/node_modules/ender/test/node_modules/backbone/index.html

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  1. <!DOCTYPE HTML>
    2. 

  2. <html>
    3. 

  3. <head>
    4. 

  4.   <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
    5. 

  5.   <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1" />
    6. 

  6.   <link rel="icon" href="docs/images/favicon.ico" />
    7. 

  7.   <title>Backbone.js</title>
    8. 

  8.   <style>
    9. 

  9.     body {
    10. 

  10.       font-size: 14px;
    11. 

  11.       line-height: 22px;
    12. 

  12.       font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial;
    13. 

  13.       background: #f4f4f4 url(docs/images/background.png);
    14. 

  14.     }
    15. 

  15.     .interface {
    16. 

  16.       font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important;
    17. 

  17.     }
    18. 

  18.     div#sidebar {
    19. 

  19.       background: #fff;
    20. 

  20.       position: fixed;
    21. 

  21.       top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;
    22. 

  22.       width: 200px;
    23. 

  23.       overflow-y: auto;
    24. 

  24.       overflow-x: hidden;
    25. 

  25.       padding: 15px 0 30px 30px;
    26. 

  26.       border-right: 1px solid #bbb;
    27. 

  27.       box-shadow: 0 0 20px #ccc; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #ccc; -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px #ccc;
    28. 

  28.     }
    29. 

  29.       a.toc_title, a.toc_title:visited {
    30. 

  30.         display: block;
    31. 

  31.         color: black;
    32. 

  32.         font-weight: bold;
    33. 

  33.         margin-top: 15px;
    34. 

  34.       }
    35. 

  35.         a.toc_title:hover {
    36. 

  36.           text-decoration: underline;
    37. 

  37.         }
    38. 

  38.         #sidebar .version {
    39. 

  39.           font-size: 10px;
    40. 

  40.           font-weight: normal;
    41. 

  41.         }
    42. 

  42.       ul.toc_section {
    43. 

  43.         font-size: 11px;
    44. 

  44.         line-height: 14px;
    45. 

  45.         margin: 5px 0 0 0;
    46. 

  46.         padding-left: 0px;
    47. 

  47.         list-style-type: none;
    48. 

  48.         font-family: Lucida Grande;
    49. 

  49.       }
    50. 

  50.         .toc_section li {
    51. 

  51.           cursor: pointer;
    52. 

  52.           margin: 0 0 3px 0;
    53. 

  53.         }
    54. 

  54.           .toc_section li a {
    55. 

  55.             text-decoration: none;
    56. 

  56.             color: black;
    57. 

  57.           }
    58. 

  58.             .toc_section li a:hover {
    59. 

  59.               text-decoration: underline;
    60. 

  60.             }
    61. 

  61.     div.container {
    62. 

  62.       position: relative;
    63. 

  63.       width: 550px;
    64. 

  64.       margin: 40px 0 50px 260px;
    65. 

  65.     }
    66. 

  66.     div.run {
    67. 

  67.       position: absolute;
    68. 

  68.       right: 15px;
    69. 

  69.       width: 26px; height: 18px;
    70. 

  70.       background: url('docs/images/arrows.png') no-repeat -26px 0;
    71. 

  71.     }
    72. 

  72.       div.run:active {
    73. 

  73.         background-position: -51px 0;
    74. 

  74.       }
    75. 

  75.     p, div.container ul {
    76. 

  76.       margin: 25px 0;
    77. 

  77.       width: 550px;
    78. 

  78.     }
    79. 

  79.       p.warning {
    80. 

  80.         font-size: 12px;
    81. 

  81.         line-height: 18px;
    82. 

  82.         font-style: italic;
    83. 

  83.       }
    84. 

  84.       div.container ul {
    85. 

  85.         list-style: circle;
    86. 

  86.         padding-left: 15px;
    87. 

  87.         font-size: 13px;
    88. 

  88.         line-height: 18px;
    89. 

  89.       }
    90. 

  90.         div.container ul li {
    91. 

  91.           margin-bottom: 10px;
    92. 

  92.         }
    93. 

  93.         div.container ul.small {
    94. 

  94.           font-size: 12px;
    95. 

  95.         }
    96. 

  96.     a, a:visited {
    97. 

  97.       color: #444;
    98. 

  98.     }
    99. 

  99.     a:active, a:hover {
    100. 

  100.       color: #000;
    101. 

  101.     }
    102. 

  102.     a.punch {
    103. 

  103.       display: inline-block;
    104. 

  104.       background: #4162a8;
    105. 

  105.       border-top: 1px solid #38538c;
    106. 

  106.       border-right: 1px solid #1f2d4d;
    107. 

  107.       border-bottom: 1px solid #151e33;
    108. 

  108.       border-left: 1px solid #1f2d4d;
    109. 

  109.       -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
    110. 

  110.       -moz-border-radius: 4px;
    111. 

  111.       -ms-border-radius: 4px;
    112. 

  112.       -o-border-radius: 4px;
    113. 

  113.       border-radius: 4px;
    114. 

  114.       -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    115. 

  115.       -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    116. 

  116.       -ms-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    117. 

  117.       -o-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    118. 

  118.       box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    119. 

  119.       color: #fff;
    120. 

  120.       font: bold 14px "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif;
    121. 

  121.       line-height: 1;
    122. 

  122.       margin-bottom: 15px;
    123. 

  123.       padding: 8px 0 10px 0;
    124. 

  124.       text-align: center;
    125. 

  125.       text-shadow: 0px -1px 1px #1e2d4d;
    126. 

  126.       text-decoration: none;
    127. 

  127.       width: 225px;
    128. 

  128.       -webkit-background-clip: padding-box; }
    129. 

  129.       a.punch:hover {
    130. 

  130.         -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0px 20px 1px #87adff, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    131. 

  131.         -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0px 20px 1px #87adff, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    132. 

  132.         -ms-box-shadow: inset 0 0px 20px 1px #87adff, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    133. 

  133.         -o-box-shadow: inset 0 0px 20px 1px #87adff, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    134. 

  134.         box-shadow: inset 0 0px 20px 1px #87adff, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 6px 0px #1f3053, 0 8px 4px 1px #111111;
    135. 

  135.         cursor: pointer; }
    136. 

  136.       a.punch:active {
    137. 

  137.         -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0 #1f3053, 0 4px 3px 0 #111111;
    138. 

  138.         -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0 #1f3053, 0 4px 3px 0 #111111;
    139. 

  139.         -ms-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0 #1f3053, 0 4px 3px 0 #111111;
    140. 

  140.         -o-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0 #1f3053, 0 4px 3px 0 #111111;
    141. 

  141.         box-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0 #1f3053, 0 4px 3px 0 #111111;
    142. 

  142.         margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px }
    143. 

  143.     a img {
    144. 

  144.       border: 0;
    145. 

  145.     }
    146. 

  146.     h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    147. 

  147.       padding-top: 20px;
    148. 

  148.     }
    149. 

  149.       h2 {
    150. 

  150.         font-size: 22px;
    151. 

  151.       }
    152. 

  152.     b.header {
    153. 

  153.       font-size: 18px;
    154. 

  154.       line-height: 35px;
    155. 

  155.     }
    156. 

  156.     span.alias {
    157. 

  157.       font-size: 14px;
    158. 

  158.       font-style: italic;
    159. 

  159.       margin-left: 20px;
    160. 

  160.     }
    161. 

  161.     table {
    162. 

  162.       margin: 15px 0 0; padding: 0;
    163. 

  163.     }
    164. 

  164.       tr, td {
    165. 

  165.         margin: 0; padding: 0;
    166. 

  166.       }
    167. 

  167.         td {
    168. 

  168.           padding: 0px 15px 5px 0;
    169. 

  169.         }
    170. 

  170.     code, pre, tt {
    171. 

  171.       font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Lucida Console", monospace;
    172. 

  172.       font-size: 12px;
    173. 

  173.       line-height: 18px;
    174. 

  174.       font-style: normal;
    175. 

  175.     }
    176. 

  176.       tt {
    177. 

  177.         padding: 0px 3px;
    178. 

  178.         background: #fff;
    179. 

  179.         border: 1px solid #ddd;
    180. 

  180.         zoom: 1;
    181. 

  181.       }
    182. 

  182.       code {
    183. 

  183.         margin-left: 20px;
    184. 

  184.       }
    185. 

  185.       pre {
    186. 

  186.         font-size: 12px;
    187. 

  187.         padding: 2px 0 2px 15px;
    188. 

  188.         border: 4px solid #bbb; border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0;
    189. 

  189.         margin: 0px 0 25px;
    190. 

  190.       }
    191. 

  191.       img.example_image {
    192. 

  192.         margin: 0px auto;
    193. 

  193.       }
    194. 

  194.   </style>
    195. 

  195. </head>
    196. 

  196. <body>
    197. 

  197. 

  198.   <div id="sidebar" class="interface">
    199. 

  199. 

  200.     <a class="toc_title" href="#">
    201. 

  201.       Backbone.js <span class="version">(0.9.1)</span>
    202. 

  202.     </a>
    203. 

  203. 

  204.     <a class="toc_title" href="#introduction">
    205. 

  205.       Introduction
    206. 

  206.     </a>
    207. 

  207.     
    208. 

  208.     <a class="toc_title" href="#upgrading">
    209. 

  209.       Upgrading
    210. 

  210.     </a>
    211. 

  211. 

  212.     <a class="toc_title" href="#Events">
    213. 

  213.       Events
    214. 

  214.     </a>
    215. 

  215.     <ul class="toc_section">
    216. 

  216.       <li>– <a href="#Events-on">on</a></li>
    217. 

  217.       <li>– <a href="#Events-off">off</a></li>
    218. 

  218.       <li>– <a href="#Events-trigger">trigger</a></li>
    219. 

  219.     </ul>
    220. 

  220. 

  221.     <a class="toc_title" href="#Model">
    222. 

  222.       Model
    223. 

  223.     </a>
    224. 

  224.     <ul class="toc_section">
    225. 

  225.       <li>– <a href="#Model-extend">extend</a></li>
    226. 

  226.       <li>– <a href="#Model-constructor">constructor / initialize</a></li>
    227. 

  227.       <li>– <a href="#Model-get">get</a></li>
    228. 

  228.       <li>– <a href="#Model-set">set</a></li>
    229. 

  229.       <li>– <a href="#Model-escape">escape</a></li>
    230. 

  230.       <li>– <a href="#Model-has">has</a></li>
    231. 

  231.       <li>– <a href="#Model-unset">unset</a></li>
    232. 

  232.       <li>– <a href="#Model-clear">clear</a></li>
    233. 

  233.       <li>– <a href="#Model-id">id</a></li>
    234. 

  234.       <li>– <a href="#Model-idAttribute">idAttribute</a></li>
    235. 

  235.       <li>– <a href="#Model-cid">cid</a></li>
    236. 

  236.       <li>– <a href="#Model-attributes">attributes</a></li>
    237. 

  237.       <li>– <a href="#Model-defaults">defaults</a></li>
    238. 

  238.       <li>- <a href="#Model-toJSON">toJSON</a></li>
    239. 

  239.       <li>– <a href="#Model-fetch">fetch</a></li>
    240. 

  240.       <li>– <a href="#Model-save">save</a></li>
    241. 

  241.       <li>– <a href="#Model-destroy">destroy</a></li>
    242. 

  242.       <li>– <a href="#Model-validate">validate</a></li>
    243. 

  243.       <li>– <a href="#Model-isValid">isValid</a></li>
    244. 

  244.       <li>– <a href="#Model-url">url</a></li>
    245. 

  245.       <li>– <a href="#Model-urlRoot">urlRoot</a></li>
    246. 

  246.       <li>– <a href="#Model-parse">parse</a></li>
    247. 

  247.       <li>– <a href="#Model-clone">clone</a></li>
    248. 

  248.       <li>– <a href="#Model-isNew">isNew</a></li>
    249. 

  249.       <li>– <a href="#Model-change">change</a></li>
    250. 

  250.       <li>– <a href="#Model-hasChanged">hasChanged</a></li>
    251. 

  251.       <li>– <a href="#Model-changedAttributes">changedAttributes</a></li>
    252. 

  252.       <li>– <a href="#Model-previous">previous</a></li>
    253. 

  253.       <li>– <a href="#Model-previousAttributes">previousAttributes</a></li>
    254. 

  254.     </ul>
    255. 

  255. 

  256.     <a class="toc_title" href="#Collection">
    257. 

  257.       Collection
    258. 

  258.     </a>
    259. 

  259.     <ul class="toc_section">
    260. 

  260.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-extend">extend</a></li>
    261. 

  261.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-model">model</a></li>
    262. 

  262.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-constructor">constructor / initialize</a></li>
    263. 

  263.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-models">models</a></li>
    264. 

  264.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-toJSON">toJSON</a></li>
    265. 

  265.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-Underscore-Methods"><b>Underscore Methods (28)</b></a></li>
    266. 

  266.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-add">add</a></li>
    267. 

  267.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-remove">remove</a></li>
    268. 

  268.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-get">get</a></li>
    269. 

  269.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-getByCid">getByCid</a></li>
    270. 

  270.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-at">at</a></li>
    271. 

  271.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-length">length</a></li>
    272. 

  272.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-comparator">comparator</a></li>
    273. 

  273.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-sort">sort</a></li>
    274. 

  274.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-pluck">pluck</a></li>
    275. 

  275.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-url">url</a></li>
    276. 

  276.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-parse">parse</a></li>
    277. 

  277.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-fetch">fetch</a></li>
    278. 

  278.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-reset">reset</a></li>
    279. 

  279.       <li>– <a href="#Collection-create">create</a></li>
    280. 

  280.     </ul>
    281. 

  281. 

  282.     <a class="toc_title" href="#Router">
    283. 

  283.       Router
    284. 

  284.     </a>
    285. 

  285.     <ul class="toc_section">
    286. 

  286.       <li>– <a href="#Router-extend">extend</a></li>
    287. 

  287.       <li>– <a href="#Router-routes">routes</a></li>
    288. 

  288.       <li>– <a href="#Router-constructor">constructor / initialize</a></li>
    289. 

  289.       <li>– <a href="#Router-route">route</a></li>
    290. 

  290.       <li>– <a href="#Router-navigate">navigate</a></li>
    291. 

  291.     </ul>
    292. 

  292. 

  293.     <a class="toc_title" href="#History">
    294. 

  294.       History
    295. 

  295.     </a>
    296. 

  296.     <ul class="toc_section">
    297. 

  297.       <li>– <a href="#History-start">start</a></li>
    298. 

  298.     </ul>
    299. 

  299. 

  300.     <a class="toc_title" href="#Sync">
    301. 

  301.       Sync
    302. 

  302.     </a>
    303. 

  303.     <ul class="toc_section">
    304. 

  304.       <li>– <a href="#Sync">Backbone.sync</a></li>
    305. 

  305.       <li>– <a href="#Sync-emulateHTTP">Backbone.emulateHTTP</a></li>
    306. 

  306.       <li>– <a href="#Sync-emulateJSON">Backbone.emulateJSON</a></li>
    307. 

  307.     </ul>
    308. 

  308. 

  309.     <a class="toc_title" href="#View">
    310. 

  310.       View
    311. 

  311.     </a>
    312. 

  312.     <ul class="toc_section">
    313. 

  313.       <li>– <a href="#View-extend">extend</a></li>
    314. 

  314.       <li>– <a href="#View-constructor">constructor / initialize</a></li>
    315. 

  315.       <li>– <a href="#View-el">el</a></li>
    316. 

  316.       <li>– <a href="#View-$el">$el</a></li>
    317. 

  317.       <li>– <a href="#View-setElement">setElement</a></li>
    318. 

  318.       <li>– <a href="#View-attributes">attributes</a></li>
    319. 

  319.       <li>– <a href="#View-dollar">$ (jQuery or Zepto)</a></li>
    320. 

  320.       <li>– <a href="#View-render">render</a></li>
    321. 

  321.       <li>– <a href="#View-remove">remove</a></li>
    322. 

  322.       <li>– <a href="#View-make">make</a></li>
    323. 

  323.       <li>– <a href="#View-delegateEvents">delegateEvents</a></li>
    324. 

  324.       <li>– <a href="#View-undelegateEvents">undelegateEvents</a></li>
    325. 

  325.     </ul>
    326. 

  326. 

  327.     <a class="toc_title" href="#Utility">
    328. 

  328.       Utility
    329. 

  329.     </a>
    330. 

  330.     <ul class="toc_section">
    331. 

  331.       <li>– <a href="#Utility-noConflict">noConflict</a></li>
    332. 

  332.       <li>– <a href="#Utility-setDomLibrary">setDomLibrary</a></li>
    333. 

  333.     </ul>
    334. 

  334. 

  335.     <a class="toc_title" href="#examples">
    336. 

  336.       Examples
    337. 

  337.     </a>
    338. 

  338.     <ul class="toc_section">
    339. 

  339.       <li>– <a href="#examples-todos">Todos</a></li>
    340. 

  340.       <li>– <a href="#examples-documentcloud">DocumentCloud</a></li>
    341. 

  341.       <li>– <a href="#examples-linkedin">LinkedIn Mobile</a></li>
    342. 

  342.       <li>– <a href="#examples-flow">Flow</a></li>
    343. 

  343.       <li>– <a href="#examples-audiovroom">AudioVroom</a></li>
    344. 

  344.       <li>– <a href="#examples-foursquare">Foursquare</a></li>
    345. 

  345.       <li>– <a href="#examples-do">Do</a></li>
    346. 

  346.       <li>– <a href="#examples-posterous">Posterous Spaces</a></li>
    347. 

  347.       <li>– <a href="#examples-groupon">Groupon Now!</a></li>
    348. 

  348.       <li>– <a href="#examples-basecamp">Basecamp Mobile</a></li>
    349. 

  349.       <li>– <a href="#examples-slavery-footprint">Slavery Footprint</a></li>
    350. 

  350.       <li>- <a href="#examples-stripe">Stripe</a></li>
    351. 

  351.       <li>– <a href="#examples-diaspora">Diaspora</a></li>
    352. 

  352.       <li>– <a href="#examples-trajectory">Trajectory</a></li>
    353. 

  353.       <li>– <a href="#examples-soundcloud">SoundCloud Mobile</a></li>
    354. 

  354.       <li>– <a href="#examples-pandora">Pandora</a></li>
    355. 

  355.       <li>- <a href="#examples-code-school">Code School</a></li>
    356. 

  356.       <li>– <a href="#examples-cloudapp">CloudApp</a></li>
    357. 

  357.       <li>– <a href="#examples-seatgeek">SeatGeek</a></li>
    358. 

  358.       <li>– <a href="#examples-grove">Grove.io</a></li>
    359. 

  359.       <li>– <a href="#examples-kicksend">Kicksend</a></li>
    360. 

  360.       <li>– <a href="#examples-shortmail">Shortmail</a></li>
    361. 

  361.       <li>– <a href="#examples-battlefield">Battlefield Play4Free</a></li>
    362. 

  362.       <li>– <a href="#examples-salon">Salon.io</a></li>
    363. 

  363.       <li>– <a href="#examples-quoteroller">Quote Roller</a></li>
    364. 

  364.       <li>– <a href="#examples-tilemill">TileMill</a></li>
    365. 

  365.       <li>- <a href="#examples-blossom">Blossom</a></li>
    366. 

  366.       <li>- <a href="#examples-animoto">Animoto</a></li>
    367. 

  367.       <li>- <a href="#examples-decide">Decide</a></li>
    368. 

  368.       <li>- <a href="#examples-trello">Trello</a></li>
    369. 

  369.       <li>- <a href="#examples-bittorrent">BitTorrent</a></li>
    370. 

  370.       <li>- <a href="#examples-ducksboard">Ducksboard</a></li>
    371. 

  371.       <li>- <a href="#examples-quietwrite">QuietWrite</a></li>
    372. 

  372.       <li>- <a href="#examples-tzigla">Tzigla</a></li>
    373. 

  373.     </ul>
    374. 

  374. 

  375.     <a class="toc_title" href="#faq">
    376. 

  376.       F.A.Q.
    377. 

  377.     </a>
    378. 

  378.     <ul class="toc_section">
    379. 

  379.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-events">Catalog of Events</a></li>
    380. 

  380.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-tim-toady">More Than One Way To Do It</a></li>
    381. 

  381.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-nested">Nested Models &amp; Collections</a></li>
    382. 

  382.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-bootstrap">Loading Bootstrapped Models</a></li>
    383. 

  383.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-extending">Extending Backbone</a></li>
    384. 

  384.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-mvc">Traditional MVC</a></li>
    385. 

  385.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-this">Binding "this"</a></li>
    386. 

  386.       <li>– <a href="#FAQ-rails">Working with Rails</a></li>
    387. 

  387.     </ul>
    388. 

  388. 

  389.     <a class="toc_title" href="#changelog">
    390. 

  390.       Change Log
    391. 

  391.     </a>
    392. 

  392. 

  393.   </div>
    394. 

  394. 

  395.   <div class="container">
    396. 

  396. 

  397.     <p>
    398. 

  398.       <img style="width: 451px; height: 80px;" src="docs/images/backbone.png" alt="Backbone.js" />
    399. 

  399.     </p>
    400. 

  400. 

  401.     <p>
    402. 

  402.       Backbone.js gives structure to your serious JavaScript web applications
    403. 

  403.       by supplying <b>models</b> with key-value binding and custom events,
    404. 

  404.       <b>collections</b> with a rich API of enumerable functions,
    405. 

  405.       <b>views</b> with declarative event handling, and connects it all to your
    406. 

  406.       existing API over a RESTful JSON interface.
    407. 

  407.     </p>
    408. 

  408. 

  409.     <p>
    410. 

  410.       The project is <a href="http://github.com/documentcloud/backbone/">hosted on GitHub</a>,
    411. 

  411.       and the <a href="docs/backbone.html">annotated source code</a> is available,
    412. 

  412.       as well as an online <a href="test/test.html">test suite</a>,
    413. 

  413.       an <a href="examples/todos/index.html">example application</a>,
    414. 

  414.       a <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/backbone/wiki/Tutorials%2C-blog-posts-and-example-sites">list of tutorials</a>
    415. 

  415.       and a <a href="#examples">long list of real-world projects</a> that use Backbone.
    416. 

  416.     </p>
    417. 

  417. 

  418.     <p>
    419. 

  419.       You can report bugs and discuss features on the
    420. 

  420.       <a href="http://github.com/documentcloud/backbone/issues">GitHub issues page</a>,
    421. 

  421.       on Freenode IRC in the <tt>#documentcloud</tt> channel, post questions to the
    422. 

  422.       <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/backbonejs">Google Group</a>,
    423. 

  423.       add pages to the a <a href="https://github.com/documentcloud/backbone/wiki">wiki</a>
    424. 

  424.       or send tweets to <a href="http://twitter.com/documentcloud">@documentcloud</a>.
    425. 

  425.     </p>
    426. 

  426. 

  427.     <p>
    428. 

  428.       <i>
    429. 

  429.         Backbone is an open-source component of
    430. 

  430.         <a href="http://documentcloud.org/">DocumentCloud</a>.
    431. 

  431.       </i>
    432. 

  432.     </p>
    433. 

  433. 

  434.     <h2 id="downloads">
    435. 

  435.       Downloads &amp; Dependencies
    436. 

  436.       <span style="padding-left: 7px; font-size:11px; font-weight: normal;" class="interface">(Right-click, and use "Save As")</span>
    437. 

  437.     </h2>
    438. 

  438. 

  439.     <table>
    440. 

  440.       <tr>
    441. 

  441.         <td><a class="punch" href="backbone.js">Development Version (0.9.1)</a></td>
    442. 

  442.         <td><i>47kb, Full source, lots of comments</i></td>
    443. 

  443.       </tr>
    444. 

  444.       <tr>
    445. 

  445.         <td><a class="punch" href="backbone-min.js">Production Version (0.9.1)</a></td>
    446. 

  446.         <td><i>5.3kb, Packed and gzipped</i></td>
    447. 

  447.       </tr>
    448. 

  448.     </table>
    449. 

  449. 

  450.     <p>
    451. 

  451.       Backbone's only hard dependency is
    452. 

  452.       <a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/">Underscore.js</a> <small>( > 1.3.1)</small>.
    453. 

  453.       For RESTful persistence, history support via <a href="#Router">Backbone.Router</a>
    454. 

  454.       and DOM manipulation with <a href="#View">Backbone.View</a>, include
    455. 

  455.       <a href="https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-js">json2.js</a>, and either
    456. 

  456.       <a href="http://jquery.com">jQuery</a> <small>( > 1.4.2)</small> or
    457. 

  457.       <a href="http://zeptojs.com/">Zepto</a>.
    458. 

  458.     </p>
    459. 

  459. 

  460.     <h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
    461. 

  461. 

  462.     <p>
    463. 

  463.       When working on a web application that involves a lot of JavaScript, one
    464. 

  464.       of the first things you learn is to stop tying your data to the DOM. It's all
    465. 

  465.       too easy to create JavaScript applications that end up as tangled piles of
    466. 

  466.       jQuery selectors and callbacks, all trying frantically to keep data in
    467. 

  467.       sync between the HTML UI, your JavaScript logic, and the database on your
    468. 

  468.       server. For rich client-side applications, a more structured approach
    469. 

  469.       is often helpful.
    470. 

  470.     </p>
    471. 

  471. 

  472.     <p>
    473. 

  473.       With Backbone, you represent your data as
    474. 

  474.       <a href="#Model">Models</a>, which can be created, validated, destroyed,
    475. 

  475.       and saved to the server. Whenever a UI action causes an attribute of
    476. 

  476.       a model to change, the model triggers a <i>"change"</i> event; all
    477. 

  477.       the <a href="#View">Views</a> that display the model's state can be notified of the
    478. 

  478.       change, so that they are able to respond accordingly, re-rendering themselves with
    479. 

  479.       the new information. In a finished Backbone app, you don't have to write the glue
    480. 

  480.       code that looks into the DOM to find an element with a specific <i>id</i>,
    481. 

  481.       and update the HTML manually
    482. 

  482.       &mdash; when the model changes, the views simply update themselves.
    483. 

  483.     </p>
    484. 

  484. 

  485.     <p>
    486. 

  486.       Many of the examples that follow are runnable. Click the <i>play</i> button
    487. 

  487.       to execute them.
    488. 

  488.     </p>
    489. 

  489.     
    490. 

  490.     <h2 id="upgrading">Upgrading to 0.9</h2>
    491. 

  491.     
    492. 

  492.     <p>
    493. 

  493.       Backbone's <b>0.9</b> series should be considered as a release candidate
    494. 

  494.       for an upcoming <b>1.0</b>. Some APIs have changed, and while there is a 
    495. 

  495.       <a href="#changelog">change log</a> available, and many new features to
    496. 

  496.       take advantage of, there are a few specific changes where you'll need 
    497. 

  497.       to take care:
    498. 

  498.     </p>
    499. 

  499.     
    500. 

  500.     <ul>
    501. 

  501.       <li>
    502. 

  502.         If you've ever manually set <tt>this.el</tt> in a Backbone View to be a 
    503. 

  503.         particular DOM element, you'll want to use 
    504. 

  504.         <a href="#View-setElement">setElement</a> instead. 
    505. 

  505.       </li>
    506. 

  506.       <li>
    507. 

  507.         Creating and destroying models is now optimistic. Pass <tt>{wait: true}</tt>
    508. 

  508.         if you need the previous behavior of waiting for the server to acknowledge
    509. 

  509.         success. You can now also pass <tt>{wait: true}</tt> to <a href="#Model-save">save</a> calls.
    510. 

  510.       </li>
    511. 

  511.       <li>
    512. 

  512.         If you have been writing a fair amount of <tt>$(view.el)</tt>, there's now
    513. 

  513.         a cached reference for that jQuery object: <a href="#View-$el">$el</a>.
    514. 

  514.       </li>
    515. 

  515.       <li>
    516. 

  516.         If you're upgrading, make sure you also upgrade your version of Underscore.js
    517. 

  517.         to the latest &mdash; 1.3.1 or greater.
    518. 

  518.       </li>
    519. 

  519.     </ul>
    520. 

  520. 

  521.     <h2 id="Events">Backbone.Events</h2>
    522. 

  522. 

  523.     <p>
    524. 

  524.       <b>Events</b> is a module that can be mixed in to any object, giving the
    525. 

  525.       object the ability to bind and trigger custom named events. Events do not
    526. 

  526.       have to be declared before they are bound, and may take passed arguments.
    527. 

  527.       For example:
    528. 

  528.     </p>
    529. 

  529. 

  530. <pre class="runnable">
    531. 

  531. var object = {};
    532. 

  532. 

  533. _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
    534. 

  534. 

  535. object.on("alert", function(msg) {
    536. 

  536.   alert("Triggered " + msg);
    537. 

  537. });
    538. 

  538. 

  539. object.trigger("alert", "an event");
    540. 

  540. </pre>
    541. 

  541. 

  542.     <p>
    543. 

  543.       For example, to make a handy event dispatcher that can coordinate events
    544. 

  544.       among different areas of your application: <tt>var dispatcher = _.clone(Backbone.Events)</tt>
    545. 

  545.     </p>
    546. 

  546. 

  547.     <p id="Events-on">
    548. 

  548.       <b class="header">on</b><code>object.on(event, callback, [context])</code><span class="alias">Alias: bind</span>
    549. 

  549.       <br />
    550. 

  550.       Bind a <b>callback</b> function to an object. The callback will be invoked
    551. 

  551.       whenever the <b>event</b> is fired.
    552. 

  552.       If you have a large number of different events on a page, the convention is to use colons to
    553. 

  553.       namespace them: <tt>"poll:start"</tt>, or <tt>"change:selection"</tt>.
    554. 

  554.       The event string may also be a space-delimited list of several events...
    555. 

  555.     </p>
    556. 

  556.     
    557. 

  557. <pre>
    558. 

  558. book.on("change:title change:author", ...);
    559. 

  559. </pre>
    560. 

  560. 

  561.     <p>
    562. 

  562.       To supply a <b>context</b> value for <tt>this</tt> when the callback is invoked,
    563. 

  563.       pass the optional third argument: <tt>model.on('change', this.render, this)</tt>
    564. 

  564.     </p>
    565. 

  565. 

  566.     <p>
    567. 

  567.       Callbacks bound to the special
    568. 

  568.       <tt>"all"</tt> event will be triggered when any event occurs, and are passed
    569. 

  569.       the name of the event as the first argument. For example, to proxy all events
    570. 

  570.       from one object to another:
    571. 

  571.     </p>
    572. 

  572. 

  573. <pre>
    574. 

  574. proxy.on("all", function(eventName) {
    575. 

  575.   object.trigger(eventName);
    576. 

  576. });
    577. 

  577. </pre>
    578. 

  578. 

  579.     <p id="Events-off">
    580. 

  580.       <b class="header">off</b><code>object.off([event], [callback], [context])</code><span class="alias">Alias: unbind</span>
    581. 

  581.       <br />
    582. 

  582.       Remove a previously-bound <b>callback</b> function from an object. If no
    583. 

  583.       <b>context</b> is specified, all of the versions of the callback with
    584. 

  584.       different contexts will be removed. If no
    585. 

  585.       callback is specified, all callbacks for the <b>event</b> will be
    586. 

  586.       removed. If no event is specified, <i>all</i> event callbacks on the object
    587. 

  587.       will be removed.
    588. 

  588.     </p>
    589. 

  589. 

  590. <pre>
    591. 

  591. object.off("change", onChange);  // Removes just the onChange callback.
    592. 

  592. 

  593. object.off("change");            // Removes all "change" callbacks.
    594. 

  594. 

  595. object.off();                    // Removes all callbacks on object.
    596. 

  596. </pre>
    597. 

  597. 

  598.     <p id="Events-trigger">
    599. 

  599.       <b class="header">trigger</b><code>object.trigger(event, [*args])</code>
    600. 

  600.       <br />
    601. 

  601.       Trigger callbacks for the given <b>event</b>, or space-delimited list of events. 
    602. 

  602.       Subsequent arguments to <b>trigger</b> will be passed along to the 
    603. 

  603.       event callbacks.
    604. 

  604.     </p>
    605. 

  605. 

  606.     <h2 id="Model">Backbone.Model</h2>
    607. 

  607. 

  608.     <p>
    609. 

  609.       <b>Models</b> are the heart of any JavaScript application, containing
    610. 

  610.       the interactive data as well as a large part of the logic surrounding it:
    611. 

  611.       conversions, validations, computed properties, and access control. You
    612. 

  612.       extend <b>Backbone.Model</b> with your domain-specific methods, and
    613. 

  613.       <b>Model</b> provides a basic set of functionality for managing changes.
    614. 

  614.     </p>
    615. 

  615. 

  616.     <p>
    617. 

  617.       The following is a contrived example, but it demonstrates defining a model
    618. 

  618.       with a custom method, setting an attribute, and firing an event keyed
    619. 

  619.       to changes in that specific attribute.
    620. 

  620.       After running this code once, <tt>sidebar</tt> will be
    621. 

  621.       available in your browser's console, so you can play around with it.
    622. 

  622.     </p>
    623. 

  623. 

  624. <pre class="runnable">
    625. 

  625. var Sidebar = Backbone.Model.extend({
    626. 

  626.   promptColor: function() {
    627. 

  627.     var cssColor = prompt("Please enter a CSS color:");
    628. 

  628.     this.set({color: cssColor});
    629. 

  629.   }
    630. 

  630. });
    631. 

  631. 

  632. window.sidebar = new Sidebar;
    633. 

  633. 

  634. sidebar.on('change:color', function(model, color) {
    635. 

  635.   $('#sidebar').css({background: color});
    636. 

  636. });
    637. 

  637. 

  638. sidebar.set({color: 'white'});
    639. 

  639. 

  640. sidebar.promptColor();
    641. 

  641. </pre>
    642. 

  642. 

  643.     <p id="Model-extend">
    644. 

  644.       <b class="header">extend</b><code>Backbone.Model.extend(properties, [classProperties])</code>
    645. 

  645.       <br />
    646. 

  646.       To create a <b>Model</b> class of your own, you extend <b>Backbone.Model</b>
    647. 

  647.       and provide instance <b>properties</b>, as well as optional
    648. 

  648.       <b>classProperties</b> to be attached directly to the constructor function.
    649. 

  649.     </p>
    650. 

  650. 

  651.     <p>
    652. 

  652.       <b>extend</b> correctly sets up the prototype chain, so subclasses created
    653. 

  653.       with <b>extend</b> can be further extended and subclassed as far as you like.
    654. 

  654.     </p>
    655. 

  655. 

  656. <pre>
    657. 

  657. var Note = Backbone.Model.extend({
    658. 

  658. 

  659.   initialize: function() { ... },
    660. 

  660. 

  661.   author: function() { ... },
    662. 

  662. 

  663.   coordinates: function() { ... },
    664. 

  664. 

  665.   allowedToEdit: function(account) {
    666. 

  666.     return true;
    667. 

  667.   }
    668. 

  668. 

  669. });
    670. 

  670. 

  671. var PrivateNote = Note.extend({
    672. 

  672. 

  673.   allowedToEdit: function(account) {
    674. 

  674.     return account.owns(this);
    675. 

  675.   }
    676. 

  676. 

  677. });
    678. 

  678. </pre>
    679. 

  679. 

  680.     <p class="warning">
    681. 

  681.         Brief aside on <tt>super</tt>: JavaScript does not provide
    682. 

  682.         a simple way to call super &mdash; the function of the same name defined
    683. 

  683.         higher on the prototype chain. If you override a core function like
    684. 

  684.         <tt>set</tt>, or <tt>save</tt>, and you want to invoke the
    685. 

  685.         parent object's implementation, you'll have to explicitly call it, along these lines:
    686. 

  686.     </p>
    687. 

  687. 

  688. <pre>
    689. 

  689. var Note = Backbone.Model.extend({
    690. 

  690.   set: function(attributes, options) {
    691. 

  691.     Backbone.Model.prototype.set.call(this, attributes, options);
    692. 

  692.     ...
    693. 

  693.   }
    694. 

  694. });
    695. 

  695. </pre>
    696. 

  696. 

  697.     <p id="Model-constructor">
    698. 

  698.       <b class="header">constructor / initialize</b><code>new Model([attributes])</code>
    699. 

  699.       <br />
    700. 

  700.       When creating an instance of a model, you can pass in the initial values
    701. 

  701.       of the <b>attributes</b>, which will be <a href="#Model-set">set</a> on the
    702. 

  702.       model. If you define an <b>initialize</b> function, it will be invoked when
    703. 

  703.       the model is created.
    704. 

  704.     </p>
    705. 

  705. 

  706. <pre>
    707. 

  707. new Book({
    708. 

  708.   title: "One Thousand and One Nights",
    709. 

  709.   author: "Scheherazade"
    710. 

  710. });
    711. 

  711. </pre>
    712. 

  712. 

  713.     <p>
    714. 

  714.       In rare cases, if you're looking to get fancy,
    715. 

  715.       you may want to override <b>constructor</b>, which allows
    716. 

  716.       you to replace the actual constructor function for your model.
    717. 

  717.     </p>
    718. 

  718. 

  719.     <p id="Model-get">
    720. 

  720.       <b class="header">get</b><code>model.get(attribute)</code>
    721. 

  721.       <br />
    722. 

  722.       Get the current value of an attribute from the model. For example:
    723. 

  723.       <tt>note.get("title")</tt>
    724. 

  724.     </p>
    725. 

  725. 

  726.     <p id="Model-set">
    727. 

  727.       <b class="header">set</b><code>model.set(attributes, [options])</code>
    728. 

  728.       <br />
    729. 

  729.       Set a hash of attributes (one or many) on the model. If any of the attributes
    730. 

  730.       change the models state, a <tt>"change"</tt> event will be triggered, unless
    731. 

  731.       <tt>{silent: true}</tt> is passed as an option. Change events for specific
    732. 

  732.       attributes are also triggered, and you can bind to those as well, for example:
    733. 

  733.       <tt>change:title</tt>, and <tt>change:content</tt>. You may also pass
    734. 

  734.       individual keys and values.
    735. 

  735.     </p>
    736. 

  736. 

  737. <pre>
    738. 

  738. note.set({title: "March 20", content: "In his eyes she eclipses..."});
    739. 

  739. 

  740. book.set("title", "A Scandal in Bohemia");
    741. 

  741. </pre>
    742. 

  742. 

  743.     <p>
    744. 

  744.       If the model has a <a href="#Model-validate">validate</a> method,
    745. 

  745.       it will be validated before the attributes are set, no changes will
    746. 

  746.       occur if the validation fails, and <b>set</b> will return <tt>false</tt>.
    747. 

  747.       Otherwise, <b>set</b> returns a reference to the model.
    748. 

  748.       You may also pass an <tt>error</tt>
    749. 

  749.       callback in the options, which will be invoked instead of triggering an
    750. 

  750.       <tt>"error"</tt> event, should validation fail.
    751. 

  751.     </p>
    752. 

  752. 

  753.     <p id="Model-escape">
    754. 

  754.       <b class="header">escape</b><code>model.escape(attribute)</code>
    755. 

  755.       <br />
    756. 

  756.       Similar to <a href="#Model-get">get</a>, but returns the HTML-escaped version
    757. 

  757.       of a model's attribute. If you're interpolating data from the model into
    758. 

  758.       HTML, using <b>escape</b> to retrieve attributes will prevent
    759. 

  759.       <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting">XSS</a> attacks.
    760. 

  760.     </p>
    761. 

  761. 

  762. <pre class="runnable">
    763. 

  763. var hacker = new Backbone.Model({
    764. 

  764.   name: "&lt;script&gt;alert('xss')&lt;/script&gt;"
    765. 

  765. });
    766. 

  766. 

  767. alert(hacker.escape('name'));
    768. 

  768. </pre>
    769. 

  769. 

  770.     <p id="Model-has">
    771. 

  771.       <b class="header">has</b><code>model.has(attribute)</code>
    772. 

  772.       <br />
    773. 

  773.       Returns <tt>true</tt> if the attribute is set to a non-null or non-undefined
    774. 

  774.       value.
    775. 

  775.     </p>
    776. 

  776. 

  777. <pre>
    778. 

  778. if (note.has("title")) {
    779. 

  779.   ...
    780. 

  780. }
    781. 

  781. </pre>
    782. 

  782. 

  783.     <p id="Model-unset">
    784. 

  784.       <b class="header">unset</b><code>model.unset(attribute, [options])</code>
    785. 

  785.       <br />
    786. 

  786.       Remove an attribute by deleting it from the internal attributes hash.
    787. 

  787.       Fires a <tt>"change"</tt> event unless <tt>silent</tt> is passed as an option.
    788. 

  788.     </p>
    789. 

  789. 

  790.     <p id="Model-clear">
    791. 

  791.       <b class="header">clear</b><code>model.clear([options])</code>
    792. 

  792.       <br />
    793. 

  793.       Removes all attributes from the model. Fires a <tt>"change"</tt> event unless
    794. 

  794.       <tt>silent</tt> is passed as an option.
    795. 

  795.     </p>
    796. 

  796. 

  797.     <p id="Model-id">
    798. 

  798.       <b class="header">id</b><code>model.id</code>
    799. 

  799.       <br />
    800. 

  800.       A special property of models, the <b>id</b> is an arbitrary string
    801. 

  801.       (integer id or UUID). If you set the <b>id</b> in the
    802. 

  802.       attributes hash, it will be copied onto the model as a direct property.
    803. 

  803.       Models can be retrieved by id from collections, and the id is used to generate
    804. 

  804.       model URLs by default.
    805. 

  805.     </p>
    806. 

  806. 

  807.     <p id="Model-idAttribute">
    808. 

  808.       <b class="header">idAttribute</b><code>model.idAttribute</code>
    809. 

  809.       <br />
    810. 

  810.       A model's unique identifier is stored under the <tt>id</tt> attribute.
    811. 

  811.       If you're directly communicating with a backend (CouchDB, MongoDB) that uses
    812. 

  812.       a different unique key, you may set a Model's <tt>idAttribute</tt> to
    813. 

  813.       transparently map from that key to <tt>id</tt>.
    814. 

  814. 

  815. <pre class="runnable">
    816. 

  816. var Meal = Backbone.Model.extend({
    817. 

  817.   idAttribute: "_id"
    818. 

  818. });
    819. 

  819. 

  820. var cake = new Meal({ _id: 1, name: "Cake" });
    821. 

  821. alert("Cake id: " + cake.id);
    822. 

  822. </pre>
    823. 

  823.     </p>
    824. 

  824. 

  825.     <p id="Model-cid">
    826. 

  826.       <b class="header">cid</b><code>model.cid</code>
    827. 

  827.       <br />
    828. 

  828.       A special property of models, the <b>cid</b> or client id is a unique identifier
    829. 

  829.       automatically assigned to all models when they're first created. Client ids
    830. 

  830.       are handy when the model has not yet been saved to the server, and does not
    831. 

  831.       yet have its eventual true <b>id</b>, but already needs to be visible in the UI.
    832. 

  832.       Client ids take the form: <tt>c1, c2, c3 ...</tt>
    833. 

  833.     </p>
    834. 

  834. 

  835.     <p id="Model-attributes">
    836. 

  836.       <b class="header">attributes</b><code>model.attributes</code>
    837. 

  837.       <br />
    838. 

  838.       The <b>attributes</b> property is the internal hash containing the model's
    839. 

  839.       state. Please use <a href="#Model-set">set</a> to update the attributes instead of modifying
    840. 

  840.       them directly. If you'd like to retrieve and munge a copy of the model's
    841. 

  841.       attributes, use <a href="#Model-toJSON">toJSON</a> instead.
    842. 

  842.     </p>
    843. 

  843. 

  844.     <p id="Model-defaults">
    845. 

  845.       <b class="header">defaults</b><code>model.defaults or model.defaults()</code>
    846. 

  846.       <br />
    847. 

  847.       The <b>defaults</b> hash (or function) can be used to specify the default
    848. 

  848.       attributes for your model. When creating an instance of the model,
    849. 

  849.       any unspecified attributes will be set to their default value.
    850. 

  850.     </p>
    851. 

  851. 

  852. <pre class="runnable">
    853. 

  853. var Meal = Backbone.Model.extend({
    854. 

  854.   defaults: {
    855. 

  855.     "appetizer":  "caesar salad",
    856. 

  856.     "entree":     "ravioli",
    857. 

  857.     "dessert":    "cheesecake"
    858. 

  858.   }
    859. 

  859. });
    860. 

  860. 

  861. alert("Dessert will be " + (new Meal).get('dessert'));
    862. 

  862. </pre>
    863. 

  863. 

  864.     <p class="warning">
    865. 

  865.       Remember that in JavaScript, objects are passed by reference, so if you
    866. 

  866.       include an object as a default value, it will be shared among all instances.
    867. 

  867.     </p>
    868. 

  868. 

  869.     <p id="Model-toJSON">
    870. 

  870.       <b class="header">toJSON</b><code>model.toJSON()</code>
    871. 

  871.       <br />
    872. 

  872.       Return a copy of the model's <a href="#Model-attributes">attributes</a> for JSON stringification.
    873. 

  873.       This can be used for persistence, serialization, or for augmentation before
    874. 

  874.       being handed off to a view. The name of this method is a bit confusing, as
    875. 

  875.       it doesn't actually return a JSON string &mdash; but I'm afraid that it's
    876. 

  876.       the way that the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JSON#toJSON()_method">JavaScript API for <b>JSON.stringify</b> works</a>.
    877. 

  877.     </p>
    878. 

  878. 

  879. <pre class="runnable">
    880. 

  880. var artist = new Backbone.Model({
    881. 

  881.   firstName: "Wassily",
    882. 

  882.   lastName: "Kandinsky"
    883. 

  883. });
    884. 

  884. 

  885. artist.set({birthday: "December 16, 1866"});
    886. 

  886. 

  887. alert(JSON.stringify(artist));
    888. 

  888. </pre>
    889. 

  889. 

  890.     <p id="Model-fetch">
    891. 

  891.       <b class="header">fetch</b><code>model.fetch([options])</code>
    892. 

  892.       <br />
    893. 

  893.       Resets the model's state from the server. Useful if the model has never
    894. 

  894.       been populated with data, or if you'd like to ensure that you have the
    895. 

  895.       latest server state. A <tt>"change"</tt> event will be triggered if the
    896. 

  896.       server's state differs from the current attributes. Accepts
    897. 

  897.       <tt>success</tt> and <tt>error</tt> callbacks in the options hash, which
    898. 

  898.       are passed <tt>(model, response)</tt> as arguments.
    899. 

  899.     </p>
    900. 

  900. 

  901. <pre>
    902. 

  902. // Poll every 10 seconds to keep the channel model up-to-date.
    903. 

  903. setInterval(function() {
    904. 

  904.   channel.fetch();
    905. 

  905. }, 10000);
    906. 

  906. </pre>
    907. 

  907. 

  908.     <p id="Model-save">
    909. 

  909.       <b class="header">save</b><code>model.save([attributes], [options])</code>
    910. 

  910.       <br />
    911. 

  911.       Save a model to your database (or alternative persistence layer),
    912. 

  912.       by delegating to <a href="#Sync">Backbone.sync</a>. The <b>attributes</b>
    913. 

  913.       hash (as in <a href="#Model-set">set</a>) should contain the attributes
    914. 

  914.       you'd like to change &mdash; keys that aren't mentioned won't be altered &mdash; but,
    915. 

  915.       a <i>complete representation</i> of the resource will be sent to the server.
    916. 

  916.       As with <tt>set</tt>, you may pass individual keys and values instead of a hash.
    917. 

  917.       If the model has a <a href="#Model-validate">validate</a>
    918. 

  918.       method, and validation fails, the model will not be saved. If the model
    919. 

  919.       <a href="#Model-isNew">isNew</a>, the save will be a <tt>"create"</tt>
    920. 

  920.       (HTTP <tt>POST</tt>), if the model already
    921. 

  921.       exists on the server, the save will be an <tt>"update"</tt> (HTTP <tt>PUT</tt>).
    922. 

  922.     </p>
    923. 

  923.     
    924. 

  924.     <p>
    925. 

  925.       Calling <tt>save</tt> with new attributes will cause a <tt>"change"</tt>
    926. 

  926.       event immediately, and a <tt>"sync"</tt> event after the server has acknowledged
    927. 

  927.       the successful change. Pass <tt>{wait: true}</tt> if you'd like to wait
    928. 

  928.       for the server before setting the new attributes on the model.
    929. 

  929.     </p>
    930. 

  930. 

  931.     <p>
    932. 

  932.       In the following example, notice how our overridden version
    933. 

  933.       of <tt>Backbone.sync</tt> receives a <tt>"create"</tt> request
    934. 

  934.       the first time the model is saved and an <tt>"update"</tt>
    935. 

  935.       request the second time.
    936. 

  936.     </p>
    937. 

  937. 

  938. <pre class="runnable">
    939. 

  939. Backbone.sync = function(method, model) {
    940. 

  940.   alert(method + ": " + JSON.stringify(model));
    941. 

  941.   model.id = 1;
    942. 

  942. };
    943. 

  943. 

  944. var book = new Backbone.Model({
    945. 

  945.   title: "The Rough Riders",
    946. 

  946.   author: "Theodore Roosevelt"
    947. 

  947. });
    948. 

  948. 

  949. book.save();
    950. 

  950. 

  951. book.save({author: "Teddy"});
    952. 

  952. </pre>
    953. 

  953. 

  954.     <p>
    955. 

  955.       <b>save</b> accepts <tt>success</tt> and <tt>error</tt> callbacks in the
    956. 

  956.       options hash, which are passed <tt>(model, response)</tt> as arguments.
    957. 

  957.       The <tt>error</tt> callback will also be invoked if the model has a
    958. 

  958.       <tt>validate</tt> method, and validation fails. If a server-side
    959. 

  959.       validation fails, return a non-<tt>200</tt> HTTP response code, along with
    960. 

  960.       an error response in text or JSON.
    961. 

  961.     </p>
    962. 

  962. 

  963. <pre>
    964. 

  964. book.save("author", "F.D.R.", {error: function(){ ... }});
    965. 

  965. </pre>
    966. 

  966. 

  967.     <p id="Model-destroy">
    968. 

  968.       <b class="header">destroy</b><code>model.destroy([options])</code>
    969. 

  969.       <br />
    970. 

  970.       Destroys the model on the server by delegating an HTTP <tt>DELETE</tt>
    971. 

  971.       request to <a href="#Sync">Backbone.sync</a>. Accepts
    972. 

  972.       <tt>success</tt> and <tt>error</tt> callbacks in the options hash.
    973. 

  973.       Triggers a <tt>"destroy"</tt> event on the model, which will bubble up
    974. 

  974.       through any collections that contain it, and a <tt>"sync"</tt> event, after
    975. 

  975.       the server has successfully acknowledged the model's deletion. Pass
    976. 

  976.       <tt>{wait: true}</tt> if you'd like to wait for the server to respond 
    977. 

  977.       before removing the model from the collection.
    978. 

  978.     </p>
    979. 

  979. 

  980. <pre>
    981. 

  981. book.destroy({success: function(model, response) {
    982. 

  982.   ...
    983. 

  983. }});
    984. 

  984. </pre>
    985. 

  985. 

  986.     <p id="Model-validate">
    987. 

  987.       <b class="header">validate</b><code>model.validate(attributes)</code>
    988. 

  988.       <br />
    989. 

  989.       This method is left undefined, and you're encouraged to override it with
    990. 

  990.       your custom validation logic, if you have any that can be performed
    991. 

  991.       in JavaScript. <b>validate</b> is called before <tt>set</tt> and
    992. 

  992.       <tt>save</tt>, and is passed the attributes that are about to be updated.
    993. 

  993.       If the model and attributes are valid, don't return anything from <b>validate</b>;
    994. 

  994.       if the attributes are invalid, return an error of your choosing. It
    995. 

  995.       can be as simple as a string error message to be displayed, or a complete
    996. 

  996.       error object that describes the error programmatically. <tt>set</tt> and
    997. 

  997.       <tt>save</tt> will not continue if <b>validate</b> returns an error.
    998. 

  998.       Failed validations trigger an <tt>"error"</tt> event.
    999. 

  999.     </p>
    1000. 

  1000. 

  1001. <pre class="runnable">
    1002. 

  1002. var Chapter = Backbone.Model.extend({
    1003. 

  1003.   validate: function(attrs) {
    1004. 

  1004.     if (attrs.end < attrs.start) {
    1005. 

  1005.       return "can't end before it starts";
    1006. 

  1006.     }
    1007. 

  1007.   }
    1008. 

  1008. });
    1009. 

  1009. 

  1010. var one = new Chapter({
    1011. 

  1011.   title : "Chapter One: The Beginning"
    1012. 

  1012. });
    1013. 

  1013. 

  1014. one.on("error", function(model, error) {
    1015. 

  1015.   alert(model.get("title") + " " + error);
    1016. 

  1016. });
    1017. 

  1017. 

  1018. one.set({
    1019. 

  1019.   start: 15,
    1020. 

  1020.   end:   10
    1021. 

  1021. });
    1022. 

  1022. </pre>
    1023. 

  1023. 

  1024.     <p>
    1025. 

  1025.       <tt>"error"</tt> events are useful for providing coarse-grained error
    1026. 

  1026.       messages at the model or collection level, but if you have a specific view
    1027. 

  1027.       that can better handle the error, you may override and suppress the event
    1028. 

  1028.       by passing an <tt>error</tt> callback directly:
    1029. 

  1029.     </p>
    1030. 

  1030. 

  1031. <pre>
    1032. 

  1032. account.set({access: "unlimited"}, {
    1033. 

  1033.   error: function(model, error) {
    1034. 

  1034.     alert(error);
    1035. 

  1035.   }
    1036. 

  1036. });
    1037. 

  1037. </pre>
    1038. 

  1038. 

  1039.     <p id="Model-isValid">
    1040. 

  1040.       <b class="header">isValid</b><code>model.isValid()</code>
    1041. 

  1041.       <br />
    1042. 

  1042.       Models may enter an invalid state if you make changes to them silently
    1043. 

  1043.       ... useful when dealing with form input. Call <tt>model.isValid()</tt>
    1044. 

  1044.       to check if the model is currently in a valid state, according to your
    1045. 

  1045.       <tt>validate</tt> function.
    1046. 

  1046.     </p>
    1047. 

  1047.       
    1048. 

  1048.     <p id="Model-url">
    1049. 

  1049.       <b class="header">url</b><code>model.url()</code>
    1050. 

  1050.       <br />
    1051. 

  1051.       Returns the relative URL where the model's resource would be located on
    1052. 

  1052.       the server. If your models are located somewhere else, override this method
    1053. 

  1053.       with the correct logic. Generates URLs of the form: <tt>"/[collection.url]/[id]"</tt>,
    1054. 

  1054.       falling back to <tt>"/[urlRoot]/id"</tt> if the model is not part of a collection.
    1055. 

  1055.     </p>
    1056. 

  1056. 

  1057.     <p>
    1058. 

  1058.       Delegates to <a href="#Collection-url">Collection#url</a> to generate the
    1059. 

  1059.       URL, so make sure that you have it defined, or a <a href="#Model-urlRoot">urlRoot</a>
    1060. 

  1060.       property, if all models of this class share a common root URL.
    1061. 

  1061.       A model with an id of <tt>101</tt>, stored in a
    1062. 

  1062.       <a href="#Collection">Backbone.Collection</a> with a <tt>url</tt> of <tt>"/documents/7/notes"</tt>,
    1063. 

  1063.       would have this URL: <tt>"/documents/7/notes/101"</tt>
    1064. 

  1064.     </p>
    1065. 

  1065. 

  1066.     <p id="Model-urlRoot">
    1067. 

  1067.       <b class="header">urlRoot</b><code>model.urlRoot</code>
    1068. 

  1068.       <br />
    1069. 

  1069.       Specify a <tt>urlRoot</tt> if you're using a model outside of a collection,
    1070. 

  1070.       to enable the default <a href="#Model-url">url</a> function to generate
    1071. 

  1071.       URLs based on the model id. <tt>"/[urlRoot]/id"</tt><br /> 
    1072. 

  1072.       Note that <tt>urlRoot</tt> may also be defined as a function.
    1073. 

  1073.     </p>
    1074. 

  1074. 

  1075. <pre class="runnable">
    1076. 

  1076. var Book = Backbone.Model.extend({urlRoot : '/books'});
    1077. 

  1077. 

  1078. var solaris = new Book({id: "1083-lem-solaris"});
    1079. 

  1079. 

  1080. alert(solaris.url());
    1081. 

  1081. </pre>
    1082. 

  1082. 

  1083.     <p id="Model-parse">
    1084. 

  1084.       <b class="header">parse</b><code>model.parse(response)</code>
    1085. 

  1085.       <br />
    1086. 

  1086.       <b>parse</b> is called whenever a model's data is returned by the
    1087. 

  1087.       server, in <a href="#Model-fetch">fetch</a>, and <a href="#Model-save">save</a>.
    1088. 

  1088.       The function is passed the raw <tt>response</tt> object, and should return
    1089. 

  1089.       the attributes hash to be <a href="#Model-set">set</a> on the model. The
    1090. 

  1090.       default implementation is a no-op, simply passing through the JSON response.
    1091. 

  1091.       Override this if you need to work with a preexisting API, or better namespace
    1092. 

  1092.       your responses.
    1093. 

  1093.     </p>
    1094. 

  1094. 

  1095.     <p>
    1096. 

  1096.       If you're working with a Rails backend, you'll notice that Rails' default
    1097. 

  1097.       <tt>to_json</tt> implementation includes a model's attributes under a
    1098. 

  1098.       namespace. To disable this behavior for seamless Backbone integration, set:
    1099. 

  1099.     </p>
    1100. 

  1100. 

  1101. <pre>
    1102. 

  1102. ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json = false
    1103. 

  1103. </pre>
    1104. 

  1104. 

  1105.     <p id="Model-clone">
    1106. 

  1106.       <b class="header">clone</b><code>model.clone()</code>
    1107. 

  1107.       <br />
    1108. 

  1108.       Returns a new instance of the model with identical attributes.
    1109. 

  1109.     </p>
    1110. 

  1110. 

  1111.     <p id="Model-isNew">
    1112. 

  1112.       <b class="header">isNew</b><code>model.isNew()</code>
    1113. 

  1113.       <br />
    1114. 

  1114.       Has this model been saved to the server yet? If the model does not yet have
    1115. 

  1115.       an <tt>id</tt>, it is considered to be new.
    1116. 

  1116.     </p>
    1117. 

  1117. 

  1118.     <p id="Model-change">
    1119. 

  1119.       <b class="header">change</b><code>model.change()</code>
    1120. 

  1120.       <br />
    1121. 

  1121.       Manually trigger the <tt>"change"</tt> event and a <tt>"change:attribute"</tt>
    1122. 

  1122.       event for each attribute that has changed. If you've been passing
    1123. 

  1123.       <tt>{silent: true}</tt> to the <a href="#Model-set">set</a> function in order to
    1124. 

  1124.       aggregate rapid changes to a model, you'll want to call <tt>model.change()</tt>
    1125. 

  1125.       when you're all finished.
    1126. 

  1126.     </p>
    1127. 

  1127. 

  1128.     <p id="Model-hasChanged">
    1129. 

  1129.       <b class="header">hasChanged</b><code>model.hasChanged([attribute])</code>
    1130. 

  1130.       <br />
    1131. 

  1131.       Has the model changed since the last <tt>"change"</tt> event? If an <b>attribute</b>
    1132. 

  1132.       is passed, returns <tt>true</tt> if that specific attribute has changed.
    1133. 

  1133.     </p>
    1134. 

  1134. 

  1135.     <p class="warning">
    1136. 

  1136.       Note that this method, and the following change-related ones,
    1137. 

  1137.       are only useful during the course of a <tt>"change"</tt> event.
    1138. 

  1138.     </p>
    1139. 

  1139. 

  1140. <pre>
    1141. 

  1141. book.on("change", function() {
    1142. 

  1142.   if (book.hasChanged("title")) {
    1143. 

  1143.     ...
    1144. 

  1144.   }
    1145. 

  1145. });
    1146. 

  1146. </pre>
    1147. 

  1147. 

  1148.     <p id="Model-changedAttributes">
    1149. 

  1149.       <b class="header">changedAttributes</b><code>model.changedAttributes([attributes])</code>
    1150. 

  1150.       <br />
    1151. 

  1151.       Retrieve a hash of only the model's attributes that have changed. Optionally,
    1152. 

  1152.       an external <b>attributes</b> hash can be passed in, returning
    1153. 

  1153.       the attributes in that hash which differ from the model. This can be used
    1154. 

  1154.       to figure out which portions of a view should be updated, or what calls
    1155. 

  1155.       need to be made to sync the changes to the server.
    1156. 

  1156.     </p>
    1157. 

  1157. 

  1158.     <p id="Model-previous">
    1159. 

  1159.       <b class="header">previous</b><code>model.previous(attribute)</code>
    1160. 

  1160.       <br />
    1161. 

  1161.       During a <tt>"change"</tt> event, this method can be used to get the
    1162. 

  1162.       previous value of a changed attribute.
    1163. 

  1163.     </p>
    1164. 

  1164. 

  1165. <pre class="runnable">
    1166. 

  1166. var bill = new Backbone.Model({
    1167. 

  1167.   name: "Bill Smith"
    1168. 

  1168. });
    1169. 

  1169. 

  1170. bill.on("change:name", function(model, name) {
    1171. 

  1171.   alert("Changed name from " + bill.previous("name") + " to " + name);
    1172. 

  1172. });
    1173. 

  1173. 

  1174. bill.set({name : "Bill Jones"});
    1175. 

  1175. </pre>
    1176. 

  1176. 

  1177.     <p id="Model-previousAttributes">
    1178. 

  1178.       <b class="header">previousAttributes</b><code>model.previousAttributes()</code>
    1179. 

  1179.       <br />
    1180. 

  1180.       Return a copy of the model's previous attributes. Useful for getting a
    1181. 

  1181.       diff between versions of a model, or getting back to a valid state after
    1182. 

  1182.       an error occurs.
    1183. 

  1183.     </p>
    1184. 

  1184. 

  1185.     <h2 id="Collection">Backbone.Collection</h2>
    1186. 

  1186. 

  1187.     <p>
    1188. 

  1188.       Collections are ordered sets of models. You can bind <tt>"change"</tt> events
    1189. 

  1189.       to be notified when any model in the collection has been modified,
    1190. 

  1190.       listen for <tt>"add"</tt> and <tt>"remove"</tt> events, <tt>fetch</tt>
    1191. 

  1191.       the collection from the server, and use a full suite of
    1192. 

  1192.       <a href="#Collection-Underscore-Methods">Underscore.js methods</a>.
    1193. 

  1193.     </p>
    1194. 

  1194. 

  1195.     <p>
    1196. 

  1196.       Any event that is triggered on a model in a collection will also be
    1197. 

  1197.       triggered on the collection directly, for convenience.
    1198. 

  1198.       This allows you to listen for changes to specific attributes in any
    1199. 

  1199.       model in a collection, for example:
    1200. 

  1200.       <tt>Documents.on("change:selected", ...)</tt>
    1201. 

  1201.     </p>
    1202. 

  1202. 

  1203.     <p id="Collection-extend">
    1204. 

  1204.       <b class="header">extend</b><code>Backbone.Collection.extend(properties, [classProperties])</code>
    1205. 

  1205.       <br />
    1206. 

  1206.       To create a <b>Collection</b> class of your own, extend <b>Backbone.Collection</b>,
    1207. 

  1207.       providing instance <b>properties</b>, as well as optional <b>classProperties</b> to be attached
    1208. 

  1208.       directly to the collection's constructor function.
    1209. 

  1209.     </p>
    1210. 

  1210. 

  1211.     <p id="Collection-model">
    1212. 

  1212.       <b class="header">model</b><code>collection.model</code>
    1213. 

  1213.       <br />
    1214. 

  1214.       Override this property to specify the model class that the collection
    1215. 

  1215.       contains. If defined, you can pass raw attributes objects (and arrays) to
    1216. 

  1216.       <a href="#Collection-add">add</a>, <a href="#Collection-create">create</a>,
    1217. 

  1217.       and <a href="#Collection-reset">reset</a>, and the attributes will be
    1218. 

  1218.       converted into a model of the proper type.
    1219. 

  1219.     </p>
    1220. 

  1220. 

  1221. <pre>
    1222. 

  1222. var Library = Backbone.Collection.extend({
    1223. 

  1223.   model: Book
    1224. 

  1224. });
    1225. 

  1225. </pre>
    1226. 

  1226. 

  1227.     <p id="Collection-constructor">
    1228. 

  1228.       <b class="header">constructor / initialize</b><code>new Collection([models], [options])</code>
    1229. 

  1229.       <br />
    1230. 

  1230.       When creating a Collection, you may choose to pass in the initial array of <b>models</b>.
    1231. 

  1231.       The collection's <a href="#Collection-comparator">comparator</a> function
    1232. 

  1232.       may be included as an option. If you define an <b>initialize</b> function, it will be
    1233. 

  1233.       invoked when the collection is created.
    1234. 

  1234.     </p>
    1235. 

  1235. 

  1236. <pre>
    1237. 

  1237. var tabs = new TabSet([tab1, tab2, tab3]);
    1238. 

  1238. </pre>
    1239. 

  1239. 

  1240.     <p id="Collection-models">
    1241. 

  1241.       <b class="header">models</b><code>collection.models</code>
    1242. 

  1242.       <br />
    1243. 

  1243.       Raw access to the JavaScript array of models inside of the collection. Usually you'll
    1244. 

  1244.       want to use <tt>get</tt>, <tt>at</tt>, or the <b>Underscore methods</b>
    1245. 

  1245.       to access model objects, but occasionally a direct reference to the array
    1246. 

  1246.       is desired.
    1247. 

  1247.     </p>
    1248. 

  1248. 

  1249.     <p id="Collection-toJSON">
    1250. 

  1250.       <b class="header">toJSON</b><code>collection.toJSON()</code>
    1251. 

  1251.       <br />
    1252. 

  1252.       Return an array containing the attributes hash of each model in the
    1253. 

  1253.       collection. This can be used to serialize and persist the
    1254. 

  1254.       collection as a whole. The name of this method is a bit confusing, because
    1255. 

  1255.       it conforms to
    1256. 

  1256.       <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JSON#toJSON()_method">JavaScript's JSON API</a>.
    1257. 

  1257.     </p>
    1258. 

  1258. 

  1259. <pre class="runnable">
    1260. 

  1260. var collection = new Backbone.Collection([
    1261. 

  1261.   {name: "Tim", age: 5},
    1262. 

  1262.   {name: "Ida", age: 26},
    1263. 

  1263.   {name: "Rob", age: 55}
    1264. 

  1264. ]);
    1265. 

  1265. 

  1266. alert(JSON.stringify(collection));
    1267. 

  1267. </pre>
    1268. 

  1268. 

  1269.     <p id="Collection-Underscore-Methods">
    1270. 

  1270.       <b class="header">Underscore Methods (28)</b>
    1271. 

  1271.       <br />
    1272. 

  1272.       Backbone proxies to <b>Underscore.js</b> to provide 28 iteration functions
    1273. 

  1273.       on <b>Backbone.Collection</b>. They aren't all documented here, but
    1274. 

  1274.       you can take a look at the Underscore documentation for the full details&hellip;
    1275. 

  1275.     </p>
    1276. 

  1276. 

  1277.     <ul class="small">
    1278. 

  1278.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#each">forEach (each)</a></li>
    1279. 

  1279.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#map">map</a></li>
    1280. 

  1280.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#reduce">reduce (foldl, inject)</a></li>
    1281. 

  1281.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#reduceRight">reduceRight (foldr)</a></li>
    1282. 

  1282.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#detect">find (detect)</a></li>
    1283. 

  1283.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#select">filter (select)</a></li>
    1284. 

  1284.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#reject">reject</a></li>
    1285. 

  1285.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#all">every (all)</a></li>
    1286. 

  1286.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#any">some (any)</a></li>
    1287. 

  1287.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#include">include</a></li>
    1288. 

  1288.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#invoke">invoke</a></li>
    1289. 

  1289.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#max">max</a></li>
    1290. 

  1290.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#min">min</a></li>
    1291. 

  1291.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#sortBy">sortBy</a></li>
    1292. 

  1292.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#groupBy">groupBy</a></li>
    1293. 

  1293.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#sortedIndex">sortedIndex</a></li>
    1294. 

  1294.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#shuffle">shuffle</a></li>
    1295. 

  1295.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#toArray">toArray</a></li>
    1296. 

  1296.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#size">size</a></li>
    1297. 

  1297.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#first">first</a></li>
    1298. 

  1298.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#initial">initial</a></li>
    1299. 

  1299.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#rest">rest</a></li>
    1300. 

  1300.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#last">last</a></li>
    1301. 

  1301.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#without">without</a></li>
    1302. 

  1302.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#indexOf">indexOf</a></li>
    1303. 

  1303.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#lastIndexOf">lastIndexOf</a></li>
    1304. 

  1304.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#isEmpty">isEmpty</a></li>
    1305. 

  1305.       <li><a href="http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore/#chain">chain</a></li>
    1306. 

  1306.     </ul>
    1307. 

  1307. 

  1308. <pre>
    1309. 

  1309. Books.each(function(book) {
    1310. 

  1310.   book.publish();
    1311. 

  1311. }…
    1312.