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  51. <p class="text-center"><a href="motion-picture.php#log">Log Format</a> <a href="motion-picture.php#properties">DPX properties</a> <a href="motion-picture.php#settings">DPX Settings</a></p>
  52. <p class="lead magick-description">DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supersedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
  53. <p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
  54. <p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
  55. <p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
  56. <p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
  57. <p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
  58. <h2 class="magick-header"><a id="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
  59. <p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
  60. <ul>
  61. <a href="../image/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../image/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
  62. <a href="../image/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../image/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
  63. </ul>
  64. <p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
  65. <p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
  66. <ul>
  67. <a href="../image/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../image/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
  68. <a href="../image/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../image/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
  69. </ul>
  70. <h2 class="magick-header"><a id="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
  71. <p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
  72. <pre class="pre-scrollable">dpx:file.copyright
  73. dpx:file.creator
  74. dpx:file.filename
  75. dpx:file.project
  76. dpx:file.version
  77. dpx:film.count
  78. dpx:film.format
  79. dpx:film.frame_id
  80. dpx:film.frame_position
  81. dpx:film.frame_rate
  82. dpx:film.held_count
  83. dpx:film.id
  84. dpx:film.offset
  85. dpx:film.prefix
  86. dpx:film.sequence_length
  87. dpx:film.shutter_angle
  88. dpx:film.slate
  89. dpx:film.type
  90. dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
  91. dpx:orientation.border
  92. dpx:orientation.device
  93. dpx:orientation.filename
  94. dpx:orientation.serial
  95. dpx:orientation.x_center
  96. dpx:orientation.x_offset
  97. dpx:orientation.x_size
  98. dpx:orientation.y_center
  99. dpx:orientation.y_offset
  100. dpx:orientation.y_size
  101. dpx:television.black_gain
  102. dpx:television.black_level
  103. dpx:television.break_point
  104. dpx:television.field_number
  105. dpx:television.frame_rate
  106. dpx:television.gamma
  107. dpx:television.integration_times
  108. dpx:television.interlace
  109. dpx:television.padding
  110. dpx:television.time.code
  111. dpx:television.time_offset
  112. dpx:television.user.bits
  113. dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
  114. dpx:television.video_signal
  115. dpx:television.white_level
  116. dpx:user.id
  117. dpx:user.data
  118. </pre>
  119. <p>Look for any user data as the <code>dpx:user-data</code> image profile.</p>
  120. <p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
  121. <pre>
  122. identify -verbose bluebells.dpx
  123. </pre>
  124. <p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
  125. <pre>
  126. identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx
  127. </pre>
  128. <p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
  129. <pre>
  130. convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx
  131. </pre>
  132. <h2 class="magick-header"><a id="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
  133. <p>Use <a href="command-line-options.php#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
  134. </p>
  135. <pre>
  136. -set gamma 1.7
  137. -set film-gamma 0.6
  138. -set reference-black 95
  139. -set reference-white 685
  140. -set profile dpx:user.data
  141. </pre>
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