/* POSIX module implementation */

/* This file is also used for Windows NT/MS-Win and OS/2.  In that case the
   module actually calls itself 'nt' or 'os2', not 'posix', and a few
   functions are either unimplemented or implemented differently.  The source
   assumes that for Windows NT, the macro 'MS_WINDOWS' is defined independent
   of the compiler used.  Different compilers define their own feature
   test macro, e.g. '__BORLANDC__' or '_MSC_VER'.  For OS/2, the compiler
   independent macro PYOS_OS2 should be defined.  On OS/2 the default
   compiler is assumed to be IBM's VisualAge C++ (VACPP).  PYCC_GCC is used
   as the compiler specific macro for the EMX port of gcc to OS/2. */

/* See also ../Dos/dosmodule.c */

#ifdef __APPLE__
   /*
    * Step 1 of support for weak-linking a number of symbols existing on 
    * OSX 10.4 and later, see the comment in the #ifdef __APPLE__ block
    * at the end of this file for more information.
    */
#  pragma weak lchown
#  pragma weak statvfs
#  pragma weak fstatvfs

#endif /* __APPLE__ */

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN

#include "Python.h"
#include "structseq.h"

#if defined(__VMS)
#    include <unixio.h>
#endif /* defined(__VMS) */

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

PyDoc_STRVAR(posix__doc__,
"This module provides access to operating system functionality that is\n\
standardized by the C Standard and the POSIX standard (a thinly\n\
disguised Unix interface).  Refer to the library manual and\n\
corresponding Unix manual entries for more information on calls.");

#ifndef Py_USING_UNICODE
/* This is used in signatures of functions. */
#define Py_UNICODE void
#endif

#if defined(PYOS_OS2)
#define  INCL_DOS
#define  INCL_DOSERRORS
#define  INCL_DOSPROCESS
#define  INCL_NOPMAPI
#include <os2.h>
#if defined(PYCC_GCC)
#include <ctype.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <process.h>
#endif
#include "osdefs.h"
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_STAT_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
#include <sys/wait.h>		/* For WNOHANG */
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#include <signal.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif /* HAVE_FCNTL_H */

#ifdef HAVE_GRP_H
#include <grp.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYSEXITS_H
#include <sysexits.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYSEXITS_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_LOADAVG_H
#include <sys/loadavg.h>
#endif

/* Various compilers have only certain posix functions */
/* XXX Gosh I wish these were all moved into pyconfig.h */
#if defined(PYCC_VACPP) && defined(PYOS_OS2)
#include <process.h>
#else
#if defined(__WATCOMC__) && !defined(__QNX__)		/* Watcom compiler */
#define HAVE_GETCWD     1
#define HAVE_OPENDIR    1
#define HAVE_SYSTEM	1
#if defined(__OS2__)
#define HAVE_EXECV      1
#define HAVE_WAIT       1
#endif
#include <process.h>
#else
#ifdef __BORLANDC__		/* Borland compiler */
#define HAVE_EXECV      1
#define HAVE_GETCWD     1
#define HAVE_OPENDIR    1
#define HAVE_PIPE       1
#define HAVE_POPEN      1
#define HAVE_SYSTEM	1
#define HAVE_WAIT       1
#else
#ifdef _MSC_VER		/* Microsoft compiler */
#define HAVE_GETCWD     1
#define HAVE_SPAWNV	1
#define HAVE_EXECV      1
#define HAVE_PIPE       1
#define HAVE_POPEN      1
#define HAVE_SYSTEM	1
#define HAVE_CWAIT	1
#define HAVE_FSYNC	1
#define fsync _commit
#else
#if defined(PYOS_OS2) && defined(PYCC_GCC) || defined(__VMS)
/* Everything needed is defined in PC/os2emx/pyconfig.h or vms/pyconfig.h */
#else			/* all other compilers */
/* Unix functions that the configure script doesn't check for */
#define HAVE_EXECV      1
#define HAVE_FORK       1
#if defined(__USLC__) && defined(__SCO_VERSION__)	/* SCO UDK Compiler */
#define HAVE_FORK1      1
#endif
#define HAVE_GETCWD     1
#define HAVE_GETEGID    1
#define HAVE_GETEUID    1
#define HAVE_GETGID     1
#define HAVE_GETPPID    1
#define HAVE_GETUID     1
#define HAVE_KILL       1
#define HAVE_OPENDIR    1
#define HAVE_PIPE       1
#ifndef __rtems__
#define HAVE_POPEN      1
#endif
#define HAVE_SYSTEM	1
#define HAVE_WAIT       1
#define HAVE_TTYNAME	1
#endif  /* PYOS_OS2 && PYCC_GCC && __VMS */
#endif  /* _MSC_VER */
#endif  /* __BORLANDC__ */
#endif  /* ! __WATCOMC__ || __QNX__ */
#endif /* ! __IBMC__ */

#ifndef _MSC_VER

#if defined(__sgi)&&_COMPILER_VERSION>=700
/* declare ctermid_r if compiling with MIPSPro 7.x in ANSI C mode
   (default) */
extern char        *ctermid_r(char *);
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#if defined(PYCC_VACPP)
extern int mkdir(char *);
#else
#if ( defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(_MSC_VER) ) && !defined(__QNX__)
extern int mkdir(const char *);
#else
extern int mkdir(const char *, mode_t);
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
extern int chdir(char *);
extern int rmdir(char *);
#else
extern int chdir(const char *);
extern int rmdir(const char *);
#endif
#ifdef __BORLANDC__
extern int chmod(const char *, int);
#else
extern int chmod(const char *, mode_t);
#endif
/*#ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
extern int fchmod(int, mode_t);
#endif*/
/*#ifdef HAVE_LCHMOD
extern int lchmod(const char *, mode_t);
#endif*/
extern int chown(const char *, uid_t, gid_t);
extern char *getcwd(char *, int);
extern char *strerror(int);
extern int link(const char *, const char *);
extern int rename(const char *, const char *);
extern int stat(const char *, struct stat *);
extern int unlink(const char *);
extern int pclose(FILE *);
#ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK
extern int symlink(const char *, const char *);
#endif /* HAVE_SYMLINK */
#ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
extern int lstat(const char *, struct stat *);
#endif /* HAVE_LSTAT */
#endif /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */

#endif /* !_MSC_VER */

#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H
#include <utime.h>
#endif /* HAVE_UTIME_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H
#include <sys/utime.h>
#define HAVE_UTIME_H /* pretend we do for the rest of this file */
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H
#include <sys/times.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H */

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H */

#ifdef HAVE_DIRENT_H
#include <dirent.h>
#define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#else
#if defined(__WATCOMC__) && !defined(__QNX__)
#include <direct.h>
#define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#else
#define dirent direct
#define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
#include <sys/ndir.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
#include <sys/dir.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NDIR_H
#include <ndir.h>
#endif
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#ifdef HAVE_DIRECT_H
#include <direct.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_IO_H
#include <io.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PROCESS_H
#include <process.h>
#endif
#include "osdefs.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>	/* for ShellExecute() */
#define popen	_popen
#define pclose	_pclose
#endif /* _MSC_VER */

#if defined(PYCC_VACPP) && defined(PYOS_OS2)
#include <io.h>
#endif /* OS2 */

#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
#if defined(PATH_MAX) && PATH_MAX > 1024
#define MAXPATHLEN PATH_MAX
#else
#define MAXPATHLEN 1024
#endif
#endif /* MAXPATHLEN */

#ifdef UNION_WAIT
/* Emulate some macros on systems that have a union instead of macros */

#ifndef WIFEXITED
#define WIFEXITED(u_wait) (!(u_wait).w_termsig && !(u_wait).w_coredump)
#endif

#ifndef WEXITSTATUS
#define WEXITSTATUS(u_wait) (WIFEXITED(u_wait)?((u_wait).w_retcode):-1)
#endif

#ifndef WTERMSIG
#define WTERMSIG(u_wait) ((u_wait).w_termsig)
#endif

#define WAIT_TYPE union wait
#define WAIT_STATUS_INT(s) (s.w_status)

#else /* !UNION_WAIT */
#define WAIT_TYPE int
#define WAIT_STATUS_INT(s) (s)
#endif /* UNION_WAIT */

/* Issue #1983: pid_t can be longer than a C long on some systems */
#if !defined(SIZEOF_PID_T) || SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_INT
#define PARSE_PID "i"
#define PyLong_FromPid PyInt_FromLong
#define PyLong_AsPid PyInt_AsLong
#elif SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_LONG
#define PARSE_PID "l"
#define PyLong_FromPid PyInt_FromLong
#define PyLong_AsPid PyInt_AsLong
#elif defined(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_PID_T == SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
#define PARSE_PID "L"
#define PyLong_FromPid PyLong_FromLongLong
#define PyLong_AsPid PyInt_AsLongLong
#else
#error "sizeof(pid_t) is neither sizeof(int), sizeof(long) or sizeof(long long)"
#endif /* SIZEOF_PID_T */

/* Don't use the "_r" form if we don't need it (also, won't have a
   prototype for it, at least on Solaris -- maybe others as well?). */
#if defined(HAVE_CTERMID_R) && defined(WITH_THREAD)
#define USE_CTERMID_R
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_TMPNAM_R) && defined(WITH_THREAD)
#define USE_TMPNAM_R
#endif

/* choose the appropriate stat and fstat functions and return structs */
#undef STAT
#if defined(MS_WIN64) || defined(MS_WINDOWS)
#	define STAT win32_stat
#	define FSTAT win32_fstat
#	define STRUCT_STAT struct win32_stat
#else
#	define STAT stat
#	define FSTAT fstat
#	define STRUCT_STAT struct stat
#endif

#if defined(MAJOR_IN_MKDEV)
#include <sys/mkdev.h>
#else
#if defined(MAJOR_IN_SYSMACROS)
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_MKNOD) && defined(HAVE_SYS_MKDEV_H)
#include <sys/mkdev.h>
#endif
#endif

/* Return a dictionary corresponding to the POSIX environment table */
#ifdef WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK
/* On Darwin/MacOSX a shared library or framework has no access to
** environ directly, we must obtain it with _NSGetEnviron().
*/
#include <crt_externs.h>
static char **environ;
#elif !defined(_MSC_VER) && ( !defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__QNX__) )
extern char **environ;
#endif /* !_MSC_VER */

static PyObject *
convertenviron(void)
{
	PyObject *d;
	char **e;
	d = PyDict_New();
	if (d == NULL)
		return NULL;
#ifdef WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK
	if (environ == NULL)
		environ = *_NSGetEnviron();
#endif
	if (environ == NULL)
		return d;
	/* This part ignores errors */
	for (e = environ; *e != NULL; e++) {
		PyObject *k;
		PyObject *v;
		char *p = strchr(*e, '=');
		if (p == NULL)
			continue;
		k = PyString_FromStringAndSize(*e, (int)(p-*e));
		if (k == NULL) {
			PyErr_Clear();
			continue;
		}
		v = PyString_FromString(p+1);
		if (v == NULL) {
			PyErr_Clear();
			Py_DECREF(k);
			continue;
		}
		if (PyDict_GetItem(d, k) == NULL) {
			if (PyDict_SetItem(d, k, v) != 0)
				PyErr_Clear();
		}
		Py_DECREF(k);
		Py_DECREF(v);
	}
#if defined(PYOS_OS2)
    {
        APIRET rc;
        char   buffer[1024]; /* OS/2 Provides a Documented Max of 1024 Chars */

        rc = DosQueryExtLIBPATH(buffer, BEGIN_LIBPATH);
	if (rc == NO_ERROR) { /* (not a type, envname is NOT 'BEGIN_LIBPATH') */
            PyObject *v = PyString_FromString(buffer);
		    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "BEGINLIBPATH", v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
        }
        rc = DosQueryExtLIBPATH(buffer, END_LIBPATH);
        if (rc == NO_ERROR) { /* (not a typo, envname is NOT 'END_LIBPATH') */
            PyObject *v = PyString_FromString(buffer);
		    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ENDLIBPATH", v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
        }
    }
#endif
	return d;
}


/* Set a POSIX-specific error from errno, and return NULL */

static PyObject *
posix_error(void)
{
	return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
}
static PyObject *
posix_error_with_filename(char* name)
{
	return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_OSError, name);
}

#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
static PyObject *
posix_error_with_unicode_filename(Py_UNICODE* name)
{
	return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithUnicodeFilename(PyExc_OSError, name);
}
#endif /* Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES */


static PyObject *
posix_error_with_allocated_filename(char* name)
{
	PyObject *rc = PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_OSError, name);
	PyMem_Free(name);
	return rc;
}

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
static PyObject *
win32_error(char* function, char* filename)
{
	/* XXX We should pass the function name along in the future.
	   (_winreg.c also wants to pass the function name.)
	   This would however require an additional param to the
	   Windows error object, which is non-trivial.
	*/
	errno = GetLastError();
	if (filename)
		return PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(errno, filename);
	else
		return PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(errno);
}

#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
static PyObject *
win32_error_unicode(char* function, Py_UNICODE* filename)
{
	/* XXX - see win32_error for comments on 'function' */
	errno = GetLastError();
	if (filename)
		return PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithUnicodeFilename(errno, filename);
	else
		return PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(errno);
}

static PyObject *_PyUnicode_FromFileSystemEncodedObject(register PyObject *obj)
{
}

static int
convert_to_unicode(PyObject **param)
{
	if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(*param))
		Py_INCREF(*param);
	else if (PyUnicode_Check(*param))
		/* For a Unicode subtype that's not a Unicode object,
		   return a true Unicode object with the same data. */
		*param = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(*param),
					       PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(*param));
	else
		*param = PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(*param,
				                     Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding,
					             "strict");
	return (*param) != NULL;
}

#endif /* Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES */

#endif

#if defined(PYOS_OS2)
/**********************************************************************
 *         Helper Function to Trim and Format OS/2 Messages
 **********************************************************************/
    static void
os2_formatmsg(char *msgbuf, int msglen, char *reason)
{
    msgbuf[msglen] = '\0'; /* OS/2 Doesn't Guarantee a Terminator */

    if (strlen(msgbuf) > 0) { /* If Non-Empty Msg, Trim CRLF */
        char *lastc = &msgbuf[ strlen(msgbuf)-1 ];

        while (lastc > msgbuf && isspace(Py_CHARMASK(*lastc)))
            *lastc-- = '\0'; /* Trim Trailing Whitespace (CRLF) */
    }

    /* Add Optional Reason Text */
    if (reason) {
        strcat(msgbuf, " : ");
        strcat(msgbuf, reason);
    }
}

/**********************************************************************
 *             Decode an OS/2 Operating System Error Code
 *
 * A convenience function to lookup an OS/2 error code and return a
 * text message we can use to raise a Python exception.
 *
 * Notes:
 *   The messages for errors returned from the OS/2 kernel reside in
 *   the file OSO001.MSG in the \OS2 directory hierarchy.
 *
 **********************************************************************/
    static char *
os2_strerror(char *msgbuf, int msgbuflen, int errorcode, char *reason)
{
    APIRET rc;
    ULONG  msglen;

    /* Retrieve Kernel-Related Error Message from OSO001.MSG File */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    rc = DosGetMessage(NULL, 0, msgbuf, msgbuflen,
                       errorcode, "oso001.msg", &msglen);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    if (rc == NO_ERROR)
        os2_formatmsg(msgbuf, msglen, reason);
    else
        PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, msgbuflen,
        	      "unknown OS error #%d", errorcode);

    return msgbuf;
}

/* Set an OS/2-specific error and return NULL.  OS/2 kernel
   errors are not in a global variable e.g. 'errno' nor are
   they congruent with posix error numbers. */

static PyObject * os2_error(int code)
{
    char text[1024];
    PyObject *v;

    os2_strerror(text, sizeof(text), code, "");

    v = Py_BuildValue("(is)", code, text);
    if (v != NULL) {
        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_OSError, v);
        Py_DECREF(v);
    }
    return NULL; /* Signal to Python that an Exception is Pending */
}

#endif /* OS2 */

/* POSIX generic methods */

static PyObject *
posix_fildes(PyObject *fdobj, int (*func)(int))
{
	int fd;
	int res;
	fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(fdobj);
	if (fd < 0)
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = (*func)(fd);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error();
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
static int
unicode_file_names(void)
{
	static int canusewide = -1;
	if (canusewide == -1) {
		/* As per doc for ::GetVersion(), this is the correct test for
		   the Windows NT family. */
		canusewide = (GetVersion() < 0x80000000) ? 1 : 0;
	}
	return canusewide;
}
#endif

static PyObject *
posix_1str(PyObject *args, char *format, int (*func)(const char*))
{
	char *path1 = NULL;
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, format,
	                      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path1))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = (*func)(path1);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error_with_allocated_filename(path1);
	PyMem_Free(path1);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
posix_2str(PyObject *args,
	   char *format,
	   int (*func)(const char *, const char *))
{
	char *path1 = NULL, *path2 = NULL;
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, format,
	                      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path1,
	                      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path2))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = (*func)(path1, path2);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	PyMem_Free(path1);
	PyMem_Free(path2);
	if (res != 0)
		/* XXX how to report both path1 and path2??? */
		return posix_error();
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
static PyObject*
win32_1str(PyObject* args, char* func, 
	   char* format, BOOL (__stdcall *funcA)(LPCSTR), 
	   char* wformat, BOOL (__stdcall *funcW)(LPWSTR))
{
	PyObject *uni;
	char *ansi;
	BOOL result;
	if (unicode_file_names()) {
		if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, wformat, &uni))
			PyErr_Clear();
		else {
			Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
			result = funcW(PyUnicode_AsUnicode(uni));
			Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
			if (!result)
				return win32_error_unicode(func, PyUnicode_AsUnicode(uni));
			Py_INCREF(Py_None);
			return Py_None;
		}
	}
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, format, &ansi))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	result = funcA(ansi);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (!result)
		return win32_error(func, ansi);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;

}

/* This is a reimplementation of the C library's chdir function,
   but one that produces Win32 errors instead of DOS error codes.
   chdir is essentially a wrapper around SetCurrentDirectory; however,
   it also needs to set "magic" environment variables indicating
   the per-drive current directory, which are of the form =<drive>: */
BOOL __stdcall
win32_chdir(LPCSTR path)
{
	char new_path[MAX_PATH+1];
	int result;
	char env[4] = "=x:";

	if(!SetCurrentDirectoryA(path))
		return FALSE;
	result = GetCurrentDirectoryA(MAX_PATH+1, new_path);
	if (!result)
		return FALSE;
	/* In the ANSI API, there should not be any paths longer
	   than MAX_PATH. */
	assert(result <= MAX_PATH+1);
	if (strncmp(new_path, "\\\\", 2) == 0 ||
	    strncmp(new_path, "//", 2) == 0)
	    /* UNC path, nothing to do. */
	    return TRUE;
	env[1] = new_path[0];
	return SetEnvironmentVariableA(env, new_path);
}

/* The Unicode version differs from the ANSI version
   since the current directory might exceed MAX_PATH characters */
BOOL __stdcall
win32_wchdir(LPCWSTR path)
{
	wchar_t _new_path[MAX_PATH+1], *new_path = _new_path;
	int result;
	wchar_t env[4] = L"=x:";

	if(!SetCurrentDirectoryW(path))
		return FALSE;
	result = GetCurrentDirectoryW(MAX_PATH+1, new_path);
	if (!result)
		return FALSE;
	if (result > MAX_PATH+1) {
		new_path = malloc(result * sizeof(wchar_t));
		if (!new_path) {
			SetLastError(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY);
			return FALSE;
		}
		result = GetCurrentDirectoryW(result, new_path);
		if (!result) {
			free(new_path);
			return FALSE;
		}
	}
	if (wcsncmp(new_path, L"\\\\", 2) == 0 ||
	    wcsncmp(new_path, L"//", 2) == 0)
	    /* UNC path, nothing to do. */
	    return TRUE;
	env[1] = new_path[0];
	result = SetEnvironmentVariableW(env, new_path);
	if (new_path != _new_path)
		free(new_path);
	return result;
}
#endif

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
/* The CRT of Windows has a number of flaws wrt. its stat() implementation:
   - time stamps are restricted to second resolution
   - file modification times suffer from forth-and-back conversions between
     UTC and local time
   Therefore, we implement our own stat, based on the Win32 API directly.
*/
#define HAVE_STAT_NSEC 1 

struct win32_stat{
    int st_dev;
    __int64 st_ino;
    unsigned short st_mode;
    int st_nlink;
    int st_uid;
    int st_gid;
    int st_rdev;
    __int64 st_size;
    int st_atime;
    int st_atime_nsec;
    int st_mtime;
    int st_mtime_nsec;
    int st_ctime;
    int st_ctime_nsec;
};

static __int64 secs_between_epochs = 11644473600; /* Seconds between 1.1.1601 and 1.1.1970 */

static void
FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(FILETIME *in_ptr, int *time_out, int* nsec_out)
{
	/* XXX endianness. Shouldn't matter, as all Windows implementations are little-endian */
	/* Cannot simply cast and dereference in_ptr, 
	   since it might not be aligned properly */
	__int64 in;
	memcpy(&in, in_ptr, sizeof(in));
	*nsec_out = (int)(in % 10000000) * 100; /* FILETIME is in units of 100 nsec. */
	/* XXX Win32 supports time stamps past 2038; we currently don't */
	*time_out = Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST((in / 10000000) - secs_between_epochs, __int64, int);
}

static void
time_t_to_FILE_TIME(int time_in, int nsec_in, FILETIME *out_ptr)
{
	/* XXX endianness */
	__int64 out;
	out = time_in + secs_between_epochs;
	out = out * 10000000 + nsec_in / 100;
	memcpy(out_ptr, &out, sizeof(out));
}

/* Below, we *know* that ugo+r is 0444 */
#if _S_IREAD != 0400
#error Unsupported C library
#endif
static int
attributes_to_mode(DWORD attr)
{
	int m = 0;
	if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
		m |= _S_IFDIR | 0111; /* IFEXEC for user,group,other */
	else
		m |= _S_IFREG;
	if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
		m |= 0444;
	else
		m |= 0666;
	return m;
}

static int
attribute_data_to_stat(WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA *info, struct win32_stat *result)
{
	memset(result, 0, sizeof(*result));
	result->st_mode = attributes_to_mode(info->dwFileAttributes);
	result->st_size = (((__int64)info->nFileSizeHigh)<<32) + info->nFileSizeLow;
	FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(&info->ftCreationTime, &result->st_ctime, &result->st_ctime_nsec);
	FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(&info->ftLastWriteTime, &result->st_mtime, &result->st_mtime_nsec);
	FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(&info->ftLastAccessTime, &result->st_atime, &result->st_atime_nsec);

	return 0;
}

/* Emulate GetFileAttributesEx[AW] on Windows 95 */
static int checked = 0;
static BOOL (CALLBACK *gfaxa)(LPCSTR, GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS, LPVOID);
static BOOL (CALLBACK *gfaxw)(LPCWSTR, GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS, LPVOID);
static void
check_gfax()
{
	HINSTANCE hKernel32;
	if (checked)
	    return;
	checked = 1;
	hKernel32 = GetModuleHandle("KERNEL32");
	*(FARPROC*)&gfaxa = GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "GetFileAttributesExA");
	*(FARPROC*)&gfaxw = GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "GetFileAttributesExW");
}

static BOOL
attributes_from_dir(LPCSTR pszFile, LPWIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA pfad)
{
	HANDLE hFindFile;
	WIN32_FIND_DATAA FileData;
	hFindFile = FindFirstFileA(pszFile, &FileData);
	if (hFindFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		return FALSE;
	FindClose(hFindFile);
	pfad->dwFileAttributes = FileData.dwFileAttributes;
	pfad->ftCreationTime   = FileData.ftCreationTime;
	pfad->ftLastAccessTime = FileData.ftLastAccessTime;
	pfad->ftLastWriteTime  = FileData.ftLastWriteTime;
	pfad->nFileSizeHigh    = FileData.nFileSizeHigh;
	pfad->nFileSizeLow     = FileData.nFileSizeLow;
	return TRUE;
}

static BOOL
attributes_from_dir_w(LPCWSTR pszFile, LPWIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA pfad)
{
	HANDLE hFindFile;
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW FileData;
	hFindFile = FindFirstFileW(pszFile, &FileData);
	if (hFindFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		return FALSE;
	FindClose(hFindFile);
	pfad->dwFileAttributes = FileData.dwFileAttributes;
	pfad->ftCreationTime   = FileData.ftCreationTime;
	pfad->ftLastAccessTime = FileData.ftLastAccessTime;
	pfad->ftLastWriteTime  = FileData.ftLastWriteTime;
	pfad->nFileSizeHigh    = FileData.nFileSizeHigh;
	pfad->nFileSizeLow     = FileData.nFileSizeLow;
	return TRUE;
}

static BOOL WINAPI
Py_GetFileAttributesExA(LPCSTR pszFile, 
		       GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS level,
                       LPVOID pv)
{
	BOOL result;
	LPWIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA pfad = pv;
	/* First try to use the system's implementation, if that is
	   available and either succeeds to gives an error other than
	   that it isn't implemented. */
	check_gfax();
	if (gfaxa) {
		result = gfaxa(pszFile, level, pv);
		if (result || GetLastError() != ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
			return result;
	}
	/* It's either not present, or not implemented.
	   Emulate using FindFirstFile. */
	if (level != GetFileExInfoStandard) {
		SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
		return FALSE;
	}
	/* Use GetFileAttributes to validate that the file name
	   does not contain wildcards (which FindFirstFile would
	   accept). */
	if (GetFileAttributesA(pszFile) == 0xFFFFFFFF)
		return FALSE;
	return attributes_from_dir(pszFile, pfad);
}

static BOOL WINAPI
Py_GetFileAttributesExW(LPCWSTR pszFile, 
		       GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS level,
                       LPVOID pv)
{
	BOOL result;
	LPWIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA pfad = pv;
	/* First try to use the system's implementation, if that is
	   available and either succeeds to gives an error other than
	   that it isn't implemented. */
	check_gfax();
	if (gfaxa) {
		result = gfaxw(pszFile, level, pv);
		if (result || GetLastError() != ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
			return result;
	}
	/* It's either not present, or not implemented.
	   Emulate using FindFirstFile. */
	if (level != GetFileExInfoStandard) {
		SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
		return FALSE;
	}
	/* Use GetFileAttributes to validate that the file name
	   does not contain wildcards (which FindFirstFile would
	   accept). */
	if (GetFileAttributesW(pszFile) == 0xFFFFFFFF)
		return FALSE;
	return attributes_from_dir_w(pszFile, pfad);
}

static int 
win32_stat(const char* path, struct win32_stat *result)
{
	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA info;
	int code;
	char *dot;
	/* XXX not supported on Win95 and NT 3.x */
	if (!Py_GetFileAttributesExA(path, GetFileExInfoStandard, &info)) {
		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION) {
			/* Protocol violation: we explicitly clear errno, instead of
			   setting it to a POSIX error. Callers should use GetLastError. */
			errno = 0;
			return -1;
		} else {
			/* Could not get attributes on open file. Fall back to
			   reading the directory. */
			if (!attributes_from_dir(path, &info)) {
				/* Very strange. This should not fail now */
				errno = 0;
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
	code = attribute_data_to_stat(&info, result);
	if (code != 0)
		return code;
	/* Set S_IFEXEC if it is an .exe, .bat, ... */
	dot = strrchr(path, '.');
	if (dot) {
		if (stricmp(dot, ".bat") == 0 ||
		stricmp(dot, ".cmd") == 0 ||
		stricmp(dot, ".exe") == 0 ||
		stricmp(dot, ".com") == 0)
		result->st_mode |= 0111;
	}
	return code;
}

static int 
win32_wstat(const wchar_t* path, struct win32_stat *result)
{
	int code;
	const wchar_t *dot;
	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA info;
	/* XXX not supported on Win95 and NT 3.x */
	if (!Py_GetFileAttributesExW(path, GetFileExInfoStandard, &info)) {
		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION) {
			/* Protocol violation: we explicitly clear errno, instead of
			   setting it to a POSIX error. Callers should use GetLastError. */
			errno = 0;
			return -1;
		} else {
			/* Could not get attributes on open file. Fall back to
			   reading the directory. */
			if (!attributes_from_dir_w(path, &info)) {
				/* Very strange. This should not fail now */
				errno = 0;
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
	code = attribute_data_to_stat(&info, result);
	if (code < 0)
		return code;
	/* Set IFEXEC if it is an .exe, .bat, ... */
	dot = wcsrchr(path, '.');
	if (dot) {
		if (_wcsicmp(dot, L".bat") == 0 ||
		    _wcsicmp(dot, L".cmd") == 0 ||
		    _wcsicmp(dot, L".exe") == 0 ||
		    _wcsicmp(dot, L".com") == 0)
			result->st_mode |= 0111;
	}
	return code;
}

static int
win32_fstat(int file_number, struct win32_stat *result)
{
	BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION info;
	HANDLE h;
	int type;
    
	h = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(file_number);
    
	/* Protocol violation: we explicitly clear errno, instead of
	   setting it to a POSIX error. Callers should use GetLastError. */
	errno = 0;

	if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    		/* This is really a C library error (invalid file handle).
		   We set the Win32 error to the closes one matching. */
		SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
		return -1;
	}
	memset(result, 0, sizeof(*result));

	type = GetFileType(h);
	if (type == FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
	    DWORD error = GetLastError();
	    if (error != 0) {
		return -1;
	    }
	    /* else: valid but unknown file */
	}

	if (type != FILE_TYPE_DISK) {
		if (type == FILE_TYPE_CHAR)
			result->st_mode = _S_IFCHR;
		else if (type == FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
			result->st_mode = _S_IFIFO;
		return 0;
	}

	if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(h, &info)) {
		return -1;
	}

	/* similar to stat() */
	result->st_mode = attributes_to_mode(info.dwFileAttributes);
	result->st_size = (((__int64)info.nFileSizeHigh)<<32) + info.nFileSizeLow;
	FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(&info.ftCreationTime, &result->st_ctime, &result->st_ctime_nsec);
	FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(&info.ftLastWriteTime, &result->st_mtime, &result->st_mtime_nsec);
	FILE_TIME_to_time_t_nsec(&info.ftLastAccessTime, &result->st_atime, &result->st_atime_nsec);
	/* specific to fstat() */
	result->st_nlink = info.nNumberOfLinks;
	result->st_ino = (((__int64)info.nFileIndexHigh)<<32) + info.nFileIndexLow;
	return 0;
}

#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */

PyDoc_STRVAR(stat_result__doc__,
"stat_result: Result from stat or lstat.\n\n\
This object may be accessed either as a tuple of\n\
  (mode, ino, dev, nlink, uid, gid, size, atime, mtime, ctime)\n\
or via the attributes st_mode, st_ino, st_dev, st_nlink, st_uid, and so on.\n\
\n\
Posix/windows: If your platform supports st_blksize, st_blocks, st_rdev,\n\
or st_flags, they are available as attributes only.\n\
\n\
See os.stat for more information.");

static PyStructSequence_Field stat_result_fields[] = {
	{"st_mode",    "protection bits"},
	{"st_ino",     "inode"},
	{"st_dev",     "device"},
	{"st_nlink",   "number of hard links"},
	{"st_uid",     "user ID of owner"},
	{"st_gid",     "group ID of owner"},
	{"st_size",    "total size, in bytes"},
	/* The NULL is replaced with PyStructSequence_UnnamedField later. */
	{NULL,   "integer time of last access"},
	{NULL,   "integer time of last modification"},
	{NULL,   "integer time of last change"},
	{"st_atime",   "time of last access"},
	{"st_mtime",   "time of last modification"},
	{"st_ctime",   "time of last change"},
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
	{"st_blksize", "blocksize for filesystem I/O"},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS
	{"st_blocks",  "number of blocks allocated"},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV
	{"st_rdev",    "device type (if inode device)"},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
	{"st_flags",   "user defined flags for file"},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
	{"st_gen",    "generation number"},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
	{"st_birthtime",   "time of creation"},
#endif
	{0}
};

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
#define ST_BLKSIZE_IDX 13
#else
#define ST_BLKSIZE_IDX 12
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS
#define ST_BLOCKS_IDX (ST_BLKSIZE_IDX+1)
#else
#define ST_BLOCKS_IDX ST_BLKSIZE_IDX
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV
#define ST_RDEV_IDX (ST_BLOCKS_IDX+1)
#else
#define ST_RDEV_IDX ST_BLOCKS_IDX
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
#define ST_FLAGS_IDX (ST_RDEV_IDX+1)
#else
#define ST_FLAGS_IDX ST_RDEV_IDX
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
#define ST_GEN_IDX (ST_FLAGS_IDX+1)
#else
#define ST_GEN_IDX ST_FLAGS_IDX
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
#define ST_BIRTHTIME_IDX (ST_GEN_IDX+1)
#else
#define ST_BIRTHTIME_IDX ST_GEN_IDX
#endif

static PyStructSequence_Desc stat_result_desc = {
	"stat_result", /* name */
	stat_result__doc__, /* doc */
	stat_result_fields,
	10
};

PyDoc_STRVAR(statvfs_result__doc__,
"statvfs_result: Result from statvfs or fstatvfs.\n\n\
This object may be accessed either as a tuple of\n\
  (bsize, frsize, blocks, bfree, bavail, files, ffree, favail, flag, namemax),\n\
or via the attributes f_bsize, f_frsize, f_blocks, f_bfree, and so on.\n\
\n\
See os.statvfs for more information.");

static PyStructSequence_Field statvfs_result_fields[] = {
        {"f_bsize",  },
        {"f_frsize", },
        {"f_blocks", },
        {"f_bfree",  },
        {"f_bavail", },
        {"f_files",  },
        {"f_ffree",  },
        {"f_favail", },
        {"f_flag",   },
        {"f_namemax",},
        {0}
};

static PyStructSequence_Desc statvfs_result_desc = {
	"statvfs_result", /* name */
	statvfs_result__doc__, /* doc */
	statvfs_result_fields,
	10
};

static int initialized;
static PyTypeObject StatResultType;
static PyTypeObject StatVFSResultType;
static newfunc structseq_new;

static PyObject *
statresult_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
	PyStructSequence *result;
	int i;

	result = (PyStructSequence*)structseq_new(type, args, kwds);
	if (!result)
		return NULL;
	/* If we have been initialized from a tuple,
	   st_?time might be set to None. Initialize it
	   from the int slots.  */
	for (i = 7; i <= 9; i++) {
		if (result->ob_item[i+3] == Py_None) {
			Py_DECREF(Py_None);
			Py_INCREF(result->ob_item[i]);
			result->ob_item[i+3] = result->ob_item[i];
		}
	}
	return (PyObject*)result;
}



/* If true, st_?time is float. */
static int _stat_float_times = 1;

PyDoc_STRVAR(stat_float_times__doc__,
"stat_float_times([newval]) -> oldval\n\n\
Determine whether os.[lf]stat represents time stamps as float objects.\n\
If newval is True, future calls to stat() return floats, if it is False,\n\
future calls return ints. \n\
If newval is omitted, return the current setting.\n");

static PyObject*
stat_float_times(PyObject* self, PyObject *args)
{
	int newval = -1;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:stat_float_times", &newval))
		return NULL;
	if (newval == -1)
		/* Return old value */
		return PyBool_FromLong(_stat_float_times);
	_stat_float_times = newval;
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}

static void
fill_time(PyObject *v, int index, time_t sec, unsigned long nsec)
{
	PyObject *fval,*ival;
#if SIZEOF_TIME_T > SIZEOF_LONG
	ival = PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG)sec);
#else
	ival = PyInt_FromLong((long)sec);
#endif
	if (!ival)
		return;
	if (_stat_float_times) {
		fval = PyFloat_FromDouble(sec + 1e-9*nsec);
	} else {
		fval = ival;
		Py_INCREF(fval);
	}
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, index, ival);
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, index+3, fval);
}

/* pack a system stat C structure into the Python stat tuple
   (used by posix_stat() and posix_fstat()) */
static PyObject*
_pystat_fromstructstat(STRUCT_STAT *st)
{
	unsigned long ansec, mnsec, cnsec;
	PyObject *v = PyStructSequence_New(&StatResultType);
	if (v == NULL)
		return NULL;

        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 0, PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_mode));
#ifdef HAVE_LARGEFILE_SUPPORT
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 1,
				  PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG)st->st_ino));
#else
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 1, PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_ino));
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG) && !defined(MS_WINDOWS)
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 2,
				  PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG)st->st_dev));
#else
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 2, PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_dev));
#endif
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 3, PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_nlink));
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 4, PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_uid));
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 5, PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_gid));
#ifdef HAVE_LARGEFILE_SUPPORT
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 6,
				  PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG)st->st_size));
#else
        PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, 6, PyInt_FromLong(st->st_size));
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_STAT_TV_NSEC)
	ansec = st->st_atim.tv_nsec;
	mnsec = st->st_mtim.tv_nsec;
	cnsec = st->st_ctim.tv_nsec;
#elif defined(HAVE_STAT_TV_NSEC2)
	ansec = st->st_atimespec.tv_nsec;
	mnsec = st->st_mtimespec.tv_nsec;
	cnsec = st->st_ctimespec.tv_nsec;
#elif defined(HAVE_STAT_NSEC)
	ansec = st->st_atime_nsec;
	mnsec = st->st_mtime_nsec;
	cnsec = st->st_ctime_nsec;
#else
	ansec = mnsec = cnsec = 0;
#endif
	fill_time(v, 7, st->st_atime, ansec);
	fill_time(v, 8, st->st_mtime, mnsec);
	fill_time(v, 9, st->st_ctime, cnsec);

#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLKSIZE
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, ST_BLKSIZE_IDX,
			 PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_blksize));
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, ST_BLOCKS_IDX,
			 PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_blocks));
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_RDEV
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, ST_RDEV_IDX,
			 PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_rdev));
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, ST_GEN_IDX,
			 PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_gen));
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
	{
	  PyObject *val;
	  unsigned long bsec,bnsec;
	  bsec = (long)st->st_birthtime;
#ifdef HAVE_STAT_TV_NSEC2
	  bnsec = st->st_birthtimespec.tv_nsec;
#else
	  bnsec = 0;
#endif
	  if (_stat_float_times) {
	    val = PyFloat_FromDouble(bsec + 1e-9*bnsec);
	  } else {
	    val = PyInt_FromLong((long)bsec);
	  }
	  PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, ST_BIRTHTIME_IDX,
				    val);
	}
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
	PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(v, ST_FLAGS_IDX,
			 PyInt_FromLong((long)st->st_flags));
#endif

	if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
		Py_DECREF(v);
		return NULL;
	}

	return v;
}

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS

/* IsUNCRoot -- test whether the supplied path is of the form \\SERVER\SHARE\,
   where / can be used in place of \ and the trailing slash is optional.
   Both SERVER and SHARE must have at least one character.
*/

#define ISSLASHA(c) ((c) == '\\' || (c) == '/')
#define ISSLASHW(c) ((c) == L'\\' || (c) == L'/')
#ifndef ARRAYSIZE
#define ARRAYSIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
#endif

static BOOL
IsUNCRootA(char *path, int pathlen)
{
	#define ISSLASH ISSLASHA

	int i, share;

	if (pathlen < 5 || !ISSLASH(path[0]) || !ISSLASH(path[1]))
		/* minimum UNCRoot is \\x\y */
		return FALSE;
	for (i = 2; i < pathlen ; i++)
		if (ISSLASH(path[i])) break;
	if (i == 2 || i == pathlen)
		/* do not allow \\\SHARE or \\SERVER */
		return FALSE;
	share = i+1;
	for (i = share; i < pathlen; i++)
		if (ISSLASH(path[i])) break;
	return (i != share && (i == pathlen || i == pathlen-1));

	#undef ISSLASH
}

#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
static BOOL
IsUNCRootW(Py_UNICODE *path, int pathlen)
{
	#define ISSLASH ISSLASHW

	int i, share;

	if (pathlen < 5 || !ISSLASH(path[0]) || !ISSLASH(path[1]))
		/* minimum UNCRoot is \\x\y */
		return FALSE;
	for (i = 2; i < pathlen ; i++)
		if (ISSLASH(path[i])) break;
	if (i == 2 || i == pathlen)
		/* do not allow \\\SHARE or \\SERVER */
		return FALSE;
	share = i+1;
	for (i = share; i < pathlen; i++)
		if (ISSLASH(path[i])) break;
	return (i != share && (i == pathlen || i == pathlen-1));

	#undef ISSLASH
}
#endif /* Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES */
#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */

static PyObject *
posix_do_stat(PyObject *self, PyObject *args,
	      char *format,
#ifdef __VMS
	      int (*statfunc)(const char *, STRUCT_STAT *, ...),
#else
	      int (*statfunc)(const char *, STRUCT_STAT *),
#endif
	      char *wformat,
	      int (*wstatfunc)(const Py_UNICODE *, STRUCT_STAT *))
{
	STRUCT_STAT st;
	char *path = NULL;	/* pass this to stat; do not free() it */
	char *pathfree = NULL;  /* this memory must be free'd */
	int res;
	PyObject *result;

#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
	/* If on wide-character-capable OS see if argument
	   is Unicode and if so use wide API.  */
	if (unicode_file_names()) {
		PyUnicodeObject *po;
		if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, wformat, &po)) {
			Py_UNICODE *wpath = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(po);

			Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
				/* PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE result OK without
				   thread lock as it is a simple dereference. */
			res = wstatfunc(wpath, &st);
			Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

			if (res != 0)
				return win32_error_unicode("stat", wpath);
			return _pystat_fromstructstat(&st);
		}
		/* Drop the argument parsing error as narrow strings
		   are also valid. */
		PyErr_Clear();
	}
#endif

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, format,
	                      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path))
		return NULL;
	pathfree = path;

	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = (*statfunc)(path, &st);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

	if (res != 0) {
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
		result = win32_error("stat", pathfree);
#else
		result = posix_error_with_filename(pathfree);
#endif
	} 
	else
		result = _pystat_fromstructstat(&st);

	PyMem_Free(pathfree);
	return result;
}

/* POSIX methods */

PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_access__doc__,
"access(path, mode) -> True if granted, False otherwise\n\n\
Use the real uid/gid to test for access to a path.  Note that most\n\
operations will use the effective uid/gid, therefore this routine can\n\
be used in a suid/sgid environment to test if the invoking user has the\n\
specified access to the path.  The mode argument can be F_OK to test\n\
existence, or the inclusive-OR of R_OK, W_OK, and X_OK.");

static PyObject *
posix_access(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path;
	int mode;
	
#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
	DWORD attr;
	if (unicode_file_names()) {
		PyUnicodeObject *po;
		if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Ui:access", &po, &mode)) {
			Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
			/* PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE OK without thread lock as
			   it is a simple dereference. */
			attr = GetFileAttributesW(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(po));
			Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
			goto finish;
		}
		/* Drop the argument parsing error as narrow strings
		   are also valid. */
		PyErr_Clear();
	}
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti:access",
			      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path, &mode))
		return 0;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	attr = GetFileAttributesA(path);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	PyMem_Free(path);
finish:
	if (attr == 0xFFFFFFFF)
		/* File does not exist, or cannot read attributes */
		return PyBool_FromLong(0);
	/* Access is possible if either write access wasn't requested, or
	   the file isn't read-only, or if it's a directory, as there are
	   no read-only directories on Windows. */
	return PyBool_FromLong(!(mode & 2) 
	                       || !(attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
			       || (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY));
#else
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti:access", 
			      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path, &mode))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = access(path, mode);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	PyMem_Free(path);
	return PyBool_FromLong(res == 0);
#endif
}

#ifndef F_OK
#define F_OK 0
#endif
#ifndef R_OK
#define R_OK 4
#endif
#ifndef W_OK
#define W_OK 2
#endif
#ifndef X_OK
#define X_OK 1
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_TTYNAME
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_ttyname__doc__,
"ttyname(fd) -> string\n\n\
Return the name of the terminal device connected to 'fd'.");

static PyObject *
posix_ttyname(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	int id;
	char *ret;

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:ttyname", &id))
		return NULL;

#if defined(__VMS)
        /* file descriptor 0 only, the default input device (stdin) */
	if (id == 0) {
		ret = ttyname();
	}
	else {
		ret = NULL;
	}
#else
	ret = ttyname(id);
#endif
	if (ret == NULL)
		return posix_error();
	return PyString_FromString(ret);
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CTERMID
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_ctermid__doc__,
"ctermid() -> string\n\n\
Return the name of the controlling terminal for this process.");

static PyObject *
posix_ctermid(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs)
{
        char *ret;
        char buffer[L_ctermid];

#ifdef USE_CTERMID_R
	ret = ctermid_r(buffer);
#else
        ret = ctermid(buffer);
#endif
	if (ret == NULL)
		return posix_error();
	return PyString_FromString(buffer);
}
#endif

PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_chdir__doc__,
"chdir(path)\n\n\
Change the current working directory to the specified path.");

static PyObject *
posix_chdir(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
	return win32_1str(args, "chdir", "s:chdir", win32_chdir, "U:chdir", win32_wchdir);
#elif defined(PYOS_OS2) && defined(PYCC_GCC)
	return posix_1str(args, "et:chdir", _chdir2);
#elif defined(__VMS)
	return posix_1str(args, "et:chdir", (int (*)(const char *))chdir);
#else
	return posix_1str(args, "et:chdir", chdir);
#endif
}

#ifdef HAVE_FCHDIR
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_fchdir__doc__,
"fchdir(fildes)\n\n\
Change to the directory of the given file descriptor.  fildes must be\n\
opened on a directory, not a file.");

static PyObject *
posix_fchdir(PyObject *self, PyObject *fdobj)
{
	return posix_fildes(fdobj, fchdir);
}
#endif /* HAVE_FCHDIR */


PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_chmod__doc__,
"chmod(path, mode)\n\n\
Change the access permissions of a file.");

static PyObject *
posix_chmod(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path = NULL;
	int i;
	int res;
#ifdef Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES
	DWORD attr;
	if (unicode_file_names()) {
		PyUnicodeObject *po;
		if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Ui|:chmod", &po, &i)) {
			Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
			attr = GetFileAttributesW(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(po));
			if (attr != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
				if (i & _S_IWRITE)
					attr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
				else
					attr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
				res = SetFileAttributesW(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(po), attr);
			}
			else
				res = 0;
			Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
			if (!res)
				return win32_error_unicode("chmod",
						PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(po));
			Py_INCREF(Py_None);
			return Py_None;
		}
		/* Drop the argument parsing error as narrow strings
		   are also valid. */
		PyErr_Clear();
	}
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti:chmod", Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding,
	                      &path, &i))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	attr = GetFileAttributesA(path);
	if (attr != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
		if (i & _S_IWRITE)
			attr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
		else
			attr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
		res = SetFileAttributesA(path, attr);
	}
	else
		res = 0;
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (!res) {
		win32_error("chmod", path);
		PyMem_Free(path);
		return NULL;
	}
	PyMem_Free(path);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
#else /* Py_WIN_WIDE_FILENAMES */
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti:chmod", Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding,
	                      &path, &i))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = chmod(path, i);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error_with_allocated_filename(path);
	PyMem_Free(path);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
#endif
}

#ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_fchmod__doc__,
"fchmod(fd, mode)\n\n\
Change the access permissions of the file given by file\n\
descriptor fd.");

static PyObject *
posix_fchmod(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	int fd, mode, res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii:fchmod", &fd, &mode))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = fchmod(fd, mode);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error();
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
#endif /* HAVE_FCHMOD */

#ifdef HAVE_LCHMOD
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_lchmod__doc__,
"lchmod(path, mode)\n\n\
Change the access permissions of a file. If path is a symlink, this\n\
affects the link itself rather than the target.");

static PyObject *
posix_lchmod(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path = NULL;
	int i;
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "eti:lchmod", Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding,
	                      &path, &i))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = lchmod(path, i);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error_with_allocated_filename(path);
	PyMem_Free(path);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
#endif /* HAVE_LCHMOD */


#ifdef HAVE_CHFLAGS
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_chflags__doc__,
"chflags(path, flags)\n\n\
Set file flags.");

static PyObject *
posix_chflags(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path;
	unsigned long flags;
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "etk:chflags",
			      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path, &flags))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = chflags(path, flags);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error_with_allocated_filename(path);
	PyMem_Free(path);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}
#endif /* HAVE_CHFLAGS */

#ifdef HAVE_LCHFLAGS
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_lchflags__doc__,
"lchflags(path, flags)\n\n\
Set file flags.\n\
This function will not follow symbolic links.");

static PyObject *
posix_lchflags(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path;
	unsigned long flags;
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "etk:lchflags",
			      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path, &flags))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = lchflags(path, flags);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error_with_allocated_filename(path);
	PyMem_Free(path);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}
#endif /* HAVE_LCHFLAGS */

#ifdef HAVE_CHROOT
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_chroot__doc__,
"chroot(path)\n\n\
Change root directory to path.");

static PyObject *
posix_chroot(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	return posix_1str(args, "et:chroot", chroot);
}
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_fsync__doc__,
"fsync(fildes)\n\n\
force write of file with filedescriptor to disk.");

static PyObject *
posix_fsync(PyObject *self, PyObject *fdobj)
{
       return posix_fildes(fdobj, fsync);
}
#endif /* HAVE_FSYNC */

#ifdef HAVE_FDATASYNC

#ifdef __hpux
extern int fdatasync(int); /* On HP-UX, in libc but not in unistd.h */
#endif

PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_fdatasync__doc__,
"fdatasync(fildes)\n\n\
force write of file with filedescriptor to disk.\n\
 does not force update of metadata.");

static PyObject *
posix_fdatasync(PyObject *self, PyObject *fdobj)
{
       return posix_fildes(fdobj, fdatasync);
}
#endif /* HAVE_FDATASYNC */


#ifdef HAVE_CHOWN
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_chown__doc__,
"chown(path, uid, gid)\n\n\
Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid.");

static PyObject *
posix_chown(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	char *path = NULL;
	long uid, gid;
	int res;
	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "etll:chown",
	                      Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, &path,
	                      &uid, &gid))
		return NULL;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	res = chown(path, (uid_t) uid, (gid_t) gid);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (res < 0)
		return posix_error_with_allocated_filename(path);
	PyMem_Free(path);
	Py_INCREF(Py_None);
	return Py_None;
}
#endif /* HAVE_CHOWN */

#ifdef HAVE_FCHOWN
PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_fchown__doc__,
"fchown(fd, uid, gid)\n\n\
Change the owner and group id of the file given by file descri…