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  4. <title>References</title>
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  25. <div class="section">
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  26. <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
    27. 

  27. <a name="phoenix.starter_kit.references"></a><a class="link" href="references.html" title="References">References</a>
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  28. </h3></div></div></div>
    29. 

  29. <p>
    30. 

  30.         References are functions. They hold a reference to a value stored somewhere.
    31. 

  31.         For example, given:
    32. 

  32.       </p>
    33. 

  33. <pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">;</span>
    34. 

  34. <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="string">"Hello World"</span><span class="special">;</span>
    35. 

  35. </pre>
    36. 

  36. <p>
    37. 

  37.         we create <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">references</span></code> to
    38. 

  38.         <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">i</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">s</span></code>
    39. 

  39.         this way:
    40. 

  40.       </p>
    41. 

  41. <pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">ref</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">)</span>
    42. 

  42. <span class="identifier">ref</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span>
    43. 

  43. </pre>
    44. 

  44. <p>
    45. 

  45.         Like <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">val</span></code>, the expressions
    46. 

  46.         above evaluates to a nullary function; the first one returning an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>,
    47. 

  47.         and the second one returning a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span>
    48. 

  48.         <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&amp;</span></code>.
    49. 

  49.       </p>
    50. 

  50. <p>
    51. 

  51.         (See <a href="../../../../example/references.cpp" target="_top">references.cpp</a>)
    52. 

  52.       </p>
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  55. <p>
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  56.         <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../images/tip.png" alt="tip"></span> Learn more about references <a class="link" href="../modules/core/references.html" title="References">here.</a>
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  57.       </p>
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  62. <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2002-2005, 2010 Joel de Guzman, Dan Marsden, Thomas Heller<p>
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  63.         Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
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  64.         file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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  65.       </p>
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