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<HTML
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>Socket functions</TITLE
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><DIV
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><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="title"
>XCVII. Socket functions</H1
><DIV
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
><A
NAME="AEN86785"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.intro"
></A
>Introduction</H1
><P
>&#13;     The socket extension implements a low-level interface to the socket
     communication functions based on the popular BSD sockets, providing the
     possibility to act as a socket server as well as a client.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     For a more generic client-side socket interface, see
     <A
HREF="function.fsockopen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>fsockopen()</B
></A
> and
     <A
HREF="function.pfsockopen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>pfsockopen()</B
></A
>.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     When using these functions, it is important to remember that while
     many of them have identical names to their C counterparts, they
     often have different declarations. Please be sure to read the
     descriptions to avoid confusion.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     Those unfamiliar with socket programming can find a lot
     of useful material in the appropriate Unix man pages, and there is a great
     deal of tutorial information on socket programming in C on the web, much
     of which can be applied, with slight modifications, to socket programming
     in PHP. The <A
HREF="http://www.developerweb.net/sock-faq/"
TARGET="_top"
>UNIX Socket
     FAQ</A
> might be a good start.
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
>This extension is
<SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>EXPERIMENTAL</I
></SPAN
>. The behaviour of this extension --
including the names of its functions and anything else documented
about this extension -- may change without notice in a future release of PHP. 
Use this extension at your own risk.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.requirements"
></A
>Requirements</H1
><P
>No external libraries are needed to build this extension.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.installation"
></A
>Installation</H1
><P
>&#13;  The socket functions described here are part of an extension to
  PHP which must be enabled at compile time by giving the <TT
CLASS="option"
>--enable-sockets</TT
> option to
  <B
CLASS="command"
>configure</B
>.
 </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.configuration"
></A
>Runtime Configuration</H1
><P
>This extension has no configuration directives defined in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.resources"
></A
>Resource Types</H1
><P
>This extension has no resource types defined.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.constants"
></A
>Predefined Constants</H1
><P
>&#13;The constants below are defined by this extension, and
will only be available when the extension has either
been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.
</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>AF_UNIX</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>AF_INET</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOCK_STREAM</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOCK_DGRAM</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOCK_RAW</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOCK_SEQPACKET</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOCK_RDM</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>MSG_OOB</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>MSG_WAITALL</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>MSG_PEEK</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>MSG_DONTROUTE</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_DEBUG</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_REUSEADDR</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_KEEPALIVE</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_DONTROUTE</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_LINGER</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_BROADCAST</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_OOBINLINE</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_SNDBUF</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_RCVBUF</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_SNDLOWAT</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_RCVLOWAT</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_SNDTIMEO</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_RCVTIMEO</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_TYPE</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SO_ERROR</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOL_SOCKET</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>PHP_NORMAL_READ</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>PHP_BINARY_READ</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOL_TCP</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>SOL_UDP</B
></TT
> 
    (<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
>integer</A
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;     
    </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.errors"
></A
>Socket Errors</H1
><P
>&#13;     The socket extension was written to provide a useable interface to the
     powerful BSD sockets. Care has been taken that the functions work equally
     well on Win32 and Unix implementations. Almost all of the sockets
     functions may fail under certain conditions and therefore emit an
     <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
> message describing the error. Sometimes this
     doesn't happen to the desire of the developer. For example the function
     <A
HREF="function.socket-read.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>socket_read()</B
></A
> may suddenly emit an
     <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
> message because the connection broke
     unexpectedly. It's common to suppress the warning with the
     <TT
CLASS="literal"
>@</TT
>-operator and catch the error code within the
     application with the <A
HREF="function.socket-last-error.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>socket_last_error()</B
></A
> function. You
     may call the <A
HREF="function.socket-strerror.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>socket_strerror()</B
></A
> function with this error
     code to retrieve a string describing the error. See their description for
     more information.
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>
      The <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
> messages generated by the socket
      extension are in english though the retrieved error message will appear
      depending on the current locale (<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>LC_MESSAGES</B
></TT
>):
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="php"
>Warning - socket_bind() unable to bind address [98]: Die Adresse wird bereits verwendet</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sockets.examples"
></A
>Examples</H1
><P
>&#13;     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN87020"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 1. Socket example: Simple TCP/IP server</B
></P
><P
>&#13;       This example shows a simple talkback server. Change the
       <TT
CLASS="varname"
>address</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="varname"
>port</TT
> variables
       to suit your setup and execute. You may then connect to the
       server with a command similar to: <B
CLASS="command"
>telnet 192.168.1.53
       10000</B
> (where the address and port match your
       setup). Anything you type will then be output on the server
       side, and echoed back to you. To disconnect, enter 'quit'.
      </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="php"
>#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
&#60;?php
error_reporting (E_ALL);

/* Allow the script to hang around waiting for connections. */
set_time_limit (0);

/* Turn on implicit output flushing so we see what we're getting
 * as it comes in. */
ob_implicit_flush ();

$address = '192.168.1.53';
$port = 10000;

if (($sock = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) &#60; 0) {
    echo "socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($sock) . "\n";
}

if (($ret = socket_bind ($sock, $address, $port)) &#60; 0) {
    echo "socket_bind() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
}

if (($ret = socket_listen ($sock, 5)) &#60; 0) {
    echo "socket_listen() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
}

do {
    if (($msgsock = socket_accept($sock)) &#60; 0) {
        echo "socket_accept() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($msgsock) . "\n";
        break;
    }
    /* Send instructions. */
    $msg = "\nWelcome to the PHP Test Server. \n" .
        "To quit, type 'quit'. To shut down the server type 'shutdown'.\n";
    socket_write($msgsock, $msg, strlen($msg));

    do {
        if (FALSE === ($buf = socket_read ($msgsock, 2048))) {
            echo "socket_read() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
            break 2;
        }
        if (!$buf = trim ($buf)) {
            continue;
        }
        if ($buf == 'quit') {
            break;
        }
        if ($buf == 'shutdown') {
            socket_close ($msgsock);
            break 2;
        }
        $talkback = "PHP: You said '$buf'.\n";
        socket_write ($msgsock, $talkback, strlen ($talkback));
        echo "$buf\n";
    } while (true);
    socket_close ($msgsock);
} while (true);

socket_close ($sock);
?&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
    </P
><P
>&#13;     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN87028"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 2. Socket example: Simple TCP/IP client</B
></P
><P
>&#13;       This example shows a simple, one-shot HTTP client. It simply
       connects to a page, submits a HEAD request, echoes the reply,
       and exits.
      </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>&#60;?php
error_reporting (E_ALL);

echo "&#60;h2&#62;TCP/IP Connection&#60;/h2&#62;\n";

/* Get the port for the WWW service. */
$service_port = getservbyname ('www', 'tcp');

/* Get the IP address for the target host. */
$address = gethostbyname ('www.example.com');

/* Create a TCP/IP socket. */
$socket = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if ($socket &#60; 0) {
    echo "socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($socket) . "\n";
} else {
    echo "OK.\n";
}

echo "Attempting to connect to '$address' on port '$service_port'...";
$result = socket_connect ($socket, $address, $service_port);
if ($result &#60; 0) {
    echo "socket_connect() failed.\nReason: ($result) " . socket_strerror($result) . "\n";
} else {
    echo "OK.\n";
}

$in = "HEAD / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n";
$out = '';

echo "Sending HTTP HEAD request...";
socket_write ($socket, $in, strlen ($in));
echo "OK.\n";

echo "Reading response:\n\n";
while ($out = socket_read ($socket, 2048)) {
    echo $out;
}

echo "Closing socket...";
socket_close ($socket);
echo "OK.\n\n";
?&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
    </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-accept.html"
>socket_accept</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Accepts a connection on a socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-bind.html"
>socket_bind</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Binds a name to a socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-clear-error.html"
>socket_clear_error</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Clears the error on the socket or the last error code</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-close.html"
>socket_close</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Closes a socket resource</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-connect.html"
>socket_connect</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Initiates a connection on a socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-create-listen.html"
>socket_create_listen</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Opens a socket on port to accept connections </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-create-pair.html"
>socket_create_pair</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Creates a pair of indistinguishable sockets and stores them in fds. </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-create.html"
>socket_create</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Create a socket (endpoint for communication)</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-get-option.html"
>socket_get_option</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Gets socket options for the socket </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-getpeername.html"
>socket_getpeername</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;
     Queries the remote side of the given socket which may either result in host/port
     or in a UNIX filesystem path, dependent on its type.
    </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-getsockname.html"
>socket_getsockname</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;
     Queries the local side of the given socket which may either result in host/port
     or in a UNIX filesystem path, dependent on its type.
    </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-iovec-add.html"
>socket_iovec_add</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Adds a new vector to the scatter/gather array </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-iovec-alloc.html"
>socket_iovec_alloc</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;...]) Builds a 'struct iovec' for use with sendmsg, recvmsg, writev, and readv </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-iovec-delete.html"
>socket_iovec_delete</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Deletes a vector from an array of vectors </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-iovec-fetch.html"
>socket_iovec_fetch</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Returns the data held in the iovec specified by iovec_id[iovec_position] </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-iovec-free.html"
>socket_iovec_free</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Frees the iovec specified by iovec_id </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-iovec-set.html"
>socket_iovec_set</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Sets the data held in iovec_id[iovec_position] to new_val </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-last-error.html"
>socket_last_error</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Returns the last error on the socket </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-listen.html"
>socket_listen</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Listens for a connection on a socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-read.html"
>socket_read</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Reads a maximum of length bytes from a socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-readv.html"
>socket_readv</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Reads from an fd, using the scatter-gather array defined by iovec_id </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-recv.html"
>socket_recv</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Receives data from a connected socket </DT
><DT
><A
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>socket_recvfrom</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Receives data from a socket, connected or not </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-recvmsg.html"
>socket_recvmsg</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Used to receive messages on a socket, whether connection-oriented or not </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-select.html"
>socket_select</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Runs the select() system call on the given arrays of sockets with a timeout specified by tv_sec and tv_usec </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-send.html"
>socket_send</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Sends data to a connected socket </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-sendmsg.html"
>socket_sendmsg</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Sends a message to a socket, regardless of whether it is connection-oriented or not </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-sendto.html"
>socket_sendto</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Sends a message to a socket, whether it is connected or not </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-set-nonblock.html"
>socket_set_nonblock</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Sets nonblocking mode for file descriptor fd </DT
><DT
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HREF="function.socket-set-option.html"
>socket_set_option</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Sets socket options for the socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-shutdown.html"
>socket_shutdown</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Shuts down a socket for receiving, sending, or both. </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-strerror.html"
>socket_strerror</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Return a string describing a socket error</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-write.html"
>socket_write</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Write to a socket</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.socket-writev.html"
>socket_writev</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Writes to a file descriptor, fd, using the scatter-gather array defined by iovec_id </DT
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