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  1. <appendix id="gfdl">
  2. <appendixinfo>
  3. <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
  4. <pubdate>Version 1.2, November 2002</pubdate>
  5. <copyright><year>2000,2001,2002</year>
  6. <holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder></copyright>
  7. <legalnotice id="gfdl-legalnotice">
  8. <para><address>Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  9. <street>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor</street>,
  10. <city>Boston</city>,
  11. <state>MA</state>
  12. <postcode>02110-1301</postcode>
  13. <country>USA</country>
  14. </address></para>
  15. <para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  16. of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
  17. </legalnotice>
  18. <releaseinfo>Version 1.2, November 2002</releaseinfo>
  19. </appendixinfo>
  20. <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
  21. <section id="gfdl-0"><title>PREAMBLE</title>
  22. <para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
  23. other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
  24. assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
  25. or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  26. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  27. to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
  28. modifications made by others.</para>
  29. <para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
  30. works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
  31. complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
  32. designed for free software.</para>
  33. <para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
  34. free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  35. program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  36. software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
  37. can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  38. whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
  39. principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
  40. </section>
  41. <section id="gfdl-1"><title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
  42. <para id="gfdl-doc">This License applies to any manual or other work, in
  43. any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
  44. it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
  45. grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use
  46. that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
  47. refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
  48. licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
  49. copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
  50. copyright law.</para>
  51. <para id="gfdl-mod-ver">A "Modified Version" of the Document means any
  52. work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,
  53. or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</para>
  54. <para id="gfdl-secnd-sect">A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or
  55. a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
  56. relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
  57. Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
  58. that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the
  59. Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may
  60. not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
  61. historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
  62. legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
  63. regarding them.</para>
  64. <para id="gfdl-inv-sect">The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary
  65. Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
  66. Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
  67. this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
  68. Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The
  69. Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not
  70. identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.</para>
  71. <para id="gfdl-cov-text">The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of
  72. text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
  73. notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A
  74. Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at
  75. most 25 words.</para>
  76. <para id="gfdl-transparent">A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
  77. machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
  78. available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the
  79. document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
  80. composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
  81. available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
  82. formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
  83. for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
  84. file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
  85. thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
  86. Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
  87. substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
  88. "Opaque".</para>
  89. <para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
  90. ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or
  91. XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
  92. PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
  93. transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
  94. include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
  95. proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
  96. processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
  97. HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
  98. purposes only.</para>
  99. <para id="gfdl-title-page">The "Title Page" means, for a printed book,
  100. the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
  101. legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
  102. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
  103. Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's
  104. title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</para>
  105. <para id="gfdl-entitled">A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit
  106. of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
  107. parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.
  108. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
  109. "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To
  110. "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
  111. means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
  112. definition.</para>
  113. <para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
  114. which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
  115. Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
  116. but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
  117. these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
  118. meaning of this License.</para>
  119. </section>
  120. <section id="gfdl-2"><title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
  121. <para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
  122. commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
  123. copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
  124. the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
  125. conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
  126. technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
  127. of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
  128. compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
  129. number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  130. </para>
  131. <para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
  132. and you may publicly display copies.</para>
  133. </section>
  134. <section id="gfdl-3"><title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
  135. <para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
  136. have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
  137. Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
  138. copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
  139. Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
  140. cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
  141. publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
  142. with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
  143. other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
  144. to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
  145. satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
  146. respects.</para>
  147. <para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
  148. legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  149. reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
  150. pages.</para>
  151. <para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
  152. numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
  153. Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
  154. Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
  155. network-using public has access to download using public-standard
  156. network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of
  157. added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably
  158. prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,
  159. to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the
  160. stated location until at least one year after the last time you
  161. distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers)
  162. of that edition to the public.</para>
  163. <para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
  164. the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
  165. give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
  166. Document.</para>
  167. </section>
  168. <section id="gfdl-4"><title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
  169. <para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
  170. under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
  171. release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
  172. Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
  173. distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
  174. possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
  175. Modified Version:</para>
  176. <orderedlist id="gfdl-modif-cond" numeration="upperalpha">
  177. <title>GNU FDL Modification Conditions</title>
  178. <listitem><simpara>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a
  179. title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
  180. versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
  181. section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
  182. version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
  183. </simpara></listitem>
  184. <listitem><simpara>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more
  185. persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
  186. the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
  187. authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer
  188. than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
  189. </simpara></listitem>
  190. <listitem><simpara>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of
  191. the Modified Version, as the publisher.</simpara></listitem>
  192. <listitem><simpara>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  193. </simpara></listitem>
  194. <listitem><simpara>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
  195. modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
  196. </simpara></listitem>
  197. <listitem><simpara>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
  198. license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
  199. Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
  200. <link linkend="gfdl-addendum">Addendum</link> below.
  201. </simpara></listitem>
  202. <listitem><simpara>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
  203. Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
  204. license notice.</simpara></listitem>
  205. <listitem><simpara>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  206. </simpara></listitem>
  207. <listitem><simpara>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its
  208. Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
  209. authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
  210. Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document,
  211. create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
  212. Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
  213. Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  214. </simpara></listitem>
  215. <listitem><simpara>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
  216. Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
  217. likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
  218. versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
  219. section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
  220. published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
  221. original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  222. </simpara></listitem>
  223. <listitem><simpara>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or
  224. "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
  225. section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
  226. acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
  227. </simpara></listitem>
  228. <listitem><simpara>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  229. unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
  230. equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
  231. </simpara></listitem>
  232. <listitem><simpara>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".
  233. Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
  234. </simpara></listitem>
  235. <listitem><simpara>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
  236. "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  237. </simpara></listitem>
  238. <listitem><simpara>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  239. </simpara></listitem>
  240. </orderedlist>
  241. <para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  242. appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  243. copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  244. of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
  245. list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
  246. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
  247. <para>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it
  248. contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  249. parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  250. been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  251. standard.</para>
  252. <para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
  253. and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
  254. list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
  255. Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
  256. arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
  257. a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
  258. arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may
  259. not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission
  260. from the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
  261. <para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
  262. License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
  263. assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
  264. </section>
  265. <section id="gfdl-5"><title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
  266. <para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under
  267. this License, under the terms defined in <link linkend="gfdl-4">section
  268. 4</link> above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
  269. combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original
  270. documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
  271. combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
  272. Warranty Disclaimers.</para>
  273. <para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  274. multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  275. copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  276. different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
  277. at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
  278. publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
  279. same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
  280. in the license notice of the combined work.</para>
  281. <para>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
  282. "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
  283. Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
  284. "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must
  285. delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".</para>
  286. </section>
  287. <section id="gfdl-6"><title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
  288. <para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
  289. documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies
  290. of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is
  291. included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this
  292. License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
  293. respects.</para>
  294. <para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
  295. distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
  296. copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
  297. License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
  298. document.</para>
  299. </section>
  300. <section id="gfdl-7"><title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
  301. <para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
  302. separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
  303. storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
  304. copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
  305. rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works
  306. permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
  307. not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
  308. derivative works of the Document.</para>
  309. <para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  310. copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
  311. the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
  312. that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
  313. equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise
  314. they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
  315. aggregate.</para>
  316. </section>
  317. <section id="gfdl-8"><title>TRANSLATION</title>
  318. <para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  319. distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  320. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  321. permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  322. translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  323. original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
  324. translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
  325. Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
  326. the original English version of this License and the original versions
  327. of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
  328. translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
  329. disclaimer, the original version will prevail.</para>
  330. <para>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
  331. "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its
  332. Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
  333. title.</para>
  334. </section>
  335. <section id="gfdl-9"><title>TERMINATION</title>
  336. <para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
  337. except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
  338. to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
  339. automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
  340. parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License
  341. will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
  342. in full compliance.</para>
  343. </section>
  344. <section id="gfdl-10"><title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
  345. <para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
  346. the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
  347. will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
  348. detail to address new problems or concerns. See
  349. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.</para>
  350. <para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
  351. number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of
  352. this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option
  353. of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version
  354. or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  355. Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
  356. number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  357. as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
  358. </section>
  359. <section id="gfdl-addendum"><title>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for
  360. your documents</title>
  361. <para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy
  362. of the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  363. license notices just after the title page:</para>
  364. <blockquote id="copyright-sample">
  365. <title>Sample Invariant Sections list</title><para>
  366. Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
  367. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  368. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
  369. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  370. with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
  371. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
  372. Free Documentation License".
  373. </para></blockquote>
  374. <para>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
  375. Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</para>
  376. <blockquote id="inv-cover-sample">
  377. <title>Sample Invariant Sections list</title>
  378. <para>
  379. with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
  380. Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
  381. </para></blockquote>
  382. <para>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
  383. combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
  384. situation.</para>
  385. <para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  386. recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
  387. software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
  388. their use in free software.</para>
  389. </section>
  390. </appendix>