/libs/adodb/adodb.inc.php

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<?php 
/*
 * Set tabs to 4 for best viewing.
 * 
 * Latest version is available at http://adodb.sourceforge.net
 * 
 * This is the main include file for ADOdb.
 * Database specific drivers are stored in the adodb/drivers/adodb-*.inc.php
 *
 * The ADOdb files are formatted so that doxygen can be used to generate documentation.
 * Doxygen is a documentation generation tool and can be downloaded from http://doxygen.org/
 */

/**
	\mainpage
	
	 @version V5.06 29 Sept 2008   (c) 2000-2008 John Lim (jlim#natsoft.com). All rights reserved.

	Released under both BSD license and Lesser GPL library license. You can choose which license
	you prefer.
	
	PHP's database access functions are not standardised. This creates a need for a database 
	class library to hide the differences between the different database API's (encapsulate 
	the differences) so we can easily switch databases.

	We currently support MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Sybase SQL Anywhere, DB2,
	Informix, PostgreSQL, FrontBase, Interbase (Firebird and Borland variants), Foxpro, Access,
	ADO, SAP DB, SQLite and ODBC. We have had successful reports of connecting to Progress and
	other databases via ODBC.

	Latest Download at http://adodb.sourceforge.net/
	  
 */
 
 if (!defined('_ADODB_LAYER')) {
 	define('_ADODB_LAYER',1);
	
	//==============================================================================================	
	// CONSTANT DEFINITIONS
	//==============================================================================================	


	/** 
	 * Set ADODB_DIR to the directory where this file resides...
	 * This constant was formerly called $ADODB_RootPath
	 */
	if (!defined('ADODB_DIR')) define('ADODB_DIR',dirname(__FILE__));
	
	//==============================================================================================	
	// GLOBAL VARIABLES
	//==============================================================================================	

	GLOBAL 
		$ADODB_vers, 		// database version
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS,	// count number of records returned - slows down query
		$ADODB_CACHE_DIR,	// directory to cache recordsets
		$ADODB_CACHE,
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS,
		$ADODB_EXTENSION,   // ADODB extension installed
		$ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH, // If $ADODB_COUNTRECS and this is true, $rs->fields is available on EOF
	 	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE,	// DEFAULT, NUM, ASSOC or BOTH. Default follows native driver default...
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF,
		$ADODB_QUOTE_FIELDNAMES; // Allows you to force quotes (backticks) around field names in queries generated by getinsertsql and getupdatesql.	
	
	//==============================================================================================	
	// GLOBAL SETUP
	//==============================================================================================	
	
	$ADODB_EXTENSION = defined('ADODB_EXTENSION');
	
	//********************************************************//
	/*
	Controls $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE mode. Default is ADODB_FORCE_VALUE (3).
	Used in GetUpdateSql and GetInsertSql functions. Thx to Niko, nuko#mbnet.fi

 		0 = ignore empty fields. All empty fields in array are ignored.
		1 = force null. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are changed to sql NULL values.
		2 = force empty. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are changed to sql empty '' or 0 values.
		3 = force value. Value is left as it is. Php null and string 'null' are set to sql NULL values and empty fields '' are set to empty '' sql values.
	*/
        define('ADODB_FORCE_IGNORE',0);
        define('ADODB_FORCE_NULL',1);
        define('ADODB_FORCE_EMPTY',2);
        define('ADODB_FORCE_VALUE',3);
    //********************************************************//


	if (!$ADODB_EXTENSION || ADODB_EXTENSION < 4.0) {
		
		define('ADODB_BAD_RS','<p>Bad $rs in %s. Connection or SQL invalid. Try using $connection->debug=true;</p>');
	
	// allow [ ] @ ` " and . in table names
		define('ADODB_TABLE_REGEX','([]0-9a-z_\:\"\`\.\@\[-]*)');
	
	// prefetching used by oracle
		if (!defined('ADODB_PREFETCH_ROWS')) define('ADODB_PREFETCH_ROWS',10);
	
	
	/*
	Controls ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC field-name case. Default is 2, use native case-names.
	This currently works only with mssql, odbc, oci8po and ibase derived drivers.
	
 		0 = assoc lowercase field names. $rs->fields['orderid']
		1 = assoc uppercase field names. $rs->fields['ORDERID']
		2 = use native-case field names. $rs->fields['OrderID']
	*/
	
		define('ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT',0);
		define('ADODB_FETCH_NUM',1);
		define('ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC',2);
		define('ADODB_FETCH_BOTH',3);
		
		if (!defined('TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR')) define('TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR',100);
	
		// PHP's version scheme makes converting to numbers difficult - workaround
		$_adodb_ver = (float) PHP_VERSION;
		if ($_adodb_ver >= 5.2) {
			define('ADODB_PHPVER',0x5200);
		} else if ($_adodb_ver >= 5.0) {
			define('ADODB_PHPVER',0x5000);
		} else 
			die("PHP5 or later required. You are running ".PHP_VERSION);
	}

	// CFR: Active Records Definitions
	define('ADODB_JOIN_AR', 0x01);
	define('ADODB_WORK_AR', 0x02);
	define('ADODB_LAZY_AR', 0x03);
	
	//if (!defined('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE')) define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE',2);

	
	/**
	 	Accepts $src and $dest arrays, replacing string $data
	*/
	function ADODB_str_replace($src, $dest, $data)
	{
		if (ADODB_PHPVER >= 0x4050) return str_replace($src,$dest,$data);
		
		$s = reset($src);
		$d = reset($dest);
		while ($s !== false) {
			$data = str_replace($s,$d,$data);
			$s = next($src);
			$d = next($dest);
		}
		return $data;
	}
	
	function ADODB_Setup()
	{
	GLOBAL 
		$ADODB_vers, 		// database version
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS,	// count number of records returned - slows down query
		$ADODB_CACHE_DIR,	// directory to cache recordsets
	 	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE,
		$ADODB_CACHE,
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS,
		$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE,
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF,
		$ADODB_QUOTE_FIELDNAMES;
		
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS = 'ADODB_Cache_File';
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT;
		$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE = ADODB_FORCE_VALUE;
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF = null;

		if (!isset($ADODB_CACHE_DIR)) {
			$ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/tmp'; //(isset($_ENV['TMP'])) ? $_ENV['TMP'] : '/tmp';
		} else {
			// do not accept url based paths, eg. http:/ or ftp:/
			if (strpos($ADODB_CACHE_DIR,'://') !== false) 
				die("Illegal path http:// or ftp://");
		}
		
			
		// Initialize random number generator for randomizing cache flushes
		// -- note Since PHP 4.2.0, the seed  becomes optional and defaults to a random value if omitted.
		 srand(((double)microtime())*1000000);
		
		/**
		 * ADODB version as a string.
		 */
		$ADODB_vers = 'V5.06 29 Sept 2008  (c) 2000-2008 John Lim (jlim#natsoft.com). All rights reserved. Released BSD & LGPL.';
	
		/**
		 * Determines whether recordset->RecordCount() is used. 
		 * Set to false for highest performance -- RecordCount() will always return -1 then
		 * for databases that provide "virtual" recordcounts...
		 */
		if (!isset($ADODB_COUNTRECS)) $ADODB_COUNTRECS = true; 
	}
	
	
	//==============================================================================================	
	// CHANGE NOTHING BELOW UNLESS YOU ARE DESIGNING ADODB
	//==============================================================================================	
	
	ADODB_Setup();

	//==============================================================================================	
	// CLASS ADOFieldObject
	//==============================================================================================	
	/**
	 * Helper class for FetchFields -- holds info on a column
	 */
	class ADOFieldObject { 
		var $name = '';
		var $max_length=0;
		var $type="";
/*
		// additional fields by dannym... (danny_milo@yahoo.com)
		var $not_null = false; 
		// actually, this has already been built-in in the postgres, fbsql AND mysql module? ^-^
		// so we can as well make not_null standard (leaving it at "false" does not harm anyways)

		var $has_default = false; // this one I have done only in mysql and postgres for now ... 
			// others to come (dannym)
		var $default_value; // default, if any, and supported. Check has_default first.
*/
	}
	
	// for transaction handling
	
	function ADODB_TransMonitor($dbms, $fn, $errno, $errmsg, $p1, $p2, &$thisConnection)
	{
		//print "Errorno ($fn errno=$errno m=$errmsg) ";
		$thisConnection->_transOK = false;
		if ($thisConnection->_oldRaiseFn) {
			$fn = $thisConnection->_oldRaiseFn;
			$fn($dbms, $fn, $errno, $errmsg, $p1, $p2,$thisConnection);
		}
	}
	
	//------------------
	// class for caching
	class ADODB_Cache_File {
	
		var $createdir = true; // requires creation of temp dirs
		
		function ADODB_Cache_File()
		{
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_CSV;
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_CSV)) include(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-csvlib.inc.php');
		}
		
		// write serialised recordset to cache item/file
		function writecache($filename, $contents,  $debug, $secs2cache)
		{
			return adodb_write_file($filename, $contents,$debug);
		}
		
		// load serialised recordset and unserialise it
		function &readcache($filename, &$err, $secs2cache, $rsClass)
		{
			$rs = csv2rs($filename,$err,$secs2cache,$rsClass);
			return $rs;
		}
		
		// flush all items in cache
		function flushall($debug=false)
		{
		global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;

		$rez = false;
		
			if (strlen($ADODB_CACHE_DIR) > 1) {
				$rez = $this->_dirFlush($ADODB_CACHE_DIR);
	         	if ($debug) DOConnection::outp( "flushall: $dir<br><pre>\n". $rez."</pre>");
	   		}
			return $rez;
		}
		
		// flush one file in cache
		function flushcache($f, $debug=false)
		{
			if (!@unlink($f)) {
		   		if ($debug) ADOConnection::outp( "flushcache: failed for $f");
			}
		}
		
		function getdirname($hash)
		{
		global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;
			if (!isset($this->notSafeMode)) $this->notSafeMode = !ini_get('safe_mode');
			return ($this->notSafeMode) ? $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.'/'.substr($hash,0,2) : $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;
		}
		
		// create temp directories
		function createdir($hash, $debug)
		{
			$dir = $this->getdirname($hash);
			if ($this->notSafeMode && !file_exists($dir)) {
				$oldu = umask(0);
				if (!@mkdir($dir,0771)) if(!is_dir($dir) && $debug) ADOConnection::outp("Cannot create $dir");
				umask($oldu);
			}
		
			return $dir;
		}
		
		/**
		* Private function to erase all of the files and subdirectories in a directory.
		*
		* Just specify the directory, and tell it if you want to delete the directory or just clear it out.
		* Note: $kill_top_level is used internally in the function to flush subdirectories.
		*/
		function _dirFlush($dir, $kill_top_level = false) 
		{
		   if(!$dh = @opendir($dir)) return;
		   
		   while (($obj = readdir($dh))) {
		   		if($obj=='.' || $obj=='..') continue;
				$f = $dir.'/'.$obj;
		
				if (strpos($obj,'.cache')) @unlink($f);
				if (is_dir($f)) $this->_dirFlush($f, true);
		   }
		   if ($kill_top_level === true) @rmdir($dir);
		   return true;
		}
	}
	
	//==============================================================================================	
	// CLASS ADOConnection
	//==============================================================================================	
	
	/**
	 * Connection object. For connecting to databases, and executing queries.
	 */ 
	class ADOConnection {
	//
	// PUBLIC VARS 
	//
	var $dataProvider = 'native';
	var $databaseType = '';		/// RDBMS currently in use, eg. odbc, mysql, mssql					
	var $database = '';			/// Name of database to be used.	
	var $host = ''; 			/// The hostname of the database server	
	var $user = ''; 			/// The username which is used to connect to the database server. 
	var $password = ''; 		/// Password for the username. For security, we no longer store it.
	var $debug = false; 		/// if set to true will output sql statements
	var $maxblobsize = 262144; 	/// maximum size of blobs or large text fields (262144 = 256K)-- some db's die otherwise like foxpro
	var $concat_operator = '+'; /// default concat operator -- change to || for Oracle/Interbase	
	var $substr = 'substr';		/// substring operator
	var $length = 'length';		/// string length ofperator
	var $random = 'rand()';		/// random function
	var $upperCase = 'upper';		/// uppercase function
	var $fmtDate = "'Y-m-d'";	/// used by DBDate() as the default date format used by the database
	var $fmtTimeStamp = "'Y-m-d, h:i:s A'"; /// used by DBTimeStamp as the default timestamp fmt.
	var $true = '1'; 			/// string that represents TRUE for a database
	var $false = '0'; 			/// string that represents FALSE for a database
	var $replaceQuote = "\\'"; 	/// string to use to replace quotes
	var $nameQuote = '"';		/// string to use to quote identifiers and names
	var $charSet=false; 		/// character set to use - only for interbase, postgres and oci8
	var $metaDatabasesSQL = '';
	var $metaTablesSQL = '';
	var $uniqueOrderBy = false; /// All order by columns have to be unique
	var $emptyDate = '&nbsp;';
	var $emptyTimeStamp = '&nbsp;';
	var $lastInsID = false;
	//--
	var $hasInsertID = false; 		/// supports autoincrement ID?
	var $hasAffectedRows = false; 	/// supports affected rows for update/delete?
	var $hasTop = false;			/// support mssql/access SELECT TOP 10 * FROM TABLE
	var $hasLimit = false;			/// support pgsql/mysql SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 10
	var $readOnly = false; 			/// this is a readonly database - used by phpLens
	var $hasMoveFirst = false;  /// has ability to run MoveFirst(), scrolling backwards
	var $hasGenID = false; 		/// can generate sequences using GenID();
	var $hasTransactions = true; /// has transactions
	//--
	var $genID = 0; 			/// sequence id used by GenID();
	var $raiseErrorFn = false; 	/// error function to call
	var $isoDates = false; /// accepts dates in ISO format
	var $cacheSecs = 3600; /// cache for 1 hour

	// memcache
	var $memCache = false; /// should we use memCache instead of caching in files
	var $memCacheHost; /// memCache host
	var $memCachePort = 11211; /// memCache port
	var $memCacheCompress = false; /// Use 'true' to store the item compressed (uses zlib)

	var $sysDate = false; /// name of function that returns the current date
	var $sysTimeStamp = false; /// name of function that returns the current timestamp
	var $arrayClass = 'ADORecordSet_array'; /// name of class used to generate array recordsets, which are pre-downloaded recordsets
	
	var $noNullStrings = false; /// oracle specific stuff - if true ensures that '' is converted to ' '
	var $numCacheHits = 0; 
	var $numCacheMisses = 0;
	var $pageExecuteCountRows = true;
	var $uniqueSort = false; /// indicates that all fields in order by must be unique
	var $leftOuter = false; /// operator to use for left outer join in WHERE clause
	var $rightOuter = false; /// operator to use for right outer join in WHERE clause
	var $ansiOuter = false; /// whether ansi outer join syntax supported
	var $autoRollback = false; // autoRollback on PConnect().
	var $poorAffectedRows = false; // affectedRows not working or unreliable
	
	var $fnExecute = false;
	var $fnCacheExecute = false;
	var $blobEncodeType = false; // false=not required, 'I'=encode to integer, 'C'=encode to char
	var $rsPrefix = "ADORecordSet_";
	
	var $autoCommit = true; 	/// do not modify this yourself - actually private
	var $transOff = 0; 			/// temporarily disable transactions
	var $transCnt = 0; 			/// count of nested transactions
	
	var $fetchMode=false;
	
	var $null2null = 'null'; // in autoexecute/getinsertsql/getupdatesql, this value will be converted to a null
	 //
	 // PRIVATE VARS
	 //
	var $_oldRaiseFn =  false;
	var $_transOK = null;
	var $_connectionID	= false;	/// The returned link identifier whenever a successful database connection is made.	
	var $_errorMsg = false;		/// A variable which was used to keep the returned last error message.  The value will
								/// then returned by the errorMsg() function	
	var $_errorCode = false;	/// Last error code, not guaranteed to be used - only by oci8					
	var $_queryID = false;		/// This variable keeps the last created result link identifier
	
	var $_isPersistentConnection = false;	/// A boolean variable to state whether its a persistent connection or normal connection.	*/
	var $_bindInputArray = false; /// set to true if ADOConnection.Execute() permits binding of array parameters.
	var $_evalAll = false;
	var $_affected = false;
	var $_logsql = false;
	var $_transmode = ''; // transaction mode
	

	
	/**
	 * Constructor
	 */
	function ADOConnection()			
	{
		die('Virtual Class -- cannot instantiate');
	}
	
	static function Version()
	{
	global $ADODB_vers;
	
		return (float) substr($ADODB_vers,1);
	}
	
	/**
		Get server version info...
		
		@returns An array with 2 elements: $arr['string'] is the description string, 
			and $arr[version] is the version (also a string).
	*/
	function ServerInfo()
	{
		return array('description' => '', 'version' => '');
	}
	
	function IsConnected()
	{
    	return !empty($this->_connectionID);
	}
	
	function _findvers($str)
	{
		if (preg_match('/([0-9]+\.([0-9\.])+)/',$str, $arr)) return $arr[1];
		else return '';
	}
	
	/**
	* All error messages go through this bottleneck function.
	* You can define your own handler by defining the function name in ADODB_OUTP.
	*/
	static function outp($msg,$newline=true)
	{
	global $ADODB_FLUSH,$ADODB_OUTP;
	
		if (defined('ADODB_OUTP')) {
			$fn = ADODB_OUTP;
			$fn($msg,$newline);
			return;
		} else if (isset($ADODB_OUTP)) {
			$fn = $ADODB_OUTP;
			$fn($msg,$newline);
			return;
		}
		
		if ($newline) $msg .= "<br>\n";
		
		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) || !$newline) echo $msg;
		else echo strip_tags($msg);
	
		
		if (!empty($ADODB_FLUSH) && ob_get_length() !== false) flush(); //  do not flush if output buffering enabled - useless - thx to Jesse Mullan 
		
	}
	
	function Time()
	{
		$rs = $this->_Execute("select $this->sysTimeStamp");
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) return $this->UnixTimeStamp(reset($rs->fields));
		
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Connect to database
	 *
	 * @param [argHostname]		Host to connect to
	 * @param [argUsername]		Userid to login
	 * @param [argPassword]		Associated password
	 * @param [argDatabaseName]	database
	 * @param [forceNew]		force new connection
	 *
	 * @return true or false
	 */	  
	function Connect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "", $forceNew = false) 
	{
		if ($argHostname != "") $this->host = $argHostname;
		if ($argUsername != "") $this->user = $argUsername;
		if ($argPassword != "") $this->password = $argPassword; // not stored for security reasons
		if ($argDatabaseName != "") $this->database = $argDatabaseName;		
		
		$this->_isPersistentConnection = false;	
			
		global $ADODB_CACHE;
		if (empty($ADODB_CACHE)) $this->_CreateCache();
		
		if ($forceNew) {
			if ($rez=$this->_nconnect($this->host, $this->user, $this->password, $this->database)) return true;
		} else {
			 if ($rez=$this->_connect($this->host, $this->user, $this->password, $this->database)) return true;
		}
		if (isset($rez)) {
			$err = $this->ErrorMsg();
			if (empty($err)) $err = "Connection error to server '$argHostname' with user '$argUsername'";
			$ret = false;
		} else {
			$err = "Missing extension for ".$this->dataProvider;
			$ret = 0;
		}
		if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) 
			$fn($this->databaseType,'CONNECT',$this->ErrorNo(),$err,$this->host,$this->database,$this);
		
		
		$this->_connectionID = false;
		if ($this->debug) ADOConnection::outp( $this->host.': '.$err);
		return $ret;
	}	
	
	function _nconnect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName)
	{
		return $this->_connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Always force a new connection to database - currently only works with oracle
	 *
	 * @param [argHostname]		Host to connect to
	 * @param [argUsername]		Userid to login
	 * @param [argPassword]		Associated password
	 * @param [argDatabaseName]	database
	 *
	 * @return true or false
	 */	  
	function NConnect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "") 
	{
		return $this->Connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName, true);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Establish persistent connect to database
	 *
	 * @param [argHostname]		Host to connect to
	 * @param [argUsername]		Userid to login
	 * @param [argPassword]		Associated password
	 * @param [argDatabaseName]	database
	 *
	 * @return return true or false
	 */	
	function PConnect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "")
	{
		if (defined('ADODB_NEVER_PERSIST')) 
			return $this->Connect($argHostname,$argUsername,$argPassword,$argDatabaseName);
		
		if ($argHostname != "") $this->host = $argHostname;
		if ($argUsername != "") $this->user = $argUsername;
		if ($argPassword != "") $this->password = $argPassword;
		if ($argDatabaseName != "") $this->database = $argDatabaseName;		
			
		$this->_isPersistentConnection = true;	
		
		global $ADODB_CACHE;
		if (empty($ADODB_CACHE)) $this->_CreateCache();
		
		if ($rez = $this->_pconnect($this->host, $this->user, $this->password, $this->database)) return true;
		if (isset($rez)) {
			$err = $this->ErrorMsg();
			if (empty($err)) $err = "Connection error to server '$argHostname' with user '$argUsername'";
			$ret = false;
		} else {
			$err = "Missing extension for ".$this->dataProvider;
			$ret = 0;
		}
		if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) {
			$fn($this->databaseType,'PCONNECT',$this->ErrorNo(),$err,$this->host,$this->database,$this);
		}
		
		$this->_connectionID = false;
		if ($this->debug) ADOConnection::outp( $this->host.': '.$err);
		return $ret;
	}

	function outp_throw($msg,$src='WARN',$sql='')
	{
		if (defined('ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER') &&  ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER == 'adodb_throw') {
			adodb_throw($this->databaseType,$src,-9999,$msg,$sql,false,$this);
			return;
		} 
		ADOConnection::outp($msg);
	}
	
	// create cache class. Code is backward compat with old memcache implementation
	function _CreateCache()
	{
	global $ADODB_CACHE, $ADODB_CACHE_CLASS;
	
		if ($this->memCache) {
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_MEMCACHE;
		
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_MEMCACHE)) include(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-memcache.lib.inc.php');
				$ADODB_CACHE = new ADODB_Cache_MemCache($this);
		} else
				$ADODB_CACHE = new $ADODB_CACHE_CLASS($this);
		
	}
	
	// Format date column in sql string given an input format that understands Y M D
	function SQLDate($fmt, $col=false)
	{	
		if (!$col) $col = $this->sysDate;
		return $col; // child class implement
	}
	
	/**
	 * Should prepare the sql statement and return the stmt resource.
	 * For databases that do not support this, we return the $sql. To ensure
	 * compatibility with databases that do not support prepare:
	 *
	 *   $stmt = $db->Prepare("insert into table (id, name) values (?,?)");
	 *   $db->Execute($stmt,array(1,'Jill')) or die('insert failed');
	 *   $db->Execute($stmt,array(2,'Joe')) or die('insert failed');
	 *
	 * @param sql	SQL to send to database
	 *
	 * @return return FALSE, or the prepared statement, or the original sql if
	 * 			if the database does not support prepare.
	 *
	 */	
	function Prepare($sql)
	{
		return $sql;
	}

	/**
	 * Some databases, eg. mssql require a different function for preparing
	 * stored procedures. So we cannot use Prepare().
	 *
	 * Should prepare the stored procedure  and return the stmt resource.
	 * For databases that do not support this, we return the $sql. To ensure
	 * compatibility with databases that do not support prepare:
	 *
	 * @param sql	SQL to send to database
	 *
	 * @return return FALSE, or the prepared statement, or the original sql if
	 * 			if the database does not support prepare.
	 *
	 */	
	function PrepareSP($sql,$param=true)
	{
		return $this->Prepare($sql,$param);
	}

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat
	*/
	function Quote($s)
	{
		return $this->qstr($s,false);
	}
	
	/**
	 Requested by "Karsten Dambekalns" <k.dambekalns@fishfarm.de>
	*/
	function QMagic($s)
	{
		return $this->qstr($s,get_magic_quotes_gpc());
	}

	function q(&$s)
	{
		#if (!empty($this->qNull)) if ($s == 'null') return $s;
		$s = $this->qstr($s,false);
	}
	
	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally. 
	*/
	function ErrorNative()
	{
		return $this->ErrorNo();
	}

	
   /**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally. 
	*/
	function nextId($seq_name)
	{
		return $this->GenID($seq_name);
	}

	/**
	*	 Lock a row, will escalate and lock the table if row locking not supported
	*	will normally free the lock at the end of the transaction
	*
	*  @param $table	name of table to lock
	*  @param $where	where clause to use, eg: "WHERE row=12". If left empty, will escalate to table lock
	*/
	function RowLock($table,$where)
	{
		return false;
	}
	
	function CommitLock($table)
	{
		return $this->CommitTrans();
	}
	
	function RollbackLock($table)
	{
		return $this->RollbackTrans();
	}
	
	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally. 
	*
	* The fetch modes for NUMERIC and ASSOC for PEAR DB and ADODB are identical
	* 	for easy porting :-)
	*
	* @param mode	The fetchmode ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC or ADODB_FETCH_NUM
	* @returns		The previous fetch mode
	*/
	function SetFetchMode($mode)
	{	
		$old = $this->fetchMode;
		$this->fetchMode = $mode;
		
		if ($old === false) {
		global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			return $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		}
		return $old;
	}
	

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally. 
	*/
	function Query($sql, $inputarr=false)
	{
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);
		if (!$rs && defined('ADODB_PEAR')) return ADODB_PEAR_Error();
		return $rs;
	}

	
	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	*/
	function LimitQuery($sql, $offset, $count, $params=false)
	{
		$rs = $this->SelectLimit($sql, $count, $offset, $params); 
		if (!$rs && defined('ADODB_PEAR')) return ADODB_PEAR_Error();
		return $rs;
	}

	
	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	*/
	function Disconnect()
	{
		return $this->Close();
	}
	
	/*
		 Returns placeholder for parameter, eg.
		 $DB->Param('a')
		 
		 will return ':a' for Oracle, and '?' for most other databases...
		 
		 For databases that require positioned params, eg $1, $2, $3 for postgresql,
		 	pass in Param(false) before setting the first parameter.
	*/
	function Param($name,$type='C')
	{
		return '?';
	}
	
	/*
		InParameter and OutParameter are self-documenting versions of Parameter().
	*/
	function InParameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$maxLen=4000,$type=false)
	{
		return $this->Parameter($stmt,$var,$name,false,$maxLen,$type);
	}
	
	/*
	*/
	function OutParameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$maxLen=4000,$type=false)
	{
		return $this->Parameter($stmt,$var,$name,true,$maxLen,$type);
	
	}

	
	/* 
	Usage in oracle
		$stmt = $db->Prepare('select * from table where id =:myid and group=:group');
		$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
		$db->Parameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);
		$db->Execute();
		
		@param $stmt Statement returned by Prepare() or PrepareSP().
		@param $var PHP variable to bind to
		@param $name Name of stored procedure variable name to bind to.
		@param [$isOutput] Indicates direction of parameter 0/false=IN  1=OUT  2= IN/OUT. This is ignored in oci8.
		@param [$maxLen] Holds an maximum length of the variable.
		@param [$type] The data type of $var. Legal values depend on driver.

	*/
	function Parameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$isOutput=false,$maxLen=4000,$type=false)
	{
		return false;
	}
	
	
	function IgnoreErrors($saveErrs=false)
	{
		if (!$saveErrs) {
			$saveErrs = array($this->raiseErrorFn,$this->_transOK);
			$this->raiseErrorFn = false;
			return $saveErrs;
		} else {
			$this->raiseErrorFn = $saveErrs[0];
			$this->_transOK = $saveErrs[1];
		}
	}
	
	/**
		Improved method of initiating a transaction. Used together with CompleteTrans().
		Advantages include:
		
		a. StartTrans/CompleteTrans is nestable, unlike BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans.
		   Only the outermost block is treated as a transaction.<br>
		b. CompleteTrans auto-detects SQL errors, and will rollback on errors, commit otherwise.<br>
		c. All BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans inside a StartTrans/CompleteTrans block
		   are disabled, making it backward compatible.
	*/
	function StartTrans($errfn = 'ADODB_TransMonitor')
	{
		if ($this->transOff > 0) {
			$this->transOff += 1;
			return;
		}
		
		$this->_oldRaiseFn = $this->raiseErrorFn;
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $errfn;
		$this->_transOK = true;
		
		if ($this->debug && $this->transCnt > 0) ADOConnection::outp("Bad Transaction: StartTrans called within BeginTrans");
		$this->BeginTrans();
		$this->transOff = 1;
	}
	
	
	/**
		Used together with StartTrans() to end a transaction. Monitors connection
		for sql errors, and will commit or rollback as appropriate.
		
		@autoComplete if true, monitor sql errors and commit and rollback as appropriate, 
		and if set to false force rollback even if no SQL error detected.
		@returns true on commit, false on rollback.
	*/
	function CompleteTrans($autoComplete = true)
	{
		if ($this->transOff > 1) {
			$this->transOff -= 1;
			return true;
		}
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $this->_oldRaiseFn;
		
		$this->transOff = 0;
		if ($this->_transOK && $autoComplete) {
			if (!$this->CommitTrans()) {
				$this->_transOK = false;
				if ($this->debug) ADOConnection::outp("Smart Commit failed");
			} else
				if ($this->debug) ADOConnection::outp("Smart Commit occurred");
		} else {
			$this->_transOK = false;
			$this->RollbackTrans();
			if ($this->debug) ADOCOnnection::outp("Smart Rollback occurred");
		}
		
		return $this->_transOK;
	}
	
	/*
		At the end of a StartTrans/CompleteTrans block, perform a rollback.
	*/
	function FailTrans()
	{
		if ($this->debug) 
			if ($this->transOff == 0) {
				ADOConnection::outp("FailTrans outside StartTrans/CompleteTrans");
			} else {
				ADOConnection::outp("FailTrans was called");
				adodb_backtrace();
			}
		$this->_transOK = false;
	}
	
	/**
		Check if transaction has failed, only for Smart Transactions.
	*/
	function HasFailedTrans()
	{
		if ($this->transOff > 0) return $this->_transOK == false;
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Execute SQL 
	 *
	 * @param sql		SQL statement to execute, or possibly an array holding prepared statement ($sql[0] will hold sql text)
	 * @param [inputarr]	holds the input data to bind to. Null elements will be set to null.
	 * @return 		RecordSet or false
	 */
	function Execute($sql,$inputarr=false) 
	{
		if ($this->fnExecute) {
			$fn = $this->fnExecute;
			$ret = $fn($this,$sql,$inputarr);
			if (isset($ret)) return $ret;
		}
		if ($inputarr) {
			if (!is_array($inputarr)) $inputarr = array($inputarr);
			
			$element0 = reset($inputarr);
			# is_object check because oci8 descriptors can be passed in
			$array_2d = is_array($element0) && !is_object(reset($element0));
			//remove extra memory copy of input -mikefedyk
			unset($element0);
			
			if (!is_array($sql) && !$this->_bindInputArray) {
				$sqlarr = explode('?',$sql);
					
				if (!$array_2d) $inputarr = array($inputarr);
				foreach($inputarr as $arr) {
					$sql = ''; $i = 0;
					//Use each() instead of foreach to reduce memory usage -mikefedyk
					while(list(, $v) = each($arr)) {
						$sql .= $sqlarr[$i];
						// from Ron Baldwin <ron.baldwin#sourceprose.com>
						// Only quote string types	
						$typ = gettype($v);
						if ($typ == 'string')
							//New memory copy of input created here -mikefedyk
							$sql .= $this->qstr($v);
						else if ($typ == 'double')
							$sql .= str_replace(',','.',$v); // locales fix so 1.1 does not get converted to 1,1
						else if ($typ == 'boolean')
							$sql .= $v ? $this->true : $this->false;
						else if ($typ == 'object') {
							if (method_exists($v, '__toString')) $sql .= $this->qstr($v->__toString());
							else $sql .= $this->qstr((string) $v);
						} else if ($v === null)
							$sql .= 'NULL';
						else
							$sql .= $v;
						$i += 1;
					}
					if (isset($sqlarr[$i])) {
						$sql .= $sqlarr[$i];
						if ($i+1 != sizeof($sqlarr)) $this->outp_throw( "Input Array does not match ?: ".htmlspecialchars($sql),'Execute');
					} else if ($i != sizeof($sqlarr))	
						$this->outp_throw( "Input array does not match ?: ".htmlspecialchars($sql),'Execute');
		
					$ret = $this->_Execute($sql);
					if (!$ret) return $ret;
				}	
			} else {
				if ($array_2d) {
					if (is_string($sql))
						$stmt = $this->Prepare($sql);
					else
						$stmt = $sql;
						
					foreach($inputarr as $arr) {
						$ret = $this->_Execute($stmt,$arr);
						if (!$ret) return $ret;
					}
				} else {
					$ret = $this->_Execute($sql,$inputarr);
				}
			}
		} else {
			$ret = $this->_Execute($sql,false);
		}

		return $ret;
	}
	
	
	function _Execute($sql,$inputarr=false)
	{
		if ($this->debug) {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) include(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
			$this->_queryID = _adodb_debug_execute($this, $sql,$inputarr);
		} else {
			$this->_queryID = @$this->_query($sql,$inputarr);
		}
		
		/************************
		// OK, query executed
		*************************/

		if ($this->_queryID === false) { // error handling if query fails
			if ($this->debug == 99) adodb_backtrace(true,5);	
			$fn = $this->raiseErrorFn;
			if ($fn) {
				$fn($this->databaseType,'EXECUTE',$this->ErrorNo(),$this->ErrorMsg(),$sql,$inputarr,$this);
			} 
			$false = false;
			return $false;
		} 
		
		if ($this->_queryID === true) { // return simplified recordset for inserts/updates/deletes with lower overhead
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix.'empty';
			$rs = (class_exists($rsclass)) ? new $rsclass():  new ADORecordSet_empty();
			
			return $rs;
		}
		
		// return real recordset from select statement
		$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix.$this->databaseType;
		$rs = new $rsclass($this->_queryID,$this->fetchMode);
		$rs->connection = $this; // Pablo suggestion
		$rs->Init();
		if (is_array($sql)) $rs->sql = $sql[0];
		else $rs->sql = $sql;
		if ($rs->_numOfRows <= 0) {
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
			if ($ADODB_COUNTRECS) {
				if (!$rs->EOF) { 
					$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs,-1,-1,!is_array($sql));
					$rs->_queryID = $this->_queryID;
				} else
					$rs->_numOfRows = 0;
			}
		}
		return $rs;
	}

	function CreateSequence($seqname='adodbseq',$startID=1)
	{
		if (empty($this->_genSeqSQL)) return false;
		return $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_genSeqSQL,$seqname,$startID));
	}

	function DropSequence($seqname='adodbseq')
	{
		if (empty($this->_dropSeqSQL)) return false;
		return $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_dropSeqSQL,$seqname));
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a sequence id and stores it in $this->genID;
	 * GenID is only available if $this->hasGenID = true;
	 *
	 * @param seqname		name of sequence to use
	 * @param startID		if sequence does not exist, start at this ID
	 * @return		0 if not supported, otherwise a sequence id
	 */
	function GenID($seqname='adodbseq',$startID=1)
	{
		if (!$this->hasGenID) {
			return 0; // formerly returns false pre 1.60
		}
		
		$getnext = sprintf($this->_genIDSQL,$seqname);
		
		$holdtransOK = $this->_transOK;
		
		$save_handler = $this->raiseErrorFn;
		$this->raiseErrorFn = '';
		@($rs = $this->Execute($getnext));
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $save_handler;
		
		if (!$rs) {
			$this->_transOK = $holdtransOK; //if the status was ok before reset
			$createseq = $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_genSeqSQL,$seqname,$startID));
			$rs = $this->Execute($getnext);
		}
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) $this->genID = reset($rs->fields);
		else $this->genID = 0; // false
	
		if ($rs) $rs->Close();

		return $this->genID;
	}	

	/**
	 * @param $table string name of the table, not needed by all databases (eg. mysql), default ''
	 * @param $column string name of the column, not needed by all databases (eg. mysql), default ''
	 * @return  the last inserted ID. Not all databases support this.
	 */ 
	function Insert_ID($table='',$column='')
	{
		if ($this->_logsql && $this->lastInsID) return $this->lastInsID;
		if ($this->hasInsertID) return $this->_insertid($table,$column);
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( '<p>Insert_ID error</p>');
			adodb_backtrace();
		}
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * Portable Insert ID. Pablo Roca <pabloroca#mvps.org>
	 *
	 * @return  the last inserted ID. All databases support this. But aware possible
	 * problems in multiuser environments. Heavy test this before deploying.
	 */ 
	function PO_Insert_ID($table="", $id="") 
	{
	   if ($this->hasInsertID){
		   return $this->Insert_ID($table,$id);
	   } else {
		   return $this->GetOne("SELECT MAX($id) FROM $table");
	   }
	}

	/**
	* @return # rows affected by UPDATE/DELETE
	*/ 
	function Affected_Rows()
	{
		if ($this->hasAffectedRows) {
			if ($this->fnExecute === 'adodb_log_sql') {
				if ($this->_logsql && $this->_affected !== false) return $this->_affected;
			}
			$val = $this->_affectedrows();
			return ($val < 0) ? false : $val;
		}
				  
		if ($this->debug) ADOConnection::outp( '<p>Affected_Rows error</p>',false);
		return false;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * @return  the last error message
	 */
	function ErrorMsg()
	{
		if ($this->_errorMsg) return '!! '.strtoupper($this->dataProvider.' '.$this->databaseType).': '.$this->_errorMsg;
		else return '';
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * @return the last error number. Normally 0 means no error.
	 */
	function ErrorNo() 
	{
		return ($this->_errorMsg) ? -1 : 0;
	}
	
	function MetaError($err=false)
	{
		include_once(ADODB_DIR."/adodb-error.inc.php");
		if ($err === false) $err = $this->ErrorNo();
		return adodb_error($this->dataProvider,$this->databaseType,$err);
	}
	
	function MetaErrorMsg($errno)
	{
		include_once(ADODB_DIR."/adodb-error.inc.php");
		return adodb_errormsg($errno);
	}
	
	/**
	 * @returns an array with the primary key columns in it.
	 */
	function MetaPrimaryKeys($table, $owner=false)
	{
	// owner not used in base class - see oci8
		$p = array();
		$objs = $this->MetaColumns($table);
		if ($objs) {
			foreach($objs as $v) {
				if (!empty($v->primary_key))
					$p[] = $v->name;
			}
		}
		if (sizeof($p)) return $p;
		if (function_exists('ADODB_VIEW_PRIMARYKEYS'))
			return ADODB_VIEW_PRIMARYKEYS($this->databaseType, $this->database, $table, $owner);
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * @returns assoc array where keys are tables, and values are foreign keys
	 */
	function MetaForeignKeys($table, $owner=false, $upper=false)
	{
		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * Choose a database to connect to. Many databases do not support this.
	 *
	 * @param dbName 	is the name of the database to select
	 * @return 		true or false
	 */
	function SelectDB($dbName) 
	{return false;}
	
	
	/**
	* Will select, getting rows from $offset (1-based), for $nrows. 
	* This simulates the MySQL "select * from table limit $offset,$nrows" , and
	* the PostgreSQL "select * from table limit $nrows offset $offset". Note that
	* MySQL and PostgreSQL parameter ordering is the opposite of the other.
	* eg. 
	*  SelectLimit('select * from table',3); will return rows 1 to 3 (1-based)
	*  SelectLimit('select * from table',3,2); will return rows 3 to 5 (1-based)
	*
	* Uses SELECT TOP for Microsoft databases (when $this->hasTop is set)
	* BUG: Currently SelectLimit fails with $sql with LIMIT or TOP clause already set
	*
	* @param sql
	* @param [offset]	is the row to start calculations from (1-based)
	* @param [nrows]		is the number of rows to get
	* @param [inputarr]	array of bind variables
	* @param [secs2cache]		is a private parameter only used by jlim
	* @return		the recordset ($rs->databaseType == 'array')
 	*/
	function SelectLimit($sql,$nrows=-1,$offset=-1, $inputarr=false,$secs2cache=0)
	{
		if ($this->hasTop && $nrows > 0) {
		// suggested by Reinhard Balling. Access requires top after distinct 
		 // Informix requires first before distinct - F Riosa
			$ismssql = (strpos($this->databaseType,'mssql') !== false);
			if ($ismssql) $isaccess = false;
			else $isaccess = (strpos($this->databaseType,'access') !== false);
			
			if ($offset <= 	0) {
				
					// access includes ties in result
					if ($isaccess) {
						$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i','\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.((integer)$nrows).' ',$sql);

						if ($secs2cache != 0) {
							$ret = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache, $sql,$inputarr);
						} else {
							$ret = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
						}
						return $ret; // PHP5 fix
					} else if ($ismssql){
						$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i','\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.((integer)$nrows).' ',$sql);
					} else {
						$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s)/i','\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.((integer)$nrows).' ',$sql);
					}
			} else {
				$nn = $nrows + $offset;
				if ($isaccess || $ismssql) {
					$sql = preg_replace(
					'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i','\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nn.' ',$sql);
				} else {
					$sql = preg_replace(
					'/(^\s*select\s)/i','\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nn.' ',$sql);
				}
			}
		}
		
		// if $offset>0, we want to skip rows, and $ADODB_COUNTRECS is set, we buffer  rows
		// 0 to offset-1 which will be discarded anyway. So we disable $ADODB_COUNTRECS.
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		
		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
			

		if ($secs2cache != 0) $rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		else $rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs,$nrows,$offset);
		}
		//print_r($rs);
		return $rs;
	}
	
	/**
	* Create serializable recordset. Breaks rs link to connection.
	*
	* @param rs			the recordset to serialize
	*/
	function SerializableRS(&$rs)
	{
		$rs2 = $this->_rs2rs($rs);
		$ignore = false;
		$rs2->connection = $ignore;
		
		return $rs2;
	}
	
	/**
	* Convert database recordset to an array recordset
	* input recordset's cursor should be at beginning, and
	* old $rs will be closed.
	*
	* @param rs			the recordset to copy
	* @param [nrows]  	number of rows to retrieve (optional)
	* @param [offset] 	offset by number of rows (optional)
	* @return 			the new recordset
	*/
	function &_rs2rs(&$rs,$nrows=-1,$offset=-1,$close=true)
	{
		if (! $rs) {
			$false = false;
			return $false;
		}
		$dbtype = $rs->databaseType;
		if (!$dbtype) {
			$rs = $rs;  // required to prevent crashing in 4.2.1, but does not happen in 4.3.1 -- why ?
			return $rs;
		}
		if (($dbtype == 'array' || $dbtype == 'csv') && $nrows == -1 && $offset == -1) {
			$rs->MoveFirst();
			$rs = $rs; // required to prevent crashing in 4.2.1, but does not happen in 4.3.1-- why ?
			return $rs;
		}
		$flds = array();
		for ($i=0, $max=$rs->FieldCount(); $i < $max; $i++) {
			$flds[] = $rs->FetchField($i);
		}

		$arr = $rs->GetArrayLimit($nrows,$offset);
		//print_r($arr);
		if ($close) $rs->Close();
		
		$arrayClass = $this->arrayClass;
		
		$rs2 = new $arrayClass();
		$rs2->connection = $this;
		$rs2->sql = $rs->sql;
		$rs2->dataProvider = $this->dataProvider;
		$rs2->InitArrayFields($arr,$flds);
		$rs2->fetchMode = isset($rs->adodbFetchMode) ? $rs->adodbFetchMode : $rs->fetchMode;
		return $rs2;
	}
	
	/*
	* Return all rows. Compat with PEAR DB
	*/
	function GetAll($sql, $inputarr=false)
	{
		$arr = $this->GetArray($sql,$inputarr);
		return $arr;
	}
	
	function GetAssoc($sql, $inputarr=false,$force_array = false, $first2cols = false)
	{
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);
		if (!$rs) {
			$false = false;
			return $false;
		}
		$arr = $rs->GetAssoc($force_array,$first2cols);
		return $arr;
	}
	
	function CacheGetAssoc($secs2cache, $sql=false, $inputarr=false,$force_array = false, $first2cols = false)
	{
		if (!is_numeric($secs2cache)) {
			$first2cols = $force_array;
			$force_array = $inputarr;
		}
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache, $sql, $inputarr);
		if (!$rs) {
			$false = false;
			return $false;
		}
		$arr = $rs->GetAssoc($force_array,$first2cols);
		return $arr;
	}
	
	/**
	* Return first element of first row of sql statement. Recordset is disposed
	* for you.
	*
	* @param sql			SQL statement
	* @param [inputarr]		input bind array
	*/
	function GetOne($sql,$inputarr=false)
	{
	global $ADODB_COUNTRECS,$ADODB_GETONE_EOF;
		$crecs = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
		
		$ret = false;
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		if ($rs) {	
			if ($rs->EOF) $ret = $ADODB_GETONE_EOF;
			else $ret = reset($rs->fields);
			
			$rs->Close();
		}
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $crecs;
		return $ret;
	}
	
	// $where should include 'WHERE fld=value'
	function GetMedian($table, $field,$where = '')
	{
		$total = $this->GetOne("select count(*) from $table $where");
		if (!$total) return false;
	
		$midrow = (integer) ($total/2);
		$rs = $this->SelectLimit("select $field from $table $where order by 1",1,$midrow);
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) return reset($rs->fields);
		return false;
	}
	
	
	function CacheGetOne($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false)
	{
	global $ADODB_GETONE_EOF;
		$ret = false;
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			if ($rs->EOF) $ret = $ADODB_GETONE_EOF;
			else $ret = reset($rs->fields);
			$rs->Close();
		} 
		
		return $ret;
	}
	
	function GetCol($sql, $inputarr = false, $trim = false)
	{
	  	
	  	$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);
	  	if ($rs) {
			$rv = array();
	   		if ($trim) {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = trim(reset($rs->fields));
					$rs->MoveNext();
		   		}
			} else {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = reset($rs->fields);
					$rs->MoveNext();
		   		}
			}
	   		$rs->Close();
	  	} else
			$rv = false;
	  	return $rv;
	}
	
	function CacheGetCol($secs, $sql = false, $inputarr = false,$trim=false)
	{
	  	$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs, $sql, $inputarr);
	  	if ($rs) {
			$rv = array();
			if ($trim) {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = trim(reset($rs->fields));
					$rs->MoveNext();
		   		}
			} else {
				while (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rv[] = reset($rs->fields);
					$rs->MoveNext();
		   		}
			}
	   		$rs->Close();
	  	} else
			$rv = false;
			
	  	return $rv;
	}
	
	function Transpose(&$rs,$addfieldnames=true)
	{
		$rs2 = $this->_rs2rs($rs);
		$false = false;
		if (!$rs2) return $false;
		
		$rs2->_transpose($addfieldnames);
		return $rs2;
	}
 
	/*
		Calculate the offset of a date for a particular database and generate
			appropriate SQL. Useful for calculating future/past dates and storing
			in a database.
			
		If dayFraction=1.5 means 1.5 days from now, 1.0/24 for 1 hour.
	*/
	function OffsetDate($dayFraction,$date=false)
	{		
		if (!$date) $date = $this->sysDate;
		return  '('.$date.'+'.$dayFraction.')';
	}
	
	
	/**
	*
	* @param sql			SQL statement
	* @param [inputarr]		input bind array
	*/
	function GetArray($sql,$inputarr=false)
	{
	global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		
		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;
		if (!$rs) 
			if (defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
				$cls = ADODB_PEAR_Error();
				return $cls;
			} else {
				$false = false;
				return $false;
			}
		$arr = $rs->GetArray();
		$rs->Close();
		return $arr;
	}
	
	function CacheGetAll($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false)
	{
		$arr = $this->CacheGetArray($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		return $arr;
	}
	
	function CacheGetArray($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false)
	{
	global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		
		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;
		
		if (!$rs) 
			if (defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
				$cls = ADODB_PEAR_Error();
				return $cls;
			} else {
				$false = false;
				return $false;
			}
		$arr = $rs->GetArray();
		$rs->Close();
		return $arr;
	}
	
	function GetRandRow($sql, $arr= false)
	{
		$rezarr = $this->GetAll($sql, $arr);
		$sz = sizeof($rezarr);
		return $rezarr[abs(rand()) % $sz];
	}
	
	/**
	* Return one row of sql statement. Recordset is disposed for you.
	*
	* @param sql			SQL statement
	* @param [inputarr]		input bind array
	*/
	function GetRow($sql,$inputarr=false)
	{
	global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$crecs = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;
		
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $crecs;
		if ($rs) {
			if (!$rs->EOF) $arr = $rs->fields;
			else $arr = array();
			$rs->Close();
			return $arr;
		}
		
		$false = false;
		return $false;
	}
	
	function CacheGetRow($secs2cache,$sql=false,$inputarr=false)
	{
		$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		if ($rs) {
			if (!$rs->EOF) $arr = $rs->fields;
			else $arr = array();
			
			$rs->Close();
			return $arr;
		}
		$false = false;
		return $false;
	}
	
	/**
	* Insert or replace a single record. Note: this is not the same as MySQL's replace. 
	* ADOdb's Replace() uses update-insert semantics, not insert-delete-duplicates of MySQL.
	* Also note that no table locking is done currently, so it is possible that the
	* record be inserted twice by two programs...
	*
	* $this->Replace('products', array('prodname' =>"'Nails'","price" => 3.99), 'prodname');
	*
	* $table		table name
	* $fieldArray	associative array of data (you must quote strings yourself).
	* $keyCol		the primary key field name or if compound key, array of field names
	* autoQuote		set to true to use a hueristic to quote strings. Works with nulls and numbers
	*					but does not work with dates nor SQL functions.
	* has_autoinc	the primary key is an auto-inc field, so skip in insert.
	*
	* Currently blob replace not supported
	*
	* returns 0 = fail, 1 = update, 2 = insert 
	*/
	
	function Replace($table, $fieldArray, $keyCol, $autoQuote=false, $has_autoinc=false)
	{
		global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
		if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) include(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
		
		return _adodb_replace($this, $table, $fieldArray, $keyCol, $autoQuote, $has_autoinc);
	}
	
	
	/**
	* Will select, getting rows from $offset (1-based), for $nrows. 
	* This simulates the MySQL "select * from table limit $offset,$nrows" , and
	* the PostgreSQL "select * from table limit $nrows offset $offset". Note that
	* MySQL and PostgreSQL parameter ordering is the opposite of the other.
	* eg. 
	*  CacheSelectLimit(15,'select * from table',3); will return rows 1 to 3 (1-based)
	*  CacheSelectLimit(15,'select * from table',3,2); will return rows 3 to 5 (1-based)
	*
	* BUG: Currently CacheSelectLimit fails with $sql with LIMIT or TOP…