/user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html

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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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  3. <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
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  5.   <meta charset="utf-8">
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  6.   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    7. 

  7.   
    8. 

  8.   <title>Form Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.6 documentation</title>
    9. 

  9.   
    10. 

  10. 

  11.   
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  12.   
    13. 

  13.     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
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  15. 

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  17.   <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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  24. 

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  26.   
    27. 

  27.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
    28. 

  28.   
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  29. 

  30.   
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  31.         <link rel="index" title="Index"
    32. 

  32.               href="../genindex.html"/>
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  33.         <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
    34. 

  34.     <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.6 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
    35. 

  35.         <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
    36. 

  36.         <link rel="next" title="HTML Helper" href="html_helper.html"/>
    37. 

  37.         <link rel="prev" title="File Helper" href="file_helper.html"/> 
    38. 

  38. 

  39.   
    40. 

  40.   <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
    41. 

  41. 

  42. </head>
    43. 

  43. 

  44. <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
    45. 

  45. 

  46.   <div id="nav">
    47. 

  47.   <div id="nav_inner">
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  48.     
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  49.     
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  50.     
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  51.       <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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  52.         <ul>
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  53. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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  56. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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  58. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
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  59. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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  60. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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  65. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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    68. 

  68. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    69. 

  69. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    70. 

  70. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    71. 

  71. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    72. 

  72. </ul>
    73. 

  73. </li>
    74. 

  74. </ul>
    75. 

  75. <ul>
    76. 

  76. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    77. 

  77. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    78. 

  78. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
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  79. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    80. 

  80. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    81. 

  81. </ul>
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  82. </li>
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  85. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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  86. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    87. 

  87. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    88. 

  88. </ul>
    89. 

  89. </li>
    90. 

  90. </ul>
    91. 

  91. <ul>
    92. 

  92. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    93. 

  93. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    94. 

  94. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    95. 

  95. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    96. 

  96. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    97. 

  97. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    98. 

  98. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    99. 

  99. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    100. 

  100. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    101. 

  101. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    102. 

  102. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    103. 

  103. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    104. 

  104. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    105. 

  105. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    106. 

  106. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    107. 

  107. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    108. 

  108. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    109. 

  109. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    110. 

  110. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    111. 

  111. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    112. 

  112. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    113. 

  113. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    114. 

  114. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    115. 

  115. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    116. 

  116. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    117. 

  117. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    118. 

  118. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    119. 

  119. </ul>
    120. 

  120. </li>
    121. 

  121. </ul>
    122. 

  122. <ul>
    123. 

  123. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    124. 

  124. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    125. 

  125. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    126. 

  126. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    127. 

  127. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    128. 

  128. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    129. 

  129. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    130. 

  130. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    131. 

  131. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    132. 

  132. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    133. 

  133. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    134. 

  134. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    135. 

  135. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    136. 

  136. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    137. 

  137. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    138. 

  138. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    139. 

  139. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    140. 

  140. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    141. 

  141. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    142. 

  142. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    143. 

  143. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    144. 

  144. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    145. 

  145. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    146. 

  146. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    147. 

  147. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    148. 

  148. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    149. 

  149. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    150. 

  150. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    151. 

  151. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    152. 

  152. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    153. 

  153. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    154. 

  154. </ul>
    155. 

  155. </li>
    156. 

  156. </ul>
    157. 

  157. <ul>
    158. 

  158. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    159. 

  159. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    160. 

  160. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    161. 

  161. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    162. 

  162. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    163. 

  163. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    164. 

  164. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    165. 

  165. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    166. 

  166. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    167. 

  167. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    168. 

  168. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    169. 

  169. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    170. 

  170. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    171. 

  171. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    172. 

  172. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    173. 

  173. </ul>
    174. 

  174. </li>
    175. 

  175. </ul>
    176. 

  176. <ul class="current">
    177. 

  177. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
    178. 

  178. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    179. 

  179. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    180. 

  180. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    181. 

  181. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    182. 

  182. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    183. 

  183. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    184. 

  184. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    185. 

  185. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    186. 

  186. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Form Helper</a></li>
    187. 

  187. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    188. 

  188. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    189. 

  189. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    190. 

  190. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    191. 

  191. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    192. 

  192. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    193. 

  193. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    194. 

  194. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    195. 

  195. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    196. 

  196. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    197. 

  197. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    198. 

  198. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    199. 

  199. </ul>
    200. 

  200. </li>
    201. 

  201. </ul>
    202. 

  202. 

  203.       </div>
    204. 

  204.     
    205. 

  205.       
    206. 

  206.   </div>
    207. 

  207. </div>
    208. 

  208. <div id="nav2">
    209. 

  209.   <a href="#" id="openToc">
    210. 

  210.     <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
    211. 

  211.   </a>
    212. 

  212. </div>
    213. 

  213. 

  214.   <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
    215. 

  215. 

  216.     
    217. 

  217.     <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
    218. 

  218.       <div class="wy-side-nav-search">
    219. 

  219.         
    220. 

  220.           <a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
    221. 

  221.         
    222. 

  222.         
    223. 

  223. <div role="search">
    224. 

  224.   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
    225. 

  225.     <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
    226. 

  226.     <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
    227. 

  227.     <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    228. 

  228.   </form>
    229. 

  229. </div>
    230. 

  230.       </div>
    231. 

  231. 

  232.       <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
    233. 

  233.         
    234. 

  234.           
    235. 

  235.           
    236. 

  236.               <ul>
    237. 

  237. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    238. 

  238. </ul>
    239. 

  239. <ul>
    240. 

  240. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    241. 

  241. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    242. 

  242. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    243. 

  243. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    244. 

  244. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    245. 

  245. </ul>
    246. 

  246. </li>
    247. 

  247. </ul>
    248. 

  248. <ul>
    249. 

  249. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    250. 

  250. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    251. 

  251. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    252. 

  252. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    253. 

  253. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    254. 

  254. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    255. 

  255. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    256. 

  256. </ul>
    257. 

  257. </li>
    258. 

  258. </ul>
    259. 

  259. <ul>
    260. 

  260. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    261. 

  261. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    262. 

  262. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    263. 

  263. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    264. 

  264. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    265. 

  265. </ul>
    266. 

  266. </li>
    267. 

  267. </ul>
    268. 

  268. <ul>
    269. 

  269. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    270. 

  270. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    271. 

  271. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    272. 

  272. </ul>
    273. 

  273. </li>
    274. 

  274. </ul>
    275. 

  275. <ul>
    276. 

  276. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    277. 

  277. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    278. 

  278. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    279. 

  279. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    280. 

  280. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    281. 

  281. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    282. 

  282. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    283. 

  283. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    284. 

  284. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    285. 

  285. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    286. 

  286. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    287. 

  287. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    288. 

  288. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    289. 

  289. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    290. 

  290. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    291. 

  291. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    292. 

  292. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    293. 

  293. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    294. 

  294. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    295. 

  295. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    296. 

  296. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    297. 

  297. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    298. 

  298. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    299. 

  299. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    300. 

  300. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    301. 

  301. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    302. 

  302. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    303. 

  303. </ul>
    304. 

  304. </li>
    305. 

  305. </ul>
    306. 

  306. <ul>
    307. 

  307. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    308. 

  308. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    309. 

  309. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    310. 

  310. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    311. 

  311. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    312. 

  312. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    313. 

  313. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    314. 

  314. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    315. 

  315. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    316. 

  316. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    317. 

  317. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    318. 

  318. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    319. 

  319. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    320. 

  320. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    321. 

  321. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    322. 

  322. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    323. 

  323. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    324. 

  324. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    325. 

  325. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    326. 

  326. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    327. 

  327. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    328. 

  328. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    329. 

  329. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    330. 

  330. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    331. 

  331. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    332. 

  332. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    333. 

  333. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    334. 

  334. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    335. 

  335. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    336. 

  336. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    337. 

  337. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    338. 

  338. </ul>
    339. 

  339. </li>
    340. 

  340. </ul>
    341. 

  341. <ul>
    342. 

  342. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    343. 

  343. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    344. 

  344. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    345. 

  345. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    346. 

  346. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    347. 

  347. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    348. 

  348. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    349. 

  349. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    350. 

  350. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    351. 

  351. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    352. 

  352. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    353. 

  353. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    354. 

  354. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    355. 

  355. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    356. 

  356. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    357. 

  357. </ul>
    358. 

  358. </li>
    359. 

  359. </ul>
    360. 

  360. <ul class="current">
    361. 

  361. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
    362. 

  362. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    363. 

  363. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    364. 

  364. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    365. 

  365. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    366. 

  366. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    367. 

  367. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    368. 

  368. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    369. 

  369. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    370. 

  370. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Form Helper</a></li>
    371. 

  371. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    372. 

  372. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    373. 

  373. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    374. 

  374. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    375. 

  375. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    376. 

  376. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    377. 

  377. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    378. 

  378. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    379. 

  379. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    380. 

  380. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    381. 

  381. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    382. 

  382. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    383. 

  383. </ul>
    384. 

  384. </li>
    385. 

  385. </ul>
    386. 

  386. 

  387.           
    388. 

  388.         
    389. 

  389.       </div>
    390. 

  390.       &nbsp;
    391. 

  391.     </nav>
    392. 

  392. 

  393.     <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
    394. 

  394. 

  395.       
    396. 

  396.       <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
    397. 

  397.         <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
    398. 

  398.         <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
    399. 

  399.       </nav>
    400. 

  400. 

  401. 

  402.       
    403. 

  403.       <div class="wy-nav-content">
    404. 

  404.         <div class="rst-content">
    405. 

  405.           <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
    406. 

  406.   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
    407. 

  407.     <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
    408. 

  408.       
    409. 

  409.         <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
    410. 

  410.       
    411. 

  411.     <li>Form Helper</li>
    412. 

  412.     <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
    413. 

  413.       
    414. 

  414.     </li>
    415. 

  415.     <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
    416. 

  416.       <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
    417. 

  417.     </div>
    418. 

  418.   </ul>
    419. 

  419.   <hr/>
    420. 

  420. </div>
    421. 

  421.           <div role="main" class="document">
    422. 

  422.             
    423. 

  423.   <div class="section" id="form-helper">
    424. 

  424. <h1>Form Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#form-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
    425. 

  425. <p>The Form Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
    426. 

  426. forms.</p>
    427. 

  427. <div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
    428. 

  428. <ul class="simple">
    429. 

  429. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
    430. 

  430. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#escaping-field-values" id="id2">Escaping field values</a></li>
    431. 

  431. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id3">Available Functions</a></li>
    432. 

  432. </ul>
    433. 

  433. </div>
    434. 

  434. <div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
    435. 

  435. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    436. 

  436. <p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
    437. 

  437. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    438. 

  438. </pre></div>
    439. 

  439. </div>
    440. 

  440. </div>
    441. 

  441. <div class="section" id="escaping-field-values">
    442. 

  442. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Escaping field values</a><a class="headerlink" href="#escaping-field-values" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    443. 

  443. <p>You may need to use HTML and characters such as quotes within your form
    444. 

  444. elements. In order to do that safely, you’ll need to use
    445. 

  445. <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">common function</span></a>
    446. 

  446. <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code>.</p>
    447. 

  447. <p>Consider the following example:</p>
    448. 

  448. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here is a string containing &quot;quoted&quot; text.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    449. 

  449. 

  450. <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myfield&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo </span><span class="si">$string</span><span class="s2">; ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
    451. 

  451. </pre></div>
    452. 

  452. </div>
    453. 

  453. <p>Since the above string contains a set of quotes, it will cause the form
    454. 

  454. to break. The <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> function converts HTML special
    455. 

  455. characters so that it can be used safely:</p>
    456. 

  456. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myfield&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo html_escape(</span><span class="si">$string</span><span class="s2">); ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
    457. 

  457. </pre></div>
    458. 

  458. </div>
    459. 

  459. <div class="admonition note">
    460. 

  460. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    461. 

  461. <p class="last">If you use any of the form helper functions listed on this page,
    462. 

  462. the form values will be automatically escaped, so there is no need
    463. 

  463. to call this function. Use it only if you are creating your own
    464. 

  464. form elements.</p>
    465. 

  465. </div>
    466. 

  466. </div>
    467. 

  467. <div class="section" id="available-functions">
    468. 

  468. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    469. 

  469. <p>The following functions are available:</p>
    470. 

  470. <dl class="function">
    471. 

  471. <dt id="form_open">
    472. 

  472. <code class="descname">form_open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$action = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_open" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
    473. 

  473. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    474. 

  474. <col class="field-name" />
    475. 

  475. <col class="field-body" />
    476. 

  476. <tbody valign="top">
    477. 

  477. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    478. 

  478. <li><strong>$action</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Form action/target URI string</li>
    479. 

  479. <li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
    480. 

  480. <li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An array of hidden fields’ definitions</li>
    481. 

  481. </ul>
    482. 

  482. </td>
    483. 

  483. </tr>
    484. 

  484. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML form opening tag</p>
    485. 

  485. </td>
    486. 

  486. </tr>
    487. 

  487. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
    488. 

  488. </td>
    489. 

  489. </tr>
    490. 

  490. </tbody>
    491. 

  491. </table>
    492. 

  492. <p>Creates an opening form tag with a base URL <strong>built from your config preferences</strong>.
    493. 

  493. It will optionally let you add form attributes and hidden input fields, and
    494. 

  494. will always add the <cite>accept-charset</cite> attribute based on the charset value in your
    495. 

  495. config file.</p>
    496. 

  496. <p>The main benefit of using this tag rather than hard coding your own HTML is that
    497. 

  497. it permits your site to be more portable in the event your URLs ever change.</p>
    498. 

  498. <p>Here’s a simple example:</p>
    499. 

  499. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    500. 

  500. </pre></div>
    501. 

  501. </div>
    502. 

  502. <p>The above example would create a form that points to your base URL plus the
    503. 

  503. “email/send” URI segments, like this:</p>
    504. 

  504. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
    505. 

  505. </pre></div>
    506. 

  506. </div>
    507. 

  507. <p><strong>Adding Attributes</strong></p>
    508. 

  508. <blockquote>
    509. 

  509. <div><p>Attributes can be added by passing an associative array to the second
    510. 

  510. parameter, like this:</p>
    511. 

  511. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myform&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    512. 

  512. <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
    513. 

  513. </pre></div>
    514. 

  514. </div>
    515. 

  515. <p>Alternatively, you can specify the second parameter as a string:</p>
    516. 

  516. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;class=&quot;email&quot; id=&quot;myform&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    517. 

  517. </pre></div>
    518. 

  518. </div>
    519. 

  519. <p>The above examples would create a form similar to this:</p>
    520. 

  520. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span> <span class="nx">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;email&quot;</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myform&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
    521. 

  521. </pre></div>
    522. 

  522. </div>
    523. 

  523. </div></blockquote>
    524. 

  524. <p><strong>Adding Hidden Input Fields</strong></p>
    525. 

  525. <blockquote>
    526. 

  526. <div><p>Hidden fields can be added by passing an associative array to the
    527. 

  527. third parameter, like this:</p>
    528. 

  528. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$hidden</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Joe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;member_id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;234&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    529. 

  529. <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$hidden</span><span class="p">);</span>
    530. 

  530. </pre></div>
    531. 

  531. </div>
    532. 

  532. <p>You can skip the second parameter by passing any falsy value to it.</p>
    533. 

  533. <p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
    534. 

  534. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
    535. 

  535.         <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;username&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Joe&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
    536. 

  536.         <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;member_id&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;234&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
    537. 

  537. </pre></div>
    538. 

  538. </div>
    539. 

  539. </div></blockquote>
    540. 

  540. </dd></dl>
    541. 

  541. 

  542. <dl class="function">
    543. 

  543. <dt id="form_open_multipart">
    544. 

  544. <code class="descname">form_open_multipart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$action = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_open_multipart" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
    545. 

  545. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    546. 

  546. <col class="field-name" />
    547. 

  547. <col class="field-body" />
    548. 

  548. <tbody valign="top">
    549. 

  549. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    550. 

  550. <li><strong>$action</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Form action/target URI string</li>
    551. 

  551. <li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
    552. 

  552. <li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An array of hidden fields’ definitions</li>
    553. 

  553. </ul>
    554. 

  554. </td>
    555. 

  555. </tr>
    556. 

  556. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML multipart form opening tag</p>
    557. 

  557. </td>
    558. 

  558. </tr>
    559. 

  559. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
    560. 

  560. </td>
    561. 

  561. </tr>
    562. 

  562. </tbody>
    563. 

  563. </table>
    564. 

  564. <p>This function is absolutely identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#form_open" title="form_open"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code></a> above,
    565. 

  565. except that it adds a <em>multipart</em> attribute, which is necessary if you
    566. 

  566. would like to use the form to upload files with.</p>
    567. 

  567. </dd></dl>
    568. 

  568. 

  569. <dl class="function">
    570. 

  570. <dt id="form_hidden">
    571. 

  571. <code class="descname">form_hidden</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_hidden" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
    572. 

  572. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    573. 

  573. <col class="field-name" />
    574. 

  574. <col class="field-body" />
    575. 

  575. <tbody valign="top">
    576. 

  576. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    577. 

  577. <li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
    578. 

  578. <li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
    579. 

  579. </ul>
    580. 

  580. </td>
    581. 

  581. </tr>
    582. 

  582. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML hidden input field tag</p>
    583. 

  583. </td>
    584. 

  584. </tr>
    585. 

  585. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
    586. 

  586. </td>
    587. 

  587. </tr>
    588. 

  588. </tbody>
    589. 

  589. </table>
    590. 

  590. <p>Lets you generate hidden input fields. You can either submit a
    591. 

  591. name/value string to create one field:</p>
    592. 

  592. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    593. 

  593. <span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; value=&quot;johndoe&quot; /&gt;</span>
    594. 

  594. </pre></div>
    595. 

  595. </div>
    596. 

  596. <p>… or you can submit an associative array to create multiple fields:</p>
    597. 

  597. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    598. 

  598.         <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    599. 

  599.         <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    600. 

  600.         <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com&#39;</span>
    601. 

  601. <span class="p">);</span>
    602. 

  602. 

  603. <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
    604. 

  604. 

  605. <span class="cm">/*</span>
    606. 

  606. <span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>
    607. 

  607. <span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;name&quot; value=&quot;John Doe&quot; /&gt;</span>
    608. 

  608. <span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
    609. 

  609. <span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;url&quot; value=&quot;http://example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
    610. 

  610. <span class="cm">*/</span>
    611. 

  611. </pre></div>
    612. 

  612. </div>
    613. 

  613. <p>You can also pass an associative array to the value field:</p>
    614. 

  614. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    615. 

  615.         <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span>  <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    616. 

  616.         <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    617. 

  617.         <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com&#39;</span>
    618. 

  618. <span class="p">);</span>
    619. 

  619. 

  620. <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_array&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
    621. 

  621. 

  622. <span class="cm">/*</span>
    623. 

  623. <span class="cm">        Would produce:</span>
    624. 

    625. 

  625. <span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[name]&quot; value=&quot;John Doe&quot; /&gt;</span>
    626. 

  626. <span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[email]&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
    627. 

  627. <span class="cm">        &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[url]&quot; value=&quot;http://example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
    628. 

  628. <span class="cm">*/</span>
    629. 

  629. </pre></div>
    630. 

  630. </div>
    631. 

  631. <p>If you want to create hidden input fields with extra attributes:</p>
    632. 

  632. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><s…
    633.