/org/haxel/HxlObject.hx

package org.haxel;
import flash.display.Graphics;
import flash.display.Sprite;
import flash.geom.Point;

import org.haxel.HxlBasic;

/**
 * This is the base class for most of the display objects (<code>HxlSprite</code>, <code>HxlText</code>, etc).
 * It includes some basic attributes about game objects, including retro-style flickering,
 * basic state information, sizes, scrolling, and basic physics and motion.
 * 
 * @author	Adam Atomic
 */
class HxlObject extends HxlBasic
{
	/**
	 * Generic value for "left" Used by <code>facing</code>, <code>allowCollisions</code>, and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var LEFT:UInt	= 0x0001;
	/**
	 * Generic value for "right" Used by <code>facing</code>, <code>allowCollisions</code>, and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var RIGHT:UInt	= 0x0010;
	/**
	 * Generic value for "up" Used by <code>facing</code>, <code>allowCollisions</code>, and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var UP:UInt		= 0x0100;
	/**
	 * Generic value for "down" Used by <code>facing</code>, <code>allowCollisions</code>, and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var DOWN:UInt	= 0x1000;
	
	/**
	 * Special-case constant meaning no collisions, used mainly by <code>allowCollisions</code> and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var NONE:UInt	= 0;
	/**
	 * Special-case constant meaning up, used mainly by <code>allowCollisions</code> and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var CEILING:UInt= UP;
	/**
	 * Special-case constant meaning down, used mainly by <code>allowCollisions</code> and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var FLOOR:UInt	= DOWN;
	/**
	 * Special-case constant meaning only the left and right sides, used mainly by <code>allowCollisions</code> and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var WALL:UInt	= LEFT | RIGHT;
	/**
	 * Special-case constant meaning any direction, used mainly by <code>allowCollisions</code> and <code>touching</code>.
	 */
	public static inline var ANY:UInt	= LEFT | RIGHT | UP | DOWN;
	
	/**
	 * Handy constant used during collision resolution (see <code>separateX()</code> and <code>separateY()</code>).
	 */
	public static inline var OVERLAP_BIAS:Float = 4;
	
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: move from the start of the path to the end then stop.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_FORWARD:UInt			= 0x000000;
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: move from the end of the path to the start then stop.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_BACKWARD:UInt			= 0x000001;
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: move from the start of the path to the end then directly back to the start, and start over.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_LOOP_FORWARD:UInt		= 0x000010;
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: move from the end of the path to the start then directly back to the end, and start over.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_LOOP_BACKWARD:UInt		= 0x000100;
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: move from the start of the path to the end then turn around and go back to the start, over and over.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_YOYO:UInt				= 0x001000;
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: ignores any vertical component to the path data, only follows side to side.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_HORIZONTAL_ONLY:UInt	= 0x010000;
	/**
	 * Path behavior controls: ignores any horizontal component to the path data, only follows up and down.
	 */
	public static inline var PATH_VERTICAL_ONLY:UInt		= 0x100000;
	
	/**
	 * X position of the upper left corner of this object in world space.
	 */
	public var x:Float;
	/**
	 * Y position of the upper left corner of this object in world space.
	 */
	public var y:Float;
	/**
	 * The width of this object.
	 */
	public var width:Float;
	/**
	 * The height of this object.
	 */
	public var height:Float;

	/**
	 * Whether an object will move/alter position after a collision.
	 */
	public var immovable:Bool;
	
	/**
	 * The basic speed of this object.
	 */
	public var velocity:HxlPoint;
	/**
	 * The virtual mass of the object. Default value is 1.
	 * Currently only used with <code>elasticity</code> during collision resolution.
	 * Change at your own risk; effects seem crazy unpredictable so far!
	 */
	public var mass:Float;
	/**
	 * The bounciness of this object.  Only affects collisions.  Default value is 0, or "not bouncy at all."
	 */
	public var elasticity:Float;
	/**
	 * How fast the speed of this object is changing.
	 * Useful for smooth movement and gravity.
	 */
	public var acceleration:HxlPoint;
	/**
	 * This isn't drag exactly, more like deceleration that is only applied
	 * when acceleration is not affecting the sprite.
	 */
	public var drag:HxlPoint;
	/**
	 * If you are using <code>acceleration</code>, you can use <code>maxVelocity</code> with it
	 * to cap the speed automatically (very useful!).
	 */
	public var maxVelocity:HxlPoint;
	/**
	 * Set the angle of a sprite to rotate it.
	 * WARNING: rotating sprites decreases rendering
	 * performance for this sprite by a factor of 10x!
	 */
	public var angle:Int;
	/**
	 * This is how fast you want this sprite to spin.
	 */
	public var angularVelocity:Float;
	/**
	 * How fast the spin speed should change.
	 */
	public var angularAcceleration:Float;
	/**
	 * Like <code>drag</code> but for spinning.
	 */
	public var angularDrag:Float;
	/**
	 * Use in conjunction with <code>angularAcceleration</code> for fluid spin speed control.
	 */
	public var maxAngular:Float;
	/**
	 * Should always represent (0,0) - useful for different things, for avoiding unnecessary <code>new</code> calls.
	 */
	private static inline var _pZero:HxlPoint = new HxlPoint();
	
	/**
	 * A point that can store numbers from 0 to 1 (for X and Y independently)
	 * that governs how much this object is affected by the camera subsystem.
	 * 0 means it never moves, like a HUD element or far background graphic.
	 * 1 means it scrolls along a the same speed as the foreground layer.
	 * scrollFactor is initialized as (1,1) by default.
	 */
	public var scrollFactor:HxlPoint;
	/**
	 * Internal helper used for retro-style flickering.
	 */
	private var _flicker:Bool;
	/**
	 * Internal helper used for retro-style flickering.
	 */
	private var _flickerTimer:Float;
	/**
	 * Handy for storing health percentage or armor points or whatever.
	 */
	public var health:Float;
	/**
	 * This is just a pre-allocated x-y point container to be used however you like
	 */
	private var _point:HxlPoint;
	/**
	 * This is just a pre-allocated rectangle container to be used however you like
	 */
	private var _rect:HxlRect;
	/**
	 * Set this to false if you want to skip the automatic motion/movement stuff (see <code>updateMotion()</code>).
	 * HxlObject and HxlSprite default to true.
	 * HxlText, HxlTileblock, HxlTilemap and HxlSound default to false.
	 */
	public var moves:Bool;
	/**
	 * Bit field of flags (use with UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, etc) indicating surface contacts.
	 * Use bitwise operators to check the values stored here, or use touching(), justStartedTouching(), etc.
	 * You can even use them broadly as boolean values if you're feeling saucy!
	 */
	public var touching:UInt;
	/**
	 * Bit field of flags (use with UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, etc) indicating surface contacts from the previous game loop step.
	 * Use bitwise operators to check the values stored here, or use touching(), justStartedTouching(), etc.
	 * You can even use them broadly as boolean values if you're feeling saucy!
	 */
	public var wasTouching:UInt;
	/**
	 * Bit field of flags (use with UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, etc) indicating collision directions.
	 * Use bitwise operators to check the values stored here.
	 * Useful for things like one-way platforms (e.g. allowCollisions = UP);
	 * The accessor "solid" just flips this variable between NONE and ANY.
	 */
	public var allowCollisions:UInt;
	
	/**
	 * Important variable for collision processing.
	 * By default this value is set automatically during <code>preUpdate()</code>.
	 */
	public var last:HxlPoint;
	
	/**
	 * A reference to a path object.  Null by default, assigned by <code>followPath()</code>.
	 */
	public var path:HxlPath;
	/**
	 * The speed at which the object is moving on the path.
	 * When an object completes a non-looping path circuit,
	 * the pathSpeed will be zeroed out, but the <code>path</code> reference
	 * will NOT be nulled out.  So <code>pathSpeed</code> is a good way
	 * to check if this object is currently following a path or not.
	 */
	public var pathSpeed:Float;
	/**
	 * The angle in degrees between this object and the next node, where 0 is directly upward, and 90 is to the right.
	 */
	public var pathAngle:Float;
	/**
	 * Internal helper, tracks which node of the path this object is moving toward.
	 */
	private var _pathNodeIndex:Int;
	/**
	 * Internal tracker for path behavior flags (like looping, horizontal only, etc).
	 */
	private var _pathMode:UInt;
	/**
	 * Internal helper for node navigation, specifically yo-yo and backwards movement.
	 */
	private var _pathInc:Int;
	/**
	 * Internal flag for whether hte object's angle should be adjusted to the path angle during path follow behavior.
	 */
	private var _pathRotate:Bool;
	
	/**
	 * Instantiates a <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param	X		The X-coordinate of the point in space.
	 * @param	Y		The Y-coordinate of the point in space.
	 * @param	Width	Desired width of the rectangle.
	 * @param	Height	Desired height of the rectangle.
	 */
	public function new(X:Float=0,Y:Float=0,Width:Float=0,Height:Float=0)
	{
		x = X;
		y = Y;
		last = new HxlPoint(x,y);
		width = Width;
		height = Height;
		mass = 1.0;
		elasticity = 0.0;

		immovable = false;
		moves = true;
		
		touching = NONE;
		wasTouching = NONE;
		allowCollisions = ANY;
		
		velocity = new HxlPoint();
		acceleration = new HxlPoint();
		drag = new HxlPoint();
		maxVelocity = new HxlPoint(10000,10000);
		
		angle = 0;
		angularVelocity = 0;
		angularAcceleration = 0;
		angularDrag = 0;
		maxAngular = 10000;
		
		scrollFactor = new HxlPoint(1.0,1.0);
		_flicker = false;
		_flickerTimer = 0;
		
		_point = new HxlPoint();
		_rect = new HxlRect();
		
		path = null;
		pathSpeed = 0;
		pathAngle = 0;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Override this function to null out variables or
	 * manually call destroy() on class members if necessary.
	 * Don't forget to call super.destroy()!
	 */
	override public function destroy():Void
	{
		velocity = null;
		acceleration = null;
		drag = null;
		maxVelocity = null;
		scrollFactor = null;
		_point = null;
		_rect = null;
		last = null;
		cameras = null;
		if(path != null)
			path.destroy();
		path = null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Pre-update is called right before <code>update()</code> on each object in the game loop.
	 * In <code>HxlObject</code> it controls the flicker timer,
	 * tracking the last coordinates for collision purposes,
	 * and checking if the object is moving along a path or not.
	 */
	override public function preUpdate():Void
	{
		_ACTIVECOUNT++;
		
		if(_flickerTimer != 0)
		{
			if(_flickerTimer > 0)
			{
				_flickerTimer = _flickerTimer - HxlG.elapsed;
				if(_flickerTimer <= 0)
				{
					_flickerTimer = 0;
					_flicker = false;
				}
			}
		}
		
		last.x = x;
		last.y = y;
		
		if((path != null) && (pathSpeed != 0) && (path.nodes[_pathNodeIndex] != null))
			updatePathMotion();
	}
	
	/**
	 * Post-update is called right after <code>update()</code> on each object in the game loop.
	 * In <code>HxlObject</code> this function handles integrating the objects motion
	 * based on the velocity and acceleration settings, and tracking/clearing the <code>touching</code> flags.
	 */
	override public function postUpdate():Void
	{
		if(moves)
			updateMotion();
		
		wasTouching = touching;
		touching = NONE;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Internal function for updating the position and speed of this object.
	 * Useful for cases when you need to update this but are buried down in too many supers.
	 * Does a slightly fancier-than-normal integration to help with higher fidelity framerate-independenct motion.
	 */
	private function updateMotion():Void
	{
		var delta:Float;
		var velocityDelta:Float;

		velocityDelta = (HxlU.computeVelocity(angularVelocity,angularAcceleration,angularDrag,maxAngular) - angularVelocity)/2;
		angularVelocity += velocityDelta; 
		angle += angularVelocity*HxlG.elapsed;
		angularVelocity += velocityDelta;
		
		velocityDelta = (HxlU.computeVelocity(velocity.x,acceleration.x,drag.x,maxVelocity.x) - velocity.x)/2;
		velocity.x += velocityDelta;
		delta = velocity.x*HxlG.elapsed;
		velocity.x += velocityDelta;
		x += delta;
		
		velocityDelta = (HxlU.computeVelocity(velocity.y,acceleration.y,drag.y,maxVelocity.y) - velocity.y)/2;
		velocity.y += velocityDelta;
		delta = velocity.y*HxlG.elapsed;
		velocity.y += velocityDelta;
		y += delta;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Rarely called, and in this case just increments the visible objects count and calls <code>drawDebug()</code> if necessary.
	 */
	override public function draw():Void
	{
		if(cameras == null)
			cameras = HxlG.cameras;
		var camera:HxlCamera;
		var i:UInt = 0;
		var l:UInt = cameras.length;
		while(i < l)
		{
			camera = cameras[i++];
			if(!onScreen(camera))
				continue;
			_VISIBLECOUNT++;
			if(HxlG.visualDebug && !ignoreDrawDebug)
				drawDebug(camera);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Override this function to draw custom "debug mode" graphics to the
	 * specified camera while the debugger's visual mode is toggled on.
	 * 
	 * @param	Camera	Which camera to draw the debug visuals to.
	 */
	override public function drawDebug(Camera:HxlCamera=null):Void
	{
		if(Camera == null)
			Camera = HxlG.camera;

		//get bounding box coordinates
		var boundingBoxX:Float = x - int(Camera.scroll.x*scrollFactor.x); //copied from getScreenXY()
		var boundingBoxY:Float = y - int(Camera.scroll.y*scrollFactor.y);
		boundingBoxX = int(boundingBoxX + ((boundingBoxX > 0)?0.0000001:-0.0000001));
		boundingBoxY = int(boundingBoxY + ((boundingBoxY > 0)?0.0000001:-0.0000001));
		var boundingBoxWidth:Int = (width != int(width))?width:width-1;
		var boundingBoxHeight:Int = (height != int(height))?height:height-1;

		//fill static graphics object with square shape
		var gfx:Graphics = HxlG.flashGfx;
		gfx.clear();
		gfx.moveTo(boundingBoxX,boundingBoxY);
		var boundingBoxColor:UInt;
		if(allowCollisions)
		{
			if(allowCollisions != ANY)
				boundingBoxColor = HxlG.PINK;
			if(immovable)
				boundingBoxColor = HxlG.GREEN;
			else
				boundingBoxColor = HxlG.RED;
		}
		else
			boundingBoxColor = HxlG.BLUE;
		gfx.lineStyle(1,boundingBoxColor,0.5);
		gfx.lineTo(boundingBoxX+boundingBoxWidth,boundingBoxY);
		gfx.lineTo(boundingBoxX+boundingBoxWidth,boundingBoxY+boundingBoxHeight);
		gfx.lineTo(boundingBoxX,boundingBoxY+boundingBoxHeight);
		gfx.lineTo(boundingBoxX,boundingBoxY);
		
		//draw graphics shape to camera buffer
		Camera.buffer.draw(HxlG.flashGfxSprite);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Call this function to give this object a path to follow.
	 * If the path does not have at least one node in it, this function
	 * will log a warning message and return.
	 * 
	 * @param	Path		The <code>HxlPath</code> you want this object to follow.
	 * @param	Speed		How fast to travel along the path in pixels per second.
	 * @param	Mode		Optional, controls the behavior of the object following the path using the path behavior constants.  Can use multiple flags at once, for example PATH_YOYO|PATH_HORIZONTAL_ONLY will make an object move back and forth along the X axis of the path only.
	 * @param	AutoRotate	Automatically point the object toward the next node.  Assumes the graphic is pointing upward.  Default behavior is false, or no automatic rotation.
	 */
	public function followPath(Path:HxlPath,Speed:Float=100,Mode:UInt=PATH_FORWARD,AutoRotate:Bool=false):Void
	{
		if(Path.nodes.length <= 0)
		{
			HxlG.log("WARNING: Paths need at least one node in them to be followed.");
			return;
		}
		
		path = Path;
		pathSpeed = HxlU.abs(Speed);
		_pathMode = Mode;
		_pathRotate = AutoRotate;
		
		//get starting node
		if((_pathMode == PATH_BACKWARD) || (_pathMode == PATH_LOOP_BACKWARD))
		{
			_pathNodeIndex = path.nodes.length-1;
			_pathInc = -1;
		}
		else
		{
			_pathNodeIndex = 0;
			_pathInc = 1;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Tells this object to stop following the path its on.
	 * 
	 * @param	DestroyPath		Tells this function whether to call destroy on the path object.  Default value is false.
	 */
	public function stopFollowingPath(DestroyPath:Bool=false):Void
	{
		pathSpeed = 0;
		if(DestroyPath && (path != null))
		{
			path.destroy();
			path = null;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Internal function that decides what node in the path to aim for next based on the behavior flags.
	 * 
	 * @return	The node (a <code>HxlPoint</code> object) we are aiming for next.
	 */
	private function advancePath(Snap:Bool=true):HxlPoint
	{
		if(Snap)
		{
			var oldNode:HxlPoint = path.nodes[_pathNodeIndex];
			if(oldNode != null)
			{
				if((_pathMode & PATH_VERTICAL_ONLY) == 0)
					x = oldNode.x - width*0.5;
				if((_pathMode & PATH_HORIZONTAL_ONLY) == 0)
					y = oldNode.y - height*0.5;
			}
		}
		
		_pathNodeIndex += _pathInc;
		
		if((_pathMode & PATH_BACKWARD) > 0)
		{
			if(_pathNodeIndex < 0)
			{
				_pathNodeIndex = 0;
				pathSpeed = 0;
			}
		}
		else if((_pathMode & PATH_LOOP_FORWARD) > 0)
		{
			if(_pathNodeIndex >= path.nodes.length)
				_pathNodeIndex = 0;
		}
		else if((_pathMode & PATH_LOOP_BACKWARD) > 0)
		{
			if(_pathNodeIndex < 0)
			{
				_pathNodeIndex = path.nodes.length-1;
				if(_pathNodeIndex < 0)
					_pathNodeIndex = 0;
			}
		}
		else if((_pathMode & PATH_YOYO) > 0)
		{
			if(_pathInc > 0)
			{
				if(_pathNodeIndex >= path.nodes.length)
				{
					_pathNodeIndex = path.nodes.length-2;
					if(_pathNodeIndex < 0)
						_pathNodeIndex = 0;
					_pathInc = -_pathInc;
				}
			}
			else if(_pathNodeIndex < 0)
			{
				_pathNodeIndex = 1;
				if(_pathNodeIndex >= path.nodes.length)
					_pathNodeIndex = path.nodes.length-1;
				if(_pathNodeIndex < 0)
					_pathNodeIndex = 0;
				_pathInc = -_pathInc;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			if(_pathNodeIndex >= path.nodes.length)
			{
				_pathNodeIndex = path.nodes.length-1;
				pathSpeed = 0;
			}
		}

		return path.nodes[_pathNodeIndex];
	}
	
	/**
	 * Internal function for moving the object along the path.
	 * Generally this function is called automatically by <code>preUpdate()</code>.
	 * The first half of the function decides if the object can advance to the next node in the path,
	 * while the second half handles actually picking a velocity toward the next node.
	 */
	private function updatePathMotion():Void
	{
		//first check if we need to be pointing at the next node yet
		_point.x = x + width*0.5;
		_point.y = y + height*0.5;
		var node:HxlPoint = path.nodes[_pathNodeIndex];
		var deltaX:Float = node.x - _point.x;
		var deltaY:Float = node.y - _point.y;
		
		var horizontalOnly:Bool = (_pathMode & PATH_HORIZONTAL_ONLY) > 0;
		var verticalOnly:Bool = (_pathMode & PATH_VERTICAL_ONLY) > 0;
		
		if(horizontalOnly)
		{
			if(((deltaX>0)?deltaX:-deltaX) < pathSpeed*HxlG.elapsed)
				node = advancePath();
		}
		else if(verticalOnly)
		{
			if(((deltaY>0)?deltaY:-deltaY) < pathSpeed*HxlG.elapsed)
				node = advancePath();
		}
		else
		{
			if(Math.sqrt(deltaX*deltaX + deltaY*deltaY) < pathSpeed*HxlG.elapsed)
				node = advancePath();
		}
		
		//then just move toward the current node at the requested speed
		if(pathSpeed != 0)
		{
			//set velocity based on path mode
			_point.x = x + width*0.5;
			_point.y = y + height*0.5;
			if(horizontalOnly || (_point.y == node.y))
			{
				velocity.x = (_point.x < node.x)?pathSpeed:-pathSpeed;
				if(velocity.x < 0)
					pathAngle = -90;
				else
					pathAngle = 90;
				if(!horizontalOnly)
					velocity.y = 0;
			}
			else if(verticalOnly || (_point.x == node.x))
			{
				velocity.y = (_point.y < node.y)?pathSpeed:-pathSpeed;
				if(velocity.y < 0)
					pathAngle = 0;
				else
					pathAngle = 180;
				if(!verticalOnly)
					velocity.x = 0;
			}
			else
			{
				pathAngle = HxlU.getAngle(_point,node);
				HxlU.rotatePoint(0,pathSpeed,0,0,pathAngle,velocity);
			}
			
			//then set object rotation if necessary
			if(_pathRotate)
			{
				angularVelocity = 0;
				angularAcceleration = 0;
				angle = pathAngle;
			}
		}			
	}
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if some <code>HxlObject</code> overlaps this <code>HxlObject</code> or <code>HxlGroup</code>.
	 * If the group has a LOT of things in it, it might be faster to use <code>HxlG.overlaps()</code>.
	 * WARNING: Currently tilemaps do NOT support screen space overlap checks!
	 * 
	 * @param	ObjectOrGroup	The object or group being tested.
	 * @param	InScreenSpace	Whether to take scroll factors into account when checking for overlap.  Default is false, or "only compare in world space."
	 * @param	Camera			Specify which game camera you want.  If null getScreenXY() will just grab the first global camera.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether or not the two objects overlap.
	 */
	public function overlaps(ObjectOrGroup:HxlBasic,InScreenSpace:Bool=false,Camera:HxlCamera=null):Bool
	{
		if(Std.is(ObjectOrGroup, HxlGroup))
		{
			var results:Bool = false;
			var i:UInt = 0;
			var members:Array = cast(ObjectOrGroup, HxlGroup).members;
			while(i < length)
			{
				if(overlaps(members[i++],InScreenSpace,Camera))
					results = true;
			}
			return results;
		}
		
		if(Type.getClass(ObjectOrGroup == HxlTilemap))
		{
			//Since tilemap's have to be the caller, not the target, to do proper tile-based collisions,
			// we redirect the call to the tilemap overlap here.
			return cast(ObjectOrGroup, HxlTilemap).overlaps(this,InScreenSpace,Camera);
		}
		
		var object:HxlObject = HxlBasic<ObjectOrGroup> cast HxlObject;
		if(!InScreenSpace)
		{
			return	(object.x + object.width > x) && (object.x < x + width) &&
					(object.y + object.height > y) && (object.y < y + height);
		}

		if(Camera == null)
			Camera = HxlG.camera;
		var objectScreenPos:HxlPoint = object.getScreenXY(null,Camera);
		getScreenXY(_point,Camera);
		return	(objectScreenPos.x + object.width > _point.x) && (objectScreenPos.x < _point.x + width) &&
				(objectScreenPos.y + object.height > _point.y) && (objectScreenPos.y < _point.y + height);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if this <code>HxlObject</code> were located at the given position, would it overlap the <code>HxlObject</code> or <code>HxlGroup</code>?
	 * This is distinct from overlapsPoint(), which just checks that point, rather than taking the object's size into account.
	 * WARNING: Currently tilemaps do NOT support screen space overlap checks!
	 * 
	 * @param	X				The X position you want to check.  Pretends this object (the caller, not the parameter) is located here.
	 * @param	Y				The Y position you want to check.  Pretends this object (the caller, not the parameter) is located here.
	 * @param	ObjectOrGroup	The object or group being tested.
	 * @param	InScreenSpace	Whether to take scroll factors into account when checking for overlap.  Default is false, or "only compare in world space."
	 * @param	Camera			Specify which game camera you want.  If null getScreenXY() will just grab the first global camera.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether or not the two objects overlap.
	 */
	public function overlapsAt(X:Float,Y:Float,ObjectOrGroup:HxlBasic,InScreenSpace:Bool=false,Camera:HxlCamera=null):Bool
	{
		if(Std.is(ObjectOrGroup, HxlGroup))
		{
			var results:Bool = false;
			var basic:HxlBasic;
			var i:UInt = 0;
			var members:Array = cast(ObjectOrGroup, HxlGroup).members;
			while(i < length)
			{
				if(overlapsAt(X,Y,members[i++],InScreenSpace,Camera))
					results = true;
			}
			return results;
		}
		
		if(Std.is(ObjectOrGroup, HxlTilemap))
		{
			//Since tilemap's have to be the caller, not the target, to do proper tile-based collisions,
			// we redirect the call to the tilemap overlap here.
			//However, since this is overlapsAt(), we also have to invent the appropriate position for the tilemap.
			//So we calculate the offset between the player and the requested position, and subtract that from the tilemap.
			var tilemap:HxlTilemap = HxlBasic<ObjectOrGroup> cast HxlTilemap;
			return tilemap.overlapsAt(tilemap.x - (X - x),tilemap.y - (Y - y),this,InScreenSpace,Camera);
		}
		
		var object:HxlObject = HxlBasic<ObjectOrGroup> cast HxlObject;
		if(!InScreenSpace)
		{
			return	(object.x + object.width > X) && (object.x < X + width) &&
					(object.y + object.height > Y) && (object.y < Y + height);
		}
		
		if(Camera == null)
			Camera = HxlG.camera;
		var objectScreenPos:HxlPoint = object.getScreenXY(null,Camera);
		_point.x = X - int(Camera.scroll.x*scrollFactor.x); //copied from getScreenXY()
		_point.y = Y - int(Camera.scroll.y*scrollFactor.y);
		_point.x += (_point.x > 0)?0.0000001:-0.0000001;
		_point.y += (_point.y > 0)?0.0000001:-0.0000001;
		return	(objectScreenPos.x + object.width > _point.x) && (objectScreenPos.x < _point.x + width) &&
			(objectScreenPos.y + object.height > _point.y) && (objectScreenPos.y < _point.y + height);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if a point in 2D world space overlaps this <code>HxlObject</code> object.
	 * 
	 * @param	Point			The point in world space you want to check.
	 * @param	InScreenSpace	Whether to take scroll factors into account when checking for overlap.
	 * @param	Camera			Specify which game camera you want.  If null getScreenXY() will just grab the first global camera.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether or not the point overlaps this object.
	 */
	public function overlapsPoint(Point:HxlPoint,InScreenSpace:Bool=false,Camera:HxlCamera=null):Bool
	{
		if(!InScreenSpace)
			return (Point.x > x) && (Point.x < x + width) && (Point.y > y) && (Point.y < y + height);

		if(Camera == null)
			Camera = HxlG.camera;
		var X:Float = Point.x - Camera.scroll.x;
		var Y:Float = Point.y - Camera.scroll.y;
		getScreenXY(_point,Camera);
		return (X > _point.x) && (X < _point.x+width) && (Y > _point.y) && (Y < _point.y+height);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Check and see if this object is currently on screen.
	 * 
	 * @param	Camera		Specify which game camera you want.  If null getScreenXY() will just grab the first global camera.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the object is on screen or not.
	 */
	public function onScreen(Camera:HxlCamera=null):Bool
	{
		if(Camera == null)
			Camera = HxlG.camera;
		getScreenXY(_point,Camera);
		return (_point.x + width > 0) && (_point.x < Camera.width) && (_point.y + height > 0) && (_point.y < Camera.height);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Call this function to figure out the on-screen position of the object.
	 * 
	 * @param	Camera		Specify which game camera you want.  If null getScreenXY() will just grab the first global camera.
	 * @param	Point		Takes a <code>HxlPoint</code> object and assigns the post-scrolled X and Y values of this object to it.
	 * 
	 * @return	The <code>Point</code> you passed in, or a new <code>Point</code> if you didn't pass one, containing the screen X and Y position of this object.
	 */
	public function getScreenXY(Point:HxlPoint=null,Camera:HxlCamera=null):HxlPoint
	{
		if(Point == null)
			Point = new HxlPoint();
		if(Camera == null)
			Camera = HxlG.camera;
		Point.x = x - int(Camera.scroll.x*scrollFactor.x);
		Point.y = y - int(Camera.scroll.y*scrollFactor.y);
		Point.x += (Point.x > 0)?0.0000001:-0.0000001;
		Point.y += (Point.y > 0)?0.0000001:-0.0000001;
		return Point;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Tells this object to flicker, retro-style.
	 * Pass a negative value to flicker forever.
	 * 
	 * @param	Duration	How many seconds to flicker for.
	 */
	public function flicker(Duration:Float=1):Void
	{
		_flickerTimer = Duration;
		if(_flickerTimer == 0)
			_flicker = false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Check to see if the object is still flickering.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the object is flickering or not.
	 */
	public function isFlickering():Bool
	{
		return _flickerTimer != 0;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Whether the object collides or not.  For more control over what directions
	 * the object will collide from, use collision constants (like LEFT, FLOOR, etc)
	 * to set the value of allowCollisions directly.
	 */
	public function getSolid():Bool
	{
		return (allowCollisions & ANY) > NONE;
	}
	
	/**
	 * @private
	 */
	public function setSolid(Solid:Bool):Void
	{
		if(Solid)
			allowCollisions = ANY;
		else
			allowCollisions = NONE;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Retrieve the midpoint of this object in world coordinates.
	 * 
	 * @Point	Allows you to pass in an existing <code>HxlPoint</code> object if you're so inclined.  Otherwise a new one is created.
	 * 
	 * @return	A <code>HxlPoint</code> object containing the midpoint of this object in world coordinates.
	 */
	public function getMidpoint(Point:HxlPoint=null):HxlPoint
	{
		if(Point == null)
			Point = new HxlPoint();
		Point.x = x + width*0.5;
		Point.y = y + height*0.5;
		return Point;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Handy function for reviving game objects.
	 * Resets their existence flags and position.
	 * 
	 * @param	X	The new X position of this object.
	 * @param	Y	The new Y position of this object.
	 */
	public function reset(X:Float,Y:Float):Void
	{
		revive();
		touching = NONE;
		wasTouching = NONE;
		x = X;
		y = Y;
		last.x = x;
		last.y = y;
		velocity.x = 0;
		velocity.y = 0;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Handy function for checking if this object is touching a particular surface.
	 * For slightly better performance you can just &amp; the value directly into <code>touching</code>.
	 * However, this method is good for readability and accessibility.
	 * 
	 * @param	Direction	Any of the collision flags (e.g. LEFT, FLOOR, etc).
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the object is touching an object in (any of) the specified direction(s) this frame.
	 */
	public function isTouching(Direction:UInt):Bool
	{
		return (touching & Direction) > NONE;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Handy function for checking if this object is just landed on a particular surface.
	 * 
	 * @param	Direction	Any of the collision flags (e.g. LEFT, FLOOR, etc).
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the object just landed on (any of) the specified surface(s) this frame.
	 */
	public function justTouched(Direction:UInt):Bool
	{
		return ((touching & Direction) > NONE) && ((wasTouching & Direction) <= NONE);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Reduces the "health" variable of this sprite by the amount specified in Damage.
	 * Calls kill() if health drops to or below zero.
	 * 
	 * @param	Damage		How much health to take away (use a negative number to give a health bonus).
	 */
	public function hurt(Damage:Float):Void
	{
		health = health - Damage;
		if(health <= 0)
			kill();
	}
	
	/**
	 * The main collision resolution function in flixel.
	 * 
	 * @param	Object1 	Any <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * @param	Object2		Any other <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the objects in fact touched and were separated.
	 */
	public static function separate(Object1:HxlObject, Object2:HxlObject):Bool
	{
		var separatedX:Bool = separateX(Object1,Object2);
		var separatedY:Bool = separateY(Object1,Object2);
		return separatedX || separatedY;
	}
	
	/**
	 * The X-axis component of the object separation process.
	 * 
	 * @param	Object1 	Any <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * @param	Object2		Any other <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the objects in fact touched and were separated along the X axis.
	 */
	public static function separateX(Object1:HxlObject, Object2:HxlObject):Bool
	{
		//can't separate two immovable objects
		var obj1immovable:Bool = Object1.immovable;
		var obj2immovable:Bool = Object2.immovable;
		if(obj1immovable && obj2immovable)
			return false;
		
		//If one of the objects is a tilemap, just pass it off.
		if(Std.is(Object1, HxlTilemap))
			return cast(Object1, HxlTilemap).overlapsWithCallback(Object2,separateX);
		if(Std.is(Object2, HxlTilemap))
			return cast(Object2, HxlTilemap).overlapsWithCallback(Object1,separateX,true);
		
		//First, get the two object deltas
		var overlap:Float = 0;
		var obj1delta:Float = Object1.x - Object1.last.x;
		var obj2delta:Float = Object2.x - Object2.last.x;
		if(obj1delta != obj2delta)
		{
			//Check if the X hulls actually overlap
			var obj1deltaAbs:Float = (obj1delta > 0)?obj1delta:-obj1delta;
			var obj2deltaAbs:Float = (obj2delta > 0)?obj2delta:-obj2delta;
			var obj1rect:HxlRect = new HxlRect(Object1.x-((obj1delta > 0)?obj1delta:0),Object1.last.y,Object1.width+((obj1delta > 0)?obj1delta:-obj1delta),Object1.height);
			var obj2rect:HxlRect = new HxlRect(Object2.x-((obj2delta > 0)?obj2delta:0),Object2.last.y,Object2.width+((obj2delta > 0)?obj2delta:-obj2delta),Object2.height);
			if((obj1rect.x + obj1rect.width > obj2rect.x) && (obj1rect.x < obj2rect.x + obj2rect.width) && (obj1rect.y + obj1rect.height > obj2rect.y) && (obj1rect.y < obj2rect.y + obj2rect.height))
			{
				var maxOverlap:Float = obj1deltaAbs + obj2deltaAbs + OVERLAP_BIAS;
				
				//If they did overlap (and can), figure out by how much and flip the corresponding flags
				if(obj1delta > obj2delta)
				{
					overlap = Object1.x + Object1.width - Object2.x;
					if((overlap > maxOverlap) || !(Object1.allowCollisions & RIGHT) || !(Object2.allowCollisions & LEFT))
						overlap = 0;
					else
					{
						Object1.touching |= RIGHT;
						Object2.touching |= LEFT;
					}
				}
				else if(obj1delta < obj2delta)
				{
					overlap = Object1.x - Object2.width - Object2.x;
					if((-overlap > maxOverlap) || !(Object1.allowCollisions & LEFT) || !(Object2.allowCollisions & RIGHT))
						overlap = 0;
					else
					{
						Object1.touching |= LEFT;
						Object2.touching |= RIGHT;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
		//Then adjust their positions and velocities accordingly (if there was any overlap)
		if(overlap != 0)
		{
			var obj1v:Float = Object1.velocity.x;
			var obj2v:Float = Object2.velocity.x;
			
			if(!obj1immovable && !obj2immovable)
			{
				overlap *= 0.5;
				Object1.x = Object1.x - overlap;
				Object2.x += overlap;

				var obj1velocity:Float = Math.sqrt((obj2v * obj2v * Object2.mass)/Object1.mass) * ((obj2v > 0)?1:-1);
				var obj2velocity:Float = Math.sqrt((obj1v * obj1v * Object1.mass)/Object2.mass) * ((obj1v > 0)?1:-1);
				var average:Float = (obj1velocity + obj2velocity)*0.5;
				obj1velocity -= average;
				obj2velocity -= average;
				Object1.velocity.x = average + obj1velocity * Object1.elasticity;
				Object2.velocity.x = average + obj2velocity * Object2.elasticity;
			}
			else if(!obj1immovable)
			{
				Object1.x = Object1.x - overlap;
				Object1.velocity.x = obj2v - obj1v*Object1.elasticity;
			}
			else if(!obj2immovable)
			{
				Object2.x += overlap;
				Object2.velocity.x = obj1v - obj2v*Object2.elasticity;
			}
			return true;
		}
		else
			return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * The Y-axis component of the object separation process.
	 * 
	 * @param	Object1 	Any <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * @param	Object2		Any other <code>HxlObject</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return	Whether the objects in fact touched and were separated along the Y axis.
	 */
	public static function separateY(Object1:HxlObject, Object2:HxlObject):Bool
	{
		//can't separate two immovable objects
		var obj1immovable:Bool = Object1.immovable;
		var obj2immovable:Bool = Object2.immovable;
		if(obj1immovable && obj2immovable)
			return false;
		
		//If one of the objects is a tilemap, just pass it off.
		if(Std.is(Object1, HxlTilemap))
			return cast(Object1, HxlTilemap).overlapsWithCallback(Object2,separateY);
		if(Std.is(Object2, HxlTilemap))
			return cast(Object2, HxlTilemap).overlapsWithCallback(Object1,separateY,true);

		//First, get the two object deltas
		var overlap:Float = 0;
		var obj1delta:Float = Object1.y - Object1.last.y;
		var obj2delta:Float = Object2.y - Object2.last.y;
		if(obj1delta != obj2delta)
		{
			//Check if the Y hulls actually overlap
			var obj1deltaAbs:Float = (obj1delta > 0)?obj1delta:-obj1delta;
			var obj2deltaAbs:Float = (obj2delta > 0)?obj2delta:-obj2delta;
			var obj1rect:HxlRect = new HxlRect(Object1.x,Object1.y-((obj1delta > 0)?obj1delta:0),Object1.width,Object1.height+obj1deltaAbs);
			var obj2rect:HxlRect = new HxlRect(Object2.x,Object2.y-((obj2delta > 0)?obj2delta:0),Object2.width,Object2.height+obj2deltaAbs);
			if((obj1rect.x + obj1rect.width > obj2rect.x) && (obj1rect.x < obj2rect.x + obj2rect.width) && (obj1rect.y + obj1rect.height > obj2rect.y) && (obj1rect.y < obj2rect.y + obj2rect.height))
			{
				var maxOverlap:Float = obj1deltaAbs + obj2deltaAbs + OVERLAP_BIAS;
				
				//If they did overlap (and can), figure out by how much and flip the corresponding flags
				if(obj1delta > obj2delta)
				{
					overlap = Object1.y + Object1.height - Object2.y;
					if((overlap > maxOverlap) || !(Object1.allowCollisions & DOWN) || !(Object2.allowCollisions & UP))
						overlap = 0;
					else
					{
						Object1.touching |= DOWN;
						Object2.touching |= UP;
					}
				}
				else if(obj1delta < obj2delta)
				{
					overlap = Object1.y - Object2.height - Object2.y;
					if((-overlap > maxOverlap) || !(Object1.allowCollisions & UP) || !(Object2.allowCollisions & DOWN))
						overlap = 0;
					else
					{
						Object1.touching |= UP;
						Object2.touching |= DOWN;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
		//Then adjust their positions and velocities accordingly (if there was any overlap)
		if(overlap != 0)
		{
			var obj1v:Float = Object1.velocity.y;
			var obj2v:Float = Object2.velocity.y;
			
			if(!obj1immovable && !obj2immovable)
			{
				overlap *= 0.5;
				Object1.y = Object1.y - overlap;
				Object2.y += overlap;

				var obj1velocity:Float = Math.sqrt((obj2v * obj2v * Object2.mass)/Object1.mass) * ((obj2v > 0)?1:-1);
				var obj2velocity:Float = Math.sqrt((obj1v * obj1v * Object1.mass)/Object2.mass) * ((obj1v > 0)?1:-1);
				var average:Float = (obj1velocity + obj2velocity)*0.5;
				obj1velocity -= average;
				obj2velocity -= average;
				Object1.velocity.y = average + obj1velocity * Object1.elasticity;
				Object2.velocity.y = average + obj2velocity * Object2.elasticity;
			}
			else if(!obj1immovable)
			{
				Object1.y = Object1.y - overlap;
				Object1.velocity.y = obj2v - obj1v*Object1.elasticity;
				//This is special case code that handles cases like horizontal moving platforms you can ride
				if(Object2.active && Object2.moves && (obj1delta > obj2delta))
					Object1.x += Object2.x - Object2.last.x;
			}
			else if(!obj2immovable)
			{
				Object2.y += overlap;
				Object2.velocity.y = obj1v - obj2v*Object2.elasticity;
				//This is special case code that handles cases like horizontal moving platforms you can ride
				if(Object1.active && Object1.moves && (obj1delta < obj2delta))
					Object2.x += Object1.x - Object1.last.x;
			}
			return true;
		}
		else
			return false;
	}
}