/user_guide/installation/upgrade_300.html

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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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  6.   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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  7.   
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  8.   <title>Upgrading from 2.2.x to 3.0.x &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.8 documentation</title>
    9. 

  9.   
    10. 

  10. 

  11.   
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  12.   
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  13.     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
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  17.   <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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  26.   
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  27.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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  30.   
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  31.         <link rel="index" title="Index"
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  32.               href="../genindex.html"/>
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  33.         <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
    34. 

  34.     <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.8 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
    35. 

  35.         <link rel="up" title="Upgrading From a Previous Version" href="upgrading.html"/>
    36. 

  36.         <link rel="next" title="Upgrading from 2.2.2 to 2.2.3" href="upgrade_223.html"/>
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  37.         <link rel="prev" title="Upgrading from 3.0.0 to 3.0.1" href="upgrade_301.html"/> 
    38. 

  38. 

  39.   
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  40.   <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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  41. 

  42. </head>
    43. 

  43. 

  44. <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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  46.   <div id="nav">
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  47.   <div id="nav_inner">
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  48.     
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  49.     
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  50.     
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  51.       <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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  52.         <ul>
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  53. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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    55. 

  55. <ul class="current">
    56. 

  56. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul class="current">
    57. 

  57. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    58. 

  58. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    59. 

  59. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    60. 

  60. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    61. 

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  62. </li>
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  65. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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    68. 

  68. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    69. 

  69. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    70. 

  70. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    71. 

  71. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    72. 

  72. </ul>
    73. 

  73. </li>
    74. 

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    75. 

  75. <ul>
    76. 

  76. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    77. 

  77. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    78. 

  78. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    79. 

  79. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    80. 

  80. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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  81. </ul>
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  82. </li>
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    84. 

  84. <ul>
    85. 

  85. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    86. 

  86. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    87. 

  87. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    88. 

  88. </ul>
    89. 

  89. </li>
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    91. 

  91. <ul>
    92. 

  92. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    93. 

  93. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    94. 

  94. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    95. 

  95. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    96. 

  96. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    97. 

  97. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    98. 

  98. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    99. 

  99. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    100. 

  100. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    101. 

  101. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    102. 

  102. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    103. 

  103. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    104. 

  104. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    105. 

  105. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    106. 

  106. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    107. 

  107. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    108. 

  108. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    109. 

  109. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    110. 

  110. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    111. 

  111. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    112. 

  112. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    113. 

  113. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    114. 

  114. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    115. 

  115. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    116. 

  116. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    117. 

  117. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    118. 

  118. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    119. 

  119. </ul>
    120. 

  120. </li>
    121. 

  121. </ul>
    122. 

  122. <ul>
    123. 

  123. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    124. 

  124. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    125. 

  125. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    126. 

  126. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    127. 

  127. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    128. 

  128. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    129. 

  129. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    130. 

  130. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    131. 

  131. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    132. 

  132. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    133. 

  133. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    134. 

  134. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    135. 

  135. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    136. 

  136. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    137. 

  137. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    138. 

  138. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    139. 

  139. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    140. 

  140. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    141. 

  141. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    142. 

  142. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    143. 

  143. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    144. 

  144. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    145. 

  145. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    146. 

  146. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    147. 

  147. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    148. 

  148. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    149. 

  149. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    150. 

  150. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    151. 

  151. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    152. 

  152. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    153. 

  153. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    154. 

  154. </ul>
    155. 

  155. </li>
    156. 

  156. </ul>
    157. 

  157. <ul>
    158. 

  158. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    159. 

  159. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    160. 

  160. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    161. 

  161. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    162. 

  162. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    163. 

  163. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    164. 

  164. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    165. 

  165. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    166. 

  166. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    167. 

  167. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    168. 

  168. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    169. 

  169. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    170. 

  170. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    171. 

  171. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    172. 

  172. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    173. 

  173. </ul>
    174. 

  174. </li>
    175. 

  175. </ul>
    176. 

  176. <ul>
    177. 

  177. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    178. 

  178. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    179. 

  179. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    180. 

  180. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    181. 

  181. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    182. 

  182. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    183. 

  183. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    184. 

  184. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    185. 

  185. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    186. 

  186. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    187. 

  187. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    188. 

  188. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    189. 

  189. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    190. 

  190. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    191. 

  191. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    192. 

  192. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    193. 

  193. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    194. 

  194. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    195. 

  195. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    196. 

  196. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    197. 

  197. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    198. 

  198. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    199. 

  199. </ul>
    200. 

  200. </li>
    201. 

  201. </ul>
    202. 

  202. 

  203.       </div>
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  204.     
    205. 

  205.       
    206. 

  206.   </div>
    207. 

  207. </div>
    208. 

  208. <div id="nav2">
    209. 

  209.   <a href="#" id="openToc">
    210. 

  210.     <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
    211. 

  211.   </a>
    212. 

  212. </div>
    213. 

  213. 

  214.   <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
    215. 

  215. 

  216.     
    217. 

  217.     <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
    218. 

  218.       <div class="wy-side-nav-search">
    219. 

  219.         
    220. 

  220.           <a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
    221. 

  221.         
    222. 

  222.         
    223. 

  223. <div role="search">
    224. 

  224.   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
    225. 

  225.     <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
    226. 

  226.     <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
    227. 

  227.     <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    228. 

  228.   </form>
    229. 

  229. </div>
    230. 

  230.       </div>
    231. 

  231. 

  232.       <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
    233. 

  233.         
    234. 

  234.           
    235. 

  235.           
    236. 

  236.               <ul>
    237. 

  237. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    238. 

  238. </ul>
    239. 

  239. <ul class="current">
    240. 

  240. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul class="current">
    241. 

  241. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    242. 

  242. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    243. 

  243. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    244. 

  244. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    245. 

  245. </ul>
    246. 

  246. </li>
    247. 

  247. </ul>
    248. 

  248. <ul>
    249. 

  249. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    250. 

  250. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    251. 

  251. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    252. 

  252. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    253. 

  253. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    254. 

  254. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    255. 

  255. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    256. 

  256. </ul>
    257. 

  257. </li>
    258. 

  258. </ul>
    259. 

  259. <ul>
    260. 

  260. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    261. 

  261. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    262. 

  262. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    263. 

  263. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    264. 

  264. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    265. 

  265. </ul>
    266. 

  266. </li>
    267. 

  267. </ul>
    268. 

  268. <ul>
    269. 

  269. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    270. 

  270. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    271. 

  271. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    272. 

  272. </ul>
    273. 

  273. </li>
    274. 

  274. </ul>
    275. 

  275. <ul>
    276. 

  276. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    277. 

  277. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    278. 

  278. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    279. 

  279. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    280. 

  280. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    281. 

  281. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    282. 

  282. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    283. 

  283. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    284. 

  284. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    285. 

  285. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    286. 

  286. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    287. 

  287. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    288. 

  288. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    289. 

  289. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    290. 

  290. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    291. 

  291. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    292. 

  292. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    293. 

  293. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    294. 

  294. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    295. 

  295. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    296. 

  296. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    297. 

  297. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    298. 

  298. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    299. 

  299. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    300. 

  300. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    301. 

  301. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    302. 

  302. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    303. 

  303. </ul>
    304. 

  304. </li>
    305. 

  305. </ul>
    306. 

  306. <ul>
    307. 

  307. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    308. 

  308. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    309. 

  309. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    310. 

  310. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    311. 

  311. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    312. 

  312. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    313. 

  313. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    314. 

  314. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    315. 

  315. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    316. 

  316. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    317. 

  317. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    318. 

  318. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    319. 

  319. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    320. 

  320. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    321. 

  321. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    322. 

  322. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    323. 

  323. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    324. 

  324. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    325. 

  325. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    326. 

  326. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    327. 

  327. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    328. 

  328. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    329. 

  329. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    330. 

  330. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    331. 

  331. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    332. 

  332. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    333. 

  333. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    334. 

  334. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    335. 

  335. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    336. 

  336. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    337. 

  337. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    338. 

  338. </ul>
    339. 

  339. </li>
    340. 

  340. </ul>
    341. 

  341. <ul>
    342. 

  342. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    343. 

  343. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    344. 

  344. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    345. 

  345. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    346. 

  346. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    347. 

  347. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    348. 

  348. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    349. 

  349. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    350. 

  350. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    351. 

  351. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    352. 

  352. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    353. 

  353. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    354. 

  354. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    355. 

  355. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    356. 

  356. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    357. 

  357. </ul>
    358. 

  358. </li>
    359. 

  359. </ul>
    360. 

  360. <ul>
    361. 

  361. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    362. 

  362. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    363. 

  363. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    364. 

  364. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    365. 

  365. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    366. 

  366. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    367. 

  367. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    368. 

  368. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    369. 

  369. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    370. 

  370. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    371. 

  371. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    372. 

  372. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    373. 

  373. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    374. 

  374. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    375. 

  375. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    376. 

  376. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    377. 

  377. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    378. 

  378. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    379. 

  379. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    380. 

  380. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    381. 

  381. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    382. 

  382. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    383. 

  383. </ul>
    384. 

  384. </li>
    385. 

  385. </ul>
    386. 

  386. 

  387.           
    388. 

  388.         
    389. 

  389.       </div>
    390. 

  390.       &nbsp;
    391. 

  391.     </nav>
    392. 

  392. 

  393.     <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
    394. 

  394. 

  395.       
    396. 

  396.       <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
    397. 

  397.         <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
    398. 

  398.         <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
    399. 

  399.       </nav>
    400. 

  400. 

  401. 

  402.       
    403. 

  403.       <div class="wy-nav-content">
    404. 

  404.         <div class="rst-content">
    405. 

  405.           <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
    406. 

  406.   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
    407. 

  407.     <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
    408. 

  408.       
    409. 

  409.         <li><a href="index.html">Installation Instructions</a> &raquo;</li>
    410. 

  410.       
    411. 

  411.         <li><a href="upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a> &raquo;</li>
    412. 

  412.       
    413. 

  413.     <li>Upgrading from 2.2.x to 3.0.x</li>
    414. 

  414.     <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
    415. 

  415.       
    416. 

  416.     </li>
    417. 

  417.     <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
    418. 

  418.       <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
    419. 

  419.     </div>
    420. 

  420.   </ul>
    421. 

  421.   <hr/>
    422. 

  422. </div>
    423. 

  423.           <div role="main" class="document">
    424. 

  424.             
    425. 

  425.   <div class="section" id="upgrading-from-2-2-x-to-3-0-x">
    426. 

  426. <h1>Upgrading from 2.2.x to 3.0.x<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading-from-2-2-x-to-3-0-x" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
    427. 

  427. <p>Before performing an update you should take your site offline by replacing the index.php file with a static one.</p>
    428. 

  428. <div class="section" id="step-1-update-your-codeigniter-files">
    429. 

  429. <h2>Step 1: Update your CodeIgniter files<a class="headerlink" href="#step-1-update-your-codeigniter-files" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    430. 

  430. <p><strong>Replace</strong> all files and directories in your <em>system/</em> directory and
    431. 

  431. replace your index.php file. If any modifications were made to your
    432. 

  432. index.php they will need to be made fresh in this new one.</p>
    433. 

  433. <div class="admonition important">
    434. 

  434. <p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
    435. 

  435. <p class="last">You have to delete the old <em>system/</em> directory first and
    436. 

  436. then put the new one in its place. A simple copy-paste may cause
    437. 

  437. issues.</p>
    438. 

  438. </div>
    439. 

  439. <div class="admonition note">
    440. 

  440. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    441. 

  441. <p class="last">If you have any custom developed files in these folders please
    442. 

  442. make copies of them first.</p>
    443. 

  443. </div>
    444. 

  444. </div>
    445. 

  445. <div class="section" id="step-2-update-your-classes-file-names">
    446. 

  446. <h2>Step 2: Update your classes file names<a class="headerlink" href="#step-2-update-your-classes-file-names" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    447. 

  447. <p>Starting with CodeIgniter 3.0, all class filenames (libraries, drivers, controllers
    448. 

  448. and models) must be named in a Ucfirst-like manner or in other words - they must
    449. 

  449. start with a capital letter.</p>
    450. 

  450. <p>For example, if you have the following library file:</p>
    451. 

  451. <blockquote>
    452. 

  452. <div>application/libraries/mylibrary.php</div></blockquote>
    453. 

  453. <p>… then you’ll have to rename it to:</p>
    454. 

  454. <blockquote>
    455. 

  455. <div>application/libraries/Mylibrary.php</div></blockquote>
    456. 

  456. <p>The same goes for driver libraries and extensions and/or overrides of CodeIgniter’s
    457. 

  457. own libraries and core classes.</p>
    458. 

  458. <blockquote>
    459. 

  459. <div>application/libraries/MY_email.php
    460. 

  460. application/core/MY_log.php</div></blockquote>
    461. 

  461. <p>The above files should respectively be renamed to the following:</p>
    462. 

  462. <blockquote>
    463. 

  463. <div>application/libraries/MY_Email.php
    464. 

  464. application/core/MY_Log.php</div></blockquote>
    465. 

  465. <p>Controllers:</p>
    466. 

  466. <blockquote>
    467. 

  467. <div>application/controllers/welcome.php     -&gt;      application/controllers/Welcome.php</div></blockquote>
    468. 

  468. <p>Models:</p>
    469. 

  469. <blockquote>
    470. 

  470. <div>application/models/misc_model.php       -&gt;      application/models/Misc_model.php</div></blockquote>
    471. 

  471. <p>Please note that this DOES NOT affect directories, configuration files, views,
    472. 

  472. helpers, hooks and anything else - it is only applied to classes.</p>
    473. 

  473. <p>You must now follow just one simple rule - class names in Ucfirst and everything else
    474. 

  474. in lowercase.</p>
    475. 

  475. </div>
    476. 

  476. <div class="section" id="step-3-replace-config-mimes-php">
    477. 

  477. <h2>Step 3: Replace config/mimes.php<a class="headerlink" href="#step-3-replace-config-mimes-php" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    478. 

  478. <p>This config file has been updated to contain more user mime-types, please copy
    479. 

  479. it to <em>application/config/mimes.php</em>.</p>
    480. 

  480. </div>
    481. 

  481. <div class="section" id="step-4-remove-autoload-core-from-your-config-autoload-php">
    482. 

  482. <h2>Step 4: Remove $autoload[‘core’] from your config/autoload.php<a class="headerlink" href="#step-4-remove-autoload-core-from-your-config-autoload-php" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    483. 

  483. <p>Use of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$autoload['core']</span></code> config array has been deprecated as of CodeIgniter 1.4.1 and is now removed.
    484. 

  484. Move any entries that you might have listed there to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$autoload['libraries']</span></code> instead.</p>
    485. 

  485. </div>
    486. 

  486. <div class="section" id="step-5-move-your-log-class-overrides-or-extensions">
    487. 

  487. <h2>Step 5: Move your Log class overrides or extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#step-5-move-your-log-class-overrides-or-extensions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    488. 

  488. <p>The Log Class is considered as a “core” class and is now located in the
    489. 

  489. <strong>system/core/</strong> directory. Therefore, in order for your Log class overrides
    490. 

  490. or extensions to work, you need to move them to <strong>application/core/</strong>:</p>
    491. 

  491. <blockquote>
    492. 

  492. <div>application/libraries/Log.php -&gt; application/core/Log.php
    493. 

  493. application/libraries/MY_Log.php -&gt; application/core/MY_Log.php</div></blockquote>
    494. 

  494. </div>
    495. 

  495. <div class="section" id="step-6-update-your-session-library-usage">
    496. 

  496. <h2>Step 6: Update your Session library usage<a class="headerlink" href="#step-6-update-your-session-library-usage" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    497. 

  497. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html"><span class="doc">Session Library</span></a> has been completely
    498. 

  498. re-written in CodeIgniter 3 and now comes with a bunch of new features,
    499. 

  499. but that also means that there are changes that you should make …</p>
    500. 

  500. <p>Most notably, the library now uses separate storage drivers instead of
    501. 

  501. always relying on (encrypted) cookies.
    502. 

  502. In fact, cookies as storage have now been removed and you must always use
    503. 

  503. some kind of server-side storage engine, with the file-system being the
    504. 

  504. default option.</p>
    505. 

  505. <p>The Session Class now utilizes PHP’s own mechanisms for building custom
    506. 

  506. session handlers, which also means that your session data is now
    507. 

  507. accessible via the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal (though, we’ve kept the
    508. 

  508. possibility to use it as “userdata”, like you’ve done until now).</p>
    509. 

  509. <p>A few configuration options have been removed and a few have been added.
    510. 

  510. You should really read the whole <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html"><span class="doc">Session library manual</span></a> for the details, but here’s a short list of changes
    511. 

  511. that you should make:</p>
    512. 

  512. <blockquote>
    513. 

  513. <div><ul>
    514. 

  514. <li><p class="first">Set your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_driver']</span></code> value</p>
    515. 

  515. <p>It will default to ‘files’, unless you’ve previously used
    516. 

  516. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_use_database']</span></code>, in which case it will be set to
    517. 

  517. ‘database’.</p>
    518. 

  518. </li>
    519. 

  519. <li><p class="first">Set a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_save_path']</span></code> value</p>
    520. 

  520. <p>For the ‘database’ driver, a fallback to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_table_name']</span></code>
    521. 

  521. is in place, but otherwise requires you to read the manual for the
    522. 

  522. specific driver of your choice.</p>
    523. 

  523. </li>
    524. 

  524. <li><p class="first">Update your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ci_sessions</span></code> table (‘database’ driver only)</p>
    525. 

  525. <p>The table structure has changed a bit, and more specifically:</p>
    526. 

  526. <blockquote>
    527. 

  527. <div><ul class="simple">
    528. 

  528. <li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session_id</span></code> field is renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">id</span></code></li>
    529. 

  529. <li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_agent</span></code> field is dropped</li>
    530. 

  530. <li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_data</span></code> field is renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">data</span></code> and under MySQL is now of type BLOB</li>
    531. 

  531. <li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">last_activity</span></code> field is renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code></li>
    532. 

  532. </ul>
    533. 

  533. </div></blockquote>
    534. 

  534. <p>This is accompanied by a slight change in the table indexes too, so
    535. 

  535. please read the manual about the <a class="reference external" href="../libraries/sessions.html#database-driver">Session Database Driver</a> for more information.</p>
    536. 

  536. <div class="admonition important">
    537. 

  537. <p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
    538. 

  538. <p class="last">Only MySQL and PostgreSQL are officially supported
    539. 

  539. now. Other databases may still work, but due to lack of advisory
    540. 

  540. locking features, they are unsafe for concurrent requests and
    541. 

  541. you should consider using another driver instead.</p>
    542. 

  542. </div>
    543. 

  543. </li>
    544. 

  544. <li><p class="first">Remove <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_match_useragent']</span></code></p>
    545. 

  545. <p>The user-agent string is input supplied by the user’s browser, or in
    546. 

  546. other words: client side input. As such, it is an ineffective feature
    547. 

  547. and hence why it has been removed.</p>
    548. 

  548. </li>
    549. 

  549. <li><p class="first">Remove <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_encrypt_cookie']</span></code></p>
    550. 

  550. <p>As already noted, the library no longer uses cookies as a storage
    551. 

  551. mechanism, which renders this option useless.</p>
    552. 

  552. </li>
    553. 

  553. <li><p class="first">Remove <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_expire_on_close']</span></code></p>
    554. 

  554. <p>This option is still usable, but only for backwards compatibility
    555. 

  555. purposes and it should be otherwise removed. The same effect is
    556. 

  556. achieved by setting <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_expiration']</span></code> to 0.</p>
    557. 

  557. </li>
    558. 

  558. <li><p class="first">Check “flashdata” for collisions with “userdata”</p>
    559. 

  559. <p>Flashdata is now just regular “userdata”, only marked for deletion on
    560. 

  560. the next request. In other words: you can’t have both “userdata” and
    561. 

  561. “flashdata” with the same name, because it’s the same thing.</p>
    562. 

  562. </li>
    563. 

  563. <li><p class="first">Check usage of session metadata</p>
    564. 

  564. <p>Previously, you could access the ‘session_id’, ‘ip_address’,
    565. 

  565. ‘user_agent’ and ‘last_activity’ metadata items as userdata.
    566. 

  566. This is no longer possible, and you should read the notes about
    567. 

  567. <a class="reference external" href="../libraries/sessions.html#accessing-session-metadata">Session Metadata</a>
    568. 

  568. if your application relies on those values.</p>
    569. 

  569. </li>
    570. 

  570. <li><p class="first">Check <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset_userdata()</span></code> usage</p>
    571. 

  571. <p>Previously, this method used to accept an associative array of
    572. 

  572. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'key'</span> <span class="pre">=&gt;</span> <span class="pre">'dummy</span> <span class="pre">value'</span></code> pairs for unsetting multiple keys. That
    573. 

  573. however makes no sense and you now have to pass <em>only</em> the keys, as
    574. 

  574. the elements of an array.</p>
    575. 

  575. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old</span>
    576. 

  576. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unset_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item2&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
    577. 

  577. 

  578. <span class="c1">// New</span>
    579. 

  579. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unset_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item2&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
    580. 

  580. </pre></div>
    581. 

  581. </div>
    582. 

  582. </li>
    583. 

  583. </ul>
    584. 

  584. </div></blockquote>
    585. 

  585. <p>Finally, if you have written a Session extension, you must now move it to
    586. 

  586. the <em>application/libraries/Session/</em> directory, although chances are that
    587. 

  587. it will now also have to be re-factored.</p>
    588. 

  588. </div>
    589. 

  589. <div class="section" id="step-7-update-your-config-database-php">
    590. 

  590. <h2>Step 7: Update your config/database.php<a class="headerlink" href="#step-7-update-your-config-database-php" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    591. 

  591. <p>Due to 3.0.0’s renaming of Active Record to Query Builder, inside your
    592. 

  592. <strong>config/database.php</strong>, you will need to rename the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$active_record</span></code>
    593. 

  593. variable to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$query_builder</span></code>:</p>
    594. 

  594. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$active_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    595. 

  595. <span class="c1">// $active_record = TRUE;</span>
    596. 

  596. <span class="nv">$query_builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
    597. 

  597. </pre></div>
    598. 

  598. </div>
    599. 

  599. </div>
    600. 

  600. <div class="section" id="step-8-replace-your-error-templates">
    601. 

  601. <h2>Step 8: Replace your error templates<a class="headerlink" href="#step-8-replace-your-error-templates" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    602. 

  602. <p>In CodeIgniter 3.0, the error templates are now considered as views and have been moved to the
    603. 

  603. <em>application/views/errors</em> directory.</p>
    604. 

  604. <p>Furthermore, we’ve added support for CLI error templates in plain-text format that unlike HTML,
    605. 

  605. is suitable for the command line. This of course requires another level of separation.</p>
    606. 

  606. <p>It is safe to move your old templates from <em>application/errors</em> to <em>application/views/errors/html</em>,
    607. 

  607. but you’ll have to copy the new <em>application/views/errors/cli</em> directory from the CodeIgniter archive.</p>
    608. 

  608. </div>
    609. 

  609. <div class="section" id="step-9-update-your-config-routes-php-file">
    610. 

  610. <h2>Step 9: Update your config/routes.php file<a class="headerlink" href="#step-9-update-your-config-routes-php-file" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
    611. 

  611. <div class="section" id="routes-containing-any">
    612. 

  612. <h3>Routes containing :any<a class="headerlink" href="#routes-containing-any" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
    613. 

  613. <p>Historically, CodeIgniter has always provided the <strong>:any</strong> wildcard in
    614. 

  614. routing, with the intention of providing a way to match any character
    615. 

  615. <strong>within</strong> an URI segment.</p>
    616. 

  616. <p>However, the <strong>:any</strong> wildcard is actually just an alias for a regular
    617. 

  617. expression and used to be executed in that manner as <strong>.+</strong>. This is
    618. 

  618. considered a bug, as it also matches the / (forward slash) character, which
    619. 

  619. is the URI segment delimiter and that was never the intention.</p>
    620. 

  620. <p>In CodeIgniter 3, the <strong>:any</strong> wildcard will now represent <strong>[^/]+</strong>, so
    621. 

  621. that it will not match a forward slash.</p>
    622. 

  622. <p>There are certainly many developers that have utilized this bug as an actual
    623. 

  623. feature. If you’re one of them and want to match a forward slash, please use
    624. 

  624. the <strong>.+</strong> regular expression:</p>
    625. 

  625. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">.+</span><span class="p">)</span>    <span class="c1">// matches ANYTHING</span>
    626. 

  626. <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">any</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1">// matches any character, except for &#39;/&#39;</span>
    627. 

  627. </pre></div>
    628. 

  628. </div>
    629. 

  629. </div>
    630. 

  630. <div class="section" id="directories-and-default-controller-404-override">
    631. 

  631. <h3>Directories and ‘default_controller’, ‘404_override’<a class="headerlink" href="#directories-and-default-controller-404-override" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
    632. 

  632. <p>As you should know, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route['default_controller']</span></code> and
    633. 

  633. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route['404_override']</span></code> settings accept not only a controller name, but
    634. 

  634. also <em>controller/method</em> pairs. However, a bug in the routing logic has
    635. 

  635. made it possible for some users to use that as <em>directory/controller</em>
    636. 

  636. instead.</p>
    637. 

  637. <p>As already said, this behavior was incidental and was never intended, nor
    638. 

  638. documented. If you’ve relied on it, your application will break with
    639. 

  639. CodeIgniter 3.0.</p>
    640. 

  640. <p>Another notable change in version 3 is that ‘default_controller’ and
    641. 

  641. ‘404_override’ are now applied <em>per directory</em>. To explain what this means,
    642. 

  642. let’s take the following example:</p>
    643. 

  643. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;main&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    644. 

  644. </pre></div>
    645. 

  645. </div>
    646. 

  646. <p>Now, assuming that your website is located at <em>example.com</em>, you already
    647. 

  647. know that if a user visits <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/</span></code>, the above setting will
    648. 

  648. cause your ‘Main’ controller to be loaded.</p>
    649. 

  649. <p>However, what happens if you have an <em>application/controllers/admin/</em>
    650. 

  650. directory and the user visits <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/admin/</span></code>?
    651. 

  651. In CodeIgniter 3, the router will loo…
    652.