/DICK.B1/IronPython.Modules/nt.cs

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/* ****************************************************************************

 *

 * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. 

 *

 * This source code is subject to terms and conditions of the Microsoft Public License. A 

 * copy of the license can be found in the License.html file at the root of this distribution. If 

 * you cannot locate the  Microsoft Public License, please send an email to 

 * ironpy@microsoft.com. By using this source code in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound 

 * by the terms of the Microsoft Public License.

 *

 * You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.

 *

 *

 * ***************************************************************************/





using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Globalization;

using System.IO;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Security.Cryptography;



using Microsoft.Scripting;

using Microsoft.Scripting.Runtime;

using Microsoft.Scripting.Utils;



using IronPython.Runtime;

using IronPython.Runtime.Exceptions;

using IronPython.Runtime.Operations;

using IronPython.Runtime.Types;



#if CLR2

using Microsoft.Scripting.Math;

#else

using System.Numerics;

#endif



[assembly: PythonModule("nt", typeof(IronPython.Modules.PythonNT))]

namespace IronPython.Modules {

    public static class PythonNT {

        public const string __doc__ = "Provides low-level operationg system access for files, the environment, etc...";

#if !SILVERLIGHT

        private static Dictionary<int, Process> _processToIdMapping = new Dictionary<int, Process>();

        private static List<int> _freeProcessIds = new List<int>();

        private static int _processCount;

#endif



        #region Public API Surface



#if !SILVERLIGHT // FailFast

        public static void abort() {            

            System.Environment.FailFast("IronPython os.abort");

        }

#endif



        /// <summary>

        /// Checks for the specific permissions, provided by the mode parameter, are available for the provided path.  Permissions can be:

        /// 

        /// F_OK: Check to see if the file exists

        /// R_OK | W_OK | X_OK: Check for the specific permissions.  Only W_OK is respected.

        /// </summary>

        public static bool access(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string path, int mode) {

            if (path == null) throw PythonOps.TypeError("expected string, got None");



            if (mode == F_OK) {

                return context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform.FileExists(path);

            }

#if !SILVERLIGHT

            // match the behavior of the VC C Runtime

            FileAttributes fa = File.GetAttributes(path);

            if ((fa & FileAttributes.Directory) != 0) {

                // directories have read & write access

                return true;

            }



            if ((fa & FileAttributes.ReadOnly) != 0 && (mode & W_OK) != 0) {

                // want to write but file is read-only

                return false;

            }



            return true;

#else

            return false;

#endif

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT // SetCurrentDirectory, FileInfo

        public static void chdir([NotNull]string path) {

            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(path)) {

                throw PythonExceptions.CreateThrowable(WindowsError, PythonExceptions._WindowsError.ERROR_INVALID_NAME, "Path cannot be an empty string");

            }



            try {

                Directory.SetCurrentDirectory(path);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }

        }



        public static void chmod(string path, int mode) {

            FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);

            if ((mode & S_IWRITE) != 0) {

                fi.Attributes &= ~(FileAttributes.ReadOnly);

            } else {

                fi.Attributes |= FileAttributes.ReadOnly;

            }

        }

#endif



        public static void close(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int fd) {

            PythonContext pythonContext = PythonContext.GetContext(context);

            PythonFile pf = pythonContext.FileManager.GetFileFromId(pythonContext, fd);

            pf.close();

        }

        

#if !SILVERLIGHT

        /// <summary>

        /// single instance of environment dictionary is shared between multiple runtimes because the environment

        /// is shared by multiple runtimes.

        /// </summary>

        public static readonly object environ = new PythonDictionary(new EnvironmentDictionaryStorage());

#endif



        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2104:DoNotDeclareReadOnlyMutableReferenceTypes")]

        public static readonly PythonType error = Builtin.OSError;



        public static void _exit(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int code) {

            PythonContext.GetContext(context).DomainManager.Platform.TerminateScriptExecution(code);

        }



        public static object fdopen(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int fd) {

            return fdopen(context, fd, "r");

        }



        public static object fdopen(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int fd, string mode) {

            return fdopen(context, fd, mode, 0);

        }



        public static object fdopen(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int fd, string mode, int bufsize) {

            // check for a valid file mode...

            PythonFile.ValidateMode(mode);



            PythonContext pythonContext = PythonContext.GetContext(context);

            PythonFile pf = pythonContext.FileManager.GetFileFromId(pythonContext, fd);

            return pf;

        }



        public static object fstat(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int fd) {

            PythonContext pythonContext = PythonContext.GetContext(context);

            PythonFile pf = pythonContext.FileManager.GetFileFromId(pythonContext, fd);

            if (pf.IsConsole) {

                return new stat_result(8192);

            }

            return lstat(pf.name);

        }



        public static string getcwd(CodeContext/*!*/ context) {

            return context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform.CurrentDirectory;

        }



        public static string getcwdu(CodeContext/*!*/ context) {

            return context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform.CurrentDirectory;

        }



        public static string _getfullpathname(CodeContext/*!*/ context, [NotNull]string/*!*/ dir) {

            PlatformAdaptationLayer pal = context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform;



            try {

                return context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform.GetFullPath(dir);

            } catch (ArgumentException) {

                // .NET validates the path, CPython doesn't... so we replace invalid chars with 

                // Char.Maxvalue, get the full path, and then replace the Char.Maxvalue's back w/ 

                // their original value.

                string newdir = dir;

                

                if (IsWindows()) {

                    if (newdir.Length >= 2 && newdir[1] == ':' && 

                        (newdir[0] < 'a' || newdir[0] > 'z') && (newdir[0] < 'A' || newdir[0] > 'Z')) {

                        // invalid drive, .NET will reject this

                        if (newdir.Length == 2) {

                            return newdir + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;

                        } else if (newdir[2] == Path.DirectorySeparatorChar) {

                            return newdir;

                        } else {

                            return newdir.Substring(0, 2) + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + newdir.Substring(2);

                        }

                    }

                    if (newdir.Length > 2 && newdir.IndexOf(':', 2) != -1) {

                        // : is an invalid char if it's not in the 2nd position

                        newdir = newdir.Substring(0, 2) + newdir.Substring(2).Replace(':', Char.MaxValue);

                    }



                    if (newdir.Length > 0 && newdir[0] == ':') {

                        newdir = Char.MaxValue + newdir.Substring(1);

                    }

                }



                foreach (char c in Path.GetInvalidPathChars()) {

                    newdir = newdir.Replace(c, Char.MaxValue);

                }

                

                // walk backwards through the path replacing the same characters.  We should have

                // only updated the directory leaving the filename which we're fixing.

                string res = context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform.GetFullPath(newdir);

                int curDir = dir.Length;

                for (int curRes = res.Length - 1; curRes >= 0; curRes--) {

                    if (res[curRes] == Char.MaxValue) {

                        for (curDir--; curDir >= 0; curDir--) {

                            if (newdir[curDir] == Char.MaxValue) {

                                res = res.Substring(0, curRes) + dir[curDir] + res.Substring(curRes + 1);

                                break;

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }



                return res;

            }

        }



        private static bool IsWindows() {

            return Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT ||

                Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32S ||

                Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32Windows;

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        public static int getpid() {

            return System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id;

        }

#endif



        public static List listdir(CodeContext/*!*/ context, [NotNull]string path) {

            if (path == String.Empty) {

                path = ".";

            }



            List ret = PythonOps.MakeList();

            try {

                addBase(context.LanguageContext.DomainManager.Platform.GetFileSystemEntries(path, "*"), ret);

                return ret;

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }

        }



        // 

        // lstat(path) -> stat result

        // Like stat(path), but do not follow symbolic links.

        // 

        public static object lstat(string path) {

            return stat(path);

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        public static void mkdir(string path) {

            if (Directory.Exists(path))

                throw DirectoryExists();



            try {

                Directory.CreateDirectory(path);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }

        }



        public static void mkdir(string path, int mode) {

            if (Directory.Exists(path)) throw DirectoryExists();

            // we ignore mode



            try {

                Directory.CreateDirectory(path);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }

        }



        public static object open(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string filename, int flag) {

            return open(context, filename, flag, 0777);

        }



        private const int DefaultBufferSize = 4096;



        public static object open(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string filename, int flag, int mode) {

            try {

                FileMode fileMode = FileModeFromFlags(flag);

                FileAccess access = FileAccessFromFlags(flag);

                FileOptions options = FileOptionsFromFlags(flag);

                FileStream fs;

                if (access == FileAccess.Read && (fileMode == FileMode.CreateNew || fileMode == FileMode.Create || fileMode == FileMode.Append)) {

                    // .NET doesn't allow Create/CreateNew w/ access == Read, so create the file, then close it, then

                    // open it again w/ just read access.

                    fs = new FileStream(filename, fileMode, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);

                    fs.Close();

                    fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite, DefaultBufferSize, options);

                } else if(access == FileAccess.ReadWrite && fileMode == FileMode.Append) {

                    fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.ReadWrite, DefaultBufferSize, options);

                } else {

                    fs = new FileStream(filename, fileMode, access, FileShare.ReadWrite, DefaultBufferSize, options);

                }

                

                string mode2;

                if (fs.CanRead && fs.CanWrite) mode2 = "w+";

                else if (fs.CanWrite) mode2 = "w";

                else mode2 = "r";



                if ((flag & O_BINARY) != 0) {

                    mode2 += "b";

                }



                return PythonContext.GetContext(context).FileManager.AddToStrongMapping(PythonFile.Create(context, fs, filename, mode2));

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, filename);

            }

        }



        private static FileOptions FileOptionsFromFlags(int flag) {

            FileOptions res = FileOptions.None;

            if ((flag & O_TEMPORARY) != 0) {

                res |= FileOptions.DeleteOnClose;

            }

            if ((flag & O_RANDOM) != 0) {

                res |= FileOptions.RandomAccess;

            }

            if ((flag & O_SEQUENTIAL) != 0) {

                res |= FileOptions.SequentialScan;

            }



            return res;

        }



        public static PythonFile popen(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command) {

            return popen(context, command, "r");

        }



        public static PythonFile popen(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command, string mode) {

            return popen(context, command, mode, 4096);

        }



        public static PythonFile popen(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command, string mode, int bufsize) {

            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(mode)) mode = "r";

            ProcessStartInfo psi = GetProcessInfo(command);

            psi.CreateNoWindow = true;  // ipyw shouldn't create a new console window

            Process p;

            PythonFile res;



            try {

                switch (mode) {

                    case "r":

                        psi.RedirectStandardOutput = true;

                        p = Process.Start(psi);



                        res = new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardOutput.BaseStream, "r");

                        break;

                    case "w":

                        psi.RedirectStandardInput = true;

                        p = Process.Start(psi);



                        res = new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardInput.BaseStream, "w");

                        break;

                    default:

                        throw PythonOps.ValueError("expected 'r' or 'w' for mode, got {0}", mode);

                }

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }



            return res;

        }



        public static PythonTuple popen2(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command) {

            return popen2(context, command, "t");

        }



        public static PythonTuple popen2(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command, string mode) {

            return popen2(context, command, "t", 4096);

        }



        public static PythonTuple popen2(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command, string mode, int bufsize) {

            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(mode)) mode = "t";

            if (mode != "t" && mode != "b") throw PythonOps.ValueError("mode must be 't' or 'b' (default is t)");

            if (mode == "t") mode = String.Empty;



            try {

                ProcessStartInfo psi = GetProcessInfo(command);

                psi.RedirectStandardInput = true;

                psi.RedirectStandardOutput = true;

                psi.CreateNoWindow = true; // ipyw shouldn't create a new console window

                Process p = Process.Start(psi);



                return PythonTuple.MakeTuple(new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardInput.BaseStream, "w" + mode),

                        new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardOutput.BaseStream, "r" + mode));

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }

        }



        public static PythonTuple popen3(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command) {

            return popen3(context, command, "t");

        }



        public static PythonTuple popen3(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command, string mode) {

            return popen3(context, command, "t", 4096);

        }



        public static PythonTuple popen3(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string command, string mode, int bufsize) {

            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(mode)) mode = "t";

            if (mode != "t" && mode != "b") throw PythonOps.ValueError("mode must be 't' or 'b' (default is t)");

            if (mode == "t") mode = String.Empty;



            try {

                ProcessStartInfo psi = GetProcessInfo(command);

                psi.RedirectStandardInput = true;

                psi.RedirectStandardOutput = true;

                psi.RedirectStandardError = true;

                psi.CreateNoWindow = true; // ipyw shouldn't create a new console window

                Process p = Process.Start(psi);



                return PythonTuple.MakeTuple(new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardInput.BaseStream, "w" + mode),

                        new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardOutput.BaseStream, "r" + mode),

                        new POpenFile(context, command, p, p.StandardError.BaseStream, "r+" + mode));

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }

        }



        public static void putenv(string varname, string value) {

            try {

                System.Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(varname, value);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }

        }

#endif



        public static string read(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int fd, int buffersize) {

            if (buffersize < 0) {

                throw PythonExceptions.CreateThrowable(PythonExceptions.OSError, PythonErrorNumber.EINVAL, "Invalid argument");

            }



            try {

                PythonContext pythonContext = PythonContext.GetContext(context);

                PythonFile pf = pythonContext.FileManager.GetFileFromId(pythonContext, fd);

                return pf.read();

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        public static void remove(string path) {

            UnlinkWorker(path);

        }

#endif



        public static void rename(string src, string dst) {

            try {

                Directory.Move(src, dst);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }

        }



        public static void rmdir(string path) {

            try {

                Directory.Delete(path);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        /// <summary>

        /// spawns a new process.

        /// 

        /// If mode is nt.P_WAIT then then the call blocks until the process exits and the return value

        /// is the exit code.

        /// 

        /// Otherwise the call returns a handle to the process.  The caller must then call nt.waitpid(pid, options)

        /// to free the handle and get the exit code of the process.  Failure to call nt.waitpid will result

        /// in a handle leak.

        /// </summary>

        public static object spawnl(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int mode, string path, params object[] args) {

            return SpawnProcessImpl(context, MakeProcess(), mode, path, args);

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// spawns a new process.

        /// 

        /// If mode is nt.P_WAIT then then the call blocks until the process exits and the return value

        /// is the exit code.

        /// 

        /// Otherwise the call returns a handle to the process.  The caller must then call nt.waitpid(pid, options)

        /// to free the handle and get the exit code of the process.  Failure to call nt.waitpid will result

        /// in a handle leak.

        /// </summary>

        public static object spawnle(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int mode, string path, params object[] args) {

            if (args.Length < 1) {

                throw PythonOps.TypeError("spawnle() takes at least three arguments ({0} given)", 2 + args.Length);

            }



            object env = args[args.Length - 1];

            object[] slicedArgs = ArrayUtils.RemoveFirst(args);



            Process process = MakeProcess();

            SetEnvironment(process.StartInfo.EnvironmentVariables, env);



            return SpawnProcessImpl(context, process, mode, path, slicedArgs);

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// spawns a new process.

        /// 

        /// If mode is nt.P_WAIT then then the call blocks until the process exits and the return value

        /// is the exit code.

        /// 

        /// Otherwise the call returns a handle to the process.  The caller must then call nt.waitpid(pid, options)

        /// to free the handle and get the exit code of the process.  Failure to call nt.waitpid will result

        /// in a handle leak.

        /// </summary>

        public static object spawnv(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int mode, string path, object args) {

            return SpawnProcessImpl(context, MakeProcess(), mode, path, args);

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// spawns a new process.

        /// 

        /// If mode is nt.P_WAIT then then the call blocks until the process exits and the return value

        /// is the exit code.

        /// 

        /// Otherwise the call returns a handle to the process.  The caller must then call nt.waitpid(pid, options)

        /// to free the handle and get the exit code of the process.  Failure to call nt.waitpid will result

        /// in a handle leak.

        /// </summary>

        public static object spawnve(CodeContext/*!*/ context, int mode, string path, object args, object env) {

            Process process = MakeProcess();

            SetEnvironment(process.StartInfo.EnvironmentVariables, env);



            return SpawnProcessImpl(context, process, mode, path, args);

        }



        private static Process MakeProcess() {

            try {

                return new Process();

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }

        }



        private static object SpawnProcessImpl(CodeContext/*!*/ context, Process process, int mode, string path, object args) {

            try {

                process.StartInfo.Arguments = ArgumentsToString(context, args);

                process.StartInfo.FileName = path;

                process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }



            if (!process.Start()) {

                throw PythonOps.OSError("Cannot start process: {0}", path);

            }

            if (mode == P_WAIT) {

                process.WaitForExit();

                int exitCode = process.ExitCode;

                process.Close();

                return exitCode;

            }



            lock (_processToIdMapping) {

                int id;

                if (_freeProcessIds.Count > 0) {

                    id = _freeProcessIds[_freeProcessIds.Count - 1];

                    _freeProcessIds.RemoveAt(_freeProcessIds.Count - 1);

                } else {

                    // process IDs are handles on CPython/Win32 so we match

                    // that behavior and return something that is handle like.  Handles

                    // on NT are guaranteed to have the low 2 bits not set and users

                    // could use these for their own purposes.  We therefore match that

                    // behavior here.

                    _processCount += 4; 

                    id = _processCount;

                }



                _processToIdMapping[id] = process;

                return ScriptingRuntimeHelpers.Int32ToObject(id);

            }

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// Copy elements from a Python mapping of dict environment variables to a StringDictionary.

        /// </summary>

        private static void SetEnvironment(System.Collections.Specialized.StringDictionary currentEnvironment, object newEnvironment) {

            PythonDictionary env = newEnvironment as PythonDictionary;

            if (env == null) {

                throw PythonOps.TypeError("env argument must be a dict");

            }



            currentEnvironment.Clear();



            string strKey, strValue;

            foreach (object key in env.keys()) {

                if (!Converter.TryConvertToString(key, out strKey)) {

                    throw PythonOps.TypeError("env dict contains a non-string key");

                }

                if (!Converter.TryConvertToString(env[key], out strValue)) {

                    throw PythonOps.TypeError("env dict contains a non-string value");

                }

                currentEnvironment[strKey] = strValue;

            }

        }

#endif



        /// <summary>

        /// Convert a sequence of args to a string suitable for using to spawn a process.

        /// </summary>

        private static string ArgumentsToString(CodeContext/*!*/ context, object args) {

            IEnumerator argsEnumerator;

            System.Text.StringBuilder sb = null;

            if (!PythonOps.TryGetEnumerator(context, args, out argsEnumerator)) {

                throw PythonOps.TypeError("args parameter must be sequence, not {0}", DynamicHelpers.GetPythonType(args));

            }



            bool space = false;

            try {

                // skip the first element, which is the name of the command being run

                argsEnumerator.MoveNext();

                while (argsEnumerator.MoveNext()) {

                    if (sb == null) sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder(); // lazy creation

                    string strarg = PythonOps.ToString(argsEnumerator.Current);

                    if (space) {

                        sb.Append(' ');

                    }

                    if (strarg.IndexOf(' ') != -1) {

                        sb.Append('"');

                        // double quote any existing quotes

                        sb.Append(strarg.Replace("\"", "\"\""));

                        sb.Append('"');

                    } else {

                        sb.Append(strarg);

                    }

                    space = true;

                }

            } finally {

                IDisposable disposable = argsEnumerator as IDisposable;

                if (disposable != null) disposable.Dispose();

            }



            if (sb == null) return "";

            return sb.ToString();

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        public static void startfile(string filename, [DefaultParameterValue("open")]string operation) {

            System.Diagnostics.Process process = new System.Diagnostics.Process();

            process.StartInfo.FileName = filename;

            process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;

            process.StartInfo.Verb = operation;

            try {



                process.Start();

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, filename);

            }

        }

#endif



        [PythonType, DontMapIEnumerableToIter]

        public class stat_result : IList, IList<object> {

            private readonly object _mode, _size, _atime, _mtime, _ctime, _st_atime, _st_mtime, _st_ctime, _ino, _dev, _nlink, _uid, _gid;



            public const int n_fields = 13;

            public const int n_sequence_fields = 10;

            public const int n_unnamed_fields = 3;



            internal stat_result(int mode) : this(mode, BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.Zero) {

                _mode = mode;

            }



            internal stat_result(int mode, BigInteger size, BigInteger st_atime, BigInteger st_mtime, BigInteger st_ctime) {

                _mode = mode;

                _size = size;

                _st_atime = _atime = TryShrinkToInt(st_atime);

                _st_mtime = _mtime = TryShrinkToInt(st_mtime);

                _st_ctime = _ctime = TryShrinkToInt(st_ctime);



                _ino = _dev = _nlink = _uid = _gid = ScriptingRuntimeHelpers.Int32ToObject(0);                

            }



            public stat_result(CodeContext/*!*/ context, IList statResult, [DefaultParameterValue(null)]PythonDictionary dict) {

                // dict is allowed by CPython's stat_result, but doesn't seem to do anything, so we ignore it here.



                if (statResult.Count < 10) {

                    throw PythonOps.TypeError("stat_result() takes an at least 10-sequence ({0}-sequence given)", statResult.Count);

                }



                _mode = statResult[0];

                _ino = statResult[1];

                _dev = statResult[2];

                _nlink = statResult[3];

                _uid = statResult[4];

                _gid = statResult[5];

                _size = statResult[6];

                _atime = statResult[7];

                _mtime = statResult[8];

                _ctime = statResult[9];



                object dictTime;

                if (statResult.Count >= 11) {

                    _st_atime = TryShrinkToInt(statResult[10]);

                } else if (TryGetDictValue(dict, "st_atime", out dictTime)) {

                    _st_atime = dictTime;

                } else {

                    _st_atime = TryShrinkToInt(_atime);

                }



                if (statResult.Count >= 12) {

                    _st_mtime = TryShrinkToInt(statResult[11]);

                } else if (TryGetDictValue(dict, "st_mtime", out dictTime)) {

                    _st_mtime = dictTime;

                } else { 

                    _st_mtime = TryShrinkToInt(_mtime);

                }



                if (statResult.Count >= 13) {

                    _st_ctime = TryShrinkToInt(statResult[12]);

                } else if (TryGetDictValue(dict, "st_ctime", out dictTime)) {

                    _st_ctime = dictTime;

                } else { 

                    _st_ctime = TryShrinkToInt(_ctime);

                }

            }



            private static bool TryGetDictValue(PythonDictionary dict, string name, out object dictTime) {

                if (dict != null && dict.TryGetValue(name, out dictTime)) {

                    dictTime = TryShrinkToInt(dictTime);

                    return true;

                }



                dictTime = null;

                return false;

            }



            private static object TryShrinkToInt(object value) {

                if (!(value is BigInteger)) {

                    return value;

                }

                

                return BigIntegerOps.__int__((BigInteger)value);

            }



            public object st_atime {

                get {

                    return _st_atime;

                }

            }



            public object st_ctime {

                get {

                    return _st_ctime;

                }

            }





            public object st_mtime {

                get {

                    return _st_mtime;

                }

            }



            public object st_dev {

                get {

                    return TryShrinkToInt(_dev);

                }

            }



            public object st_gid {

                get {

                    return _gid;

                }

            }



            public object st_ino {

                get {

                    return _ino;

                }

            }



            public object st_mode {

                get {

                    return TryShrinkToInt(_mode);

                }

            }



            public object st_nlink {

                get {

                    return TryShrinkToInt(_nlink);

                }

            }



            public object st_size {

                get {

                    return _size;

                }

            }



            public object st_uid {

                get {

                    return _uid;

                }

            }



            public static PythonTuple operator +(stat_result stat, object tuple) {

                PythonTuple tupleObj = tuple as PythonTuple;

                if (tupleObj == null) {

                    throw PythonOps.TypeError("can only concatenate tuple (not \"{0}\") to tuple", PythonTypeOps.GetName(tuple));

                }

                return stat.MakeTuple() + tupleObj;

            }



            public static bool operator >(stat_result stat, [NotNull]stat_result o) {

                return stat.MakeTuple() > PythonTuple.Make(o);

            }



            public static bool operator <(stat_result stat, [NotNull]stat_result o) {

                return stat.MakeTuple() < PythonTuple.Make(o);

            }



            public static bool operator >=(stat_result stat, [NotNull]stat_result o) {

                return stat.MakeTuple() >= PythonTuple.Make(o);

            }



            public static bool operator <=(stat_result stat, [NotNull]stat_result o) {

                return stat.MakeTuple() <= PythonTuple.Make(o);

            }



            public static bool operator >(stat_result stat, object o) {

                return true;

            }



            public static bool operator <(stat_result stat, object o) {

                return false;

            }



            public static bool operator >=(stat_result stat, object o) {

                return true;

            }



            public static bool operator <=(stat_result stat, object o) {

                return false;

            }



            public static PythonTuple operator *(stat_result stat, int size) {

                return stat.MakeTuple() * size;

            }



            public static PythonTuple operator *(int size, stat_result stat) {

                return stat.MakeTuple() * size;

            }



            public override string ToString() {

                return MakeTuple().ToString();

            }



            public string/*!*/ __repr__() {

                return ToString();

            }



            public PythonTuple __reduce__() {

                PythonDictionary timeDict = new PythonDictionary(3);

                timeDict["st_atime"] = st_atime;

                timeDict["st_ctime"] = st_ctime;

                timeDict["st_mtime"] = st_mtime;



                return PythonTuple.MakeTuple(

                    DynamicHelpers.GetPythonTypeFromType(typeof(stat_result)),

                    PythonTuple.MakeTuple(MakeTuple(), timeDict)

                );

            }



            #region ISequence Members



            //public object AddSequence(object other) {

            //    return MakeTuple().AddSequence(other);

            //}



            //public object MultiplySequence(object count) {

            //    return MakeTuple().MultiplySequence(count);

            //}



            public object this[int index] {

                get {

                    return MakeTuple()[index];

                }

            }



            public object this[Slice slice] {

                get {

                    return MakeTuple()[slice];

                }

            }



            public object __getslice__(int start, int stop) {

                return MakeTuple().__getslice__(start, stop);

            }



            public int __len__() {

                return MakeTuple().__len__();

            }



            public bool __contains__(object item) {

                return ((ICollection<object>)MakeTuple()).Contains(item);

            }



            #endregion



            private PythonTuple MakeTuple() {

                return PythonTuple.MakeTuple(

                    st_mode,

                    st_ino,

                    st_dev,

                    st_nlink,

                    st_uid,

                    st_gid,

                    st_size,

                    _atime,

                    _mtime,

                    _ctime

                );

            }



            #region Object overrides



            public override bool Equals(object obj) {

                if (obj is stat_result) {

                    return MakeTuple().Equals(((stat_result)obj).MakeTuple());

                } else {

                    return MakeTuple().Equals(obj);

                }



            }



            public override int GetHashCode() {

                return MakeTuple().GetHashCode();

            }



            #endregion



            #region IList<object> Members



            int IList<object>.IndexOf(object item) {

                return MakeTuple().IndexOf(item);

            }



            void IList<object>.Insert(int index, object item) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            void IList<object>.RemoveAt(int index) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            object IList<object>.this[int index] {

                get {

                    return MakeTuple()[index];

                }

                set {

                    throw new InvalidOperationException();

                }

            }



            #endregion



            #region ICollection<object> Members



            void ICollection<object>.Add(object item) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            void ICollection<object>.Clear() {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            bool ICollection<object>.Contains(object item) {

                return __contains__(item);

            }



            void ICollection<object>.CopyTo(object[] array, int arrayIndex) {

                throw new NotImplementedException();

            }



            int ICollection<object>.Count {

                get { return __len__(); }

            }



            bool ICollection<object>.IsReadOnly {

                get { return true; }

            }



            bool ICollection<object>.Remove(object item) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            #endregion



            #region IEnumerable<object> Members



            IEnumerator<object> IEnumerable<object>.GetEnumerator() {

                foreach (object o in MakeTuple()) {

                    yield return o;

                }

            }



            #endregion



            #region IEnumerable Members



            IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() {

                foreach (object o in MakeTuple()) {

                    yield return o;

                }

            }



            #endregion



            #region IList Members



            int IList.Add(object value) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            void IList.Clear() {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            bool IList.Contains(object value) {

                return __contains__(value);

            }



            int IList.IndexOf(object value) {

                return MakeTuple().IndexOf(value);

            }



            void IList.Insert(int index, object value) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            bool IList.IsFixedSize {

                get { return true; }

            }



            bool IList.IsReadOnly {

                get { return true; }

            }



            void IList.Remove(object value) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            void IList.RemoveAt(int index) {

                throw new InvalidOperationException();

            }



            object IList.this[int index] {

                get {

                    return MakeTuple()[index];

                }

                set {

                    throw new InvalidOperationException();

                }

            }



            #endregion



            #region ICollection Members



            void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index) {

                throw new NotImplementedException();

            }



            int ICollection.Count {

                get { return __len__(); }

            }



            bool ICollection.IsSynchronized {

                get { return false; }

            }



            object ICollection.SyncRoot {

                get { return this; }

            }



            #endregion

        }



        private static bool HasExecutableExtension(string path) {

            string extension = Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

            return (extension == ".exe" || extension == ".dll" || extension == ".com" || extension == ".bat");

        }



        [Documentation("stat(path) -> stat result\nGathers statistics about the specified file or directory")]

        public static object stat(string path) {

            if (path == null) throw PythonOps.TypeError("expected string, got NoneType");



            stat_result sr;



            try {

                FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);

                int mode = 0;

                long size;



                if (Directory.Exists(path)) {

                    size = 0;

                    mode = 0x4000 | S_IEXEC;

                } else if (File.Exists(path)) {

                    size = fi.Length;

                    mode = 0x8000;

                    if (HasExecutableExtension(path)) {

                        mode |= S_IEXEC;

                    }

                } else {

                    throw PythonExceptions.CreateThrowable(WindowsError, PythonExceptions._WindowsError.ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, "file does not exist: " + path);

                }



                long st_atime = (long)PythonTime.TicksToTimestamp(fi.LastAccessTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks);

                long st_ctime = (long)PythonTime.TicksToTimestamp(fi.CreationTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks);

                long st_mtime = (long)PythonTime.TicksToTimestamp(fi.LastWriteTime.ToUniversalTime().Ticks);

                mode |= S_IREAD;

                if ((fi.Attributes & FileAttributes.ReadOnly) == 0) {

                    mode |= S_IWRITE;

                }



                sr = new stat_result(mode, size, st_atime, st_mtime, st_ctime);

            } catch (ArgumentException) {

                throw PythonExceptions.CreateThrowable(WindowsError, PythonExceptions._WindowsError.ERROR_INVALID_NAME, "The path is invalid: " + path);

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, path);

            }



            return sr;

        }



        public static string strerror(int code) {

            switch(code) {

                case 0: return "No error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.E2BIG: return "Arg list too long";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EACCES: return "Permission denied";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EAGAIN: return "Resource temporarily unavailable";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EBADF: return "Bad file descriptor";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EBUSY: return "Resource device";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ECHILD: return "No child processes";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EDEADLK: return "Resource deadlock avoided";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EDOM: return "Domain error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EDQUOT: return "Unknown error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EEXIST: return "File exists";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EFAULT: return "Bad address";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EFBIG: return "File too large";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EILSEQ: return "Illegal byte sequence";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EINTR: return "Interrupted function call";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EINVAL: return "Invalid argument";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EIO: return "Input/output error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EISCONN: return "Unknown error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EISDIR: return "Is a directory";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EMFILE: return "Too many open files";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EMLINK: return "Too many links";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENAMETOOLONG: return "Filename too long";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENFILE: return "Too many open files in system";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENODEV: return "No such device";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOENT: return "No such file or directory";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOEXEC: return "Exec format error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOLCK: return "No locks available";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOMEM: return "Not enough space";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOSPC: return "No space left on device";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOSYS: return "Function not implemented";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOTDIR: return "Not a directory";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOTEMPTY: return "Directory not empty";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOTSOCK: return "Unknown error";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENOTTY: return "Inappropriate I/O control operation";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ENXIO: return "No such device or address";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EPERM: return "Operation not permitted";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EPIPE: return "Broken pipe";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ERANGE: return "Result too large";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EROFS: return "Read-only file system";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ESPIPE: return "Invalid seek";

                case PythonErrorNumber.ESRCH: return "No such process";

                case PythonErrorNumber.EXDEV: return "Improper link";

                default:

                    return "Unknown error " + code;

            }

        }



        private static PythonType WindowsError {

            get {

#if !SILVERLIGHT

                return PythonExceptions.WindowsError;

#else

                return PythonExceptions.OSError;

#endif

            }

        }



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        [Documentation("system(command) -> int\nExecute the command (a string) in a subshell.")]

        public static int system(string command) {

            ProcessStartInfo psi = GetProcessInfo(command);

            psi.CreateNoWindow = false;



            try {

                Process process = Process.Start(psi);

                if (process == null) {

                    return -1;

                }

                process.WaitForExit();

                return process.ExitCode;

            } catch (Win32Exception) {

                return 1;

            }

        }



        public static string tempnam(CodeContext/*!*/ context) {

            return tempnam(context, null);

        }



        public static string tempnam(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string dir) {

            return tempnam(context, null, null);

        }



        public static string tempnam(CodeContext/*!*/ context, string dir, string prefix) {

            PythonOps.Warn(context, PythonExceptions.RuntimeWarning, "tempnam is a potential security risk to your program");



            try {

                dir = Path.GetTempPath(); // Reasonably consistent with CPython behavior under Windows



                return Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(dir, prefix ?? String.Empty) + Path.GetRandomFileName());

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e, dir);

            }

        }



        public static object times() {

            System.Diagnostics.Process p = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess();



            return PythonTuple.MakeTuple(p.UserProcessorTime.TotalSeconds,

                p.PrivilegedProcessorTime.TotalSeconds,

                0,  // child process system time

                0,  // child process os time

                DateTime.Now.Subtract(p.StartTime).TotalSeconds);

        }

#endif



#if !SILVERLIGHT

        public static PythonFile/*!*/ tmpfile(CodeContext/*!*/ context) {

            try {

                FileStream sw = new FileStream(Path.GetTempFileName(), FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None, 4096, FileOptions.DeleteOnClose);



                PythonFile res = PythonFile.Create(context, sw, sw.Name, "w+b");

                return res;

            } catch (Exception e) {

                throw ToPythonException(e);

            }
…

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