/jEdit/tags/jedit-4-5-pre1/doc/users-guide/basics.xml
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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <chapter id="basics">
- <title>jEdit Basics</title>
- <!-- jEdit buffer-local properties: -->
- <!-- :indentSize=1:noTabs=true: -->
- <!-- :xml.root=users-guide.xml: -->
- <section id="overview">
- <title>Interface Overview</title>
-
- <para>A <firstterm>View</firstterm> is the jEdit term for an editor main
- window. It is possible to have multiple views open at once, and each
- View can be split into multiple panes. jEdit remembers the state of open
- views between editing sessions.</para>
- <para>An open file is referred to as a <firstterm>Buffer</firstterm>.
- Unlike some editors where each buffer gets its own View, jEdit
- completely separates the two concepts. A buffer might be visible in
- several views, or none at all.</para>
- <para>A <firstterm>TextArea</firstterm> is an editor for a buffer.
- An <firstterm>EditPane</firstterm> contains a TextArea plus optional buffer switcher.
- A View contains one EditPane by default, and additional panes are created whenever
- the View is split. </para>
- <para>The drop-down buffer switcher list at the top of each EditPane shows
- a BufferSet, or a set of open buffers (see <xref linkend="buffersets" />).
- Selecting a buffer on this list will make it visible in the TextArea. Different
- emblems are displayed next to buffer names in the list, depending the
- buffer's state; a red disk is shown for buffers with unsaved changes, a
- lock is shown for read-only buffers, and a spark is shown for new
- buffers which don't yet exist on disk.</para>
- <para>With the new Tango icon theme, these symbols are slightly different,
- a red square is shown for buffers with unsaved changes, a lock is shown for
- read-only buffers, and a yellow square is shown for new buffers which don't
- yet exist on disk.</para>
- <para>As with most other graphical applications, there is a tool bar at
- the top of the View which provides quick access to frequently-used
- commands. Also, clicking the TextArea with the right mouse button
- displays a popup menu which also facilitates quick access to various
- commands. Both the tool bar and the right-click menu can be completely
- customized to suit your tastes in the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box; see <xref linkend="context-pane" />
- and <xref linkend="toolbar-pane" />.</para>
- <para>Most of the View is taken up by the TextArea. If you've ever used
- a graphical user interface before, the TextArea will be instantly
- familiar. Text can be inserted simply by typing. More details on text
- insertion and deletion can be found in <xref
- linkend="entering-text" />.</para>
- <para>The strip on the left of the TextArea is called a
- <firstterm>gutter</firstterm>. The gutter displays marker and register
- locations, as well as folding arrows; it will also display line numbers
- if the <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Line
- Numbers</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+t</keycap>) command is
- invoked. Note this menu toggle action has the side-effect of changing the
- persistent jEdit properties for the Gutter, which can also
- be set from the <guilabel>Gutter</guilabel> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box.</para>
- <para> The gutter is divided into two sections. Right-clicking on the left side
- gives you a context menu, while right-clicking on the right side (where line numbers might be)
- toggles a marker at that position.
- Text can be selected by left-clicking and dragging on right side of the gutter,
- over the range of lines you wish to select.
- </para>
- </section>
- <section id="views">
- <title>Multiple Views</title>
- <para>As documented at the beginning of this chapter, multiple Views
- (main windows) can be open at once.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>New View</guimenuitem>
- creates a new View, or main window.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>New Plain
- View</guimenuitem> creates a new View but without any tool bars or
- dockable windows. This can be used to open a small window for taking notes
- and so on.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Close View</guimenuitem>
- closes the current View. If only one View is open, closing it will exit
- jEdit, unless background mode is on; see <xref linkend="starting" /> for
- information about starting jEdit in background mode.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Split
- Horizontally</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+2</keycap>) splits the
- View into two TextAreas, placed above each other.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Split
- Vertically</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+3</keycap>) splits the
- View into two TextAreas, placed next to each other.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Unsplit
- Current</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+0</keycap>) removes the split
- containing the current TextArea only.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Unsplit All</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+1</keycap>) removes all splits from the View.</para>
- <para>When a View is split, editing commands operate on the TextArea
- that has keyboard focus. To give a TextArea keyboard focus, click in it
- with the mouse, or use the following commands.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Previous Text
- Area</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>A+PAGE_UP</keycap>) shifts
- keyboard focus to the previous TextArea.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Next Text
- Area</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>A+PAGE_DOWN</keycap>) shifts
- keyboard focus to the next TextArea.</para>
- <para><guimenu>Macros</guimenu>><guimenu>Interface</guimenu>>
- <guimenu>Splitpane Grow</guimenu> grows the size of the currently focused
- TextArea. </para>
- </section>
- <section id="buffers">
- <title>Switching Buffers</title>
- <para>Each EditPane has an optional drop-down BufferSwitcher at the top.
- The BufferSwitcher shows the current buffer and can also be used to
- switch the current buffer, using menu item commands and their keyboard shortcuts.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Previous
- Buffer</guimenuitem> (keyboard shortcut: <keycap>C+PAGE_UP</keycap>)
- switches to the previous buffer in the list.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Next
- Buffer</guimenuitem> (keyboard shortcut: <keycap>C+PAGE_DOWN</keycap>)
- switches to the next buffer in the list.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Recent
- Buffer</guimenuitem> (keyboard shortcut: <keycap>C+BACK_QUOTE</keycap>)
- flips between the two most recently edited buffers.</para>
- <para><guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Show Buffer
- Switcher</guimenuitem> (keyboard shortcut:
- <keycap>A+BACK_QUOTE</keycap>) has the same effect as clicking on the
- buffer switcher combo box.</para>
- <para>If you prefer an alternative graphical paradigm for switching
- buffers, take a look at one of these plugins:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>BufferList</application></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>BufferSelector</application></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>BufferTabs</application></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>If you decide to use one of these plugins, you can hide the popup
- menu buffer switcher in the <guilabel>View</guilabel> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box.</para>
- <para>A number of plugins that implement fast keyboard-based buffer
- switching are available as well:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>FastOpen</application></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>OpenIt</application></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><application>SwitchBuffer</application></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
- <section id="buffersets">
- <title>Buffer Sets</title>
- <para> The buffer sets feature helps keep the buffer lists local and manageable when using
- jEdit in a multiple-View and multiple-EditPane environment. </para>
- <para> As mentioned in the previous section, each EditPane can show a Buffer Switcher, which
- displays the contents of a BufferSet. In jEdit 4.2, all EditPane buffer switchers
- showed the same BufferSet: a global list of all buffers that were opened from any EditPane in any View.
- When using many Views and EditPanes, this resulted in large lists of buffers, and made
- the next/previous buffer actions useless with many Views, EditPanes and Buffers.
- </para>
- <para> In jEdit 4.3, it is possible to have more narrow scopes for the BufferSets
- of an EditPane. This makes the 'next-buffer' and 'previous-buffer' actions switch
- between buffers that are local to the view or pane. </para>
- <para>
- The three BufferSet scopes are: </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para> <emphasis role="bold">Global</emphasis>: Includes all buffers open from any EditPane. </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para> <emphasis role="bold">View</emphasis>: EditPanes in the same
- View share the same BufferSet. Opening a buffer in one View will not affect the
- other views. </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">EditPane</emphasis>: Each EditPane can have its
- own independent BufferSet.
- </para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> Bufferset scope can be set from <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem> > <guimenuitem>View</guimenuitem> >
- <guilabel>BufferSet scope:</guilabel>.
- </para>
- <para> <guimenu>File</guimenu> > <guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem> removes the current buffer from the EditPane's BufferSet only. If it was the last BufferSet to contain that buffer, the buffer is also closed. </para>
- <para> The <guimenu> File </guimenu> > <guimenuitem>Close (global)</guimenuitem> action closes the buffer in all EditPanes, as the jEdit 4.2 <guimenu> File </guimenu> > <guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem> action did before. </para>
- <para> When <guimenuitem>Exclusive Buffersets</guimenuitem> are enabled, any time a buffer is opened from one EditPane, it should be automatically closed in other EditPanes which use a disjoint (non-intersecting) BufferSet. </para>
- <para> <guimenuitem>Close Others</guimenuitem> will clear the BufferSet of the
- current EditPane by performing a <guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem> on all items except those buffers which are displayed in another active EditPane. </para>
- <bridgehead> Switching Bufferset Scopes </bridgehead>
- <para> The statusbar shows you which BufferSet scope is active
- (look for the letter "G", "E" or "V"). Double-clicking on that
- will allow you to change the scope without going into global options.
- The BufferSet Scope can also be changed from
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guimenu>Buffer Sets</guimenu> >
- <guimenu>(Global|View|EditPane) Buffer Set</guimenu>.
- Changes to the bufferset scope affects all editpanes immediately.
- </para>
- </section>
- <section id="docking">
- <title>Window Docking Layouts</title>
- <para> A docking layout is similar to an Eclipse "Perspective" in that it describes a set of dockable windows that are visible to the user at any given time, hiding the rest. </para>
- <para>Various jEdit and plugin windows can be docked into the View for
- convenience. Dockable windows have a popup button in their top-left
- corner. Clicking this button displays a menu with commands for docking
- the window in one of four sides of the View.</para>
- <para>On each side of the TextArea where there are docked windows, a
- strip of buttons is shown. There is a button for activating each docked
- window, as well as a close box and a popup menu button, which when
- clicked shows a menu for moving or undocking the currently selected
- window. The popup menu also contains a command for opening a new
- floating instance of the current window.</para>
- <para>The commands in the
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Docking</guisubmenu> menu move keyboard focus between docking areas.</para>
- <para>
- After you have customized the layout of your dockables and wish to save it for export/import, use the actions <guimenu>View</guimenu> - <guimenu>Docking</guimenu> - <guimenuitem>Save/Load Docking Layout</guimenuitem>. </para>
- <para> It is possible to configure a Dockable layout for just one or a handful of edit modes. This makes it possible to save or load your dockable layout with the same keyboard shortcut (or automatically) based on the edit mode of your current buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- It is also possible to save/load a layout for a particular edit mode. The loading and saving can be done automatically, as configured in the global options docking pane when the mode of the buffer changes, or manually in response to invoking <guimenu>View</guimenu> - <guimenu>Docking</guimenu> - <guimenuitem>Save/Load Docking Layout for current mode.</guimenuitem>
- </para>
- <para>Dockable windows can be further configured in the
- <guilabel>Docking</guilabel> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box. See <xref linkend="docking-pane"/> for details.
- </para>
- <sidebar>
- <title>For keyboard/power users</title>
- <para>Each dockable has three commands associated with it; one is part of the menu bar and opens the dockable. The other two commands are:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><guimenuitem>Window Name (Toggle)</guimenuitem> -
- opens the dockable window if it is hidden, and hide it if
- its already open.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><guimenuitem>Window Name (New Floating
- Instance)</guimenuitem> - opens a new instance of the
- dockable in a floating window, regardless of the docking
- configuration. For example, this can be used to view two
- different directories side-by-side in two file system
- browser windows.</para>
- <para>A new floating instance can also be opened from the
- dockable window's popup menu.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>These commands cannot be invoked from the menu bar. However,
- they can be added to the tool bar or context menu, and given
- keyboard shortcuts; see <xref linkend="global-opts" />.</para>
- </sidebar>
- </section>
- <section id="status-bar">
- <title>The Status Bar</title>
- <para>The <firstterm>status bar</firstterm> at the bottom of the View
- consists of the following components, from left to right:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Caret position information:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The offset of the caret from the beginning of the file</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The line number containing the caret</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The column position of the caret, with the leftmost column
- being 1.</para>
- <para>If the line contains tabs, the <firstterm>file</firstterm>
- position (where a hard tab is counted as one column) is shown
- first, followed by the <firstterm>screen</firstterm> position
- (where each tab counts for the number of columns until the next
- tab stop).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The percent offset of the caret from the start of the file.
- This is based on the line number of the caret and the total number
- of lines in the file, so this is the same as the relative position
- of the right scroll bar in the main text area.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- All of the above information is configurable in the Global Options
- for the status bar.
- </para>
- <para>Double-clicking on the caret location indicator displays
- the <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to
- Line</guimenuitem> dialog box; see <xref
- linkend="lines" />.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>A message area where various prompts and status messages
- are shown.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The current buffer's edit mode, fold mode, and character
- encoding. Double-clicking one of these displays the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Buffer
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box. For more information about
- these settings, see:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><xref linkend="buffer-opts" /></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><xref linkend="modes" /></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><xref linkend="folding" /></para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para><xref linkend="encodings" /></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>A set of flags which indicate various editor features and
- settings. Clicking each flag will toggle the feature in
- question; hovering the mouse over a flag will show a tool tip
- with an explanation:</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Word wrap - see <xref
- linkend="word-wrap" />.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Multiple selection - see <xref
- linkend="multi-select" />.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Rectangular selection - see <xref
- linkend="rect-select" />.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Overwrite mode - see <xref
- linkend="entering-text" />.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Line separator - see <xref
- linkend="line-separators" />.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Buffer Set Scope - see <xref
- linkend="buffersets" />.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>A Java heap memory usage indicator, that shows used and
- total heap memory, in megabytes. Double-clicking this indicator
- opens the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Troubleshooting</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Memory
- Status</guimenuitem> dialog box.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>The visibility of each of the above items can be controlled in the
- <guibutton>Status Bar</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box; see <xref
- linkend="status-bar-pane" />.</para>
- </section>
- <section id="action-bar">
- <title>The Action Bar</title>
- <para>The action bar allows almost any editor feature to be accessed
- from the keyboard.</para>
- <para><guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Action
- Bar</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+ENTER</keycap>) displays the
- action bar at the bottom of the View and gives it keyboard focus. The
- action bar remembers previously entered strings; see <xref
- linkend="history" /> for details.</para>
- <para>To use the action bar, input a command and press
- <keycap>Enter</keycap>. The following commands are supported:</para>
- <bridgehead>Action invocations</bridgehead>
- <para>Each menu item and tool bar button is bound to an
- <firstterm>action</firstterm>. To find out the name of an action, invoke
- the menu item or click the tool bar button, and look in the action bar's
- history.</para>
- <para>If a substring or an action name is entered, pressing
- <keycap>Tab</keycap> shows a popup listing matching actions. An action
- can be selected using the <keycap>Up</keycap> and <keycap>Down</keycap>
- arrow keys, or by entering more characters of its name.</para>
- <para>Pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap> with an incomplete substring
- invokes the action that would be first in the completion popup's
- list.</para>
- <para>For example, entering <userinput>l-o</userinput> will match
- <userinput>global-options</userinput>, which has the same effect as
- invoking <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem>.</para>
- <bridgehead>Buffer-local properties</bridgehead>
- <para>Entering <userinput>buffer.property=value</userinput> sets the
- value of the buffer-local property named <userinput>property</userinput>
- to <userinput>value</userinput>. Buffer-local properties are documented
- in <xref linkend="buffer-local" />.</para>
- <para>For example, entering <userinput>buffer.tabSize=4</userinput>
- changes the current buffer's tab size to 4.</para>
- <para>See <xref linkend="buffer-local" /> for information about
- buffer-local properties.</para>
- <bridgehead>Global properties</bridgehead>
- <para>Entering <userinput>property=value</userinput> sets the value of
- the global property named <userinput>property</userinput> to
- <userinput>value</userinput>. This feature is primarily intended to help
- plugin developers, since the properties jEdit uses to store its settings
- are not currently documented.</para>
- <bridgehead>Command repetition</bridgehead>
- <para>To repeat a command multiple times, enter a number in the action
- bar, then press the key-combination that invokes the command.
- For example,
- <quote><keycap>C+ENTER</keycap> <keycap>1</keycap> <keycap>4</keycap>
- <keycap>C+d</keycap></quote> will delete 14 lines;
- <quote><keycap>C+ENTER</keycap> <keycap>9</keycap>
- <keycap>#</keycap></quote> will insert <quote>#########</quote> in the
- buffer.
- Note: The space characters in these examples should not be typed;
- they are only here to visually separate the keys to be typed.</para>
- <para>If you specify a repeat count greater than 20, a confirmation
- dialog box will be displayed, asking if you really want to perform the
- action. This prevents you from hanging jEdit by executing a command too
- many times.</para>
- </section>
- </chapter>