/mediawiki-1.16.5/languages/Language.php

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<?php
/**
 * @defgroup Language Language
 *
 * @file
 * @ingroup Language
 */

if( !defined( 'MEDIAWIKI' ) ) {
	echo "This file is part of MediaWiki, it is not a valid entry point.\n";
	exit( 1 );
}

# Read language names
global $wgLanguageNames;
require_once( dirname(__FILE__) . '/Names.php' ) ;

global $wgInputEncoding, $wgOutputEncoding;

/**
 * These are always UTF-8, they exist only for backwards compatibility
 */
$wgInputEncoding    = "UTF-8";
$wgOutputEncoding	= "UTF-8";

if( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) ) {
	mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
}

/**
 * a fake language converter
 *
 * @ingroup Language
 */
class FakeConverter {
	var $mLang;
	function FakeConverter( $langobj ) { $this->mLang = $langobj; }
	function autoConvertToAllVariants( $text ) { return $text; }
	function convert( $t ) { return $t; }
	function convertTitle( $t ) { return $t->getPrefixedText(); }
	function getVariants() { return array( $this->mLang->getCode() ); }
	function getPreferredVariant() { return $this->mLang->getCode(); }
	function getConvRuleTitle() { return false; }
	function findVariantLink(&$l, &$n, $ignoreOtherCond = false) {}
	function getExtraHashOptions() {return '';}
	function getParsedTitle() {return '';}
	function markNoConversion($text, $noParse=false) {return $text;}
	function convertCategoryKey( $key ) {return $key; }
	function convertLinkToAllVariants($text){ return array( $this->mLang->getCode() => $text); }
	function armourMath($text){ return $text; }
}

/**
 * Internationalisation code
 * @ingroup Language
 */
class Language {
	var $mConverter, $mVariants, $mCode, $mLoaded = false;
	var $mMagicExtensions = array(), $mMagicHookDone = false;

	var $mNamespaceIds, $namespaceNames, $namespaceAliases;
	var $dateFormatStrings = array();
	var $mExtendedSpecialPageAliases;

	/**
	 * ReplacementArray object caches
	 */
	var $transformData = array();

	static public $dataCache;
	static public $mLangObjCache = array();

	static public $mWeekdayMsgs = array(
		'sunday', 'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday',
		'friday', 'saturday'
	);

	static public $mWeekdayAbbrevMsgs = array(
		'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat'
	);

	static public $mMonthMsgs = array(
		'january', 'february', 'march', 'april', 'may_long', 'june',
		'july', 'august', 'september', 'october', 'november',
		'december'
	);
	static public $mMonthGenMsgs = array(
		'january-gen', 'february-gen', 'march-gen', 'april-gen', 'may-gen', 'june-gen',
		'july-gen', 'august-gen', 'september-gen', 'october-gen', 'november-gen',
		'december-gen'
	);
	static public $mMonthAbbrevMsgs = array(
		'jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug',
		'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec'
	);

	static public $mIranianCalendarMonthMsgs = array(
		'iranian-calendar-m1', 'iranian-calendar-m2', 'iranian-calendar-m3',
		'iranian-calendar-m4', 'iranian-calendar-m5', 'iranian-calendar-m6',
		'iranian-calendar-m7', 'iranian-calendar-m8', 'iranian-calendar-m9',
		'iranian-calendar-m10', 'iranian-calendar-m11', 'iranian-calendar-m12'
	);

	static public $mHebrewCalendarMonthMsgs = array(
		'hebrew-calendar-m1', 'hebrew-calendar-m2', 'hebrew-calendar-m3',
		'hebrew-calendar-m4', 'hebrew-calendar-m5', 'hebrew-calendar-m6',
		'hebrew-calendar-m7', 'hebrew-calendar-m8', 'hebrew-calendar-m9',
		'hebrew-calendar-m10', 'hebrew-calendar-m11', 'hebrew-calendar-m12',
		'hebrew-calendar-m6a', 'hebrew-calendar-m6b'
	);

	static public $mHebrewCalendarMonthGenMsgs = array(
		'hebrew-calendar-m1-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m2-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m3-gen',
		'hebrew-calendar-m4-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m5-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m6-gen',
		'hebrew-calendar-m7-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m8-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m9-gen',
		'hebrew-calendar-m10-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m11-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m12-gen',
		'hebrew-calendar-m6a-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m6b-gen'
	);

	static public $mHijriCalendarMonthMsgs = array(
		'hijri-calendar-m1', 'hijri-calendar-m2', 'hijri-calendar-m3',
		'hijri-calendar-m4', 'hijri-calendar-m5', 'hijri-calendar-m6',
		'hijri-calendar-m7', 'hijri-calendar-m8', 'hijri-calendar-m9',
		'hijri-calendar-m10', 'hijri-calendar-m11', 'hijri-calendar-m12'
	);

	/**
	 * Get a cached language object for a given language code
	 */
	static function factory( $code ) {
		if ( !isset( self::$mLangObjCache[$code] ) ) {
			if( count( self::$mLangObjCache ) > 10 ) {
				// Don't keep a billion objects around, that's stupid.
				self::$mLangObjCache = array();
			}
			self::$mLangObjCache[$code] = self::newFromCode( $code );
		}
		return self::$mLangObjCache[$code];
	}

	/**
	 * Create a language object for a given language code
	 */
	protected static function newFromCode( $code ) {
		global $IP;
		static $recursionLevel = 0;

		// Protect against path traversal below
		if ( !Language::isValidCode( $code ) 
			|| strcspn( $code, "/\\\000" ) !== strlen( $code ) ) 
		{
			throw new MWException( "Invalid language code \"$code\"" );
		}

		if ( $code == 'en' ) {
			$class = 'Language';
		} else {
			$class = 'Language' . str_replace( '-', '_', ucfirst( $code ) );
			// Preload base classes to work around APC/PHP5 bug
			if ( file_exists( "$IP/languages/classes/$class.deps.php" ) ) {
				include_once("$IP/languages/classes/$class.deps.php");
			}
			if ( file_exists( "$IP/languages/classes/$class.php" ) ) {
				include_once("$IP/languages/classes/$class.php");
			}
		}

		if ( $recursionLevel > 5 ) {
			throw new MWException( "Language fallback loop detected when creating class $class\n" );
		}

		if( ! class_exists( $class ) ) {
			$fallback = Language::getFallbackFor( $code );
			++$recursionLevel;
			$lang = Language::newFromCode( $fallback );
			--$recursionLevel;
			$lang->setCode( $code );
		} else {
			$lang = new $class;
		}
		return $lang;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if a language code string is of a valid form, whether or 
	 * not it exists.
	 */
	public static function isValidCode( $code ) {
		return strcspn( $code, "/\\\000" ) === strlen( $code );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the LocalisationCache instance
	 */
	public static function getLocalisationCache() {
		if ( is_null( self::$dataCache ) ) {
			global $wgLocalisationCacheConf;
			$class = $wgLocalisationCacheConf['class'];
			self::$dataCache = new $class( $wgLocalisationCacheConf );
		}
		return self::$dataCache;
	}

	function __construct() {
		$this->mConverter = new FakeConverter($this);
		// Set the code to the name of the descendant
		if ( get_class( $this ) == 'Language' ) {
			$this->mCode = 'en';
		} else {
			$this->mCode = str_replace( '_', '-', strtolower( substr( get_class( $this ), 8 ) ) );
		}
		self::getLocalisationCache();
	}

	/**
	 * Reduce memory usage
	 */
	function __destruct() {
		foreach ( $this as $name => $value ) {
			unset( $this->$name );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Hook which will be called if this is the content language.
	 * Descendants can use this to register hook functions or modify globals
	 */
	function initContLang() {}

	/**
	 * @deprecated Use User::getDefaultOptions()
	 * @return array
	 */
	function getDefaultUserOptions() {
		wfDeprecated( __METHOD__ );
		return User::getDefaultOptions();
	}

	function getFallbackLanguageCode() {
		if ( $this->mCode === 'en' ) {
			return false;
		} else {
			return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'fallback' );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Exports $wgBookstoreListEn
	 * @return array
	 */
	function getBookstoreList() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'bookstoreList' );
	}

	/**
	 * @return array
	 */
	function getNamespaces() {
		if ( is_null( $this->namespaceNames ) ) {
			global $wgExtraNamespaces, $wgMetaNamespace, $wgMetaNamespaceTalk;

			$this->namespaceNames = self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceNames' );
			if ( $wgExtraNamespaces ) {
				$this->namespaceNames = $wgExtraNamespaces + $this->namespaceNames;
			}

			$this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT] = $wgMetaNamespace;
			if ( $wgMetaNamespaceTalk ) {
				$this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK] = $wgMetaNamespaceTalk;
			} else {
				$talk = $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK];
				$this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK] =
					$this->fixVariableInNamespace( $talk );
			}

			# The above mixing may leave namespaces out of canonical order.
			# Re-order by namespace ID number...
			ksort( $this->namespaceNames );
		}
		return $this->namespaceNames;
	}

	/**
	 * A convenience function that returns the same thing as
	 * getNamespaces() except with the array values changed to ' '
	 * where it found '_', useful for producing output to be displayed
	 * e.g. in <select> forms.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	function getFormattedNamespaces() {
		$ns = $this->getNamespaces();
		foreach($ns as $k => $v) {
			$ns[$k] = strtr($v, '_', ' ');
		}
		return $ns;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a namespace value by key
	 * <code>
	 * $mw_ns = $wgContLang->getNsText( NS_MEDIAWIKI );
	 * echo $mw_ns; // prints 'MediaWiki'
	 * </code>
	 *
	 * @param $index Int: the array key of the namespace to return
	 * @return mixed, string if the namespace value exists, otherwise false
	 */
	function getNsText( $index ) {
		$ns = $this->getNamespaces();
		return isset( $ns[$index] ) ? $ns[$index] : false;
	}

	/**
	 * A convenience function that returns the same thing as
	 * getNsText() except with '_' changed to ' ', useful for
	 * producing output.
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	function getFormattedNsText( $index ) {
		$ns = $this->getNsText( $index );
		return strtr($ns, '_', ' ');
	}

	/**
	 * Get a namespace key by value, case insensitive.
	 * Only matches namespace names for the current language, not the
	 * canonical ones defined in Namespace.php.
	 *
	 * @param $text String
	 * @return mixed An integer if $text is a valid value otherwise false
	 */
	function getLocalNsIndex( $text ) {
		$lctext = $this->lc($text);
		$ids = $this->getNamespaceIds();
		return isset( $ids[$lctext] ) ? $ids[$lctext] : false;
	}

	function getNamespaceAliases() {
		if ( is_null( $this->namespaceAliases ) ) {
			$aliases = self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceAliases' );
			if ( !$aliases ) {
				$aliases = array();
			} else {
				foreach ( $aliases as $name => $index ) {
					if ( $index === NS_PROJECT_TALK ) {
						unset( $aliases[$name] );
						$name = $this->fixVariableInNamespace( $name );
						$aliases[$name] = $index;
					}
				}
			}
			$this->namespaceAliases = $aliases;
		}
		return $this->namespaceAliases;
	}

	function getNamespaceIds() {
		if ( is_null( $this->mNamespaceIds ) ) {
			global $wgNamespaceAliases;
			# Put namespace names and aliases into a hashtable.
			# If this is too slow, then we should arrange it so that it is done
			# before caching. The catch is that at pre-cache time, the above
			# class-specific fixup hasn't been done.
			$this->mNamespaceIds = array();
			foreach ( $this->getNamespaces() as $index => $name ) {
				$this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc($name)] = $index;
			}
			foreach ( $this->getNamespaceAliases() as $name => $index ) {
				$this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc($name)] = $index;
			}
			if ( $wgNamespaceAliases ) {
				foreach ( $wgNamespaceAliases as $name => $index ) {
					$this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc($name)] = $index;
				}
			}
		}
		return $this->mNamespaceIds;
	}


	/**
	 * Get a namespace key by value, case insensitive.  Canonical namespace
	 * names override custom ones defined for the current language.
	 *
	 * @param $text String
	 * @return mixed An integer if $text is a valid value otherwise false
	 */
	function getNsIndex( $text ) {
		$lctext = $this->lc($text);
		if ( ( $ns = MWNamespace::getCanonicalIndex( $lctext ) ) !== null ) {
			return $ns;
		}
		$ids = $this->getNamespaceIds();
		return isset( $ids[$lctext] ) ? $ids[$lctext] : false;
	}

	/**
	 * short names for language variants used for language conversion links.
	 *
	 * @param $code String
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getVariantname( $code ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( "variantname-$code" );
	}

	function specialPage( $name ) {
		$aliases = $this->getSpecialPageAliases();
		if ( isset( $aliases[$name][0] ) ) {
			$name = $aliases[$name][0];
		}
		return $this->getNsText( NS_SPECIAL ) . ':' . $name;
	}

	function getQuickbarSettings() {
		return array(
			$this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-none' ),
			$this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-fixedleft' ),
			$this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-fixedright' ),
			$this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-floatingleft' ),
			$this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-floatingright' )
		);
	}

	function getMathNames() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'mathNames' );
	}

	function getDatePreferences() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'datePreferences' );
	}

	function getDateFormats() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats' );
	}

	function getDefaultDateFormat() {
		$df = self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'defaultDateFormat' );
		if ( $df === 'dmy or mdy' ) {
			global $wgAmericanDates;
			return $wgAmericanDates ? 'mdy' : 'dmy';
		} else {
			return $df;
		}
	}

	function getDatePreferenceMigrationMap() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'datePreferenceMigrationMap' );
	}

	function getImageFile( $image ) {
		return self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'imageFiles', $image );
	}

	function getDefaultUserOptionOverrides() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'defaultUserOptionOverrides' );
	}

	function getExtraUserToggles() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'extraUserToggles' );
	}

	function getUserToggle( $tog ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( "tog-$tog" );
	}

	/**
	 * Get language names, indexed by code.
	 * If $customisedOnly is true, only returns codes with a messages file
	 */
	public static function getLanguageNames( $customisedOnly = false ) {
		global $wgLanguageNames, $wgExtraLanguageNames;
		$allNames = $wgExtraLanguageNames + $wgLanguageNames;
		if ( !$customisedOnly ) {
			return $allNames;
		}

		global $IP;
		$names = array();
		$dir = opendir( "$IP/languages/messages" );
		while( false !== ( $file = readdir( $dir ) ) ) {
			$code = self::getCodeFromFileName( $file, 'Messages' );
			if ( $code && isset( $allNames[$code] ) ) {
				$names[$code] = $allNames[$code];
			}
		}
		closedir( $dir );
		return $names;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a message from the MediaWiki namespace.
	 *
	 * @param $msg String: message name
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getMessageFromDB( $msg ) {
		return wfMsgExt( $msg, array( 'parsemag', 'language' => $this ) );
	}

	function getLanguageName( $code ) {
		$names = self::getLanguageNames();
		if ( !array_key_exists( $code, $names ) ) {
			return '';
		}
		return $names[$code];
	}

	function getMonthName( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getMonthNameGen( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mMonthGenMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getMonthAbbreviation( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mMonthAbbrevMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getWeekdayName( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mWeekdayMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getWeekdayAbbreviation( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mWeekdayAbbrevMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getIranianCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mIranianCalendarMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getHebrewCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mHebrewCalendarMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getHebrewCalendarMonthNameGen( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mHebrewCalendarMonthGenMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	function getHijriCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
		return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mHijriCalendarMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
	}

	/**
	 * Used by date() and time() to adjust the time output.
	 *
	 * @param $ts Int the time in date('YmdHis') format
	 * @param $tz Mixed: adjust the time by this amount (default false, mean we
	 *            get user timecorrection setting)
	 * @return int
	 */
	function userAdjust( $ts, $tz = false )	{
		global $wgUser, $wgLocalTZoffset;

		if ( $tz === false ) {
			$tz = $wgUser->getOption( 'timecorrection' );
		}

		$data = explode( '|', $tz, 3 );

		if ( $data[0] == 'ZoneInfo' ) {
			if ( function_exists( 'timezone_open' ) && @timezone_open( $data[2] ) !== false ) {
				$date = date_create( $ts, timezone_open( 'UTC' ) );
				date_timezone_set( $date, timezone_open( $data[2] ) );
				$date = date_format( $date, 'YmdHis' );
				return $date;
			}
			# Unrecognized timezone, default to 'Offset' with the stored offset.
			$data[0] = 'Offset';
		}

		$minDiff = 0;
		if ( $data[0] == 'System' || $tz == '' ) {
			# Global offset in minutes.
			if( isset($wgLocalTZoffset) ) $minDiff = $wgLocalTZoffset;
		} else if ( $data[0] == 'Offset' ) {
			$minDiff = intval( $data[1] );
		} else {
			$data = explode( ':', $tz );
			if( count( $data ) == 2 ) {
				$data[0] = intval( $data[0] );
				$data[1] = intval( $data[1] );
				$minDiff = abs( $data[0] ) * 60 + $data[1];
				if ( $data[0] < 0 ) $minDiff = -$minDiff;
			} else {
				$minDiff = intval( $data[0] ) * 60;
			}
		}

		# No difference ? Return time unchanged
		if ( 0 == $minDiff ) return $ts;

		wfSuppressWarnings(); // E_STRICT system time bitching
		# Generate an adjusted date; take advantage of the fact that mktime
		# will normalize out-of-range values so we don't have to split $minDiff
		# into hours and minutes.
		$t = mktime( (
		  (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2) ), # Hours
		  (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) + $minDiff, # Minutes
		  (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 ), # Seconds
		  (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ), # Month
		  (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 ), # Day
		  (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) ); #Year

		$date = date( 'YmdHis', $t );
		wfRestoreWarnings();

		return $date;
	}

	/**
	 * This is a workalike of PHP's date() function, but with better
	 * internationalisation, a reduced set of format characters, and a better
	 * escaping format.
	 *
	 * Supported format characters are dDjlNwzWFmMntLoYyaAgGhHiscrU. See the
	 * PHP manual for definitions. "o" format character is supported since
	 * PHP 5.1.0, previous versions return literal o.
	 * There are a number of extensions, which start with "x":
	 *
	 *    xn   Do not translate digits of the next numeric format character
	 *    xN   Toggle raw digit (xn) flag, stays set until explicitly unset
	 *    xr   Use roman numerals for the next numeric format character
	 *    xh   Use hebrew numerals for the next numeric format character
	 *    xx   Literal x
	 *    xg   Genitive month name
	 *
	 *    xij  j (day number) in Iranian calendar
	 *    xiF  F (month name) in Iranian calendar
	 *    xin  n (month number) in Iranian calendar
	 *    xiY  Y (full year) in Iranian calendar
	 *
	 *    xjj  j (day number) in Hebrew calendar
	 *    xjF  F (month name) in Hebrew calendar
	 *    xjt  t (days in month) in Hebrew calendar
	 *    xjx  xg (genitive month name) in Hebrew calendar
	 *    xjn  n (month number) in Hebrew calendar
	 *    xjY  Y (full year) in Hebrew calendar
	 *
	 *    xmj  j (day number) in Hijri calendar
	 *    xmF  F (month name) in Hijri calendar
	 *    xmn  n (month number) in Hijri calendar
	 *    xmY  Y (full year) in Hijri calendar
	 *
	 *    xkY  Y (full year) in Thai solar calendar. Months and days are
	 *                       identical to the Gregorian calendar
	 *    xoY  Y (full year) in Minguo calendar or Juche year.
	 *                       Months and days are identical to the
	 *                       Gregorian calendar
	 *    xtY  Y (full year) in Japanese nengo. Months and days are
	 *                       identical to the Gregorian calendar
	 *
	 * Characters enclosed in double quotes will be considered literal (with
	 * the quotes themselves removed). Unmatched quotes will be considered
	 * literal quotes. Example:
	 *
	 * "The month is" F       => The month is January
	 * i's"                   => 20'11"
	 *
	 * Backslash escaping is also supported.
	 *
	 * Input timestamp is assumed to be pre-normalized to the desired local
	 * time zone, if any.
	 *
	 * @param $format String
	 * @param $ts String: 14-character timestamp
	 *      YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
	 *      01234567890123
	 * @todo emulation of "o" format character for PHP pre 5.1.0
	 * @todo handling of "o" format character for Iranian, Hebrew, Hijri & Thai?
	 */
	function sprintfDate( $format, $ts ) {
		$s = '';
		$raw = false;
		$roman = false;
		$hebrewNum = false;
		$unix = false;
		$rawToggle = false;
		$iranian = false;
		$hebrew = false;
		$hijri = false;
		$thai = false;
		$minguo = false;
		$tenno = false;
		for ( $p = 0; $p < strlen( $format ); $p++ ) {
			$num = false;
			$code = $format[$p];
			if ( $code == 'x' && $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
				$code .= $format[++$p];
			}

			if ( ( $code === 'xi' || $code == 'xj' || $code == 'xk' || $code == 'xm' || $code == 'xo' || $code == 'xt' ) && $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
				$code .= $format[++$p];
			}

			switch ( $code ) {
				case 'xx':
					$s .= 'x';
					break;
				case 'xn':
					$raw = true;
					break;
				case 'xN':
					$rawToggle = !$rawToggle;
					break;
				case 'xr':
					$roman = true;
					break;
				case 'xh':
					$hebrewNum = true;
					break;
				case 'xg':
					$s .= $this->getMonthNameGen( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 'xjx':
					if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
					$s .= $this->getHebrewCalendarMonthNameGen( $hebrew[1] );
					break;
				case 'd':
					$num = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
					break;
				case 'D':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$s .= $this->getWeekdayAbbreviation( gmdate( 'w', $unix ) + 1 );
					break;
				case 'j':
					$num = intval( substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 'xij':
					if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
					$num = $iranian[2];
					break;
				case 'xmj':
					if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
					$num = $hijri[2];
					break;
				case 'xjj':
					if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
					$num = $hebrew[2];
					break;
				case 'l':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$s .= $this->getWeekdayName( gmdate( 'w', $unix ) + 1 );
					break;
				case 'N':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$w = gmdate( 'w', $unix );
					$num = $w ? $w : 7;
					break;
				case 'w':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$num = gmdate( 'w', $unix );
					break;
				case 'z':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$num = gmdate( 'z', $unix );
					break;
				case 'W':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$num = gmdate( 'W', $unix );
					break;
				case 'F':
					$s .= $this->getMonthName( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 'xiF':
					if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
					$s .= $this->getIranianCalendarMonthName( $iranian[1] );
					break;
				case 'xmF':
					if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
					$s .= $this->getHijriCalendarMonthName( $hijri[1] );
					break;
				case 'xjF':
					if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
					$s .= $this->getHebrewCalendarMonthName( $hebrew[1] );
					break;
				case 'm':
					$num = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
					break;
				case 'M':
					$s .= $this->getMonthAbbreviation( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 'n':
					$num = intval( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 'xin':
					if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
					$num = $iranian[1];
					break;
				case 'xmn':
					if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri ( $ts );
					$num = $hijri[1];
					break;
				case 'xjn':
					if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
					$num = $hebrew[1];
					break;
				case 't':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$num = gmdate( 't', $unix );
					break;
				case 'xjt':
					if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
					$num = $hebrew[3];
					break;
				case 'L':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$num = gmdate( 'L', $unix );
					break;
				# 'o' is supported since PHP 5.1.0
				# return literal if not supported
				# TODO: emulation for pre 5.1.0 versions
				case 'o':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					if ( version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.1.0') === 1 )
						$num = date( 'o', $unix );
					else
						$s .= 'o';
					break;
				case 'Y':
					$num = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
					break;
				case 'xiY':
					if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
					$num = $iranian[0];
					break;
				case 'xmY':
					if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
					$num = $hijri[0];
					break;
				case 'xjY':
					if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
					$num = $hebrew[0];
					break;
				case 'xkY':
					if ( !$thai ) $thai = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'thai' );
					$num = $thai[0];
					break;
				case 'xoY':
					if ( !$minguo ) $minguo = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'minguo' );
					$num = $minguo[0];
					break;
				case 'xtY':
					if ( !$tenno ) $tenno = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'tenno' );
					$num = $tenno[0];
					break;
				case 'y':
					$num = substr( $ts, 2, 2 );
					break;
				case 'a':
					$s .= intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ) < 12 ? 'am' : 'pm';
					break;
				case 'A':
					$s .= intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ) < 12 ? 'AM' : 'PM';
					break;
				case 'g':
					$h = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
					$num = $h % 12 ? $h % 12 : 12;
					break;
				case 'G':
					$num = intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 'h':
					$h = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
					$num = sprintf( '%02d', $h % 12 ? $h % 12 : 12 );
					break;
				case 'H':
					$num = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
					break;
				case 'i':
					$num = substr( $ts, 10, 2 );
					break;
				case 's':
					$num = substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
					break;
				case 'c':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$s .= gmdate( 'c', $unix );
					break;
				case 'r':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$s .= gmdate( 'r', $unix );
					break;
				case 'U':
					if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
					$num = $unix;
					break;
				case '\\':
					# Backslash escaping
					if ( $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
						$s .= $format[++$p];
					} else {
						$s .= '\\';
					}
					break;
				case '"':
					# Quoted literal
					if ( $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
						$endQuote = strpos( $format, '"', $p + 1 );
						if ( $endQuote === false ) {
							# No terminating quote, assume literal "
							$s .= '"';
						} else {
							$s .= substr( $format, $p + 1, $endQuote - $p - 1 );
							$p = $endQuote;
						}
					} else {
						# Quote at end of string, assume literal "
						$s .= '"';
					}
					break;
				default:
					$s .= $format[$p];
			}
			if ( $num !== false ) {
				if ( $rawToggle || $raw ) {
					$s .= $num;
					$raw = false;
				} elseif ( $roman ) {
					$s .= self::romanNumeral( $num );
					$roman = false;
				} elseif( $hebrewNum ) {
					$s .= self::hebrewNumeral( $num );
					$hebrewNum = false;
				} else {
					$s .= $this->formatNum( $num, true );
				}
				$num = false;
			}
		}
		return $s;
	}

	private static $GREG_DAYS = array( 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 );
	private static $IRANIAN_DAYS = array( 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 29 );
	/**
	 * Algorithm by Roozbeh Pournader and Mohammad Toossi to convert
	 * Gregorian dates to Iranian dates. Originally written in C, it
	 * is released under the terms of GNU Lesser General Public
	 * License. Conversion to PHP was performed by Niklas Laxström.
	 *
	 * Link: http://www.farsiweb.info/jalali/jalali.c
	 */
	private static function tsToIranian( $ts ) {
		$gy = substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) -1600;
		$gm = substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) -1;
		$gd = substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) -1;

		# Days passed from the beginning (including leap years)
		$gDayNo = 365*$gy
			+ floor(($gy+3) / 4)
			- floor(($gy+99) / 100)
			+ floor(($gy+399) / 400);


		// Add days of the past months of this year
		for( $i = 0; $i < $gm; $i++ ) {
			$gDayNo += self::$GREG_DAYS[$i];
		}

		// Leap years
		if ( $gm > 1 && (($gy%4===0 && $gy%100!==0 || ($gy%400==0)))) {
			$gDayNo++;
		}

		// Days passed in current month
		$gDayNo += $gd;

		$jDayNo = $gDayNo - 79;

		$jNp = floor($jDayNo / 12053);
		$jDayNo %= 12053;

		$jy = 979 + 33*$jNp + 4*floor($jDayNo/1461);
		$jDayNo %= 1461;

		if ( $jDayNo >= 366 ) {
			$jy += floor(($jDayNo-1)/365);
			$jDayNo = floor(($jDayNo-1)%365);
		}

		for ( $i = 0; $i < 11 && $jDayNo >= self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$i]; $i++ ) {
			$jDayNo -= self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$i];
		}

		$jm= $i+1;
		$jd= $jDayNo+1;

		return array($jy, $jm, $jd);
	}
	/**
	 * Converting Gregorian dates to Hijri dates.
	 *
	 * Based on a PHP-Nuke block by Sharjeel which is released under GNU/GPL license
	 *
	 * @link http://phpnuke.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=8234&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0
	 */
	private static function tsToHijri ( $ts ) {
		$year = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
		$month = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
		$day = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );

		$zyr = $year;
		$zd=$day;
		$zm=$month;
		$zy=$zyr;



		if (($zy>1582)||(($zy==1582)&&($zm>10))||(($zy==1582)&&($zm==10)&&($zd>14)))
			{


				    $zjd=(int)((1461*($zy + 4800 + (int)( ($zm-14) /12) ))/4) + (int)((367*($zm-2-12*((int)(($zm-14)/12))))/12)-(int)((3*(int)(( ($zy+4900+(int)(($zm-14)/12))/100)))/4)+$zd-32075;
				    }
		 else
			{
				    $zjd = 367*$zy-(int)((7*($zy+5001+(int)(($zm-9)/7)))/4)+(int)((275*$zm)/9)+$zd+1729777;
			}

		$zl=$zjd-1948440+10632;
		$zn=(int)(($zl-1)/10631);
		$zl=$zl-10631*$zn+354;
		$zj=((int)((10985-$zl)/5316))*((int)((50*$zl)/17719))+((int)($zl/5670))*((int)((43*$zl)/15238));
		$zl=$zl-((int)((30-$zj)/15))*((int)((17719*$zj)/50))-((int)($zj/16))*((int)((15238*$zj)/43))+29;
		$zm=(int)((24*$zl)/709);
		$zd=$zl-(int)((709*$zm)/24);
		$zy=30*$zn+$zj-30;

		return array ($zy, $zm, $zd);
	}

	/**
	 * Converting Gregorian dates to Hebrew dates.
	 *
	 * Based on a JavaScript code by Abu Mami and Yisrael Hersch
	 * (abu-mami@kaluach.net, http://www.kaluach.net), who permitted
	 * to translate the relevant functions into PHP and release them under
	 * GNU GPL.
	 *
	 * The months are counted from Tishrei = 1. In a leap year, Adar I is 13
	 * and Adar II is 14. In a non-leap year, Adar is 6.
	 */
	private static function tsToHebrew( $ts ) {
		# Parse date
		$year = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
		$month = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
		$day = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );

		# Calculate Hebrew year
		$hebrewYear = $year + 3760;

		# Month number when September = 1, August = 12
		$month += 4;
		if( $month > 12 ) {
			# Next year
			$month -= 12;
			$year++;
			$hebrewYear++;
		}

		# Calculate day of year from 1 September
		$dayOfYear = $day;
		for( $i = 1; $i < $month; $i++ ) {
			if( $i == 6 ) {
				# February
				$dayOfYear += 28;
				# Check if the year is leap
				if( $year % 400 == 0 || ( $year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 > 0 ) ) {
					$dayOfYear++;
				}
			} elseif( $i == 8 || $i == 10 || $i == 1 || $i == 3 ) {
				$dayOfYear += 30;
			} else {
				$dayOfYear += 31;
			}
		}

		# Calculate the start of the Hebrew year
		$start = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear );

		# Calculate next year's start
		if( $dayOfYear <= $start ) {
			# Day is before the start of the year - it is the previous year
			# Next year's start
			$nextStart = $start;
			# Previous year
			$year--;
			$hebrewYear--;
			# Add days since previous year's 1 September
			$dayOfYear += 365;
			if( ( $year % 400 == 0 ) || ( $year % 100 != 0 && $year % 4 == 0 ) ) {
				# Leap year
				$dayOfYear++;
			}
			# Start of the new (previous) year
			$start = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear );
		} else {
			# Next year's start
			$nextStart = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear + 1 );
		}

		# Calculate Hebrew day of year
		$hebrewDayOfYear = $dayOfYear - $start;

		# Difference between year's days
		$diff = $nextStart - $start;
		# Add 12 (or 13 for leap years) days to ignore the difference between
		# Hebrew and Gregorian year (353 at least vs. 365/6) - now the
		# difference is only about the year type
		if( ( $year % 400 == 0 ) || ( $year % 100 != 0 && $year % 4 == 0 ) ) {
			$diff += 13;
		} else {
			$diff += 12;
		}

		# Check the year pattern, and is leap year
		# 0 means an incomplete year, 1 means a regular year, 2 means a complete year
		# This is mod 30, to work on both leap years (which add 30 days of Adar I)
		# and non-leap years
		$yearPattern = $diff % 30;
		# Check if leap year
		$isLeap = $diff >= 30;

		# Calculate day in the month from number of day in the Hebrew year
		# Don't check Adar - if the day is not in Adar, we will stop before;
		# if it is in Adar, we will use it to check if it is Adar I or Adar II
		$hebrewDay = $hebrewDayOfYear;
		$hebrewMonth = 1;
		$days = 0;
		while( $hebrewMonth <= 12 ) {
			# Calculate days in this month
			if( $isLeap && $hebrewMonth == 6 ) {
				# Adar in a leap year
				if( $isLeap ) {
					# Leap year - has Adar I, with 30 days, and Adar II, with 29 days
					$days = 30;
					if( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
						# Day in Adar I
						$hebrewMonth = 13;
					} else {
						# Subtract the days of Adar I
						$hebrewDay -= $days;
						# Try Adar II
						$days = 29;
						if( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
							# Day in Adar II
							$hebrewMonth = 14;
						}
					}
				}
			} elseif( $hebrewMonth == 2 && $yearPattern == 2 ) {
				# Cheshvan in a complete year (otherwise as the rule below)
				$days = 30;
			} elseif( $hebrewMonth == 3 && $yearPattern == 0 ) {
				# Kislev in an incomplete year (otherwise as the rule below)
				$days = 29;
			} else {
				# Odd months have 30 days, even have 29
				$days = 30 - ( $hebrewMonth - 1 ) % 2;
			}
			if( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
				# In the current month
				break;
			} else {
				# Subtract the days of the current month
				$hebrewDay -= $days;
				# Try in the next month
				$hebrewMonth++;
			}
		}

		return array( $hebrewYear, $hebrewMonth, $hebrewDay, $days );
	}

	/**
	 * This calculates the Hebrew year start, as days since 1 September.
	 * Based on Carl Friedrich Gauss algorithm for finding Easter date.
	 * Used for Hebrew date.
	 */
	private static function hebrewYearStart( $year ) {
		$a = intval( ( 12 * ( $year - 1 ) + 17 ) % 19 );
		$b = intval( ( $year - 1 ) % 4 );
		$m = 32.044093161144 + 1.5542417966212 * $a +  $b / 4.0 - 0.0031777940220923 * ( $year - 1 );
		if( $m < 0 ) {
			$m--;
		}
		$Mar = intval( $m );
		if( $m < 0 ) {
			$m++;
		}
		$m -= $Mar;

		$c = intval( ( $Mar + 3 * ( $year - 1 ) + 5 * $b + 5 ) % 7);
		if( $c == 0 && $a > 11 && $m >= 0.89772376543210 ) {
			$Mar++;
		} else if( $c == 1 && $a > 6 && $m >= 0.63287037037037 ) {
			$Mar += 2;
		} else if( $c == 2 || $c == 4 || $c == 6 ) {
			$Mar++;
		}

		$Mar += intval( ( $year - 3761 ) / 100 ) - intval( ( $year - 3761 ) / 400 ) - 24;
		return $Mar;
	}

	/**
	 * Algorithm to convert Gregorian dates to Thai solar dates,
	 * Minguo dates or Minguo dates.
	 *
	 * Link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar
	 *       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minguo_calendar
	 *       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_era_name
	 *
	 * @param $ts String: 14-character timestamp, calender name
	 * @return array converted year, month, day
	 */
	private static function tsToYear( $ts, $cName ) {
		$gy = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
		$gm = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
		$gd = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );

		if (!strcmp($cName,'thai')) {
			# Thai solar dates
			# Add 543 years to the Gregorian calendar
			# Months and days are identical
			$gy_offset = $gy + 543;
		} else if ((!strcmp($cName,'minguo')) || !strcmp($cName,'juche')) {
			# Minguo dates
			# Deduct 1911 years from the Gregorian calendar
			# Months and days are identical
			$gy_offset = $gy - 1911;
		} else if (!strcmp($cName,'tenno')) {
			# Neng? dates up to Meiji period
			# Deduct years from the Gregorian calendar
			# depending on the nengo periods
			# Months and days are identical
			if (($gy < 1912) || (($gy == 1912) && ($gm < 7)) || (($gy == 1912) && ($gm == 7) && ($gd < 31))) {
				# Meiji period
				$gy_gannen = $gy - 1868 + 1;
				$gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
				if ($gy_gannen == 1)
					$gy_offset = '?';
				$gy_offset = '??'.$gy_offset;
			} else if ((($gy == 1912) && ($gm == 7) && ($gd == 31)) || (($gy == 1912) && ($gm >= 8)) || (($gy > 1912) && ($gy < 1926)) || (($gy == 1926) && ($gm < 12)) || (($gy == 1926) && ($gm == 12) && ($gd < 26))) {
				# Taish? period
				$gy_gannen = $gy - 1912 + 1;
				$gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
				if ($gy_gannen == 1)
					$gy_offset = '?';
				$gy_offset = '??'.$gy_offset;
			} else if ((($gy == 1926) && ($gm == 12) && ($gd >= 26)) || (($gy > 1926) && ($gy < 1989)) || (($gy == 1989) && ($gm == 1) && ($gd < 8))) {
				# Sh?wa period
				$gy_gannen = $gy - 1926 + 1;
				$gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
				if ($gy_gannen == 1)
					$gy_offset = '?';
				$gy_offset = '??'.$gy_offset;
			} else {
				# Heisei period
				$gy_gannen = $gy - 1989 + 1;
				$gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
				if ($gy_gannen == 1)
					$gy_offset = '?';
				$gy_offset = '??'.$gy_offset;
			}
		} else {
			$gy_offset = $gy;
		}

		return array( $gy_offset, $gm, $gd );
	}

	/**
	 * Roman number formatting up to 3000
	 */
	static function romanNumeral( $num ) {
		static $table = array(
			array( '', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX', 'X' ),
			array( '', 'X', 'XX', 'XXX', 'XL', 'L', 'LX', 'LXX', 'LXXX', 'XC', 'C' ),
			array( '', 'C', 'CC', 'CCC', 'CD', 'D', 'DC', 'DCC', 'DCCC', 'CM', 'M' ),
			array( '', 'M', 'MM', 'MMM' )
		);

		$num = intval( $num );
		if ( $num > 3000 || $num <= 0 ) {
			return $num;
		}

		$s = '';
		for ( $pow10 = 1000, $i = 3; $i >= 0; $pow10 /= 10, $i-- ) {
			if ( $num >= $pow10 ) {
				$s .= $table[$i][floor($num / $pow10)];
			}
			$num = $num % $pow10;
		}
		return $s;
	}

 	/**
	 * Hebrew Gematria number formatting up to 9999
	 */
	static function hebrewNumeral( $num ) {
		static $table = array(
			array( '', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?' ),
			array( '', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?' ),
			array( '', '?', '?', '?', '?', '??', '??', '??', '??', '???', '???' ),
			array( '', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?', '?' )
		);

		$num = intval( $num );
		if ( $num > 9999 || $num <= 0 ) {
			return $num;
		}

		$s = '';
		for ( $pow10 = 1000, $i = 3; $i >= 0; $pow10 /= 10, $i-- ) {
			if ( $num >= $pow10 ) {
				if ( $num == 15 || $num == 16 ) {
					$s .= $table[0][9] . $table[0][$num - 9];
					$num = 0;
				} else {
					$s .= $table[$i][intval( ( $num / $pow10 ) )];
					if( $pow10 == 1000 ) {
						$s .= "'";
					}
				}
			}
			$num = $num % $pow10;
		}
		if( strlen( $s ) == 2 ) {
			$str = $s . "'";
		} else  {
			$str = substr( $s, 0, strlen( $s ) - 2 ) . '"';
			$str .= substr( $s, strlen( $s ) - 2, 2 );
		}
		$start = substr( $str, 0, strlen( $str ) - 2 );
		$end = substr( $str, strlen( $str ) - 2 );
		switch( $end ) {
			case '?':
				$str = $start . '?';
				break;
			case '?':
				$str = $start . '?';
				break;
			case '?':
				$str = $start . '?';
				break;
			case '?':
				$str = $start . '?';
				break;
			case '?':
				$str = $start . '?';
				break;
		}
		return $str;
	}

	/**
	 * This is meant to be used by time(), date(), and timeanddate() to get
	 * the date preference they're supposed to use, it should be used in
	 * all children.
	 *
	 *<code>
	 * function timeanddate([...], $format = true) {
	 * 	$datePreference = $this->dateFormat($format);
	 * [...]
	 * }
	 *</code>
	 *
	 * @param $usePrefs Mixed: if true, the user's preference is used
	 *                         if false, the site/language default is used
	 *                         if int/string, assumed to be a format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function dateFormat( $usePrefs = true ) {
		global $wgUser;

		if( is_bool( $usePrefs ) ) {
			if( $usePrefs ) {
				$datePreference = $wgUser->getDatePreference();
			} else {
				$options = User::getDefaultOptions();
				$datePreference = (string)$options['date'];
			}
		} else {
			$datePreference = (string)$usePrefs;
		}

		// return int
		if( $datePreference == '' ) {
			return 'default';
		}

		return $datePreference;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a format string for a given type and preference
	 * @param $type May be date, time or both
	 * @param $pref The format name as it appears in Messages*.php
	 */
	function getDateFormatString( $type, $pref ) {
		if ( !isset( $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref] ) ) {
			if ( $pref == 'default' ) {
				$pref = $this->getDefaultDateFormat();
				$df = self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
			} else {
				$df = self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
				if ( is_null( $df ) ) {
					$pref = $this->getDefaultDateFormat();
					$df = self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
				}
			}
			$this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref] = $df;
		}
		return $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref];
	}

	/**
	 * @param $ts Mixed: the time format which needs to be turned into a
	 *            date('YmdHis') format with wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts)
	 * @param $adj Bool: whether to adjust the time output according to the
	 *             user configured offset ($timecorrection)
	 * @param $format Mixed: true to use user's date format preference
	 * @param $timecorrection String: the time offset as returned by
	 *                        validateTimeZone() in Special:Preferences
	 * @return string
	 */
	function date( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
		if ( $adj ) {
			$ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection );
		}
		$df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'date', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
		return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
	}

	/**
	 * @param $ts Mixed: the time format which needs to be turned into a
	 *            date('YmdHis') format with wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts)
	 * @param $adj Bool: whether to adjust the time output according to the
	 *             user configured offset ($timecorrection)
	 * @param $format Mixed: true to use user's date format preference
	 * @param $timecorrection String: the time offset as returned by
	 *                        validateTimeZone() in Special:Preferences
	 * @return string
	 */
	function time( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
		if ( $adj ) {
			$ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection );
		}
		$df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'time', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
		return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
	}

	/**
	 * @param $ts Mixed: the time format which needs to be turned into a
	 *            date('YmdHis') format with wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts)
	 * @param $adj Bool: whether to adjust the time output according to the
	 *             user configured offset ($timecorrection)
	 * @param $format Mixed: what format to return, if it's false output the
	 *                default one (default true)
	 * @param $timecorrection String: the time offset as returned by
	 *                        validateTimeZone() in Special:Preferences
	 * @return string
	 */
	function timeanddate( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false) {
		$ts = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
		if ( $adj ) {
			$ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection );
		}
		$df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'both', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
		return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
	}

	function getMessage( $key ) {
		return self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'messages', $key );
	}

	function getAllMessages() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'messages' );
	}

	function iconv( $in, $out, $string ) {
		# This is a wrapper for iconv in all languages except esperanto,
		# which does some nasty x-conversions beforehand

		# Even with //IGNORE iconv can whine about illegal characters in
		# *input* string. We just ignore those too.
		# REF: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37166
		# REF: https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16885
		wfSuppressWarnings();
		$text = iconv( $in, $out . '//IGNORE', $string );
		wfRestoreWarnings();
		return $text;
	}

	// callback functions for uc(), lc(), ucwords(), ucwordbreaks()
	function ucwordbreaksCallbackAscii($matches){
		return $this->ucfirst($matches[1]);
	}

	function ucwordbreaksCallbackMB($matches){
		return mb_strtoupper($matches[0]);
	}

	function ucCallback($matches){
		list( $wikiUpperChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
		return strtr( $matches[1], $wikiUpperChars );
	}

	function lcCallback($matches){
		list( , $wikiLowerChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
		return strtr( $matches[1], $wikiLowerChars );
	}

	function ucwordsCallbackMB($matches){
		return mb_strtoupper($matches[0]);
	}

	function ucwordsCallbackWiki($matches){
		list( $wikiUpperChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
		return strtr( $matches[0], $wikiUpperChars );
	}

	function ucfirst( $str ) {
		$o = ord( $str );
		if ( $o < 96 ) {
			return $str;
		} elseif ( $o < 128 ) {
			return ucfirst($str);
		} else {
			// fall back to more complex logic in case of multibyte strings
			return self::uc($str,true);
		}
	}

	function uc( $str, $first = false ) {
		if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) ) {
			if ( $first ) {
				if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
					return mb_strtoupper( mb_substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . mb_substr( $str, 1 );
				} else {
					return ucfirst( $str );
				}
			} else {
				return self::isMultibyte( $str ) ? mb_strtoupper( $str ) : strtoupper( $str );
			}
		} else {
			if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
				list( $wikiUpperChars ) = $this->getCaseMaps();
				$x = $first ? '^' : '';
				return preg_replace_callback(
					"/$x([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/",
					array($this,"ucCallback"),
					$str
				);
			} else {
				return $first ? ucfirst( $str ) : strtoupper( $str );
			}
		}
	}

	function lcfirst( $str ) {
		$o = ord( $str );
		if ( !$o ) {
			return strval( $str );
		} elseif ( $o >= 128 ) {
			return self::lc( $str, true );
		} elseif ( $o > 96 ) {
			return $str;
		} else {
			$str[0] = strtolower( $str[0] );
			return $str;
		}
	}

	function lc( $str, $first = false ) {
		if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtolower' ) )
			if ( $first )
				if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) )
					return mb_strtolower( mb_substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . mb_substr( $str, 1 );
				else
					return strtolower( substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . substr( $str, 1 );
			else
				return self::isMultibyte( $str ) ? mb_strtolower( $str ) : strtolower( $str );
		else
			if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
				list( , $wikiLowerChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
				$x = $first ? '^' : '';
				return preg_replace_callback(
					"/$x([A-Z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/",
					array($this,"lcCallback"),
					$str
				);
			} else
				return $first ? strtolower( substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . substr( $str, 1 ) : strtolower( $str );
	}

	function isMultibyte( $str ) {
		return (bool)preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $str );
	}

	function ucwords($str) {
		if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
			$str = self::lc($str);

			// regexp to find first letter in each word (i.e. after each space)
			$replaceRegexp = "/^([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)| ([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/";

			// function to use to capitalize a single char
			if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) )
				return preg_replace_callback(
					$replaceRegexp,
					array($this,"ucwordsCallbackMB"),
					$str
				);
			else
				return preg_replace_callback(
					$replaceRegexp,
					array($this,"ucwordsCallbackWiki"),
					$str
				);
		}
		else
			return ucwords( strtolower( $str ) );
	}

  # capitalize words at word breaks
	function ucwordbreaks($str){
		if (self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
			$str = self::lc($str);

			// since \b doesn't work for UTF-8, we explicitely define word break chars
			$breaks= "[ \-\(\)\}\{\.,\?!]";

			// find first letter after word break
			$replaceRegexp = "/^([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)|$breaks([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/";

			if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) )
				return preg_replace_callback(
					$replaceRegexp,
					array($this,"ucwordbreaksCallbackMB"),
					$str
				);
			else
				return preg_replace_callback(
					$replaceRegexp,
					array($this,"ucwordsCallbackWiki"),
					$str
				);
		}
		else
			return preg_replace_callback(
			'/\b([\w\x80-\xff]+)\b/',
			array($this,"ucwordbreaksCallbackAscii"),
			$str );
	}

	/**
	 * Return a case-folded representation of $s
	 *
	 * This is a representation such that caseFold($s1)==caseFold($s2) if $s1
	 * and $s2 are the same except for the case of their characters. It is not
	 * necessary for the value returned to make sense when displayed.
	 *
	 * Do *not* perform any other normalisation in this function. If a caller
	 * uses this function when it should be using a more general normalisation
	 * function, then fix the caller.
	 */
	function caseFold( $s ) {
		return $this->uc( $s );
	}

	function checkTitleEncoding( $s ) {
		if( is_array( $s ) ) {
			wfDebugDieBacktrace( 'Given array to checkTitleEncoding.' );
		}
		# Check for non-UTF-8 URLs
		$ishigh = preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $s);
		if(!$ishigh) return $s;

		$isutf8 = preg_match( '/^([\x00-\x7f]|[\xc0-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]|' .
                '[\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2}|[\xf0-\xf7][\x80-\xbf]{3})+$/', $s );
		if( $isutf8 ) return $s;

		return $this->iconv( $this->fallback8bitEncoding(), "utf-8", $s );
	}

	function fallback8bitEncoding() {
		return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'fallback8bitEncoding' );
	}

	/**
	 * Most writing systems use whitespace to break up words.
	 * Some languages such as Chinese don't conventionally do this,
	 * which requires special handling when breaking up words for
	 * searching etc.
	 */
	function hasWordBreaks() {
		return true;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Some languages such as Chinese require word segmentation,
	 * Specify such segmentation when overridden in derived class.
	 * 
	 * @param $string String
	 * @return String
	 */
	function wordSegmentation( $string ) {
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * Some languages have special punctuation need to be normalized.
	 * Make suc…