/shared/codes.php

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<?php
/**
 * Transform some text containing UBB-like code sequences.
 *
 * @todo CDATA for proxy http://javascript.about.com/library/blxhtml.htm
 * @todo &#91;files] - most recent files, in a compact list
 * @todo &#91;files=section:&lt;id>] - files attached in the given section
 * @todo &#91;links] - most recent links, in a compact list
 * @todo &#91;links=section:&lt;id>] - links attached in the given section
 * @todo for [read, add hits aside
 * @todo add a code to link images with clickable maps
 * @todo replace marquee with our own customizable scroller
 * @todo WiKi rendering for lists
 *
 * This module uses the Skin class for the actual rendering.
 *
 * Basic codes, demonstrated into [link]codes/basic.php[/link]:
 * - **...** - wiki bold text
 * - &#91;b]...[/b] - bold text
 * - //...// - italics
 * - &#91;i]...[/i] - italics
 * - __...__ - underlined
 * - &#91;u]...[/u] - underlined
 * - ##...## - monospace
 * - &#91;code]...[/code] - a short sample of fixed-size text (e.g. a file name)
 * - &#91;color]...[/color] - change font color
 * - &#91;tiny]...[/tiny] - tiny size
 * - &#91;small]...[/small] - small size
 * - &#91;big]...[/big] - big size
 * - &#91;huge]...[/huge] - huge size
 * - &#91;subscript]...[/subscript] - subscript
 * - &#91;superscript]...[/superscript] - superscript
 * - ++...++ - inserted
 * - &#91;inserted]...[/inserted] - inserted
 * - --...-- - deleted
 * - &#91;deleted]...[/deleted] - deleted
 * - &#91;flag]...[/flag] - draw attention
 * - &#91;lang=xy]...[/lang] - show some text only on matching language
 * - &#91;style=sans-serif]...[/style] - use a sans-serif font
 * - &#91;style=serif]...[/style] - use a serif font
 * - &#91;style=cursive]...[/style] - mimic hand writing
 * - &#91;style=comic]...[/style] - make it funny
 * - &#91;style=fantasy]...[/style] - guess what will appear
 * - &#91;style=my_style]...[/style] - translated to &lt;span class="my_style"&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;
 *
 * @see codes/basic.php
 *
 * Block codes, demonstrated in [link]codes/blocks.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;indent]...[/indent] - shift text to the right
 * - &#91;center]...[/center] - some centered text
 * - &#91;right]...[/right] - some right-aligned text
 * - &#91;decorated]...[/decorated] - some pretty paragraphs
 * - &#91;caution]...[/caution] - a warning paragraph
 * - &#91;note]...[/note] - a noticeable paragraph
 * - &#91;php]...[/php] - a snippet of php
 * - &#91;snippet]...[/snippet] - a snippet of fixed font data
 * - &#91;quote]...[/quote] - a block of quoted text
 * - &#91;folded]...[/folded] - click to view its content, or to fold it away
 * - &#91;folded=foo bar]...[/folded] - with title 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;unfolded]...[/unfolded] - click to fold
 * - &#91;unfolded=foo bar]...[/unfolded] - with title 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;sidebar]...[/sidebar] - a nice box aside
 * - &#91;sidebar=foo bar]...[/sidebar] - with title 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;scroller]...[/scroller] - some scrolling text
 *
 * @see codes/blocks.php
 *
 * List codes, demonstrated in [link]codes/lists.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;*] - for simple lists
 * - &#91;list]...[/list] - bulleted list
 * - &#91;list=1]...[/list] - numbered list, use numbers
 * - &#91;list=a]...[/list] - numbered list, use letters
 * - &#91;list=A]...[/list] - numbered list, use capital letters
 * - &#91;list=i]...[/list] - numbered list, use roman numbers
 * - &#91;list=I]...[/list] - numbered list, use upper case roman numbers
 *
 * @see codes/lists.php
 *
 * Codes for links, demonstrated in [link]codes/links.php[/link]:
 * - &lt;url&gt; - &lt;a href="url">url&lt;/a> or &lt;a href="url" class="external">url&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;link]&lt;url&gt;[/link] - &lt;a href="url">url&lt;/a> or &lt;a href="url" class="external">url&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;&lt;label&gt;|&lt;url&gt;] - &lt;a href="url">label&lt;/a> or &lt;a href="url" class="external">label&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;link=&lt;label&gt;]&lt;url&gt;[/link] - &lt;a href="url">label&lt;/a> or &lt;a href="url" class="external">label&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;url]&lt;url&gt;[/url] - deprecated by &#91;link]
 * - &#91;url=&lt;url&gt;]&lt;label&gt;[/url] - deprecated by &#91;link]
 * - &#91;button=&lt;label&gt;|&lt;url&gt;] - build simple buttons with css
 * - &#91;click=&lt;label&gt;|&lt;url&gt;] - a button that counts clicks
 * - &#91;clicks=&lt;url&gt;] - lists people who have clicked
 * - &lt;address&gt; - &lt;a href="mailto:address" class="email">address&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;email]&lt;address&gt;[/email] - &lt;a href="mailto:address" class="email">address&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;email=&lt;name&gt;]&lt;address&gt;[/email] - &lt;a href="mailto:address" class="email">name&lt;/a>
 * - &#91;go=&lt;name&gt;, &lt;label&gt;] - trigger the selector on 'name'
 * - &#91;&#91;&lt;name&gt;, &lt;label&gt;]] - Wiki selector
 * - &#91;article=&lt;id>] - use article title as link label
 * - &#91;article=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;article.description=&lt;id>] - insert article description
 * - &#91;form=&lt;id>] - use form title as link label
 * - &#91;form=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;next=&lt;id>] - shortcut to next article
 * - &#91;next=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;previous=&lt;id>] - shortcut to previous article
 * - &#91;previous=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;random] - pick up one page randomly
 * - &#91;random=&lt;section:id>] - one page in this section
 * - &#91;section=&lt;id>] - use section title as link label
 * - &#91;section=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;category=&lt;id>] - use category title as link label
 * - &#91;category=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;category.description=&lt;id>] - insert category description
 * - &#91;decision=&lt;id>] - use decision id in link label
 * - &#91;decision=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;user=&lt;id>] - use nick name as link label
 * - &#91;user=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;server=&lt;id>] - use server title as link label
 * - &#91;server=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;file=&lt;id>] - use file title as link label
 * - &#91;file=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;download=&lt;id>] - a link to download a file
 * - &#91;download=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;comment=&lt;id>] - use comment id in link label
 * - &#91;comment=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;script]&lt;path/script.php&gt;[/script] - to the phpDoc page for script 'path/script.php'
 * - &#91;search] - a search form
 * - &#91;search=&lt;word&gt;] - hit Enter to search for 'word'
 * - &#91;action=&lt;id>] - use action title as link label
 * - &#91;action=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;wikipedia=&lt;keyword] - search Wikipedia
 * - &#91;wikipedia=&lt;keyword, foo bar] - search Wikipedia, with label 'foo bar'
 *
 * @see codes/links.php
 *
 * Titles and questions, demonstrated in [link]codes/titles.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;toc] - table of contents
 * - ==...== - a level 1 headline
 * - &#91;title]...[/title] - a level 1 headline, put in the table of contents
 * - ===...=== - a level 2 headline
 * - &#91;subtitle]...[/subtitle] - a level 2 headline
 * - &#91;header1]...[/header1] - a level 1 headline
 * - &#91;header2]...[/header2] - a level 2 headline
 * - &#91;header3]...[/header3] - a level 3 headline
 * - &#91;header4]...[/header4] - a level 4 headline
 * - &#91;header5]...[/header5] - a level 5 headline
 * - &#91;toq] - the table of questions for this page
 * - &#91;question]...[/question] - a question-title
 * - &#91;question] - a simple question
 * - &#91;answer] - some answer in a FAQ
 *
 * @see codes/titles.php
 *
 * Tables, demonstrated in [link]codes/tables.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;table]...[/table] - one simple table
 * - &#91;table=grid]...[/table] - add a grid
 * - &#91;table].[body].[/table] - a table with headers
 * - &#91;csv]...[/csv] - import some data from Excel
 * - &#91;csv=;]...[/csv] - import some data from Excel
 * - &#91;table.json] - format a table as json
 *
 * @see codes/tables.php
 *
 * Live codes, demonstrated in [link]codes/live.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;sections] - site map
 * - &#91;sections=section:&lt;id>] - sub-sections
 * - &#91;sections=self] - sections assigned to current surfer
 * - &#91;sections=user:&lt;id>] - sections assigned to given user
 * - &#91;categories] - category tree
 * - &#91;categories=category:&lt;id>] - sub-categories
 * - &#91;categories=self] - categories assigned to current surfer
 * - &#91;categories=user:&lt;id>] - categories assigned to given user
 * - &#91;published] - most recent published pages, in a compact list
 * - &#91;published=section:&lt;id>] - articles published most recently in the given section
 * - &#91;published=category:&lt;id>] - articles published most recently in the given category
 * - &#91;published=user:&lt;id>] - articles published most recently created by given user
 * - &#91;published.decorated=self, 20] - 20 most recent pages from current surfer, as a decorated list
 * - &#91;updated] - most recent updated pages, in a compact list
 * - &#91;updated=section:&lt;id>] - articles updated most recently in the given section
 * - &#91;updated=category:&lt;id>] - articles updated most recently in the given category
 * - &#91;updated=user:&lt;id>] - articles updated most recently created by given user
 * - &#91;updated.simple=self, 12] - articles updated most recently created by current surfer, as a simple list
 * - &#91;read] - most read articles, in a compact list
 * - &#91;read=section:&lt;id>] - articles of fame in the given section
 * - &#91;read=self] - personal hits
 * - &#91;read=user:&lt;id>] - personal hits
 * - &#91;voted] - most voted articles, in a compact list
 * - &#91;voted=section:&lt;id>] - articles of fame in the given section
 * - &#91;voted=self] - personal hits
 * - &#91;voted=user:&lt;id>] - personal hits
 * - &#91;collections] - list available collections
 * - &#91;users=present] - list of users present on site
 *
 * @see codes/live.php
 *
 * Widgets, demonstrated in [link]codes/widgets.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;newsfeed=url] - integrate a newsfeed dynamically
 * - &#91;newsfeed.embed=url] - integrate a newsfeed dynamically
 * - &#91;twitter=id] - twitter updates of one person
 * - &#91;tsearch=token] - twitter search on a given topic
 * - &#91;iframe=&lt;width&gt;, &lt;height&gt;]&lt;url&gt;[/iframe] - include some external page
 * - &#91;freemind] - a Freemind map of site content
 * - &#91;freemind=section:&lt;id>] - a Freemind map of a section and its content
 * - &#91;freemind=section:&lt;id>, width, height] - a Freemind map of a section and its content
 * - &#91;cloud] - the tags used at this site
 * - &#91;cloud=12] - maximum count of tags used at this site
 * - &#91;calendar] - events for this month
 * - &#91;calendar=section:&lt;id>] - dates in one section
 * - &#91;locations=all] - newest locations
 * - &#91;locations=users] - map user locations on Google maps
 * - &#91;location=latitude, longitude, label] - to build a dynamic map
 *
 * @see codes/widgets.php
 *
 * Miscellaneous codes, demonstrated in [link]codes/misc.php[/link]:
 * - &#91;chart]...[/chart] - draw a dynamic chart
 * - &#91;hint=&lt;help popup]...[/hint] - &lt;acronym tite="help popup">...&lt;/acronym>
 * - &#91;nl] - new line
 * - ----... - line break
 * - &#91;---] or &#91;___] - horizontal rule
 * - &#91;new] - something new
 * - &#91;popular] - people love it
 * - &#91;be] - country flag
 * - &#91;ca] - country flag
 * - &#91;ch] - country flag
 * - &#91;de] - country flag
 * - &#91;en] - country flag
 * - &#91;es] - country flag
 * - &#91;fr] - country flag
 * - &#91;gb] - country flag
 * - &#91;gr] - country flag
 * - &#91;it] - country flag
 * - &#91;pt] - country flag
 * - &#91;us] - country flag
 *
 * @see codes/misc.php
 *
 * In-line elements:
 * - &#91;embed=&lt;id>, &lt;width>, &lt;height>, &lt;flashparams>] - embed a multimedia file
 * - &#91;embed=&lt;id>, window] - render a multimedia file in a separate window
 * - &#91;freemind=&lt;id>] - a Freemind map out of given file
 * - &#91;sound=&lt;id>] - play a sound
 * - &#91;image=&lt;id>] - an inline image
 * - &#91;image=&lt;id>,left] - a left-aligned image
 * - &#91;image=&lt;id>,center] - a centered image
 * - &#91;image=&lt;id>,right] - a right-aligned image
 * - &#91;image]src[/image]
 * - &#91;image=&lt;alt>]src[/image]
 * - &#91;images=&lt;id1>, &lt;id2>, ...] - a stack of images
 * - &#91;img]src[/img] (deprecated)
 * - &#91;img=&lt;alt>]src[/img] (deprecated)
 * - &#91;table=&lt;id>] - an inline table
 * - &#91;location=&lt;id>] - embed a map
 * - &#91;location=&lt;id>, foo bar] - with label 'foo bar'
 * - &#91;clear] - to introduce breaks after floating elements
 *
 * @link http://www.estvideo.com/dew/index/2005/02/16/370-player-flash-mp3-leger-comme-une-plume the dewplayer page
 *
 * Other codes:
 * - &#91;menu=label]url[/menu] -> one of the main menu command
 * - &#91;submenu=label]url[/submenu]	-> one of the second-level menu commands
 * - &#91;escape]...[/escape]
 * - &#91;anonymous]...[/anonymous] 	-> for non-logged people only
 * - &#91;restricted]...[/restricted]		-> for logged members only
 * - &#91;hidden]...[/hidden]		-> for associates only
 * - &#91;parameter=name]	-> value of one attribute of the global context
 *
 *
 * This script attempts to fight bbCode code injections by filtering strings to be used
 * as [code]src[/code] or as [code]href[/code] attributes (Thank you Mordread).
 *
 * @author Bernard Paques
 * @author Mordread Wallas
 * @author GnapZ
 * @author Alain Lesage (Lasares)
 * @tester Viviane Zaniroli
 * @tester Agnes
 * @tester Pat
 * @tester Guillaume Perez
 * @tester Fw_crocodile
 * @tester Christian Piercot
 * @tester Christian Loubechine
 * @reference
 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.txt GNU Lesser General Public License
 */
Class Codes {

	/**
	 * beautify some text for final rendering
	 *
	 * This function is used to transform some text before sending it back to the browser.
	 * It actually performs following analysis:
	 * - implicit formatting
	 * - formatting codes
	 * - smileys
	 *
	 * If the keyword [escape][formatted][/escape] appears at the first line of text,
	 * or if options have the keyword ##formatted##, no implicit formatting is performed.
	 *
	 * If the keyword [escape][hardcoded][/escape] appears at the first line of text,
	 * or if options have the keyword ##hardcoded##, the only transformation is is new lines to breaks.
	 *
	 * If options feature the keyword ##compact##, then YACS codes that may
	 * generate big objects are removed, such as [escape][table]...[/table][/escape]
	 * and [escape][location][/escape].
	 *
	 * @param string the text to beautify
	 * @param string the set of options that apply to this text
	 * @return the beautified text
	 *
	 * @see articles/view.php
	 */
	function &beautify($text, $options='') {
		global $context;

		// save CPU cycles
		$text = trim($text);
		if(!$text)
			return $text;

		//
		// looking for compact content
		//
		if(preg_match('/\bcompact\b/i', $options))
			$text = preg_replace(array('/\[table.+?\/table\]/', '/\[location.+?\]/'), '', $text);

		//
		// implicit formatting
		//

		// new lines will have to be checked
		$new_lines = 'proceed';

		// text is already formatted
		if(!strncmp($text, '[formatted]', 11)) {
			$new_lines = 'none';
			$text = substr($text, 11);

		// text is already formatted (through options)
		} elseif(preg_match('/\bformatted\b/i', $options))
			$new_lines = 'none';

		// newlines are hard coded
		elseif(!strncmp($text, '[hardcoded]', 11)) {
			$new_lines = 'hardcoded';
			$text = substr($text, 11);

		// newlines are hard coded (through options)
		} elseif(preg_match('/\bhardcoded\b/i', $options))
			$new_lines = 'hardcoded';

		// implicit formatting
		else
			$text =& Codes::beautify_implied($text, 'text');

		//
		// translate codes
		//

		// render codes
		$text =& Codes::render($text);

		// render smileys after codes, else it will break escaped strings
		if(is_callable(array('Smileys', 'render_smileys')))
			$text =& Smileys::render_smileys($text);

		// relocate images
		$text = str_replace('"skins/', '"'.$context['path_to_root'].'skins/', $text);

		//
		// adjust end of lines
		//

		// newlines are hard coded
		if($new_lines == 'hardcoded')
			$text = nl2br($text);

		// implicit formatting
		elseif($new_lines == 'proceed')
			$text =& Codes::beautify_implied($text, 'newlines');

		return $text;
	}

	/**
	 * beautify some text in the extra panel
	 *
	 * @param string the text to beautify
	 * @return the beautified text
	 *
	 * @see articles/view.php
	 */
	function &beautify_extra($text) {
		global $context;

		$search = array();
		$replace = array();

		// [box.extra=title]...[/box]
		$search[] = '/\[box\.(extra)=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/box\]/ise';
		$replace[] = "Skin::build_box(stripslashes('$2'), stripslashes('$3'), '$1')";

		// [box.navigation=title]...[/box]
		$search[] = '/\[box\.(navigation)=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/box\]/ise';
		$replace[] = "Skin::build_box(stripslashes('$2'), stripslashes('$3'), '$1')";

		// process all codes
		$text = preg_replace($search, $replace, $text);

		// regular rendering
		$text =& Codes::beautify($text);

		return $text;

	}

	/**
	 * render some basic formatting
	 *
	 * - suppress multiple newlines
	 * - render empty lines
	 * - render simple bulleted lines
	 * - make URL clickable (http://..., www.foo.bar, foo.bar@foo.com)
	 *
	 * Now this function looks for the keyword &#91;escape] in order
	 * to avoid for formatting pre-formatted areas.
	 *
	 * For example, if you type:
	 * [snippet]
	 * hello
	 * world
	 *
	 * how are
	 * you doing?
	 *
	 * - my first item
	 * - my second item
	 *
	 * > quoted from
	 * > a previous message
	 * [/snippet]
	 *
	 * This will be rendered visually in the browser as:
	 * [snippet]
	 * hello world
	 *
	 * how are you doing?
	 *
	 * - my first item
	 * - my second item
	 *
	 * > quoted from
	 * > a previous message
	 * [/snippet]
	 *
	 * @param string the text to transform
	 * @param sring either 'text' or 'newlines'
	 * @return the modified string
	 */
	function &beautify_implied($text, $variant='text') {

		// streamline newlines, even if this has been done elsewhere
		$text = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r"), "\n", $text);

		// only change end of lines
		if($variant == 'newlines') {

			// formatting patterns
			$search = array(
				"|<br\s*/>\n+|i",		/* don't insert additional \n after <br /> */
				"|\n\n+|i"				/* force an html space between paragraphs */
				);

			$replace = array(
				BR,
				BR.BR
				);

		// change everything, except new lines
		} else {

			// formatting patterns
			$search = array(
				"|</h1>\n+|i",			/* strip \n after title */
				"|</h2>\n+|i",
				"|</h3>\n+|i",
				"|</h4>\n+|i",
				'/http:\/\/www\.youtube\.com\/watch\?v=([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/i', // YouTube link
				"#^([a-z]+?)://([a-z0-9_\-\.\~\/@&;:=%$\?]+)#ie", /* make URL clickable */
				"#([\n\t ])([a-z]+?)://([a-z0-9_\-\.\~\/@&;:=%$\?]+)#ie", /* make URL clickable */
				"#([\n\t \(])www\.([a-z0-9\-]+)\.([a-z0-9_\-\.\~]+)((?:/[^,< \r\n\)]*)?)#ie",	/* web server */
				"/^\<p\>(-|\*)\s+(.+)\<\/p\>$/im", /* lists hard-coded with -, *, ¤, or • -- no space ahead */
				"/^(-|\*)\s+(.+)$/m", /* lists hard-coded with -, *, ¤, or • -- no space ahead */
				"/\n[ \t]*(From|To|cc|bcc|Subject|Date):(\s*)/i",	/* common message headers */
				"|\n[ \t]*>(\s*)|i",		/* quoted by > */
				"|\n[ \t]*\|(\s*)|i",		/* quoted by | */
				"#([\n\t ])(mailto:|)([a-z0-9_\-\.\~]+?)@([a-z0-9_\-\.\~]+\.[a-z0-9_\-\.\~]+)([\n\t ]*)#ie" /* mail address*/
				);

			$replace = array(
				"</h1>",
				"</h2>",
				"</h3>",
				"</h4>",
				'<iframe class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="445" height="364" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/$1" frameborder="0"></iframe>', // YouTube link
				"Skin::build_link('$1://$2', '$1://$2')",
				"'$1'.Skin::build_link('$2://$3', '$2://$3')",
				"'$1'.Skin::build_link('http://www.$2.$3$4', 'www.$2.$3$4')",
				"<ul><li>$2</li></ul>",
				"<ul><li>$2</li></ul>",
				BR."$1:$2",
				BR.">$1",
				BR."|$1",
				"'$1'.Skin::build_link('mailto:$3@$4', '$3@$4', 'email').'$5'"
				);
		}

		// preserve escaped areas
		$text = str_replace(array('[escape]', '[/escape]', '[list]', '[/list]', '[php]', '[/php]', '[snippet]', '[/snippet]'),
			array('<escape>', '</escape>', '<list>', '</list>', '<php>', '</php>', '<snippet>', '</snippet>'), $text);

		// locate pre-formatted areas
		$areas = preg_split('/<(code|escape|list|php|snippet|pre)>(.*?)<\/\1>/is', trim($text), -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);

		// format only adequate areas
		$index = 0;
		$formatted = '';
		$inside = FALSE;
		$target = '';
		foreach($areas as $area) {

			switch($index%3) {
			case 0: // area to be formatted

				// do not rewrite tags
				$items = preg_split('/<(.+?)>/is', $area, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
				$where = 0;
				foreach($items as $item) {

					switch($where%2) {

					case 0: // outside a tag
						if($inside)
							$target .= $item;
						else
							$formatted .= preg_replace($search, $replace, $item);
						break;

					case 1: // inside a tag

						// inside or outside a link
						if($inside && !strncmp($item, '/a', 2)) {
							$formatted .= preg_replace($search, $replace, $target).'<'.$item.'>';
							$target = '';
							$inside = FALSE;
						} elseif($inside)
							$target .= '<'.$item.'>';
						elseif(!strncmp($item, 'a ', 2)) {
							$formatted .= '<'.$item.'>';
							$inside = TRUE;
						} else
							$formatted .= '<'.$item.'>';
						break;

					}
					$where++;
				}
				break;

			case 1: // area boundary
				$tag = $area;
				break;

			case 2: // pre-formatted area - left unmodified

				// inside a link, or regular text
				if($inside)
					$target .= '<'.$tag.'>'.$area.'</'.$tag.'>';
				else
					$formatted .= '<'.$tag.'>'.$area.'</'.$tag.'>';
				break;

			}
			$index++;
		}

		// post-optimization
		if($variant == 'text')
			$formatted = preg_replace('#</ul>\n{0,1}<ul>#', '', $formatted);
		$formatted = preg_replace('#\n\n+<ul#', "\n<ul", $formatted);

		// restore escaped areas
		$formatted = str_replace(array('<escape>', '</escape>', '<list>', '</list>', '<php>', '</php>', '<snippet>', '</snippet>'),
			array('[escape]', '[/escape]', '[list]', '[/list]', '[php]', '[/php]', '[snippet]', '[/snippet]'), $formatted);

		return $formatted;
	}

	/**
	 * format an introduction
	 *
	 * @param string raw introduction
	 * @return string finalized title
	 */
	function &beautify_introduction($text) {

		// render codes
		$output =& Codes::render($text);

		// render smileys after codes, else it will break escaped strings
		if(is_callable(array('Smileys', 'render_smileys')))
			$output =& Smileys::render_smileys($output);

		// return by reference
		return $output;
	}

	/**
	 * format a title
	 *
	 * New lines and images are the only things accepted in titles.
	 * The goal is to provide a faster service than beautify()
	 *
	 * @param string raw title
	 * @return string finalized title
	 */
	function &beautify_title($text) {

		// suppress pairing codes
		$output =& Codes::strip($text);

		// the only code transformed in titles
		$output = str_replace(array('[nl]', '[NL]'), '<br />', $output);

		// remove everything, except links, breaks and images, and selected tags
		$output = strip_tags($output, '<a><abbr><acronym><b><big><br><code><del><div><dfn><em><i><img><ins><p><q><small><span><strong><sub><sup><tt><u>');

		// return by reference
		return $output;
	}

	/**
	 * determine if a code is already in some text
	 *
	 * @param string the text to check
	 * @param string code to check (e.g., 'embed')
	 * @param int the id of the object
	 * @return boolean TRUE if the code is present, false otherwise
	 */
	function check_embedded($text, $code, $id) {

		// we check the string of digits
		$id = strval($id);

		// parse the full string
		$count = strlen($text);
		$position = 0;

		// look for '[embed' or similar
		while(($position = strpos($text, '['.$code, $position)) !== FALSE) {
			$position += 1+strlen($code);

			// parse remaining chars
			while($position < $count) {

				// digits just follow the '=' sign
				if($text[$position] == '=') {
					$position++;

					// exact match
					if(($position + 2 + strlen($id) < $count) && !strcmp(substr($text, $position, strlen($id)), $id))
						return TRUE;

					// not in this code, look at next one
					break;

				// malformed code
				} elseif($text[$position] == ']') {
					$position++;
					break;
				}

				// next char
				$position++;
			}
		}

		// not found
		return FALSE;
	}

	/**
	 * delete a code if it is present in some text
	 *
	 * @param string the text to check
	 * @param string code to check (e.g., 'embed')
	 * @param int the id of the object
	 * @return string the resulting string
	 */
	function delete_embedded($text, $code, $id) {

		// we check the string of digits
		$id = strval($id);

		// parse the full string
		$count = strlen($text);
		$position = 0;

		// look for '[embed' or similar
		while(($position = strpos($text, '['.$code, $position)) !== FALSE) {

			// we have to take everything before that point
			$prefix = $position;

			// next char
			$position += 1+strlen($code);

			// parse remaining chars
			while($position < $count) {

				// digits just follow the '=' sign
				if($text[$position] == '=') {
					$position++;

					// exact match
					if(($position + strlen($id) <= $count) && !strcmp(substr($text, $position, strlen($id)), $id)) {
						$position += strlen($id);

						// look for ']'
						while($position < $count) {
							if($text[$position] == ']') {
								$position++;
								break;
							}
							$position++;
						}

						// do the deletion
						$modified = '';
						if($prefix > 0)
							$modified .= substr($text, 0, $prefix);
						if($position < $count)
							$modified .= substr($text, $position, $count-$position);
						return $modified;
					}

					// not in this code, look at next one
					break;

				// malformed code
				} elseif($text[$position] == ']') {
					$position++;
					break;
				}

				// next char
				$position++;
			}
		}

		// not found
		return $text;
	}

	/**
	 * fix line breaks introduced by FCKEditor
	 *
	 * This function moves unclosed tags to the beginning of content.
	 *
	 * @param string input
	 * @return string original or modified content
	 */
	function &fix_tags($text) {

		// look for opening tag at content end
		$last_open = strrpos($text, '<p>');
		$last_close = strrpos($text, '</p');
		if($last_open && (($last_close === FALSE) || ($last_open > $last_close))) {

			// trail
			$trail = '';
			if(strlen($text) > $last_open + 3)
				$trail = substr($text, $last_open + 3);

			// move it to content start to restore pairing tags
			$text = '<p>'.substr($text, 0, $last_open).$trail;

		}

		// also fix broken img tags, if any
		$text = preg_replace('/\<(img[^\<\/]+)\>/i', '<\\1 />', $text);

		// remove slashes added by preg_replace -- only for double quotes
		$text = str_replace('\"', '"', $text);

		// done
		return $text;
	}

	/**
	 * get the value of one global parameter
	 *
	 * @param string name of the parameter
	 * @param mixed default value, if any
	 * @return the actual value of this parameter, else the default value, else ''
	 */
	function &get_parameter($name, $default='') {
		global $context;

		if(isset($context[$name])) {
			$output =& $context[$name];
			return $output;
		}

		$output = $default;
		return $output;
	}

	/**
	 * reset global variables used for rendering
	 *
	 * This function should be called between the processing of different articles in a loop
	 *
	 * @param string the target URL for this rendering (e.g., 'articles/view.php/123')
	 */
	function initialize($main_target=NULL) {
		global $context;

		if($main_target)
			$context['self_url'] = $context['url_to_root'].$main_target;

	}

	/**
	 * list all ids matching some code
	 *
	 * @param string the text to check
	 * @param string code to check (e.g., 'embed')
	 * @return array the list of matching ids
	 */
	function list_embedded($text, $code='embed') {

		// all ids we have found
		$ids = array();

		// parse the full string
		$count = strlen($text);
		$position = 0;

		// look for '[embed' or similar
		while(($position = strpos($text, '['.$code, $position)) !== FALSE) {
			$position += 1+strlen($code);

			// parse remaining chars
			while($position < $count) {

				// digits just follow the '=' sign
				if($text[$position] == '=') {
					$position++;

					// capture all digits
					$id = '';
					while($position < $count) {
						if(($text[$position] >= '0') && ($text[$position] <= '9')) {
							$id .= $text[$position];
							$position++;
						} else
							break;
					}

					// save this id
					if(strlen($id))
						$ids[] = $id;

					// look at next code
					break;

				// malformed code
				} elseif($text[$position] == ']') {
					$position++;
					break;
				}

				// next char
				$position++;
			}
		}

		// job done
		return $ids;
	}

	/**
	 * transform codes to html
	 *
	 * [php]
	 * // build the page
	 * $context['text'] .= ...
	 *
	 * // transform codes
	 * $context['text'] = Codes::render($context['text']);
	 *
	 * // final rendering
	 * render_skin();
	 * [/php]
	 *
	 * @param string the input string
	 * @return string the transformed string
	 */
	function &render($text) {
		global $context;

		// streamline newlines, even if this has been done elsewhere
		$text = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r"), "\n", $text);

		// prevent wysiwyg editors to bracket our own tags
		$text = preg_replace('/^<p>(\[.+\])<\/p>$/m', '\\1', $text);

 		// initialize only once
		static $pattern;
		if(!isset($pattern)) {

//			$pattern[] = ;
//			$replace[] = ;
//
//			$pattern[] = ;
//			$replace[] = ;
//
//			$pattern[] = ;
//			$replace[] = ;
//
//			$pattern[] = ;
//			$replace[] = ;
//
//			$pattern[] = ;
//			$replace[] = ;

			$pattern = array(
				"|<!-- .* -->|i",								// remove HTML comments
				'/\[escape\](.*?)\[\/escape\]/ise', 	// [escape]...[/escape] (before everything)
				'/\[php\](.*?)\[\/php\]/ise',			// [php]...[/php]
				'/\[snippet\](.*?)\[\/snippet\]/ise',	// [snippet]...[/snippet]
				'/(\[page\].*)$/is',					// [page] (provide only the first one)
				'/\[hidden\](.*?)\[\/hidden\]/ise', 	// [hidden]...[/hidden] (save some cycles if at the beginning)
				'/\[restricted\](.*?)\[\/restricted\]/ise', // [restricted]...[/restricted] (save some cycles if at the beginning)
				'/\[anonymous\](.*?)\[\/anonymous\]/ise', // [anonymous]...[/anonymous] (save some cycles if at the beginning)
				'/\[parameter=([^\]]+?)\]/ise', 		// [parameter=<name>]
				'/\[lang=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/lang\]/ise',		// [lang=xy]...[/lang]
				'/\[csv=(.)\](.*?)\[\/csv\]/ise',		// [csv=;]...[/csv] (before [table])
				'/\[csv\](.*?)\[\/csv\]/ise',			// [csv]...[/csv] (before [table])
				'/\[table=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/table\]/ise', // [table=variant]...[/table]
				'/\[table\](.*?)\[\/table\]/ise',		// [table]...[/table]
				'/\[images=([^\]]+?)\]/ie', 				// [images=<ids>] (before other links)
				'/\[image\](.*?)\[\/image\]/ise',		// [image]src[/image]
				'/\[image=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/image\]/ise', // [image=alt]src[/image]
				'/\[img\](.*?)\[\/img\]/ise',			// [img]src[/img]
				'/\[img=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/img\]/ise', 	// [img=alt]src[/img]
				'/\[image=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [image=<id>]
				'/##(\S.*?\S)##/is',					// ##...##
				'/\[code\](.*?)\[\/code\]/is',			// [code]...[/code]
				'/\[indent\](.*?)\[\/indent\]/ise', 	// [indent]...[/indent]
				'/\[quote\](.*?)\[\/quote\]/ise',		// [quote]...[/quote]
				'/\[folded=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/folded\]\s*/ise',	// [folded=...]...[/folded]
				'/\[folded\](.*?)\[\/folded\]\s*/ise',	// [folded]...[/folded]
				'/\[folder=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/folder\]\s*/ise',	// [folder=...]...[/folder]
				'/\[folder\](.*?)\[\/folder\]\s*/ise',	// [folder]...[/folder]
				'/\[unfolded=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/unfolded\]\s*/ise',	// [unfolded=...]...[/unfolded]
				'/\[unfolded\](.*?)\[\/unfolded\]\s*/ise',	// [unfolded]...[/unfolded]
				'/\[sidebar=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/sidebar\]\s*/ise',	// [sidebar=...]...[/sidebar]
				'/\[sidebar\](.*?)\[\/sidebar\]\s*/ise',	// [sidebar]...[/sidebar]
				'/\[note\](.*?)\[\/note\]\s*/ise',		// [note]...[/note]
				'/\[caution\](.*?)\[\/caution\]\s*/ise', // [caution]...[/caution]
				'/\[search=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',				// [search=words]
				'/\[search\]/ise',						// [search]
				'/\[cloud=(\d+?)\]/ise',				// [cloud=12]
				'/\[cloud\]/ise',						// [cloud]
				'/\[collections\]/ise', 				// [collections]
				'/\[login=([^\]]+?)\]/is',				// [login=words] --obsoleted
				'/\[login\]/is',						// [login] --obsoleted
				'/\[center\](.*?)\[\/center\]/ise', 	// [center]...[/center]
				'/\[right\](.*?)\[\/right\]/ise',		// [right]...[/right]
				'/\[decorated\](.*?)\[\/decorated\]/ise',// [decorated]...[/decorated]
				'/\[style=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/style\]/ise', // [style=variant]...[/style]
				'/\[hint=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/hint\]/is',	// [hint=help]...[/hint]
				'/\[tiny\](.*?)\[\/tiny\]/ise', 		// [tiny]...[/tiny]
				'/\[small\](.*?)\[\/small\]/ise',		// [small]...[/small]
				'/\[big\](.*?)\[\/big\]/ise',			// [big]...[/big]
				'/\[huge\](.*?)\[\/huge\]/ise', 		// [huge]...[/huge]
				'/\[subscript\](.*?)\[\/subscript\]/is',// [subscript]...[/subscript]
				'/\[superscript\](.*?)\[\/superscript\]/is',// [superscript]...[/superscript]
				'/\+\+(\S.*?\S)\+\+/is',				// ++...++
				'/\[(---+|___+)\]\s*/ise',				// [---], [___] --- before inserted
				'/^-----*/me',							// ----
				'/\[inserted\](.*?)\[\/inserted\]/is',	// [inserted]...[/inserted]
				'/ --(\S.*?\S)--/is',					// --...--
				'/\[deleted\](.*?)\[\/deleted\]/is',	// [deleted]...[/deleted]
				'/\*\*(\S.*?\S)\*\*/is',				// **...**
				'/\[b\](.*?)\[\/b\]/is',				// [b]...[/b]
				'/ \/\/(\S.*?\w)\/\//is',				// //...//
				'/\[i\](.*?)\[\/i\]/is',				// [i]...[/i]
				'/__(\S.*?\S)__/is',					// __...__
				'/\[u\](.*?)\[\/u\]/is',				// [u]...[/u]
				'/\[color=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/color\]/is',	// [color=<color>]...[/color]
				'/\[new\]/ie',							// [new]
				'/\[popular\]/ie',						// [popular]
				'/\[flag=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [flag=<flag>]
				'/\[flag\](.*?)\[\/flag\]/ise', 		// [flag]...[/flag]
				'/\[list\](.*?)\[\/list\]/ise', 		// [list]...[/list]
				'/\[list=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/list\]/ise',	// [list=1]...[/list]
				'/\n\n+[ \t]*\[\*\][ \t]*/ie',			// [*] (outside [list]...[/list])
				'/\n?[ \t]*\[\*\][ \t]*/ie',
				'/\[li\](.*?)\[\/li\]/is',				// [li]...[/li] (outside [list]...[/list])
				'/\[chart=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/chart\]/ise',	// [chart=<width>, <height>, <params>]...[/chart]
				'/\[embed=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [embed=<id>, <width>, <height>, <params>] or [embed=<id>, window]
				'/\[flash=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [flash=<id>, <width>, <height>, <params>] or [flash=<id>, window]
				'/\[sound=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [sound=<id>]
				'/\[go=([^\]]+?)\]/ie', 					// [go=<name>]
				'/\[\[([^\]]+?)\]\]/ie', 					// [[<name>]]
				'/\[article\.description=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',	// [article.description=<id>]
				'/\[article=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [article=<id>] or [article=<id>, title]
				'/\[next=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [next=<id>]
				'/\[previous=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [previous=<id>]
				'/\[random\]/ie',							// [random]
				'/\[random\.description=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',	// [random.description=section:<id>]
				'/\[random=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [random=section:<id>] or [random=category:<id>]
				'/\[form=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [form=<id>] or [form=<id>, title]
				'/\[section=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [section=<id>] or [section=<id>, title]
				'/\[category\.description=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',	// [category.description=<id>]
				'/\[category=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [category=<id>] or [category=<id>, title]
				'/\[user=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [user=<id>] or [user=<id>, title]
				'/\[server=([^\]]+?)\]/ie', 				// [server=<id>]
				'/\[file=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [file=<id>] or [file=<id>, title]
				'/\[download=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [download=<id>] or [download=<id>, title]
				'/\[action=([^\]]+?)\]/ie', 				// [action=<id>]
				'/\[comment=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [comment=<id>] or [comment=<id>, title]
				'/\[decision=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',				// [decision=<id>] or [decision=<id>, title]
				'/\[url=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/url\]/ise', 	// [url=url]label[/url] (deprecated by [link])
				'/\[url\](.*?)\[\/url\]/ise',				// [url]url[/url] (deprecated by [link])
				'/\[link=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/link\]/ise',	// [link=label]url[/link]
				'/\[link\](.*?)\[\/link\]/ise', 			// [link]url[/link]
				'/\[button=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/button\]/ise',	// [button=label]url[/button]
				'/\[button=([^\|]+?)\|([^\]]+?)]/ise',		// [button=label|url]
				'/\[click=([^\|]+?)\|([^\]]+?)]/ise',		// [click=label|url]
				'/\[clicks=([^\]]+?)]/ise',					// [clicks=url]
				'/\[script\](.*?)\[\/script\]/ise', 		// [script]url[/script]
				'/\[menu\](.*?)\[\/menu\]\n*/ise',			// [menu]url[/menu]
				'/\[menu=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/menu\]\n{0,1}/ise',	// [menu=label]url[/menu]
				'/\[submenu\](.*?)\[\/submenu\]\n{0,1}/ise',	// [submenu]url[/submenu]
				'/\[submenu=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/submenu\]\n*/ise', // [submenu=label]url[/submenu]
				'/\[email=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/email\]/ise', // [email=label]url[/email]
				'/\[email\](.*?)\[\/email\]/ise',			// [email]url[/email]
				'/\[([^ ][^\]\|]+?[^ ])\|([^ ][^\]]+?[^ ])\]/ise',			// [label|url]
				'/\[question\](.*?)\[\/question\]\n*/ise',	// [question]...[/question]
				'/\[question\]/ise',						// [question]
				'/\[answer\]/ise',							// [answer]
				'/\[newsfeed=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',				// [newsfeed=url]
				'/\[newsfeed\.([^=\]]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',	// [newsfeed.variant=url]
				'/\[twitter=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',				// [twitter=id]
				'/\[tsearch=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',				// [tsearch=id]
				'/\[retweet\]/ise',							// [retweet]
				'/\[iframe\](.*?)\[\/iframe\]/ise',			// [iframe]<url>[/iframe]
				'/\[iframe=([^\]]+?)\](.*?)\[\/iframe\]/ise',	// [iframe=<width>, <height>]<url>[/iframe]
				'/\[scroller\](.*?)\[\/scroller\]/ise', 	// [scroller]...[/scroller]
				'/\[toq\]\n*/ise',							// [toq] (table of questions)
				'/\[title\](.*?)\[\/title\]\n*/is', 		// [title]...[/title]
				'/\[subtitle\](.*?)\[\/subtitle\]\n*/is',	// [subtitle]...[/subtitle]
				'/\[(header[1-5])\](.*?)\[\/\1\]\n*/ise',	// [header1]...[/header1] ... [header5]...[/header5]
				'/^======(\S.*?\S)======/me',				// ======...====== level 5 headline
				'/<(br \/|p)>======(\S.*?\S)======<(br \/|\/p)>/me',		// ======...====== level 5 headline
				'/^=====(\S.*?\S)=====/me',					// =====...===== level 4 headline
				'/<(br \/|p)>=====(\S.*?\S)=====<(br \/|\/p)>/me',			// =====...===== level 4 headline
				'/^====(\S.*?\S)====/me',					// ====...==== level 3 headline
				'/<(br \/|p)>====(\S.*?\S)====<(br \/|\/p)>/me',			// ====...==== level 3 headline
				'/^===(\S.*?\S)===/me',						// ===...=== level 2 headline
				'/<(br \/|p)>===(\S.*?\S)===<(br \/|\/p)>/me',				// ===...=== level 2 headline
				'/^==(\S.*?\S)==/me',						// ==...== level 1 headline
				'/<(br \/|p)>==(\S.*?\S)==<(br \/|\/p)>/me',				// ==...== level 1 headline
				'/\[toc\]\n*/ise',							// [toc] (table of content)
				'/\[published\.([^\]=]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',	// [published.decorated=section:4029]
				'/\[published\.([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',			// [published.decorated]
				'/\[published=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',			// [published=section:4029]
				'/\[published\]\n*/ise',					// [published]
				'/\[read\.([^\]=]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',	// [read.decorated=section:4029]
				'/\[read\.([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',				// [read.decorated]
				'/\[read=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',				// [read=section:4029]
				'/\[read\]\n*/ise', 						// [read]
				'/\[updated\.([^\]=]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise', // [updated.simple=section:4029] (a list of recent updates)
				'/\[updated\.([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise', 			// [updated.simple] (a list of recent updates)
				'/\[updated=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise', 			// [updated=section:4029] (a compact list of recent updates)
				'/\[updated\]\n*/ise',						// [updated] (a compact list of recent updates)
				'/\[voted\.([^\]=]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',	// [voted.decorated=section:4029]
				'/\[voted\.([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',				// [voted.decorated]
				'/\[voted=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',				// [voted=section:4029]
				'/\[voted\]\n*/ise', 						// [voted]
				'/\[freemind\]\n*/ise', 					// [freemind] (a mind map of site content)
				'/\[freemind=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',			// [freemind=section:4029] (a mind map of section content)
				'/\[sections\]\n*/ise',						// [sections] (site map)
				'/\[sections\.([^\]=]+?)\]\n*/ise',			// [sections.folded] (site map)
				'/\[sections=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',			// [sections=section:4029] (sub-sections)
				'/\[sections\.([^\]=]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',	// [sections.simple=self] (assigned)
				'/\[categories\]\n*/ise',					// [categories] (category tree)
				'/\[categories\.([^\]=]+?)\]\n*/ise',		// [categories.folded] (category tree)
				'/\[categories=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',			// [categories=section:4029] (sub-categories)
				'/\[categories\.([^\]=]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',	// [categories.simple=self] (assigned)
				'/\[calendar\]\n*/ise',					// [calendar]
				'/\[calendar=([^\]]+?)\]\n*/ise',		// [calendar=section:4029]
				'/\[users=([^\]]+?)\]/ie',					// [users=present]
				'/\[news=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',				// [news=flash]
				'/\[table=([^\]]+?)\]/ise', 			// [table=<id>]
				'/\[table\.([^=\]]+?)=([^\]]+?)\]/ise', // [table.json=<id>]  [table.timeplot=<id>]
				'/\[locations=([^\]]+?)\]/ise', 		// [locations=<id>]
				'/\[location=([^\]]+?)\]/ise',			// [location=<id>]
				'/\[wikipedia=([^\]]+?)\]/ise', 		// [wikipedia=keyword] or [wikipedia=keyword, title]
				'/\[digraph\](.*?)\[\/digraph\]/ise',	// [digraph]url[/digraph]
				'/\[be\]/i',							// [be] belgian flag
				'/\[ca\]/i',							// [ca] canadian flag
				'/\[ch\]/i',							// [ch] swiss flag
				'/\[de\]/i',							// [de] german flag
				'/\[en\]/i',							// [en] english flag
				'/\[es\]/i',							// [es] spanish flag
				'/\[fr\]/i',							// [fr] french flag
				'/\[gb\]/i',							// [gb] gb flag
				'/\[gr\]/i',							// [gr] greek flag
				'/\[it\]/i',							// [it] italian flag
				'/\[pt\]/i',							// [pt] portuguese flag
				'/\[us\]/i',							// [pt] us flag
				'/\[clear\]\n*/i',						// [clear]
				'/\[nl\]\n*/si',						// [nl] (after tables)
				'/\[br\]/i' 							// [br] (deprecated by [nl])
			);
		}

		// initialize only once
		static $replace;
		if(!isset($replace)) {
			$replace = array(
				'',																// delete HTML comments
				"Codes::render_escaped(Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",						// [escape]...[/escape]
				"Codes::render_pre(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'php')",					// [php]...[/php]
				"Codes::render_pre(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'snippet')",				// [snippet]...[/snippet]
				'', 																// [page]
				"Codes::render_hidden(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'hidden')",			// [hidden]...[/hidden]
				"Codes::render_hidden(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'restricted')",		// [restricted]...[/restricted]
				"Codes::render_hidden(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'anonymous')",			// [anonymous]...[/anonymous]
				"Codes::get_parameter('\\1')",										// [parameter=<name>]
				"i18n::filter(Codes::fix_tags('$2'), '$1')", 						// [lang=xy]...[/lang]
				"utf8::encode(str_replace('$1', '|', utf8::from_unicode(Codes::fix_tags('$2'))))",	// [csv=;]...[/csv]
				"str_replace(',', '|', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",						// [csv]...[/csv]
				"Codes::render_static_table(Codes::fix_tags('$2'), '$1')",			// [table=variant]...[/table]
				"Codes::render_static_table(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), '')",			// [table]...[/table]
				"Codes::render_object('images', '$1')",								// [images=<ids>]
				"'<div class=\"external_image\"><img src=\"'.encode_link('$1').'\" alt=\"\" /></div>'",	// [image]src[/image]
				"'<div class=\"external_image\"><img src=\"'.encode_link('$2').'\" alt=\"'.encode_link('$1').'\" /></div>'", // [image=alt]src[/image]
				"'<div class=\"external_image\"><img src=\"'.encode_link('$1').'\" alt=\"\" /></div>'",	// [img]src[/img]
				"'<div class=\"external_image\"><img src=\"'.encode_link('$2').'\" alt=\"'.encode_link('$1').'\" /></div>'", // [img=alt]src[/img]
				"Codes::render_object('image', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [image=<id>]
				'<code>\\1</code>', 												// ##...##
				'<code>\\1</code>', 												// [code]...[/code]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'indent')", 				// [indent]...[indent]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'quote')",				// [quote]...[/quote]
				"Skin::build_box('$1', Codes::fix_tags('$2'), 'folded')",			// [folded=title]...[/folded]
				"Skin::build_box(NULL, Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'folded')", 			// [folded]...[/folded]
				"Skin::build_box('$1', Codes::fix_tags('$2'), 'folded')",			// [folder=title]...[/folder]
				"Skin::build_box(NULL, Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'folded')", 			// [folder]...[/folder]
				"Skin::build_box('$1', Codes::fix_tags('$2'), 'unfolded')",			// [unfolded=title]...[/unfolded]
				"Skin::build_box(NULL, Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'unfolded')", 		// [unfolded]...[/unfolded]
				"Skin::build_box('$1', Codes::fix_tags('$2'), 'sidebar')",			// [sidebar=title]...[/sidebar]
				"Skin::build_box(NULL, Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'sidebar')",			// [sidebar]...[/sidebar]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'note')",					// [note]...[/note]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'caution')",				// [caution]...[/caution]
				"Skin::build_block('$1', 'search')",								// [search=<words>]
				"Skin::build_block(NULL, 'search')",								// [search]
				"Codes::render_cloud('$1')",										// [cloud=12]
				"Codes::render_cloud(20)",											// [cloud]
				"Codes::render_collections()",										// [collections]
				'', 																// [login=<words>] --obsoleted
				'', 																// [login] --obsoleted
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'center')", 				// [center]...[/center]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'right')",				// [right]...[/right]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'decorated')",			// [decorated]...[/decorated]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$2'), '$1')", 					// [style=variant]...[/style]
				'<acronym title="\\1">\\2</acronym>',								// [hint=help]...[/hint]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'tiny')",					// [tiny]...[/tiny]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'small')",				// [small]...[/small]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'big')",					// [big]...[/big]
				"Skin::build_block(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), 'huge')",					// [huge]...[/huge]
				'<sub>\\1</sub>',													// [subscript]...[/subscript]
				'<sup>\\1</sup>',													// [superscript]...[/superscript]
				'<ins>\\1</ins>',													// ++...++
				"HORIZONTAL_RULER", 												// [---], [___]
				"HORIZONTAL_RULER", 												// ----
				'<ins>\\1</ins>',													// [inserted]...[/inserted]
				' <del>\\1</del>',													// --...--
				'<del>\\1</del>',													// [deleted]...[/deleted]
				'<b>\\1</b>',														// **...**
				'<b>\\1</b>',														// [b]...[/b]
				' <i>\\1</i>',														// //...//
				'<i>\\1</i>',														// [i]...[/i]
				'<span style="text-decoration: underline">\\1</span>',				// __...__
				'<span style="text-decoration: underline">\\1</span>',				// [u]...[/u]
				'<span style="color: \\1">\\2</span>',								// [color]...[/color]
				"NEW_FLAG", 														// [new]
				"POPULAR_FLAG", 													// [popular]
				"Skin::build_flag('\\1')",											// [flag=....]
				"Skin::build_flag('\\1')",											// [flag]...[/flag]
				"Codes::render_list(Codes::fix_tags('$1'), NULL)",					// [list]...[/list]
				"Codes::render_list(Codes::fix_tags('$2'), '$1')",					// [list=?]...[/list]
				"BR.BR.BULLET_IMG.'&nbsp;'",										// standalone [*]
				"BR.BULLET_IMG.'&nbsp;'",
				'<li>\\1</li>', 													// [li]...[/li]
				"Codes::render_chart(Codes::fix_tags('$2'), '$1')",					// [chart=<width>, <height>, <params>]...[/chart]
				"Codes::render_embed(Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",						// [embed=<id>, <width>, <height>, <params>]
				"Codes::render_embed(Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",						// [flash=<id>, <width>, <height>, <params>] -- obsoleted by 'embed'
				"Codes::render_object('sound', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [sound=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('go', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [go=<name>]
				"Codes::render_object('go', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [[<name>]]
				"Codes::render_object('article.description', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",// [article.description=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('article', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",			// [article=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('next', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [next=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('previous', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",			// [previous=<id>]
				"Codes::render_random()",											// [random]
				"Codes::render_random('$1', 'description')",						// [random.description=section:<id>]
				"Codes::render_random('$1')",										// [random=section:<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('form', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [form=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('section', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",			// [section=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('category.description', '$1')", 				// [category.description=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('category', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",	 		// [category=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('user', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [user=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('server', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",			// [server=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('file', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",				// [file=<id>] or [file=<id>, title]
				"Codes::render_object('download', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",			// [download=<id>] or [download=<id>, title]
				"Codes::render_object('action', Codes::fix_tags('$1'))",			// [action=<id>]
				"Codes::render_object('comment',…

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