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 * The MIT License
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2010, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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package hudson.cli;

import hudson.AbortException;
import hudson.Extension;
import hudson.ExtensionList;
import hudson.ExtensionPoint;
import hudson.cli.declarative.CLIMethod;
import hudson.ExtensionPoint.LegacyInstancesAreScopedToHudson;
import hudson.cli.declarative.OptionHandlerExtension;
import hudson.model.Hudson;
import hudson.remoting.Callable;
import hudson.remoting.Channel;
import hudson.remoting.ChannelProperty;
import hudson.security.CliAuthenticator;
import hudson.security.SecurityRealm;
import org.acegisecurity.Authentication;
import org.acegisecurity.context.SecurityContext;
import org.acegisecurity.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.jvnet.hudson.annotation_indexer.Index;
import org.jvnet.tiger_types.Types;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.ClassParser;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineException;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.CmdLineParser;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.spi.OptionHandler;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Base class for Hudson CLI.
 *
 * <h2>How does a CLI command work</h2>
 * <p>
 * The users starts {@linkplain CLI the "CLI agent"} on a remote system, by specifying arguments, like
 * <tt>"java -jar hudson-cli.jar command arg1 arg2 arg3"</tt>. The CLI agent creates
 * a remoting channel with the server, and it sends the entire arguments to the server, along with
 * the remoted stdin/out/err.
 *
 * <p>
 * The Hudson master then picks the right {@link CLICommand} to execute, clone it, and
 * calls {@link #main(List, Locale, InputStream, PrintStream, PrintStream)} method.
 *
 * <h2>Note for CLI command implementor</h2>
 * Start with <a href="http://wiki.hudson-ci.org/display/HUDSON/Writing+CLI+commands">this document</a>
 * to get the general idea of CLI.
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>
 * Put {@link Extension} on your implementation to have it discovered by Hudson.
 *
 * <li>
 * Use <a href="http://java.net/projects/args4j/">args4j</a> annotation on your implementation to define
 * options and arguments (however, if you don't like that, you could override
 * the {@link #main(List, Locale, InputStream, PrintStream, PrintStream)} method directly.
 *
 * <li>
 * stdin, stdout, stderr are remoted, so proper buffering is necessary for good user experience.
 *
 * <li>
 * Send {@link Callable} to a CLI agent by using {@link #channel} to get local interaction,
 * such as uploading a file, asking for a password, etc.
 *
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Kohsuke Kawaguchi
 * @since 1.302
 * @see CLIMethod
 */
@LegacyInstancesAreScopedToHudson
public abstract class CLICommand implements ExtensionPoint, Cloneable {
    /**
     * Connected to stdout and stderr of the CLI agent that initiated the session.
     * IOW, if you write to these streams, the person who launched the CLI command
     * will see the messages in his terminal.
     *
     * <p>
     * (In contrast, calling {@code System.out.println(...)} would print out
     * the message to the server log file, which is probably not what you want.
     */
    public transient PrintStream stdout,stderr;

    /**
     * Connected to stdin of the CLI agent.
     *
     * <p>
     * This input stream is buffered to hide the latency in the remoting.
     */
    public transient InputStream stdin;

    /**
     * {@link Channel} that represents the CLI JVM. You can use this to
     * execute {@link Callable} on the CLI JVM, among other things.
     */
    public transient Channel channel;

    /**
     * The locale of the client. Messages should be formatted with this resource.
     */
    public transient Locale locale;


    /**
     * Gets the command name.
     *
     * <p>
     * For example, if the CLI is invoked as <tt>java -jar cli.jar foo arg1 arg2 arg4</tt>,
     * on the server side {@link CLICommand} that returns "foo" from {@link #getName()}
     * will be invoked.
     *
     * <p>
     * By default, this method creates "foo-bar-zot" from "FooBarZotCommand".
     */
    public String getName() {
        String name = getClass().getName();
        name = name.substring(name.lastIndexOf('.')+1); // short name
        name = name.substring(name.lastIndexOf('$')+1);
        if(name.endsWith("Command"))
            name = name.substring(0,name.length()-7); // trim off the command

        // convert "FooBarZot" into "foo-bar-zot"
        // Locale is fixed so that "CreateInstance" always become "create-instance" no matter where this is run.
        return name.replaceAll("([a-z0-9])([A-Z])","$1-$2").toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the quick summary of what this command does.
     * Used by the help command to generate the list of commands.
     */
    public abstract String getShortDescription();

    public int main(List<String> args, Locale locale, InputStream stdin, PrintStream stdout, PrintStream stderr) {
        this.stdin = new BufferedInputStream(stdin);
        this.stdout = stdout;
        this.stderr = stderr;
        this.locale = locale;
        this.channel = Channel.current();
        registerOptionHandlers();
        CmdLineParser p = new CmdLineParser(this);

        // add options from the authenticator
        SecurityContext sc = SecurityContextHolder.getContext();
        Authentication old = sc.getAuthentication();

        CliAuthenticator authenticator = Hudson.getInstance().getSecurityRealm().createCliAuthenticator(this);
        new ClassParser().parse(authenticator,p);

        try {
            p.parseArgument(args.toArray(new String[args.size()]));
            Authentication auth = authenticator.authenticate();
            if (auth==Hudson.ANONYMOUS)
                auth = loadStoredAuthentication();
            sc.setAuthentication(auth); // run the CLI with the right credential
            if (!(this instanceof LoginCommand || this instanceof HelpCommand))
                Hudson.getInstance().checkPermission(Hudson.READ);
            return run();
        } catch (CmdLineException e) {
            stderr.println(e.getMessage());
            printUsage(stderr, p);
            return -1;
        } catch (AbortException e) {
            // signals an error without stack trace
            stderr.println(e.getMessage());
            return -1;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(stderr);
            return -1;
        } finally {
            sc.setAuthentication(old); // restore
        }
    }

    /**
     * Loads the persisted authentication information from {@link ClientAuthenticationCache}.
     */
    protected Authentication loadStoredAuthentication() throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            return new ClientAuthenticationCache(channel).get();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            stderr.println("Failed to access the stored credential");
            e.printStackTrace(stderr);  // recover
            return Hudson.ANONYMOUS;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the user authentication is attempted through CLI before running this command.
     *
     * <p>
     * If your command doesn't require any authentication whatsoever, and if you don't even want to let the user
     * authenticate, then override this method to always return false &mdash; doing so will result in all the commands
     * running as anonymous user credential.
     *
     * <p>
     * Note that even if this method returns true, the user can still skip aut 
     *
     * @param auth
     *      Always non-null.
     *      If the underlying transport had already performed authentication, this object is something other than
     *      {@link Hudson#ANONYMOUS}.
     */
    protected boolean shouldPerformAuthentication(Authentication auth) {
        return auth==Hudson.ANONYMOUS;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identity of the client as determined at the CLI transport level.
     *
     * <p>
     * When the CLI connection to the server is tunneled over HTTP, that HTTP connection
     * can authenticate the client, just like any other HTTP connections to the server
     * can authenticate the client. This method returns that information, if one is available.
     * By generalizing it, this method returns the identity obtained at the transport-level authentication.
     *
     * <p>
     * For example, imagine if the current {@link SecurityRealm} is doing Kerberos authentication,
     * then this method can return a valid identity of the client.
     *
     * <p>
     * If the transport doesn't do authentication, this method returns {@link Hudson#ANONYMOUS}.
     */
    public Authentication getTransportAuthentication() {
        Authentication a = channel.getProperty(TRANSPORT_AUTHENTICATION);
        if (a==null)    a = Hudson.ANONYMOUS;
        return a;
    }

    /**
     * Executes the command, and return the exit code.
     *
     * @return
     *      0 to indicate a success, otherwise an error code.
     * @throws AbortException
     *      If the processing should be aborted. Hudson will report the error message
     *      without stack trace, and then exits this command.
     * @throws Exception
     *      All the other exceptions cause the stack trace to be dumped, and then
     *      the command exits with an error code.
     */
    protected abstract int run() throws Exception;

    protected void printUsage(PrintStream stderr, CmdLineParser p) {
        stderr.println("java -jar hudson-cli.jar "+getName()+" args...");
        printUsageSummary(stderr);
        p.printUsage(stderr);
    }

    /**
     * Called while producing usage. This is a good method to override
     * to render the general description of the command that goes beyond
     * a single-line summary. 
     */
    protected void printUsageSummary(PrintStream stderr) {
        stderr.println(getShortDescription());
    }

    /**
     * Convenience method for subtypes to obtain the system property of the client.
     */
    protected String getClientSystemProperty(String name) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        return channel.call(new GetSystemProperty(name));
    }

    private static final class GetSystemProperty implements Callable<String, IOException> {
        private final String name;

        private GetSystemProperty(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public String call() throws IOException {
            return System.getProperty(name);
        }

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    }

    /**
     * Convenience method for subtypes to obtain environment variables of the client.
     */
    protected String getClientEnvironmentVariable(String name) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        return channel.call(new GetEnvironmentVariable(name));
    }

    private static final class GetEnvironmentVariable implements Callable<String, IOException> {
        private final String name;

        private GetEnvironmentVariable(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public String call() throws IOException {
            return System.getenv(name);
        }

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a clone to be used to execute a command.
     */
    protected CLICommand createClone() {
        try {
            return getClass().newInstance();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Auto-discovers {@link OptionHandler}s and add them to the given command line parser.
     */
    protected void registerOptionHandlers() {
        try {
            for (Class c : Index.list(OptionHandlerExtension.class,Hudson.getInstance().pluginManager.uberClassLoader,Class.class)) {
                Type t = Types.getBaseClass(c, OptionHandler.class);
                CmdLineParser.registerHandler(Types.erasure(Types.getTypeArgument(t,0)), c);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns all the registered {@link CLICommand}s.
     */
    public static ExtensionList<CLICommand> all() {
        return Hudson.getInstance().getExtensionList(CLICommand.class);
    }

    /**
     * Obtains a copy of the command for invocation.
     */
    public static CLICommand clone(String name) {
        for (CLICommand cmd : all())
            if(name.equals(cmd.getName()))
                return cmd.createClone();
        return null;
    }

    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(CLICommand.class.getName());

    /**
     * Key for {@link Channel#getProperty(Object)} that links to the {@link Authentication} object
     * which captures the identity of the client given by the transport layer.
     */
    public static final ChannelProperty<Authentication> TRANSPORT_AUTHENTICATION = new ChannelProperty<Authentication>(Authentication.class,"transportAuthentication");

    private static final ThreadLocal<CLICommand> CURRENT_COMMAND = new ThreadLocal<CLICommand>();

    /*package*/ static CLICommand setCurrent(CLICommand cmd) {
        CLICommand old = getCurrent();
        CURRENT_COMMAND.set(cmd);
        return old;
    }

    /**
     * If the calling thread is in the middle of executing a CLI command, return it. Otherwise null.
     */
    public static CLICommand getCurrent() {
        return CURRENT_COMMAND.get();
    }
}