/dotmars/base/convert.d

/** Converter & Formatter



  Written in the D programming language 1.0



Authors:	Wei Li	(oldrev@gmail.com)

License:	BSD

Copyright:	Copyright (C) 2007 by Wei Li. 

Date:		May 17 2007

*/



/*

 TODO:

  * ???????????

*/



module dotmars.base.convert;



import dotmars.base.typetraits;

import dotmars.base.stdexcept;

import dotmars.base.stdtypes;



import dotmars.base.math;

import dotmars.text.utf;

import dotmars.base.string;



import dotmars.io.console;



//36????

const char[36] Digitals = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

const char[36] DigitalsLower = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";





private static  uint charToNumber(char c)

{

	if(c >= '0' && c <= '9')

		return c - '0';

	else if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')

		return c - 'A' + 10;

	else if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')

		return c - 'a' + 10;



	throw new FormatException("Invalid digital character");

}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



final static class BitConverter

{

	enum Endian

	{

		Little,

		Big

	}



	version(LittleEndian)

		public const bool IsLittleEndian = true;

	version(BigEndian)

		public const bool IsLittleEndian = false;



	public static T reverseByteOrder(T)(T value)

	{

		static assert(IsIntegerType!(T) || IsCharType!(T) && T.sizeof > 1);

		static if(is(T == ushort))

			return fastReverseByteOrder16(value); 



		T ret = value;

		ubyte* first = cast(ubyte*)(&ret); 

		ubyte* last = first + T.sizeof - 1; 

		while (first < last)

		{

			ubyte tmp = *first;

			*first = *last;

			*last = tmp;

			++first;

			--last;

		}

		return ret;

	}



	private static ushort fastReverseByteOrder16(ushort value)

	{

		ushort ret = value >> 8;

		ret += value << 8;

		return ret;

	}

	

	public static bool toBoolean(ubyte[] bytes)

	in {

		assert(bytes !is null);

	}

	body {

		if(bytes.length < 1) 

			throw new ArgumentException("toBoolean: Empty array");

		return bytes[0] == 0;

	}



	public static ubyte[] getBytes(T)(T value)

	{

		ubyte* ptr = cast(ubyte*)(&value);

		return ptr[0..value.sizeof];

	}



}



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



static class Integer

{

	//format INTs

	static void getChars(T)(T value, Sink!(char) sink, uint radix = 10, uint precision = 0, bool lower = false)

	in {

		static assert(IsIntegerType!(T));

		assert(radix >= 2 && radix <= 36);

	}

	body {

		//????2???

		char[T.sizeof * 8 + 1] a;

		size_t index = a.length - 1;

		T u = abs(value);

		do {

			a[index--] = 

				lower ? DigitalsLower[u % radix] : Digitals[u % radix];

		}while(u /= radix)



		if(value < 0)a[index--] = '-';



		size_t len = a[index + 1 .. $].length;



		if(precision > len)

		{

			for(size_t j = 0; j < precision - len; j++)

				sink('0');

		}



		foreach(char c; a[index + 1 .. $])

			sink(c);

	}



	static string toString(T)(T value, uint radix = 10, uint precision = 0, bool lower = false)

	{

		string result;

		Sink!(char) sink = 

			(char c) { result ~= c; };

		getChars!(T)(value, sink, radix, precision, lower);

		return result;

	}



	static T parse(T)(string str)

	{

		bool sign = false;

		T value = 0;

		uint radix = 10;

		size_t i = 0;



		for(; i < str.length; i++)

		{

			char c = str[i];

			//????

			if(c == ' ') continue;



			if(c == '-') 

			{

				sign = true;

				continue;

			}



			if(c == '+')

				continue;



			//???????



			//???????

			if(c != '0')break;



			//??????? '0'

			if(i >= str.length - 1)

				break;

		

			c = str[++i];

			switch(c)

			{

				case 'x':

				case 'X':

					radix = 16;

					i++;

					break;

				

				case 'b':

				case 'B':

					radix = 2;

					i++;

					break;



				//8??

				default:

					radix = 8;

					break;

			}



			break;

		}



		//??????????

		for(; i < str.length; i++)

		{

			char c = str[i];



			uint d = charToNumber(c);

			if(d < radix)

				value = value * radix + d;

			else //???????????

				throw new FormatException("toInteger: invalid character");

		}



		if(sign)value = -value;

		return value;

	}

}





///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



static class Float

{

	static void getChars(T)(T value, Sink!(char) sink, uint precision = 6, 

			bool scientific = false, bool lower = false)

	in {

		static assert(IsFloatType!(T));

		assert(sink !is null);

	} 

	body {

		T x = abs(value);

		

		const T radix = 10.0;



		int exp = cast(int)log10(x);



		int intDigits = exp + 1;

		if(exp < 0)

		{

			intDigits = -exp + 1;

			x *= pow(radix, cast(T)-exp);

		}	

		else

			x /= pow(radix, cast(T)exp);



		if(scientific)

			intDigits = 1;



		int digits = intDigits + precision;



		if(value < 0)sink('-');



		for(size_t i = 0; i < digits; i++)

		{

			if(i == intDigits)

				sink('.');

			int digit = cast(int)x;

			sink('0' + digit);

			x = (x - digit) * radix;

		}



		if(scientific)

		{

			if(lower)

				sink('e');

			else

				sink('E');

			if(exp > 9)

			{

				sink('0' + exp / 10);

				sink('0' + exp % 10);

			}

			else

				sink('0' + exp);

		}

	}



	static string toString(T)(T value, uint precision = 6, bool scientific = false, bool lower = false)

	{

		string result;

		Sink!(char) sink = (char c) { result ~= c; };

		getChars!(T)(value, sink, precision, scientific, lower);

		return result;

	}

}



//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



static final class Convert

{

	public static string toString(byte value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(int)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(short value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(int)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(int value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(int)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(long value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(long)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(ubyte value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(int)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(ushort value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(int)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(uint value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(uint)(value, radix);

	}



	public static string toString(ulong value, uint radix = 10) {

		return Integer.toString!(ulong)(value, radix);

	}



	// floats

	public static string toString(float value) {

		return Float.toString!(float)(value);

	}



	public static string toString(double value) {

		return Float.toString!(float)(value);

	}



	public static string toString(real value) {

		return Float.toString!(real)(value);

	}



	//imaginary numbers

	public static string toString(ifloat value) {

		return Float.toString!(float)(cast(float)value) ~ 'i';

	}



	public static string toString(idouble value) {

		return Float.toString!(double)(cast(double)value) ~ 'i';

	}



	public static string toString(ireal value) {

		return Float.toString!(real)(cast(real)value) ~ 'i';

	}



	//complex numbers

	public static string toString(cfloat value){

		return Float.toString!(float)(cast(float)value.re) ~ 

			'+' ~ Float.toString!(float)(cast(float)value.im) ~ 'i';

	}



	public static string toString(cdouble value){

		return Float.toString!(double)(cast(double)value.re) ~ 

			'+' ~ Float.toString!(double)(cast(double)value.im) ~ 'i';

	}



	public static string toString(creal value){

		return Float.toString!(real)(cast(real)value.re) ~ 

			'+' ~ Float.toString!(real)(cast(real)value.im) ~ 'i';

	}



	public static T fromString(T)(string str)

	{

		static if(IsIntegerType!(T))

		{

			return Integer.parse!(T)(str);

		}

		else

		{

			static assert(false, "not implemented");

		}

	}





	private static bool isDecimalChar(char c)

	{

		if(c >= '0' && c <= '9')return true;

		return false;

	}

}



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



static class Formatter

{ 

	const size_t MaxArguments = 16;



	static void format(Sink!(char) sink, string fmt, ...)

	{

		format(sink, fmt, _argptr, _arguments);

	}



	static void format(Sink!(char) sink, Argument argPtr, TypeInfo[] argtis, string fmt)

	in {

		assert(sink !is null);

		assert(fmt !is null);

	}

	body {

		assert(argtis.length <= MaxArguments, "Formatter.format(): Too many arguments");

		Argument[MaxArguments] args = void;

		//??????

		foreach (size_t i, ti; argtis)

		{

			args[i] = argPtr;



			//??? stdarg.d?????CPU?????????

			argPtr += (ti.tsize + size_t.sizeof - 1) & ~ (size_t.sizeof - 1);

		}



		doFormat(sink, fmt, args, argtis);

	}



	static string format(string fmt, ...) {

		string ret;

		Sink!(char) sink = (char c){ ret ~= c; } ;

		format(sink, fmt, _argptr, _arguments);

		return ret;

	}



	static size_t sprint(string dest, Argument argPtr, TypeInfo[] argtis, string fmt)

	in {

		assert(dest !is null);

	}

	body {

		size_t n = 0;

		Sink!(char) sink = 

			(char c) { dest[n++] = c; } ;

		format(sink, fmt, argPtr, argtis);

		return n;

	}



	static size_t sprint(string dest, string fmt, ...) {

		return sprint(dest, fmt, _argptr, _arguments);

	}



	private static void formatString(T)(Sink!(char) sink, string fmt,  T str)

	{

		static assert(is(T == string) || is(T == wstring) || is( T == dstring));

		if(fmt.length > 0)

			throw new FormatException("Not Supported");



		static if(is(T == string)) {

			foreach(char c; str)

				sink(c);

		}

		else static if(is(T == wstring)) {

			foreach(wchar c; str)

				.toUtf8(c, sink);

		}

		else static if(is(T == dstring)) {

			foreach(dchar c; str)

				.toUtf8(c, sink);

		}

	}



	private static void formatInteger(T)( Sink!(char) sink, string fmtstr, T i)

	in {

		static assert(IsIntegerType!(T));

	}

	body {



		bool lower = false;

		uint radix = 10;

		int precision = 0;



		if(fmtstr !is null && fmtstr.length >= 1)

		{

			char fmt = fmtstr[0];



			switch(fmt)

			{

				case 'x':

					radix = 16;

					lower = true;

					break;



				case 'X':

					radix = 16;

					break;



				case 'g':

				case 'G':

				case 'D':

				case 'd':

					radix = 10;

					break;



				default:

					throw new FormatException("Syntax error");

					break;

			}



			if(fmtstr.length > 1)

			{

				size_t l = 0;

				precision = extractDecimal(fmtstr[1..$], l);

				if(precision < 0)

					throw new FormatException("Invalid precision");

			}

		}

		

		Integer.getChars!(T)(i, sink, radix, precision, lower);

	}



	private static void formatFloat(T)(Sink!(char) sink, string fmtstr, T f)

	{

		uint precision = 6;

		bool scientific = false;

		bool lower = false;



		if(fmtstr !is null && fmtstr.length >= 1)

		{

			char fmt = fmtstr[0];



			switch(fmt)

			{

				case 'E':

					scientific = true;

					lower = false;

					break;



				case 'e':

					scientific = true;

					lower = true;

					break;



				case 'g':

				case 'G':

				case 'd':

				case 'D':

					scientific = false;

					break;



				default:

					throw new FormatException("Syntax error");

					break;

			}



			if(fmtstr.length > 1)

			{

				size_t l = 0;

				precision = extractDecimal(fmtstr[1..$], l);

				if(precision < 0)

					throw new FormatException("Invalid precision");

			}

		}



		

		Float.getChars!(T)(f, sink, precision, scientific, lower);  

	}



	private static void putSpaces(Sink!(char) sink, uint n) {

		for(uint i = 0; i < n; i++)

			sink(' ');

	}



	private static uint extractDecimal(string str, out size_t len) {

		assert(str !is null);

		len = 0;

		foreach(char c; str)

		{

			if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') len++;

			else break;

		}

		if(len == 0)

			throw new FormatException("Format: syntax error");

		return Convert.fromString!(uint)(str[0 .. len]);

	}





	private static size_t findRightBrach(string str) 

	{

		assert(str !is null);



		foreach(size_t i, char c; str) {

			if(c == '}')

				return i;

		}



		// "{}" have not matched.

		throw new FormatException("Format: Syntax error");

	}



	private static void doFormat(Sink!(char) sink, string fmt, Argument[] args, TypeInfo[] ti)

	{

		for(size_t i = 0; i < fmt.length;)

		{

			// skip the escape char

			for(; i < fmt.length && fmt[i] != '{'; i++)

				sink(fmt[i]);



			if(i >= fmt.length)break;



			// "{{"

			if(i < fmt.length - 1 && fmt[i + 1] == '{')

			{

				i += 2;

				sink('{');

				continue;

			}



			size_t beginBrach = i;

			size_t endBrach = i + findRightBrach(fmt[i .. $]);



			// parsing the format string

			doParse(sink, fmt[beginBrach + 1 .. endBrach], args, ti);



			i = endBrach + 1; 

		}

	}





	//???????????

	private static void doParse(Sink!(char) sink, string fmt, Argument[] args, TypeInfo[] ti)

	in {

		assert(fmt !is null);

		assert(args !is null);

		assert(ti !is null);

	}

	body {

		//{INDEX,+/-ALIGNMENT:FORMAT}

		size_t i = 0, len = 0;

		// skip spaces

		while(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ' ') i++;

		// extract the index

		uint index = extractDecimal(fmt[i..$], len);

		if(index >= ti.length)

			throw new FormatException("Invalid index of place holder");



		i += len;



		//skip spaces

		while(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ' ') i++;



		//deal with alignment

		int alignment = 0;

		if(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ',')

		{

			i++;

			while(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ' ') i++;

			bool sign = false;

			if(fmt[i] == '-')

			{

				i++;

				sign = true;

			}

			if(fmt[i] == '+')

				i++;



			alignment = extractDecimal(fmt[i..$], len);

			if(sign) alignment = -alignment;

			i += len;

		}



		//skip spaces

		while(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ' ') i++;



		string fmtstr = null;

		if(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ':')

		{

			i++;

			while(i < fmt.length && fmt[i] == ' ') i++;

			size_t l = i;

			while(l < fmt.length && fmt[l] != ' ') l++;

			fmtstr = fmt[i .. l];

		}

		

		handleAlignment(sink, alignment, fmtstr, args[index], ti[index]);

	}



	private static void formatDisp(Sink!(char) sink, string fmtstr, Argument arg, TypeInfo ti) 

	in {

		assert(sink !is null);

		assert(ti !is null);

	}

	body {

		// integers

		if(ti == typeid(byte)) {

			byte* pval = cast(byte*)arg;

			formatInteger!(byte)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(ubyte)) {

			ubyte* pval = cast(ubyte*)arg;

			formatInteger!(ubyte)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if (ti == typeid(short)) {

			short* pval = cast(short*)arg;

			formatInteger!(short)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(ushort)) {

			ushort* pval = cast(ushort*)arg;

			formatInteger!(ushort)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(int)) {

			int* pval = cast(int*)arg;

			formatInteger!(int)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		} 

		else if(ti == typeid(uint)) {

			uint* pval = cast(uint*)arg;

			formatInteger!(uint)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(long)) {

			long* pval = cast(long*)arg;

			formatInteger!(long)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(ulong)) {

			ulong* pval = cast(ulong*)arg;

			formatInteger!(ulong)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		// floats

		else if(ti == typeid(float)) {

			float* pval = cast(float*)arg;

			formatFloat!(float)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(double)) {

			double* pval = cast(double*)arg;

			formatFloat!(double)(sink, fmtstr,*pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(real)) {

			real* pval = cast(real*)arg;

			formatFloat!(real)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(ifloat))

		{

			float* pval = cast(float*)arg;

			formatFloat!(float)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(idouble))

		{

			double* pval = cast(double*)arg;

			formatFloat!(double)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(ireal))

		{

			real* pval = cast(real*)arg;

			formatFloat!(real)(sink, fmtstr, *pval);

		}

		/*

		else if(ti == typeid(cfloat))

		{

			cfloat* pval = cast(cfloat*)arg;

			formatOne(fmtstr, sink, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(cdouble))

		{

			cdouble* pval = cast(cdouble*)arg;

			formatOne(fmtstr, sink, *pval);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(creal))

		{

			creal* pval = cast(creal*)arg;

			formatOne(fmtstr, sink, *pval);

		}*/

		//string type

		else if(ti == typeid(string)) {

			string *pstr = cast(string*)arg;

			formatString!(string)(sink, fmtstr, *pstr);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(wstring)) {

			wstring *pstr = cast(wstring*)arg;

			formatString!(wstring)(sink, fmtstr, *pstr);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(dstring)) {

			dstring *pstr = cast(dstring*)arg;

			formatString!(dstring)(sink, fmtstr, *pstr);

		}

		//character type

		else if(ti == typeid(char)) {

			char *pstr = cast(char*)arg;

			formatString!(string)(sink, fmtstr, pstr[0..1]);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(wchar)) {

			wchar *pstr = cast(wchar*)arg;

			formatString!(wstring)(sink, fmtstr, pstr[0..1]);

		}

		else if(ti == typeid(dchar)) {

			dchar *pstr = cast(dchar*)arg;

			formatString!(dstring)(sink, fmtstr, pstr[0..1]);

		}

		//boolean

		else if(ti == typeid(bool)) {

			bool *pval = cast(bool*)arg;

			formatString!(string)(sink, fmtstr, *pval ? "true" : "false");

		}

		//class

		else if(ti.classinfo.name == "TypeInfo_Class") 

		{

			Object* pobj = cast(Object*) arg;



			version(Tango) {

				string str = (*pobj) is null ? "<null>" : (*pobj).toUtf8;

			}

			else {

				string str = (*pobj) is null ? "<null>" : (*pobj).toString;

			}



			formatString!(string)(sink, fmtstr, str);

		}

		else {

			throw new FormatException("Unknown type");

		}



	}





	private static void handleAlignment(Sink!(char) sink, int alignment, 

			string fmt, Argument arg, TypeInfo ti)

	{

		int count = 0;

		Sink!(char) drySink = (char c) { count++; };

		formatDisp(drySink, fmt, arg, ti);

		int padding = abs(alignment) - count;



		if(padding > 0 && alignment > 0)

			putSpaces(sink, padding);



		formatDisp(sink, fmt, arg, ti);



		//right align

		if(padding > 0 && alignment < 0)

			putSpaces(sink, padding);

	}



}