T24, &
- & TBOT,TH2,EMISSI
- REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: ESD,FLX2,SNOWH,SNCOVR, &
- & SNDENS, T1, RIBB, ETP
- REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: DEW,ESNOW, &
- & FLX1,FLX3, SSOIL,SNOMLT
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL),INTENT(IN) :: ZSOIL
- REAL, DIMENSION(1:NSOIL), INTENT(INOUT) :: STC
- REAL :: DENOM,DSOIL,DTOT,ETA, &
- & ESNOW1, ESNOW2, ETA1,ETP1,ETP2, &
- & ETANRG, EX, SEH, &
- & SNCOND,T12, T12A, &
- & T12B, T14, YY, ZZ1
- INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT
- REAL, PARAMETER :: ESDMIN = 1.E-6, LSUBC = 2.501000E+6, &
- LSUBS = 2.83E+6, SNOEXP = 2.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNOWCOVER FRACTION = 1.0, AND SUBLIMATION IS AT THE POTENTIAL RATE.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! INITIALIZE EVAP TERMS.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! conversions:
- ! ESNOW [KG M-2 S-1]
- ! ESNOW1 [M S-1]
- ! ESNOW2 [M]
- ! ETP [KG M-2 S-1]
- ! ETP1 [M S-1]
- ! ETP2 [M]
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DEW = 0.
- ESNOW = 0.
- ESNOW1 = 0.
- ESNOW2 = 0.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CONVERT POTENTIAL EVAP (ETP) FROM KG M-2 S-1 TO ETP1 IN M S-1
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF ETP<0 (DOWNWARD) THEN DEWFALL (=FROSTFALL IN THIS CASE).
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF (ETP <= 0.0) THEN
- IF ( ( RIBB >= 0.1 ) .AND. ( FDOWN > 150.0 ) ) THEN
- ETP=(MIN(ETP*(1.0-RIBB),0.)*SNCOVR/0.980 + ETP*(0.980-SNCOVR))/0.980
- ENDIF
- ETP1 = ETP * 0.001
- DEW = -ETP1
- ESNOW2 = ETP1*DT
- ETANRG = ETP*((1.-SNCOVR)*LSUBC + SNCOVR*LSUBS)
- ELSE
- ETP1 = ETP * 0.001
- ESNOW = ETP
- ESNOW1 = ESNOW*0.001
- ESNOW2 = ESNOW1*DT
- ETANRG = ESNOW*LSUBS
- ESNOW = ETP*SNCOVR
- ESNOW1 = ESNOW*0.001
- ESNOW2 = ESNOW1*DT
- ETANRG = ESNOW*LSUBS
- END IF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF PRECIP IS FALLING, CALCULATE HEAT FLUX FROM SNOW SFC TO NEWLY
- ! ACCUMULATING PRECIP. NOTE THAT THIS REFLECTS THE FLUX APPROPRIATE FOR
- ! THE NOT-YET-UPDATED SKIN TEMPERATURE (T1). ASSUMES TEMPERATURE OF THE
- ! SNOWFALL STRIKING THE GROUND IS =SFCTMP (LOWEST MODEL LEVEL AIR TEMP).
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- FLX1 = 0.0
- IF (SNOWNG) THEN
- FLX1 = CPICE * PRCP * (T1- SFCTMP)
- ELSE
- IF (PRCP > 0.0) FLX1 = CPH2O * PRCP * (T1- SFCTMP)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE AN 'EFFECTIVE SNOW-GRND SFC TEMP' (T12) BASED ON HEAT FLUXES
- ! BETWEEN THE SNOW PACK AND THE SOIL AND ON NET RADIATION.
- ! INCLUDE FLX1 (PRECIP-SNOW SFC) AND FLX2 (FREEZING RAIN LATENT HEAT)
- ! FLUXES. FLX1 FROM ABOVE, FLX2 BROUGHT IN VIA COMMOM BLOCK RITE.
- ! FLX2 REFLECTS FREEZING RAIN LATENT HEAT FLUX USING T1 CALCULATED IN
- ! PENMAN.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END IF
- DSOIL = - (0.5 * ZSOIL (1))
- DTOT = SNOWH + DSOIL
- DENOM = 1.0+ DF1 / (DTOT * RR * RCH)
- ! surface emissivity weighted by snow cover fraction
- ! T12A = ( (FDOWN - FLX1 - FLX2 - &
- ! & ((SNCOVR*EMISSI_S)+EMISSI*(1.0-SNCOVR))*SIGMA *T24)/RCH &
- ! & + TH2 - SFCTMP - ETANRG/RCH ) / RR
- T12A = ( (FDOWN - FLX1 - FLX2 - EMISSI * SIGMA * T24)/ RCH &
- + TH2 - SFCTMP - ETANRG / RCH ) / RR
- T12B = DF1 * STC (1) / (DTOT * RR * RCH)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF THE 'EFFECTIVE SNOW-GRND SFC TEMP' IS AT OR BELOW FREEZING, NO SNOW
- ! MELT WILL OCCUR. SET THE SKIN TEMP TO THIS EFFECTIVE TEMP. REDUCE
- ! (BY SUBLIMINATION ) OR INCREASE (BY FROST) THE DEPTH OF THE SNOWPACK,
- ! DEPENDING ON SIGN OF ETP.
- ! UPDATE SOIL HEAT FLUX (SSOIL) USING NEW SKIN TEMPERATURE (T1)
- ! SINCE NO SNOWMELT, SET ACCUMULATED SNOWMELT TO ZERO, SET 'EFFECTIVE'
- ! PRECIP FROM SNOWMELT TO ZERO, SET PHASE-CHANGE HEAT FLUX FROM SNOWMELT
- ! TO ZERO.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUB-FREEZING BLOCK
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- T12 = (SFCTMP + T12A + T12B) / DENOM
- IF (T12 <= TFREEZ) THEN
- T1 = T12
- SSOIL = DF1 * (T1- STC (1)) / DTOT
- ! ESD = MAX (0.0, ESD- ETP2)
- ESD = MAX(0.0, ESD-ESNOW2)
- FLX3 = 0.0
- EX = 0.0
- SNOMLT = 0.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF THE 'EFFECTIVE SNOW-GRND SFC TEMP' IS ABOVE FREEZING, SNOW MELT
- ! WILL OCCUR. CALL THE SNOW MELT RATE,EX AND AMT, SNOMLT. REVISE THE
- ! EFFECTIVE SNOW DEPTH. REVISE THE SKIN TEMP BECAUSE IT WOULD HAVE CHGD
- ! DUE TO THE LATENT HEAT RELEASED BY THE MELTING. CALC THE LATENT HEAT
- ! RELEASED, FLX3. ADJUSTMENT TO T1 TO ACCOUNT FOR SNOW PATCHES.
- ! CALCULATE QSAT VALID AT FREEZING POINT. NOTE THAT ESAT (SATURATION
- ! VAPOR PRESSURE) VALUE OF 6.11E+2 USED HERE IS THAT VALID AT FRZZING
- ! POINT. NOTE THAT ETP FROM CALL PENMAN IN SFLX IS IGNORED HERE IN
- ! FAVOR OF BULK ETP OVER 'OPEN WATER' AT FREEZING TEMP.
- ! UPDATE SOIL HEAT FLUX (S) USING NEW SKIN TEMPERATURE (T1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ABOVE FREEZING BLOCK
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ELSE
- T1 = TFREEZ * SNCOVR ** SNOEXP + T12 * (1.0- SNCOVR ** SNOEXP)
- IF ( DTOT .GT. 2.0*DSOIL ) THEN
- DTOT = 2.0*DSOIL
- ENDIF
- SSOIL = DF1 * (T1- STC (1)) / DTOT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! IF POTENTIAL EVAP (SUBLIMATION) GREATER THAN DEPTH OF SNOWPACK.
- ! SNOWPACK HAS SUBLIMATED AWAY, SET DEPTH TO ZERO.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IF (ESD-ESNOW2 <= ESDMIN) THEN
- ESD = 0.0
- EX = 0.0
- SNOMLT = 0.0
- FLX3 = 0.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBLIMATION LESS THAN DEPTH OF SNOWPACK
- ! SNOWPACK (ESD) REDUCED BY ESNOW2 (DEPTH OF SUBLIMATED SNOW)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ELSE
- ESD = ESD-ESNOW2
- SEH = RCH * (T1- TH2)
- T14 = ( T1 * T1 ) * ( T1 * T1 )
- FLX3 = FDOWN - FLX1- FLX2- EMISSI*SIGMA * T14- SSOIL - SEH - ETANRG
- IF (FLX3 <= 0.0) FLX3 = 0.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNOWMELT REDUCTION DEPENDING ON SNOW COVER
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- EX = FLX3*0.001/ LSUBF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ESDMIN REPRESENTS A SNOWPACK DEPTH THRESHOLD VALUE BELOW WHICH WE
- ! CHOOSE NOT TO RETAIN ANY SNOWPACK, AND INSTEAD INCLUDE IT IN SNOWMELT.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SNOMLT = EX * DT
- IF (ESD- SNOMLT >= ESDMIN) THEN
- ESD = ESD- SNOMLT
- ELSE
- !
- ! SNOWMELT EXCEEDS SNOW DEPTH
- !
- EX = ESD / DT
- FLX3 = EX *1000.0* LSUBF
- SNOMLT = ESD
- ESD = 0.0
- ENDIF
- ENDIF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! END OF 'T12 .LE. TFREEZ' IF-BLOCK
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ENDIF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! FOR SEA-ICE, THE SNOWMELT WILL BE ADDED TO SUBSURFACE
- ! RUNOFF/BASEFLOW LATER NEAR THE END OF SFLX (AFTER RETURN FROM CALL TO
- ! SUBROUTINE SNOPAC)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SET THE EFFECTIVE POTNL EVAPOTRANSP (ETP1) TO ZERO SINCE THIS IS SNOW
- ! CASE, SO SURFACE EVAP NOT CALCULATED FROM EDIR IN SMFLX (BELOW).
- ! IF SEAICE (ICE==1) SKIP CALL TO SMFLX, SINCE NO SOIL MEDIUM FOR SEA-ICE
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! BEFORE CALL SHFLX IN THIS SNOWPACK CASE, SET ZZ1 AND YY ARGUMENTS TO
- ! SPECIAL VALUES THAT ENSURE THAT GROUND HEAT FLUX CALCULATED IN SHFLX
- ! MATCHES THAT ALREADY COMPUTED FOR BELOW THE SNOWPACK, THUS THE SFC
- ! HEAT FLUX TO BE COMPUTED IN SHFLX WILL EFFECTIVELY BE THE FLUX AT THE
- ! SNOW TOP SURFACE.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ZZ1 = 1.0
- YY = STC (1) -0.5* SSOIL * ZSOIL (1)* ZZ1/ DF1
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SHFLX WILL CALC/UPDATE THE ICE TEMPS.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- CALL SHFLX (STC,NSOIL,DT,YY,ZZ1,ZSOIL,TBOT,DF1)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY ADJUSTMENT BASED ON SNOW COMPACTION. YY IS
- ! ASSUMED TO BE THE SOIL TEMPERTURE AT THE TOP OF THE SOIL COLUMN.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SELECT CASE ( SEAICE_ALBEDO_OPT )
- CASE DEFAULT
- IF (ESD .GE. 0.01) THEN
- CALL SNOWPACK (ESD,DT,SNOWH,SNDENS,T1,YY)
- ELSE
- ESD = 0.01
- SNOWH = 0.05
- !KWM???? SNDENS =
- !KWM???? SNCOND =
- SNCOVR = 1.0
- ENDIF
- CASE ( 1 ) ! Arctic sea-ice albedo from Mills (2011)
- IF ( ESD >= 0.0001 ) THEN
- CALL SNOWPACK (ESD,DT,SNOWH,SNDENS,T1,YY)
- ELSE
- ESD = 0.0001
- SNOWH = 0.0005
- SNCOVR = 0.005
- ENDIF
- END SELECT
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE SNOPAC
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE SNOWPACK (ESD,DTSEC,SNOWH,SNDENS,TSNOW,TSOIL)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBROUTINE SNOWPACK
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE COMPACTION OF SNOWPACK UNDER CONDITIONS OF INCREASING SNOW
- ! DENSITY, AS OBTAINED FROM AN APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF E. ANDERSON'S
- ! DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION (3.29), NOAA TECHNICAL REPORT NWS 19, BY VICTOR
- ! KOREN, 03/25/95.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ESD WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOW (M)
- ! DTSEC TIME STEP (SEC)
- ! SNOWH SNOW DEPTH (M)
- ! SNDENS SNOW DENSITY (G/CM3=DIMENSIONLESS FRACTION OF H2O DENSITY)
- ! TSNOW SNOW SURFACE TEMPERATURE (K)
- ! TSOIL SOIL SURFACE TEMPERATURE (K)
- ! SUBROUTINE WILL RETURN NEW VALUES OF SNOWH AND SNDENS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- INTEGER :: IPOL, J
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ESD, DTSEC,TSNOW,TSOIL
- REAL, INTENT(INOUT) :: SNOWH, SNDENS
- REAL :: BFAC,DSX,DTHR,DW,SNOWHC,PEXP, &
- TAVGC,TSNOWC,TSOILC,ESDC,ESDCX
- REAL, PARAMETER :: C1 = 0.01, C2 = 21.0, G = 9.81, &
- KN = 4000.0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CONVERSION INTO SIMULATION UNITS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SNOWHC = SNOWH *100.
- ESDC = ESD *100.
- DTHR = DTSEC /3600.
- TSNOWC = TSNOW -273.15
- TSOILC = TSOIL -273.15
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATING OF AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF SNOW PACK
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATING OF SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY AS A RESULT OF COMPACTION
- ! SNDENS=DS0*(EXP(BFAC*ESD)-1.)/(BFAC*ESD)
- ! BFAC=DTHR*C1*EXP(0.08*TAVGC-C2*DS0)
- ! NOTE: BFAC*ESD IN SNDENS EQN ABOVE HAS TO BE CAREFULLY TREATED
- ! NUMERICALLY BELOW:
- ! C1 IS THE FRACTIONAL INCREASE IN DENSITY (1/(CM*HR))
- ! C2 IS A CONSTANT (CM3/G) KOJIMA ESTIMATED AS 21 CMS/G
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- TAVGC = 0.5* (TSNOWC + TSOILC)
- IF (ESDC > 1.E-2) THEN
- ESDCX = ESDC
- ELSE
- ESDCX = 1.E-2
- END IF
- ! DSX = SNDENS*((DEXP(BFAC*ESDC)-1.)/(BFAC*ESDC))
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! THE FUNCTION OF THE FORM (e**x-1)/x EMBEDDED IN ABOVE EXPRESSION
- ! FOR DSX WAS CAUSING NUMERICAL DIFFICULTIES WHEN THE DENOMINATOR "x"
- ! (I.E. BFAC*ESDC) BECAME ZERO OR APPROACHED ZERO (DESPITE THE FACT THAT
- ! THE ANALYTICAL FUNCTION (e**x-1)/x HAS A WELL DEFINED LIMIT AS
- ! "x" APPROACHES ZERO), HENCE BELOW WE REPLACE THE (e**x-1)/x
- ! EXPRESSION WITH AN EQUIVALENT, NUMERICALLY WELL-BEHAVED
- ! POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION.
- ! NUMBER OF TERMS OF POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION, AND HENCE ITS ACCURACY,
- ! IS GOVERNED BY ITERATION LIMIT "IPOL".
- ! IPOL GREATER THAN 9 ONLY MAKES A DIFFERENCE ON DOUBLE
- ! PRECISION (RELATIVE ERRORS GIVEN IN PERCENT %).
- ! IPOL=9, FOR REL.ERROR <~ 1.6 E-6 % (8 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS)
- ! IPOL=8, FOR REL.ERROR <~ 1.8 E-5 % (7 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS)
- ! IPOL=7, FOR REL.ERROR <~ 1.8 E-4 % ...
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- BFAC = DTHR * C1* EXP (0.08* TAVGC - C2* SNDENS)
- IPOL = 4
- PEXP = 0.
- ! PEXP = (1. + PEXP)*BFAC*ESDC/REAL(J+1)
- DO J = IPOL,1, -1
- PEXP = (1. + PEXP)* BFAC * ESDCX / REAL (J +1)
- END DO
- PEXP = PEXP + 1.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! ABOVE LINE ENDS POLYNOMIAL SUBSTITUTION
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! END OF KOREAN FORMULATION
- ! BASE FORMULATION (COGLEY ET AL., 1990)
- ! CONVERT DENSITY FROM G/CM3 TO KG/M3
- ! DSM=SNDENS*1000.0
- ! DSX=DSM+DTSEC*0.5*DSM*G*ESD/
- ! & (1E7*EXP(-0.02*DSM+KN/(TAVGC+273.16)-14.643))
- ! & CONVERT DENSITY FROM KG/M3 TO G/CM3
- ! DSX=DSX/1000.0
- ! END OF COGLEY ET AL. FORMULATION
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SET UPPER/LOWER LIMIT ON SNOW DENSITY
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- DSX = SNDENS * (PEXP)
- IF (DSX > 0.40) DSX = 0.40
- IF (DSX < 0.05) DSX = 0.05
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! UPDATE OF SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY DEPENDING ON LIQUID WATER DURING
- ! SNOWMELT. ASSUMED THAT 13% OF LIQUID WATER CAN BE STORED IN SNOW PER
- ! DAY DURING SNOWMELT TILL SNOW DENSITY 0.40.
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SNDENS = DSX
- IF (TSNOWC >= 0.) THEN
- DW = 0.13* DTHR /24.
- SNDENS = SNDENS * (1. - DW) + DW
- IF (SNDENS >= 0.40) SNDENS = 0.40
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE SNOW DEPTH (CM) FROM SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT AND SNOW DENSITY.
- ! CHANGE SNOW DEPTH UNITS TO METERS
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END IF
- SNOWHC = ESDC / SNDENS
- SNOWH = SNOWHC *0.01
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE SNOWPACK
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE SNOWZ0 (SNCOVR,Z0, Z0BRD, SNOWH)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBROUTINE SNOWZ0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE TOTAL ROUGHNESS LENGTH OVER SNOW
- ! SNCOVR FRACTIONAL SNOW COVER
- ! Z0 ROUGHNESS LENGTH (m)
- ! Z0S SNOW ROUGHNESS LENGTH:=0.001 (m)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- IMPLICIT NONE
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: SNCOVR, Z0BRD
- REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Z0
- REAL, PARAMETER :: Z0S=0.001
- REAL, INTENT(IN) :: SNOWH
- REAL :: BURIAL
- REAL :: Z0EFF
- !m Z0 = (1.- SNCOVR)* Z0BRD + SNCOVR * Z0S
- BURIAL = 7.0*Z0BRD - SNOWH
- IF(BURIAL.LE.0.0007) THEN
- Z0EFF = Z0S
- ELSE
- Z0EFF = BURIAL/7.0
- ENDIF
-
- Z0 = (1.- SNCOVR)* Z0BRD + SNCOVR * Z0EFF
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- END SUBROUTINE SNOWZ0
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- SUBROUTINE SNOW_NEW (TEMP,NEWSN,SNOWH,SNDENS)
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! SUBROUTINE SNOW_NEW
- ! ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ! CALCULATE SNOW DEPTH AND DENSITY TO ACCOUNT FOR THE NEW SNOWFALL.
- ! NEW VALUES OF SNOW DEPTH & DENSITY RETURNED.
- ! TEMP AIR TEMPERATURE (…
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