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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <!-- saved from url=(0049)http://tip.golang.org/doc/debugging_with_gdb.html -->
    3. 

  3. <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    4. 

  4.   <title>Debugging Go Code with GDB - The Go Programming Language</title>
    5. 

  5. </head>
    6. 

  6. <body>
    7. 

  7. </div></div>
    8. 

  8. <div id="page">
    9. 

  9. <div id="content">
    10. 

  10.   <h1>??GDB??GO??</h1>
    11. 

  11.   <p>
    12. 

  12. <h2>??</h2>
    13. 

  13. <p>
    14. 

  14. <pre>
    15. 

  15.     ???<a href='http://tip.golang.org/doc/debugging_with_gdb.html'>http://tip.golang.org/doc/debugging_with_gdb.html</a>
    16. 

  16.     ???<a href='#'>saber</a> <a href='mailto:wenjie.0617@gmail.com'>(wenjie.0617@gmail.com)</a>
    17. 

  17. </pre>
    18. 

  18. <p>
    19. 

  19. <p><i>
    20. 

  20. ???????6g???. Gccgo?gdb????. ??????????
    21. 

  21. <a href="http://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/">GDB ??</a>.
    22. 

  22. </i></p>
    23. 

  23. <h2 id="Introduction">??</h2>
    24. 

  24. <p>
    25. 

  25. ???Linux, Mac OSX ? FreeBSD???6g/6l??8g/8l????????Go???,
    26. 

  26. ??DWARFv3?????????????????(&gt;7.1)?GDB????????????
    27. 

  27. ???????????
    28. 

  28. </p>
    29. 

  29. 

  30. <p>
    31. 

  31. ?? <code>'-s'</code> ??????????????
    32. 

  32. </p>
    33. 

  33. 

  34. 

  35. <h3 id="Common_Operations">????</h3>
    36. 

  36. 

  37. <ul>
    38. 

  38. <li>
    39. 

  39. ????,????????
    40. 

  40. <pre>(gdb) <b>list</b>
    41. 

  41. (gdb) <b>list <i>line</i></b>
    42. 

  42. (gdb) <b>list <i>file.go</i>:<i>line</i></b>
    43. 

  43. (gdb) <b>break <i>line</i></b>
    44. 

  44. (gdb) <b>break <i>file.go</i>:<i>line</i></b>
    45. 

  45. (gdb) <b>disas</b></pre>
    46. 

  46. </li>
    47. 

  47. <li>
    48. 

  48. ???????
    49. 

  49. <pre>(gdb) <b>bt</b>
    50. 

  50. (gdb) <b>frame <i>n</i></b></pre>
    51. 

  51. </li>
    52. 

  52. <li>
    53. 

  53. ??????,?????????????,??????
    54. 

  54. <pre>(gdb) <b>info locals</b>
    55. 

  55. (gdb) <b>info args</b>
    56. 

  56. (gdb) <b>p variable</b>
    57. 

  57. (gdb) <b>whatis variable</b></pre>
    58. 

  58. </li>
    59. 

  59. <li>
    60. 

  60. ?????????,?????
    61. 

  61. <pre>(gdb) <b>info variables <i>regexp</i></b></pre>
    62. 

  62. </li>
    63. 

  63. </ul>
    64. 

  64. 

  65. 

  66. <h3 id="Go_Extensions">Go ??</h3>
    67. 

  67. 

  68. <p>
    69. 

  69. GDB????????????????????????. ???????????????????(?? goroutines),
    70. 

  70. ?????????map, slice ? channel????.
    71. 

  71. </p>
    72. 

  72. 

  73. <ul>
    74. 

  74. <li>
    75. 

  75. ??string, slice, map, channel?interface:
    76. 

  76. <pre>(gdb) <b>p <i>var</i></b></pre>
    77. 

  77. </li>
    78. 

  78. <li>
    79. 

  79. strings, slices?maps?$len(), $cap()??
    80. 

  80. <pre>(gdb) <b>p $len(<i>var</i>)</b></pre>
    81. 

  81. </li>
    82. 

  82. <li>
    83. 

  83. ??????????:
    84. 

  84. <pre>(gdb) <b>p $dtype(<i>var</i>)</b>
    85. 

  85. (gdb) <b>iface <i>var</i></b></pre>
    86. 

  86. <p class="detail"><b>????:</b>
    87. 

  87. GDB????????????????,????????????????.(?????????,?????????????)
    88. 

  88. </p>
    89. 

  89. </li>
    90. 

  90. <li>
    91. 

  91. ?? goroutines:
    92. 

  92. <pre>(gdb) <b>info goroutines</b>
    93. 

  93. (gdb) <b>goroutine <i>n</i> <i>cmd</i></b>
    94. 

  94. (gdb) <b>help goroutine</b></pre>
    95. 

  95. For example:
    96. 

  96. <pre>(gdb) <b>goroutine 12 bt</b></pre>
    97. 

  97. </li>
    98. 

  98. </ul>
    99. 

  99. 

  100. <p>
    101. 

  101. ????????????????????????Go??????<a href="http://tip.golang.org/src/pkg/runtime/runtime-gdb.py">src/pkg/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</a>.???????????
    102. 

  102. (<code>hash&lt;T,U&gt;</code>) ??? (<code>runtime.m</code> and
    103. 

  103. <code>runtime.g</code>), ???????(<a href="http://tip.golang.org/src/cmd/ld/dwarf.c">src/cmd/ld/dwarf.c</a>)?DWARF???????.
    104. 

  104. 

  105. ?????????????,?? '<code>objdump -W 6.out</code>' ?? <code>.debug_*</code> ??
    106. 

  106. </p>
    107. 

  107. 

  108. 

  109. <h3 id="Known_Issues">????</h3>
    110. 

  110. 

  111. <ol>
    112. 

  112. <li>
    113. 

  113. ??????????????,??????????.
    114. 

  114. </li>
    115. 

  115. <li>
    116. 

  116. C???????????????.
    117. 

  117. </li>
    118. 

  118. <li>
    119. 

  119. GDB???GO???????, "fmt.Print"??????? <code>"."</code> ??????????. ??????<code>pkg.(*MyType).Meth</code>??????.
    120. 

  120. </li><li>
    121. 

  121. ??????????? <code>"main"</code> ??.</li>
    122. 

  122. </ol>
    123. 

  123. 

  124. <h2 id="Tutorial">????</h2>
    125. 

  125. 

  126. <p>
    127. 

  127. ??????, ?????<a href="http://tip.golang.org/pkg/regexp/">regexp</a> ????????????. ????????, ???? <code>$GOROOT/src/pkg/regexp</code> 
    128. 

  128. ??? <code>gotest</code>. ?????????? <code>6.out</code> ??????.
    129. 

  129. </p>
    130. 

  130. 

  131. 

  132. <h3 id="Getting_Started">??</h3>
    133. 

  133. 

  134. <p>
    135. 

  135. ??GDB, ?? <code>6.out</code>:
    136. 

  136. </p>
    137. 

  137. 

  138. <pre>$ <b>gdb 6.out</b>
    139. 

  139. GNU gdb (GDB) 7.2-gg8
    140. 

  140. Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    141. 

  141. License GPLv  3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later &lt;http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html&gt;
    142. 

  142. Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for licensing/warranty details.
    143. 

  143. This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux".
    144. 

  144. 

  145. Reading symbols from  /home/user/go/src/pkg/regexp/6.out...
    146. 

  146. done.
    147. 

  147. Loading Go Runtime support.
    148. 

  148. (gdb) 
    149. 

  149. </pre>
    150. 

  150. 

  151. <p>
    152. 

  152. <code>"Loading Go Runtime support"</code> ????GDB? <code>$GOROOT/src/pkg/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</code> ???GO??????.
    153. 

  153. </p>
    154. 

  154. 

  155. <p>
    156. 

  156. ????GDB????Go???????????, ??<code>'-d'</code> <code>$GOROOT</code> 
    157. 

  157. </p>
    158. 

  158. 

  159. <pre>$ <b>gdb 6.out -d $GOROOT</b>
    160. 

  160. </pre>
    161. 

  161. 

  162. <p>
    163. 

  163. ????????GDB????????????, ???????(????go????? <code>~/go/</code> ):
    164. 

  164. </p><p>
    165. 

  165. 

  166. </p><pre>(gdb) <b>source ~/go/src/pkg/runtime/runtime-gdb.py</b>
    167. 

  167. ??Go?????.
    168. 

  168. </pre>
    169. 

  169. 

  170. <h3 id="Inspecting_the_source">????</h3>
    171. 

  171. 

  172. <p>
    173. 

  173. ?? <code>"l"</code> ?? <code>"list"</code> ???????
    174. 

  174. </p>
    175. 

  175. 

  176. <pre>(gdb) <b>l</b>
    177. 

  177. </pre>
    178. 

  178. 

  179. <p>
    180. 

  180. ?? <code>"list"</code> ???????????(????????).
    181. 

  181. </p>
    182. 

  182. 

  183. <pre>(gdb) <b>l main.main</b>
    184. 

  184. </pre>
    185. 

  185. 

  186. <p>
    187. 

  187. ????????????:
    188. 

  188. </p>
    189. 

  189. 

  190. <pre>(gdb) <b>l regexp.go:1</b>
    191. 

  191. (gdb) <i># Hit enter to repeat last command. Here, this lists next 10 lines.</i>
    192. 

  192. </pre>
    193. 

  193. 

  194. 

  195. <h3 id="Naming">??</h3>
    196. 

  196. 

  197. <p>
    198. 

  198. ?????????????????. <code>regexp</code> ??? <code>Compile</code> ???GDB??? <code>'regexp.Compile'</code>. 
    199. 

  199. </p>
    200. 

  200. 

  201. <p>
    202. 

  202. ????????????. ??, <code>*Regexp</code> ??? <code>doParse</code> ?????? <code>'regexp.*Regexp.doParse'</code>. (?????????"middot,", ??Go???????.)
    203. 

  203. </p>
    204. 

  204. 

  205. <p>
    206. 

  206. ??????, ???????????????????. ???????????? '&amp;' ?????.
    207. 

  207. </p>
    208. 

  208. 

  209. <h3 id="Setting_breakpoints">????</h3>
    210. 

  210. 

  211. <p>
    212. 

  212. ? <code>TestFind</code> ???????
    213. 

  213. </p>
    214. 

  214. 

  215. <pre>(gdb) <b>b 'regexp.TestFind'</b>
    216. 

  216. Breakpoint 1 at 0x424908: file /home/user/go/src/pkg/regexp/find_test.go, line 148.
    217. 

  217. </pre>
    218. 

  218. 

  219. <p>
    220. 

  220. Run the program:
    221. 

  221. </p>
    222. 

  222. 

  223. <pre>(gdb) <b>run</b>
    224. 

  224. Starting program: /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/regexp/6.out 
    225. 

  225. 

  226. Breakpoint 1, regexp.TestFind (t=0xf8404a89c0) at /home/user/go/src/pkg/regexp/find_test.go:148
    227. 

  227. 148	func TestFind(t *testing.T) {
    228. 

  228. </pre>
    229. 

  229. 

  230. <p>
    231. 

  231. ??????????. ????????goroutines:
    232. 

  232. </p>
    233. 

  233. 

  234. <pre>(gdb) <b>info goroutines</b>
    235. 

  235.   1  waiting runtime.gosched
    236. 

  236. * 13  running runtime.goexit
    237. 

  237. </pre>
    238. 

  238. 

  239. <p>
    240. 

  240. the one marked with the <code>*</code> is the current goroutine.
    241. 

  241. </p>
    242. 

  242. 

  243. <h3 id="Inspecting_the_stack">Inspecting the stack</h3>
    244. 

  244. 

  245. <p>
    246. 

  246. ?????????????:
    247. 

  247. </p>
    248. 

  248. 

  249. <pre>(gdb) <b>bt</b>  <i># backtrace</i>
    250. 

  250. #0  regexp.TestFind (t=0xf8404a89c0) at /home/user/go/src/pkg/regexp/find_test.go:148
    251. 

  251. #1  0x000000000042f60b in testing.tRunner (t=0xf8404a89c0, test=0x573720) at /home/user/go/src/pkg/testing/testing.go:156
    252. 

  252. #2  0x000000000040df64 in runtime.initdone () at /home/user/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:242
    253. 

  253. #3  0x000000f8404a89c0 in ?? ()
    254. 

  254. #4  0x0000000000573720 in ?? ()
    255. 

  255. #5  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
    256. 

  256. </pre>
    257. 

  257. 

  258. <p>
    259. 

  259. The other goroutine, number 1, is stuck in <code>runtime.gosched</code>, blocked on a channel receive:
    260. 

  260. </p>
    261. 

  261. 

  262. <pre>(gdb) <b>goroutine 1 bt</b>
    263. 

  263. #0  0x000000000040facb in runtime.gosched () at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:873
    264. 

  264. #1  0x00000000004031c9 in runtime.chanrecv (c=void, ep=void, selected=void, received=void)
    265. 

  265.  at  /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/runtime/chan.c:342
    266. 

  266. #2  0x0000000000403299 in runtime.chanrecv1 (t=void, c=void) at/home/lvd/g/src/pkg/runtime/chan.c:423
    267. 

  267. #3  0x000000000043075b in testing.RunTests (matchString={void (struct string, struct string, bool *, error *)} 0x7ffff7f9ef60, tests=  []testing.InternalTest = {...}) at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/testing/testing.go:201
    268. 

  268. #4  0x00000000004302b1 in testing.Main (matchString={void (struct string, struct string, bool *, error *)} 0x7ffff7f9ef80, tests= []testing.InternalTest = {...}, benchmarks= []testing.InternalBenchmark = {...})
    269. 

  269.     at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/testing/testing.go:168
    270. 

  270. #5  0x0000000000400dc1 in main.main () at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/regexp/_testmain.go:98
    271. 

  271. #6  0x00000000004022e7 in runtime.mainstart () at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/runtime/amd64/asm.s:78
    272. 

  272. #7  0x000000000040ea6f in runtime.initdone () at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:243
    273. 

  273. #8  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
    274. 

  274. </pre>
    275. 

  275. 

  276. <p>
    277. 

  277. ?????????????? <code>regexp.TestFind</code> ??, ??????.
    278. 

  278. </p>
    279. 

  279. 

  280. <pre>(gdb) <b>info frame</b>
    281. 

  281. Stack level 0, frame at 0x7ffff7f9ff88:
    282. 

  282.  rip = 0x425530 in regexp.TestFind (/home/lvd/g/src/pkg/regexp/find_test.go:148); 
    283. 

  283.     saved rip 0x430233
    284. 

  284.  called by frame at 0x7ffff7f9ffa8
    285. 

  285.  source language minimal.
    286. 

  286.  Arglist at 0x7ffff7f9ff78, args: t=0xf840688b60
    287. 

  287.  Locals at 0x7ffff7f9ff78, Previous frame's sp is 0x7ffff7f9ff88
    288. 

  288.  Saved registers:
    289. 

  289.   rip at 0x7ffff7f9ff80
    290. 

  290. </pre>
    291. 

  291. 

  292. <p>
    293. 

  293. <code>info locals</code> ??????????????, ???????, ???????????????. ????????????gdb?????????.
    294. 

  294. </p>
    295. 

  295. 

  296. <p>
    297. 

  297. ????:
    298. 

  298. </p>
    299. 

  299. 

  300. <pre>(gdb) <b>info args</b>
    301. 

  301. t = 0xf840688b60
    302. 

  302. </pre>
    303. 

  303. 

  304. <p>
    305. 

  305. ??????, ?? <code>Regexp</code> ???. GDB????? <code>*</code> ????????, ?????C???'struct'???.
    306. 

  306. </p>
    307. 

  307. 

  308. <pre>(gdb) <b>p re</b>
    309. 

  309. (gdb) p t
    310. 

  310. $1 = (struct testing.T *) 0xf840688b60
    311. 

  311. (gdb) p t
    312. 

  312. $1 = (struct testing.T *) 0xf840688b60
    313. 

  313. (gdb) p *t
    314. 

  314. $2 = {errors = "", failed = false, ch = 0xf8406f5690}
    315. 

  315. (gdb) p *t-&gt;ch
    316. 

  316. $3 = struct hchan&lt;*testing.T&gt;
    317. 

  317. </pre>
    318. 

  318. 

  319. <p>
    320. 

  320. <code>struct hchan&lt;*testing.T&gt;</code> ?channel?????????. ????, gdb?????????.
    321. 

  321. </p>
    322. 

  322. 

  323. <p>
    324. 

  324. ????:
    325. 

  325. </p>
    326. 

  326. 

  327. <pre>(gdb) <b>n</b>  <i># execute next line</i>
    328. 

  328. 149             for _, test := range findTests {
    329. 

  329. (gdb)    <i># enter is repeat</i>
    330. 

  330. 150                     re := MustCompile(test.pat)
    331. 

  331. (gdb) <b>p test.pat</b>
    332. 

  332. $4 = ""
    333. 

  333. (gdb) <b>p re</b>
    334. 

  334. $5 = (struct regexp.Regexp *) 0xf84068d070
    335. 

  335. (gdb) <b>p *re</b>
    336. 

  336. $6 = {expr = "", prog = 0xf840688b80, prefix = "", prefixBytes =  []uint8, prefixComplete = true, 
    337. 

  337.   prefixRune = 0, cond = 0 '\000', numSubexp = 0, longest = false, mu = {state = 0, sema = 0}, 
    338. 

  338.   machine =  []*regexp.machine}
    339. 

  339. (gdb) <b>p *re-&gt;prog</b>
    340. 

  340. $7 = {Inst =  []regexp/syntax.Inst = {{Op = 5 '\005', Out = 0, Arg = 0, Rune =  []int}, {Op = 
    341. 

  341.     6 '\006', Out = 2, Arg = 0, Rune =  []int}, {Op = 4 '\004', Out = 0, Arg = 0, Rune =  []int}}, 
    342. 

  342.   Start = 1, NumCap = 2}
    343. 

  343. </pre>
    344. 

  344. 

  345. 

  346. <p>
    347. 

  347. ?????? <code>"s"</code> ??? <code>String</code> ??:
    348. 

  348. </p>
    349. 

  349. 

  350. <pre>(gdb) <b>s</b>
    351. 

  351. regexp.(*Regexp).String (re=0xf84068d070, noname=void) at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/regexp/regexp.go:97
    352. 

  352. 97      func (re *Regexp) String() string {
    353. 

  353. </pre>
    354. 

  354. 

  355. <p>
    356. 

  356. ??????,???????:
    357. 

  357. </p>
    358. 

  358. 

  359. <pre>(gdb) <b>bt</b>
    360. 

  360. (gdb) bt
    361. 

  361. #0  regexp.(*Regexp).String (re=0xf84068d070, noname=void)
    362. 

  362.     at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/regexp/regexp.go:97
    363. 

  363. #1  0x0000000000425615 in regexp.TestFind (t=0xf840688b60)
    364. 

  364.     at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/regexp/find_test.go:151
    365. 

  365. #2  0x0000000000430233 in testing.tRunner (t=0xf840688b60, test=0x5747b8)
    366. 

  366.     at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/testing/testing.go:156
    367. 

  367. #3  0x000000000040ea6f in runtime.initdone () at /home/lvd/g/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:243
    368. 

  368. ....
    369. 

  369. </pre>
    370. 

  370. 

  371. <p>
    372. 

  372. ?????:
    373. 

  373. </p>
    374. 

  374. 

  375. <pre>(gdb) <b>l</b>
    376. 

  376. 92              mu      sync.Mutex
    377. 

  377. 93              machine []*machine
    378. 

  378. 94      }
    379. 

  379. 95
    380. 

  380. 96      // String returns the source text used to compile the regular expression.
    381. 

  381. 97      func (re *Regexp) String() string {
    382. 

  382. 98              return re.expr
    383. 

  383. 99      }
    384. 

  384. 100
    385. 

  385. 101     // Compile parses a regular expression and returns, if successful,
    386. 

  386. </pre>
    387. 

  387. 

  388. <h3 id="Pretty_Printing">??</h3>
    389. 

  389. 

  390. <p>
    391. 

  391. GDB??????regexp???????. ?slice??:
    392. 

  392. </p>
    393. 

  393. 

  394. <pre>(gdb) <b>p utf</b>
    395. 

  395. $22 =  []uint8 = {0 '\000', 0 '\000', 0 '\000', 0 '\000'}
    396. 

  396. </pre>
    397. 

  397. 

  398. <p>
    399. 

  399. ??sinces, arrays, strings??C??, GDB????????, ??????????????:
    400. 

  400. </p>
    401. 

  401. <pre>
    402. 

  402. (gdb) <b>p slc</b>
    403. 

  403. $11 =  []int = {0, 0}
    404. 

  404. (gdb) <b>p slc-&gt;</b><i>&lt;TAB&gt;</i>
    405. 

  405. array  slc    len    
    406. 

  406. (gdb) <b>p slc-&gt;array</b>
    407. 

  407. $12 = (int *) 0xf84057af00
    408. 

  408. (gdb) <b>p slc-&gt;array[1]</b>
    409. 

  409. $13 = 0</pre>
    410. 

  410. 

  411. 

  412. 

  413. <p>
    414. 

  414. strings, arrays, slices?$len, #cap???
    415. 

  415. </p>
    416. 

  416. 

  417. <pre>(gdb) <b>p $len(utf)</b>
    418. 

  418. $23 = 4
    419. 

  419. (gdb) <b>p $cap(utf)</b>
    420. 

  420. $24 = 4
    421. 

  421. </pre>
    422. 

  422. 

  423. <p>
    424. 

  424. channels ? maps??????, gdb??????C++ <code>hash&lt;int,string&gt;*</code> ?????. ????????.
    425. 

  425. </p>
    426. 

  426. 

  427. <p>
    428. 

  428. ??????????????????. ????????Go GDB????????????. <code>$dtype</code> ???????????(<code>regexp.go</code> ? 293??????). 
    429. 

  429. </p>
    430. 

  430. 

  431. <pre>(gdb) <b>p i</b>
    432. 

  432. $4 = {str = "cbb"}
    433. 

  433. (gdb) <b>whatis i</b>
    434. 

  434. type = regexp.input
    435. 

  435. (gdb) <b>p $dtype(i)</b>
    436. 

  436. $26 = (struct regexp.inputBytes *) 0xf8400b4930
    437. 

  437. (gdb) <b>iface i</b>
    438. 

  438. regexp.input: struct regexp.inputBytes *
    439. 

  439. </pre>
    440. 

  440. 

  441. 

  442. </div>
    443. 

  443. 

  444. </div>
    445. 

  445. 

  446. <div id="copyright">
    447. 

  447. Build version weekly.2012-02-14 +a9e12ba1c6ea.
    448. 

  448. Except as noted, this content is licensed under a
    449. 

  449. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
    450. 

  450. </div>
    451. 

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