/lib/adodb/adodb.inc.php

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<?php
/*
 * Set tabs to 4 for best viewing.
 *
 * Latest version is available at https://adodb.org/
 *
 * This is the main include file for ADOdb.
 * Database specific drivers are stored in the adodb/drivers/adodb-*.inc.php
 *
 * The ADOdb files are formatted so that doxygen can be used to generate documentation.
 * Doxygen is a documentation generation tool and can be downloaded from http://doxygen.org/
 */

/**
	\mainpage

	@version   v5.21.0  2021-02-27
	@copyright (c) 2000-2013 John Lim (jlim#natsoft.com). All rights reserved.
	@copyright (c) 2014      Damien Regad, Mark Newnham and the ADOdb community

	Released under both BSD license and Lesser GPL library license. You can choose which license
	you prefer.

	PHP's database access functions are not standardised. This creates a need for a database
	class library to hide the differences between the different database API's (encapsulate
	the differences) so we can easily switch databases.

	We currently support MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Sybase SQL Anywhere, DB2,
	Informix, PostgreSQL, FrontBase, Interbase (Firebird and Borland variants), Foxpro, Access,
	ADO, SAP DB, SQLite and ODBC. We have had successful reports of connecting to Progress and
	other databases via ODBC.
 */

if (!defined('_ADODB_LAYER')) {
	define('_ADODB_LAYER',1);

	// The ADOdb extension is no longer maintained and effectively unsupported
	// since v5.04. The library will not function properly if it is present.
	if(defined('ADODB_EXTENSION')) {
		$msg = "Unsupported ADOdb Extension (v" . ADODB_EXTENSION . ") detected! "
			. "Disable it to use ADOdb";

		$errorfn = defined('ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER') ? ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER : false;
		if ($errorfn) {
			$conn = false;
			$errorfn('ADOdb', basename(__FILE__), -9999, $msg, null, null, $conn);
		} else {
			die($msg . PHP_EOL);
		}
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// CONSTANT DEFINITIONS
	//==============================================================================================


	/**
	 * Set ADODB_DIR to the directory where this file resides...
	 * This constant was formerly called $ADODB_RootPath
	 */
	if (!defined('ADODB_DIR')) {
		define('ADODB_DIR',dirname(__FILE__));
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// GLOBAL VARIABLES
	//==============================================================================================

	GLOBAL
		$ADODB_vers,		// database version
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS,	// count number of records returned - slows down query
		$ADODB_CACHE_DIR,	// directory to cache recordsets
		$ADODB_CACHE,
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS,
		$ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH, // If $ADODB_COUNTRECS and this is true, $rs->fields is available on EOF
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE,	// DEFAULT, NUM, ASSOC or BOTH. Default follows native driver default...
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF,
		$ADODB_QUOTE_FIELDNAMES; // Allows you to force quotes (backticks) around field names in queries generated by getinsertsql and getupdatesql.

	//==============================================================================================
	// GLOBAL SETUP
	//==============================================================================================

	/*********************************************************
	* Controls $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE mode. Default is ADODB_FORCE_VALUE (3).
	* Used in GetUpdateSql and GetInsertSql functions. Thx to Niko, nuko#mbnet.fi
	* @link https://adodb.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=v5:reference:adodb_force_type
	*
	* 0 = ignore empty fields. All empty fields in array are ignored.
	* 1 = force null. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are
	*     changed to sql NULL values.
	* 2 = force empty. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are
	*     changed to sql empty '' or 0 values.
	* 3 = force value. Value is left as it is. Php null and string 'null'
	*     are set to sql NULL values and empty fields '' are set to empty '' sql values.
	* 4 = force value. Like 1 but numeric empty fields are set to zero.
    */
		define('ADODB_FORCE_IGNORE',0);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_NULL',1);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_EMPTY',2);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_VALUE',3);
		define('ADODB_FORCE_NULL_AND_ZERO',4);
	// ********************************************************


	/**
	 * Constants for returned values from the charMax and textMax methods.
	 * If not specifically defined in the driver, methods return the NOTSET value.
	 */
	define ('ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOTSET', -1);
	define ('ADODB_STRINGMAX_NOLIMIT',-2);

	/*
	* Defines the the default meta type returned
	* when ADOdb encounters a type that it is not
	* defined in the metaTypes.
	*/
	if (!defined('ADODB_DEFAULT_METATYPE'))
		define ('ADODB_DEFAULT_METATYPE','N');

	define('ADODB_BAD_RS','<p>Bad $rs in %s. Connection or SQL invalid. Try using $connection->debug=true;</p>');

	// allow [ ] @ ` " and . in table names
	define('ADODB_TABLE_REGEX','([]0-9a-z_\:\"\`\.\@\[-]*)');

	// prefetching used by oracle
	if (!defined('ADODB_PREFETCH_ROWS')) {
		define('ADODB_PREFETCH_ROWS',10);
	}


	/**
	 * Fetch mode
	 *
	 * Set global variable $ADODB_FETCH_MODE to one of these constants or use
	 * the SetFetchMode() method to control how recordset fields are returned
	 * when fetching data.
	 *
	 *   - NUM:     array()
	 *   - ASSOC:   array('id' => 456, 'name' => 'john')
	 *   - BOTH:    array(0 => 456, 'id' => 456, 1 => 'john', 'name' => 'john')
	 *   - DEFAULT: driver-dependent
	 */
	define('ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT', 0);
	define('ADODB_FETCH_NUM', 1);
	define('ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC', 2);
	define('ADODB_FETCH_BOTH', 3);

	/**
	 * Associative array case constants
	 *
	 * By defining the ADODB_ASSOC_CASE constant to one of these values, it is
	 * possible to control the case of field names (associative array's keys)
	 * when operating in ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC fetch mode.
	 *   - LOWER:  $rs->fields['orderid']
	 *   - UPPER:  $rs->fields['ORDERID']
	 *   - NATIVE: $rs->fields['OrderID'] (or whatever the RDBMS will return)
	 *
	 * The default is to use native case-names.
	 *
	 * NOTE: This functionality is not implemented everywhere, it currently
	 * works only with: mssql, odbc, oci8 and ibase derived drivers
	 */
	define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_LOWER', 0);
	define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_UPPER', 1);
	define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE_NATIVE', 2);


	if (!defined('TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR')) {
		define('TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR',100);
	}

	/**
	 * AutoExecute constants
	 * (moved from adodb-pear.inc.php since they are only used in here)
	 */
	define('DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT', 1);
	define('DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE', 2);


	
	function ADODB_Setup() {
	GLOBAL
		$ADODB_vers,		// database version
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS,	// count number of records returned - slows down query
		$ADODB_CACHE_DIR,	// directory to cache recordsets
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE,
		$ADODB_CACHE,
		$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS,
		$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE,
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF,
		$ADODB_QUOTE_FIELDNAMES;

		if (empty($ADODB_CACHE_CLASS)) {
			$ADODB_CACHE_CLASS =  'ADODB_Cache_File' ;
		}
		$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT;
		$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE = ADODB_FORCE_VALUE;
		$ADODB_GETONE_EOF = null;

		if (!isset($ADODB_CACHE_DIR)) {
			$ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/tmp'; //(isset($_ENV['TMP'])) ? $_ENV['TMP'] : '/tmp';
		} else {
			// do not accept url based paths, eg. http:/ or ftp:/
			if (strpos($ADODB_CACHE_DIR,'://') !== false) {
				die("Illegal path http:// or ftp://");
			}
		}

		/**
		 * ADODB version as a string.
		 */
		$ADODB_vers = 'v5.21.0  2021-02-27';

		/**
		 * Determines whether recordset->RecordCount() is used.
		 * Set to false for highest performance -- RecordCount() will always return -1 then
		 * for databases that provide "virtual" recordcounts...
		 */
		if (!isset($ADODB_COUNTRECS)) {
			$ADODB_COUNTRECS = true;
		}
	}


	//==============================================================================================
	// CHANGE NOTHING BELOW UNLESS YOU ARE DESIGNING ADODB
	//==============================================================================================

	ADODB_Setup();

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADOFieldObject
	//==============================================================================================
	/**
	 * Helper class for FetchFields -- holds info on a column
	 */
	class ADOFieldObject {
		var $name = '';
		var $max_length=0;
		var $type="";
/*
		// additional fields by dannym... (danny_milo@yahoo.com)
		var $not_null = false;
		// actually, this has already been built-in in the postgres, fbsql AND mysql module? ^-^
		// so we can as well make not_null standard (leaving it at "false" does not harm anyways)

		var $has_default = false; // this one I have done only in mysql and postgres for now ...
			// others to come (dannym)
		var $default_value; // default, if any, and supported. Check has_default first.
*/
	}


	function _adodb_safedate($s) {
		return str_replace(array("'", '\\'), '', $s);
	}

	// parse date string to prevent injection attack
	// date string will have one quote at beginning e.g. '3434343'
	function _adodb_safedateq($s) {
		$len = strlen($s);
		if ($s[0] !== "'") {
			$s2 = "'".$s[0];
		} else {
			$s2 = "'";
		}
		for($i=1; $i<$len; $i++) {
			$ch = $s[$i];
			if ($ch === '\\') {
				$s2 .= "'";
				break;
			} elseif ($ch === "'") {
				$s2 .= $ch;
				break;
			}

			$s2 .= $ch;
		}

		return strlen($s2) == 0 ? 'null' : $s2;
	}


	// for transaction handling

	function ADODB_TransMonitor($dbms, $fn, $errno, $errmsg, $p1, $p2, &$thisConnection) {
		//print "Errorno ($fn errno=$errno m=$errmsg) ";
		$thisConnection->_transOK = false;
		if ($thisConnection->_oldRaiseFn) {
			$errfn = $thisConnection->_oldRaiseFn;
			$errfn($dbms, $fn, $errno, $errmsg, $p1, $p2,$thisConnection);
		}
	}

	//------------------
	// class for caching
	class ADODB_Cache_File {

		var $createdir = true; // requires creation of temp dirs

		function __construct() {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_CSV;
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_CSV)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-csvlib.inc.php');
			}
		}

		// write serialised recordset to cache item/file
		function writecache($filename, $contents,  $debug, $secs2cache) {
			return adodb_write_file($filename, $contents,$debug);
		}

		// load serialised recordset and unserialise it
		function &readcache($filename, &$err, $secs2cache, $rsClass) {
			$rs = csv2rs($filename,$err,$secs2cache,$rsClass);
			return $rs;
		}

		// flush all items in cache
		function flushall($debug=false) {
			global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;

			$rez = false;

			if (strlen($ADODB_CACHE_DIR) > 1) {
				$rez = $this->_dirFlush($ADODB_CACHE_DIR);
				if ($debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp( "flushall: $ADODB_CACHE_DIR<br><pre>\n". $rez."</pre>");
				}
			}
			return $rez;
		}

		// flush one file in cache
		function flushcache($f, $debug=false) {
			if (!@unlink($f)) {
				if ($debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp( "flushcache: failed for $f");
				}
			}
		}

		function getdirname($hash) {
			global $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;
			if (!isset($this->notSafeMode)) {
				$this->notSafeMode = !ini_get('safe_mode');
			}
			return ($this->notSafeMode) ? $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.'/'.substr($hash,0,2) : $ADODB_CACHE_DIR;
		}

		// create temp directories
		function createdir($hash, $debug) {
			global $ADODB_CACHE_PERMS;

			$dir = $this->getdirname($hash);
			if ($this->notSafeMode && !file_exists($dir)) {
				$oldu = umask(0);
				if (!@mkdir($dir, empty($ADODB_CACHE_PERMS) ? 0771 : $ADODB_CACHE_PERMS)) {
					if(!is_dir($dir) && $debug) {
						ADOConnection::outp("Cannot create $dir");
					}
				}
				umask($oldu);
			}

			return $dir;
		}

		/**
		* Private function to erase all of the files and subdirectories in a directory.
		*
		* Just specify the directory, and tell it if you want to delete the directory or just clear it out.
		* Note: $kill_top_level is used internally in the function to flush subdirectories.
		*/
		function _dirFlush($dir, $kill_top_level = false) {
			if(!$dh = @opendir($dir)) return;

			while (($obj = readdir($dh))) {
				if($obj=='.' || $obj=='..') continue;
				$f = $dir.'/'.$obj;

				if (strpos($obj,'.cache')) {
					@unlink($f);
				}
				if (is_dir($f)) {
					$this->_dirFlush($f, true);
				}
			}
			if ($kill_top_level === true) {
				@rmdir($dir);
			}
			return true;
		}
	}

	//==============================================================================================
	// CLASS ADOConnection
	//==============================================================================================

	/**
	 * Connection object. For connecting to databases, and executing queries.
	 */
	abstract class ADOConnection {
	//
	// PUBLIC VARS
	//
	var $dataProvider = 'native';
	var $databaseType = '';		/// RDBMS currently in use, eg. odbc, mysql, mssql
	var $database = '';			/// Name of database to be used.
	var $host = '';				/// The hostname of the database server
	var $port = '';				/// The port of the database server
	var $user = '';				/// The username which is used to connect to the database server.
	var $password = '';			/// Password for the username. For security, we no longer store it.
	var $debug = false;			/// if set to true will output sql statements
	var $maxblobsize = 262144;	/// maximum size of blobs or large text fields (262144 = 256K)-- some db's die otherwise like foxpro
	var $concat_operator = '+'; /// default concat operator -- change to || for Oracle/Interbase
	var $substr = 'substr';		/// substring operator
	var $length = 'length';		/// string length ofperator
	var $random = 'rand()';		/// random function
	var $upperCase = 'upper';		/// uppercase function
	var $fmtDate = "'Y-m-d'";	/// used by DBDate() as the default date format used by the database
	var $fmtTimeStamp = "'Y-m-d, h:i:s A'"; /// used by DBTimeStamp as the default timestamp fmt.
	var $true = '1';			/// string that represents TRUE for a database
	var $false = '0';			/// string that represents FALSE for a database
	var $replaceQuote = "\\'";	/// string to use to replace quotes
	var $nameQuote = '"';		/// string to use to quote identifiers and names
	var $leftBracket = '[';		/// left square bracked for t-sql styled column names
	var $rightBracket = ']';	/// right square bracked for t-sql styled column names
	var $charSet=false;			/// character set to use - only for interbase, postgres and oci8
	var $metaDatabasesSQL = '';
	var $metaTablesSQL = '';
	var $uniqueOrderBy = false; /// All order by columns have to be unique
	var $emptyDate = '&nbsp;';
	var $emptyTimeStamp = '&nbsp;';
	var $lastInsID = false;
	//--
	var $hasInsertID = false;		/// supports autoincrement ID?
	var $hasAffectedRows = false;	/// supports affected rows for update/delete?
	var $hasTop = false;			/// support mssql/access SELECT TOP 10 * FROM TABLE
	var $hasLimit = false;			/// support pgsql/mysql SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 10
	var $readOnly = false;			/// this is a readonly database - used by phpLens
	var $hasMoveFirst = false;		/// has ability to run MoveFirst(), scrolling backwards
	var $hasGenID = false;			/// can generate sequences using GenID();
	var $hasTransactions = true;	/// has transactions
	//--
	var $genID = 0;					/// sequence id used by GenID();

	/** @var bool|callable Error function to call */
	var $raiseErrorFn = false;

	var $isoDates = false;			/// accepts dates in ISO format
	var $cacheSecs = 3600;			/// cache for 1 hour

	// memcache
	var $memCache = false; /// should we use memCache instead of caching in files
	var $memCacheHost; /// memCache host
	var $memCachePort = 11211; /// memCache port
	var $memCacheCompress = false; /// Use 'true' to store the item compressed (uses zlib, not supported w/memcached library)

	var $sysDate = false; /// name of function that returns the current date
	var $sysTimeStamp = false; /// name of function that returns the current timestamp
	var $sysUTimeStamp = false; // name of function that returns the current timestamp accurate to the microsecond or nearest fraction
	var $arrayClass = 'ADORecordSet_array'; /// name of class used to generate array recordsets, which are pre-downloaded recordsets

	var $noNullStrings = false; /// oracle specific stuff - if true ensures that '' is converted to ' '
	var $numCacheHits = 0;
	var $numCacheMisses = 0;
	var $pageExecuteCountRows = true;
	var $uniqueSort = false; /// indicates that all fields in order by must be unique
	var $leftOuter = false; /// operator to use for left outer join in WHERE clause
	var $rightOuter = false; /// operator to use for right outer join in WHERE clause
	var $ansiOuter = false; /// whether ansi outer join syntax supported
	var $autoRollback = false; // autoRollback on PConnect().
	var $poorAffectedRows = false; // affectedRows not working or unreliable

	/** @var bool|callable Execute function to call */
	var $fnExecute = false;

	/** @var bool|callable Cache execution function to call */
	var $fnCacheExecute = false;

	var $blobEncodeType = false; // false=not required, 'I'=encode to integer, 'C'=encode to char
	var $rsPrefix = "ADORecordSet_";

	var $autoCommit = true;		/// do not modify this yourself - actually private
	var $transOff = 0;			/// temporarily disable transactions
	var $transCnt = 0;			/// count of nested transactions

	var $fetchMode=false;

	var $null2null = 'null'; // in autoexecute/getinsertsql/getupdatesql, this value will be converted to a null
	var $bulkBind = false; // enable 2D Execute array
	//
	// PRIVATE VARS
	//
	var $_oldRaiseFn =  false;
	var $_transOK = null;
	var $_connectionID	= false;	/// The returned link identifier whenever a successful database connection is made.
	var $_errorMsg = false;		/// A variable which was used to keep the returned last error message.  The value will
								/// then returned by the errorMsg() function
	var $_errorCode = false;	/// Last error code, not guaranteed to be used - only by oci8
	var $_queryID = false;		/// This variable keeps the last created result link identifier

	var $_isPersistentConnection = false;	/// A boolean variable to state whether its a persistent connection or normal connection.	*/
	var $_bindInputArray = false; /// set to true if ADOConnection.Execute() permits binding of array parameters.
	var $_evalAll = false;
	var $_affected = false;
	var $_logsql = false;
	var $_transmode = ''; // transaction mode


	/**
	 * Default Constructor.
	 * We define it even though it does not actually do anything. This avoids
	 * getting a PHP Fatal error:  Cannot call constructor if a subclass tries
	 * to call its parent constructor.
	 */
	public function __construct()
	{
	}

	/*
	 * Additional parameters that may be passed to drivers in the connect string
	 * Driver must be coded to accept the parameters
	 */
	protected $connectionParameters = array();

	/**
	* Adds a parameter to the connection string.
	*
	* These parameters are added to the connection string when connecting,
	* if the driver is coded to use it.
	*
	* @param	string	$parameter	The name of the parameter to set
	* @param	string	$value		The value of the parameter
	*
	* @return null
	*
	* @example, for mssqlnative driver ('CharacterSet','UTF-8')
	*/
	final public function setConnectionParameter($parameter,$value) {

		$this->connectionParameters[] = array($parameter=>$value);

	}

	/**
	 * ADOdb version.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	static function Version() {
		global $ADODB_vers;

		// Semantic Version number matching regex
		$regex = '^[vV]?(\d+\.\d+\.\d+'         // Version number (X.Y.Z) with optional 'V'
			. '(?:-(?:'                         // Optional preprod version: a '-'
			. 'dev|'                            // followed by 'dev'
			. '(?:(?:alpha|beta|rc)(?:\.\d+))'  // or a preprod suffix and version number
			. '))?)(?:\s|$)';                   // Whitespace or end of string

		if (!preg_match("/$regex/", $ADODB_vers, $matches)) {
			// This should normally not happen... Return whatever is between the start
			// of the string and the first whitespace (or the end of the string).
			self::outp("Invalid version number: '$ADODB_vers'", 'Version');
			$regex = '^[vV]?(.*?)(?:\s|$)';
			preg_match("/$regex/", $ADODB_vers, $matches);
		}
		return $matches[1];
	}

	/**
	 * Get server version info.
	 *
	 * @return string[] An array with 2 elements: $arr['string'] is the description string,
	 *				 	and $arr[version] is the version (also a string).
	 */
	function ServerInfo() {
		return array('description' => '', 'version' => '');
	}

	/**
	 * Return true if connected to the database.
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function IsConnected() {
		return !empty($this->_connectionID);
	}

	function _findvers($str) {
		if (preg_match('/([0-9]+\.([0-9\.])+)/',$str, $arr)) {
			return $arr[1];
		} else {
			return '';
		}
	}

	/**
	 * All error messages go through this bottleneck function.
	 *
	 * You can define your own handler by defining the function name in ADODB_OUTP.
	 *
	 * @param string $msg     Message to print
	 * @param bool   $newline True to add a newline after printing $msg
	 */
	static function outp($msg,$newline=true) {
		global $ADODB_FLUSH,$ADODB_OUTP;

		if (defined('ADODB_OUTP')) {
			$fn = ADODB_OUTP;
			$fn($msg,$newline);
			return;
		} else if (isset($ADODB_OUTP)) {
			call_user_func($ADODB_OUTP,$msg,$newline);
			return;
		}

		if ($newline) {
			$msg .= "<br>\n";
		}

		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) || !$newline) {
			echo $msg;
		} else {
			echo strip_tags($msg);
		}


		if (!empty($ADODB_FLUSH) && ob_get_length() !== false) {
			flush(); //  do not flush if output buffering enabled - useless - thx to Jesse Mullan
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Return the database server's current date and time.
	 * @return int|false
	 */
	function Time() {
		$rs = $this->_Execute("select $this->sysTimeStamp");
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			return $this->UnixTimeStamp(reset($rs->fields));
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Parses the hostname to extract the port.
	 * Overwrites $this->host and $this->port, only if a port is specified.
	 * The Hostname can be fully or partially qualified,
	 * ie: "db.mydomain.com:5432" or "ldaps://ldap.mydomain.com:636"
	 * Any specified scheme such as ldap:// or ldaps:// is maintained.
	 */
	protected function parseHostNameAndPort() {
		$parsed_url = parse_url($this->host);
		if (is_array($parsed_url) && isset($parsed_url['host']) && isset($parsed_url['port'])) {
			if ( isset($parsed_url['scheme']) ) {
				// If scheme is specified (ie: ldap:// or ldaps://, make sure we retain that.
				$this->host = $parsed_url['scheme'] . "://" . $parsed_url['host'];
			} else {
				$this->host = $parsed_url['host'];
			}
			$this->port = $parsed_url['port'];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Connect to database.
	 *
	 * @param string $argHostname     Host to connect to
	 * @param string $argUsername     Userid to login
	 * @param string $argPassword     Associated password
	 * @param string $argDatabaseName Database name
	 * @param bool   $forceNew        Force new connection
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function Connect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "", $forceNew = false) {
		if ($argHostname != "") {
			$this->host = $argHostname;
		}
		// Overwrites $this->host and $this->port if a port is specified.
		$this->parseHostNameAndPort();

		if ($argUsername != "") {
			$this->user = $argUsername;
		}
		if ($argPassword != "") {
			$this->password = 'not stored'; // not stored for security reasons
		}
		if ($argDatabaseName != "") {
			$this->database = $argDatabaseName;
		}

		$this->_isPersistentConnection = false;

		if ($forceNew) {
			if ($rez=$this->_nconnect($this->host, $this->user, $argPassword, $this->database)) {
				return true;
			}
		} else {
			if ($rez=$this->_connect($this->host, $this->user, $argPassword, $this->database)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		if (isset($rez)) {
			$err = $this->ErrorMsg();
			$errno = $this->ErrorNo();
			if (empty($err)) {
				$err = "Connection error to server '$argHostname' with user '$argUsername'";
			}
		} else {
			$err = "Missing extension for ".$this->dataProvider;
			$errno = 0;
		}
		if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) {
			$fn($this->databaseType, 'CONNECT', $errno, $err, $this->host, $this->database, $this);
		}

		$this->_connectionID = false;
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( $this->host.': '.$err);
		}
		return false;
	}

	function _nconnect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName) {
		return $this->_connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName);
	}

	/**
	 * Always force a new connection to database.
	 *
	 * Currently this only works with Oracle.
	 *
	 * @param string $argHostname     Host to connect to
	 * @param string $argUsername     Userid to login
	 * @param string $argPassword     Associated password
	 * @param string $argDatabaseName Database name
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function NConnect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "") {
		return $this->Connect($argHostname, $argUsername, $argPassword, $argDatabaseName, true);
	}

	/**
	 * Establish persistent connection to database.
	 *
	 * @param string $argHostname     Host to connect to
	 * @param string $argUsername     Userid to login
	 * @param string $argPassword     Associated password
	 * @param string $argDatabaseName Database name
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function PConnect($argHostname = "", $argUsername = "", $argPassword = "", $argDatabaseName = "") {

		if (defined('ADODB_NEVER_PERSIST')) {
			return $this->Connect($argHostname,$argUsername,$argPassword,$argDatabaseName);
		}

		if ($argHostname != "") {
			$this->host = $argHostname;
		}
		// Overwrites $this->host and $this->port if a port is specified.
		$this->parseHostNameAndPort();

		if ($argUsername != "") {
			$this->user = $argUsername;
		}
		if ($argPassword != "") {
			$this->password = 'not stored';
		}
		if ($argDatabaseName != "") {
			$this->database = $argDatabaseName;
		}

		$this->_isPersistentConnection = true;

		if ($rez = $this->_pconnect($this->host, $this->user, $argPassword, $this->database)) {
			return true;
		}
		if (isset($rez)) {
			$err = $this->ErrorMsg();
			if (empty($err)) {
				$err = "Connection error to server '$argHostname' with user '$argUsername'";
			}
			$ret = false;
		} else {
			$err = "Missing extension for ".$this->dataProvider;
			$ret = false;
		}
		if ($fn = $this->raiseErrorFn) {
			$fn($this->databaseType,'PCONNECT',$this->ErrorNo(),$err,$this->host,$this->database,$this);
		}

		$this->_connectionID = false;
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( $this->host.': '.$err);
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	function outp_throw($msg,$src='WARN',$sql='') {
		if (defined('ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER') &&  ADODB_ERROR_HANDLER == 'adodb_throw') {
			adodb_throw($this->databaseType,$src,-9999,$msg,$sql,false,$this);
			return;
		}
		ADOConnection::outp($msg);
	}

	/**
	 * Create cache class.
	 *
	 * Code is backwards-compatible with old memcache implementation.
	 */
	function _CreateCache() {
		global $ADODB_CACHE, $ADODB_CACHE_CLASS;

		if ($this->memCache) {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_MEMCACHE;

			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_MEMCACHE)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-memcache.lib.inc.php');
			}
			$ADODB_CACHE = new ADODB_Cache_MemCache($this);
		} else {
			$ADODB_CACHE = new $ADODB_CACHE_CLASS($this);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Format date column in sql string.
	 *
	 * See https://adodb.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=v5:reference:connection:sqldate
	 * for documentation on supported formats.
	 *
	 * @param string $fmt Format string
	 * @param string $col Date column; use system date if not specified.
	 */
	function SQLDate($fmt, $col = '') {
		if (!$col) {
			$col = $this->sysDate;
		}
		return $col; // child class implement
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare an sql statement and return the statement resource.
	 *
	 * For databases that do not support this, we return the $sql. To ensure
	 * compatibility with databases that do not support prepare:
	 *
	 *   $stmt = $db->Prepare("insert into table (id, name) values (?,?)");
	 *   $db->Execute($stmt,array(1,'Jill')) or die('insert failed');
	 *   $db->Execute($stmt,array(2,'Joe')) or die('insert failed');
	 *
	 * @param string $sql SQL to send to database
	 *
	 * @return mixed|false The prepared statement, or the original sql if the
	 *                     database does not support prepare.
	 */
	function Prepare($sql) {
		return $sql;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare a Stored Procedure and return the statement resource.
	 *
	 * Some databases, eg. mssql require a different function for preparing
	 * stored procedures. So we cannot use Prepare().
	 *
	 * For databases that do not support this, we return the $sql.
	 *
	 * @param string $sql   SQL to send to database
	 * @param bool   $param
	 *
	 * @return mixed|false The prepared statement, or the original sql if the
	 *                     database does not support prepare.
	 */
	function PrepareSP($sql,$param=true) {
		return $this->Prepare($sql,$param);
	}

	/**
	 * PEAR DB Compat - alias for qStr.
	 * @param $s
	 * @return string
	 */
	function Quote($s) {
		return $this->qstr($s);
	}

	function q(&$s) {
		//if (!empty($this->qNull && $s == 'null') {
		//	return $s;
		//}
		$s = $this->qstr($s);
	}

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	*/
	function ErrorNative() {
		return $this->ErrorNo();
	}


	/**
	 * PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	 */
	function nextId($seq_name) {
		return $this->GenID($seq_name);
	}

	/**
	 * Lock a row, will escalate and lock the table if row locking not supported
	 * will normally free the lock at the end of the transaction
	 *
	 * @param string $table	name of table to lock
	 * @param string $where	where clause to use, eg: "WHERE row=12". If left empty, will escalate to table lock
     * @param string $col
	 */
	function RowLock($table,$where,$col='1 as adodbignore') {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $table
	 * @return true
	 */
	function CommitLock($table) {
		return $this->CommitTrans();
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $table
	 * @return true
	 */
	function RollbackLock($table) {
		return $this->RollbackTrans();
	}

	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	*
	* The fetch modes for NUMERIC and ASSOC for PEAR DB and ADODB are identical
	* for easy porting :-)
	*
	* @param int $mode The fetchmode ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC or ADODB_FETCH_NUM
	*
	* @return int Previous fetch mode
	*/
	function SetFetchMode($mode) {
		$old = $this->fetchMode;
		$this->fetchMode = $mode;

		if ($old === false) {
			global $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
			return $ADODB_FETCH_MODE;
		}
		return $old;
	}


	/**
	* PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally.
	 *
	 * @param string     $sql
	 * @param array|bool $inputarr
	 *
	 * @return ADORecordSet|bool
	*/
	function Query($sql, $inputarr=false) {
		$rs = $this->Execute($sql, $inputarr);
		if (!$rs && defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
			return ADODB_PEAR_Error();
		}
		return $rs;
	}


	/**
	 * PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	 */
	function LimitQuery($sql, $offset, $count, $params=false) {
		$rs = $this->SelectLimit($sql, $count, $offset, $params);
		if (!$rs && defined('ADODB_PEAR')) {
			return ADODB_PEAR_Error();
		}
		return $rs;
	}


	/**
	 * PEAR DB Compat - do not use internally
	 */
	function Disconnect() {
		return $this->Close();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a placeholder for query parameters.
	 *
	 * e.g. $DB->Param('a') will return
	 * - '?' for most databases
	 * - ':a' for Oracle
	 * - '$1', '$2', etc. for PostgreSQL
	 *
	 * @param mixed $name parameter's name.
	 *                    For databases that require positioned params (e.g. PostgreSQL),
	 *                    a "falsy" value can be used to force resetting the placeholder
	 *                    count; using boolean 'false' will reset it without actually
	 *                    returning a placeholder. ADOdb will also automatically reset
	 *                    the count when executing a query.
	 * @param string $type (unused)
	 * @return string query parameter placeholder
	 */
	function Param($name,$type='C') {
		return '?';
	}

	/*
		InParameter and OutParameter are self-documenting versions of Parameter().
	*/
	function InParameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$maxLen=4000,$type=false) {
		return $this->Parameter($stmt,$var,$name,false,$maxLen,$type);
	}

	/*
	*/
	function OutParameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$maxLen=4000,$type=false) {
		return $this->Parameter($stmt,$var,$name,true,$maxLen,$type);

	}


	/*
	Usage in oracle
		$stmt = $db->Prepare('select * from table where id =:myid and group=:group');
		$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
		$db->Parameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);
		$db->Execute();

		@param $stmt Statement returned by Prepare() or PrepareSP().
		@param $var PHP variable to bind to
		@param $name Name of stored procedure variable name to bind to.
		@param [$isOutput] Indicates direction of parameter 0/false=IN  1=OUT  2= IN/OUT. This is ignored in oci8.
		@param [$maxLen] Holds an maximum length of the variable.
		@param [$type] The data type of $var. Legal values depend on driver.

	*/
	function Parameter(&$stmt,&$var,$name,$isOutput=false,$maxLen=4000,$type=false) {
		return false;
	}


	function IgnoreErrors($saveErrs=false) {
		if (!$saveErrs) {
			$saveErrs = array($this->raiseErrorFn,$this->_transOK);
			$this->raiseErrorFn = false;
			return $saveErrs;
		} else {
			$this->raiseErrorFn = $saveErrs[0];
			$this->_transOK = $saveErrs[1];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Improved method of initiating a transaction. Used together with CompleteTrans().
	 * Advantages include:
     *
	 * a. StartTrans/CompleteTrans is nestable, unlike BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans.
	 *    Only the outermost block is treated as a transaction.<br>
	 * b. CompleteTrans auto-detects SQL errors, and will rollback on errors, commit otherwise.<br>
	 * c. All BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans inside a StartTrans/CompleteTrans block
	 *    are disabled, making it backward compatible.
	 */
	function StartTrans($errfn = 'ADODB_TransMonitor') {
		if ($this->transOff > 0) {
			$this->transOff += 1;
			return true;
		}

		$this->_oldRaiseFn = $this->raiseErrorFn;
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $errfn;
		$this->_transOK = true;

		if ($this->debug && $this->transCnt > 0) {
			ADOConnection::outp("Bad Transaction: StartTrans called within BeginTrans");
		}
		$ok = $this->BeginTrans();
		$this->transOff = 1;
		return $ok;
	}


	/**
		Used together with StartTrans() to end a transaction. Monitors connection
		for sql errors, and will commit or rollback as appropriate.

		@autoComplete if true, monitor sql errors and commit and rollback as appropriate,
		and if set to false force rollback even if no SQL error detected.
		@returns true on commit, false on rollback.
	*/
	function CompleteTrans($autoComplete = true) {
		if ($this->transOff > 1) {
			$this->transOff -= 1;
			return true;
		}
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $this->_oldRaiseFn;

		$this->transOff = 0;
		if ($this->_transOK && $autoComplete) {
			if (!$this->CommitTrans()) {
				$this->_transOK = false;
				if ($this->debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp("Smart Commit failed");
				}
			} else {
				if ($this->debug) {
					ADOConnection::outp("Smart Commit occurred");
				}
			}
		} else {
			$this->_transOK = false;
			$this->RollbackTrans();
			if ($this->debug) {
				ADOCOnnection::outp("Smart Rollback occurred");
			}
		}

		return $this->_transOK;
	}

	/*
		At the end of a StartTrans/CompleteTrans block, perform a rollback.
	*/
	function FailTrans() {
		if ($this->debug)
			if ($this->transOff == 0) {
				ADOConnection::outp("FailTrans outside StartTrans/CompleteTrans");
			} else {
				ADOConnection::outp("FailTrans was called");
				adodb_backtrace();
			}
		$this->_transOK = false;
	}

	/**
		Check if transaction has failed, only for Smart Transactions.
	*/
	function HasFailedTrans() {
		if ($this->transOff > 0) {
			return $this->_transOK == false;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Execute SQL
	 *
	 * @param string     $sql      SQL statement to execute, or possibly an array
	 *                             holding prepared statement ($sql[0] will hold sql text)
	 * @param array|bool $inputarr holds the input data to bind to.
	 *                             Null elements will be set to null.
	 *
	 * @return ADORecordSet|bool
	 */
	public function Execute($sql, $inputarr = false) {
		if ($this->fnExecute) {
			$fn = $this->fnExecute;
			$ret = $fn($this,$sql,$inputarr);
			if (isset($ret)) {
				return $ret;
			}
		}
		if ($inputarr !== false) {
			if (!is_array($inputarr)) {
				$inputarr = array($inputarr);
			}

			$element0 = reset($inputarr);
			# is_object check because oci8 descriptors can be passed in
			$array_2d = $this->bulkBind && is_array($element0) && !is_object(reset($element0));

			//remove extra memory copy of input -mikefedyk
			unset($element0);

			if (!is_array($sql) && !$this->_bindInputArray) {
				// @TODO this would consider a '?' within a string as a parameter...
				$sqlarr = explode('?',$sql);
				$nparams = sizeof($sqlarr)-1;

				if (!$array_2d) {
					// When not Bind Bulk - convert to array of arguments list
					$inputarr = array($inputarr);
				} else {
					// Bulk bind - Make sure all list of params have the same number of elements
					$countElements = array_map('count', $inputarr);
					if (1 != count(array_unique($countElements))) {
						$this->outp_throw(
							"[bulk execute] Input array has different number of params  [" . print_r($countElements, true) .  "].",
							'Execute'
						);
						return false;
					}
					unset($countElements);
				}
				// Make sure the number of parameters provided in the input
				// array matches what the query expects
				$element0 = reset($inputarr);
				if ($nparams != count($element0)) {
					$this->outp_throw(
						"Input array has " . count($element0) .
						" params, does not match query: '" . htmlspecialchars($sql) . "'",
						'Execute'
					);
					return false;
				}

				// clean memory
				unset($element0);

				foreach($inputarr as $arr) {
					$sql = ''; $i = 0;
					foreach ($arr as $v) {
						$sql .= $sqlarr[$i];
						// from Ron Baldwin <ron.baldwin#sourceprose.com>
						// Only quote string types
						$typ = gettype($v);
						if ($typ == 'string') {
							//New memory copy of input created here -mikefedyk
							$sql .= $this->qstr($v);
						} else if ($typ == 'double') {
							$sql .= str_replace(',','.',$v); // locales fix so 1.1 does not get converted to 1,1
						} else if ($typ == 'boolean') {
							$sql .= $v ? $this->true : $this->false;
						} else if ($typ == 'object') {
							if (method_exists($v, '__toString')) {
								$sql .= $this->qstr($v->__toString());
							} else {
								$sql .= $this->qstr((string) $v);
							}
						} else if ($v === null) {
							$sql .= 'NULL';
						} else {
							$sql .= $v;
						}
						$i += 1;

						if ($i == $nparams) {
							break;
						}
					} // while
					if (isset($sqlarr[$i])) {
						$sql .= $sqlarr[$i];
						if ($i+1 != sizeof($sqlarr)) {
							$this->outp_throw( "Input Array does not match ?: ".htmlspecialchars($sql),'Execute');
						}
					} else if ($i != sizeof($sqlarr)) {
						$this->outp_throw( "Input array does not match ?: ".htmlspecialchars($sql),'Execute');
					}

					$ret = $this->_Execute($sql);
					if (!$ret) {
						return $ret;
					}
				}
			} else {
				if ($array_2d) {
					if (is_string($sql)) {
						$stmt = $this->Prepare($sql);
					} else {
						$stmt = $sql;
					}

					foreach($inputarr as $arr) {
						$ret = $this->_Execute($stmt,$arr);
						if (!$ret) {
							return $ret;
						}
					}
				} else {
					$ret = $this->_Execute($sql,$inputarr);
				}
			}
		} else {
			$ret = $this->_Execute($sql,false);
		}

		return $ret;
	}

	function _Execute($sql,$inputarr=false) {
		// ExecuteCursor() may send non-string queries (such as arrays),
		// so we need to ignore those.
		if( is_string($sql) ) {
			// Strips keyword used to help generate SELECT COUNT(*) queries
			// from SQL if it exists.
			$sql = str_replace( '_ADODB_COUNT', '', $sql );
		}

		if ($this->debug) {
			global $ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB;
			if (empty($ADODB_INCLUDED_LIB)) {
				include_once(ADODB_DIR.'/adodb-lib.inc.php');
			}
			$this->_queryID = _adodb_debug_execute($this, $sql,$inputarr);
		} else {
			$this->_queryID = @$this->_query($sql,$inputarr);
		}

		// ************************
		// OK, query executed
		// ************************

		// error handling if query fails
		if ($this->_queryID === false) {
			if ($this->debug == 99) {
				adodb_backtrace(true,5);
			}
			$fn = $this->raiseErrorFn;
			if ($fn) {
				$fn($this->databaseType,'EXECUTE',$this->ErrorNo(),$this->ErrorMsg(),$sql,$inputarr,$this);
			}
			return false;
		}

		// return simplified recordset for inserts/updates/deletes with lower overhead
		if ($this->_queryID === true) {
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix.'empty';
			$rs = (class_exists($rsclass)) ? new $rsclass():  new ADORecordSet_empty();

			return $rs;
		}

		if ($this->dataProvider == 'pdo' && $this->databaseType != 'pdo') {
			// PDO uses a slightly different naming convention for the
			// recordset class if the database type is changed, so we must
			// treat it specifically. The mysql driver leaves the
			// databaseType as pdo
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix . 'pdo_' . $this->databaseType;
		} else {
			$rsclass = $this->rsPrefix . $this->databaseType;
		}

		// return real recordset from select statement
		$rs = new $rsclass($this->_queryID,$this->fetchMode);
		$rs->connection = $this; // Pablo suggestion
		$rs->Init();
		if (is_array($sql)) {
			$rs->sql = $sql[0];
		} else {
			$rs->sql = $sql;
		}
		if ($rs->_numOfRows <= 0) {
			global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
			if ($ADODB_COUNTRECS) {
				if (!$rs->EOF) {
					$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs,-1,-1,!is_array($sql));
					$rs->_queryID = $this->_queryID;
				} else
					$rs->_numOfRows = 0;
			}
		}
		return $rs;
	}

	function CreateSequence($seqname='adodbseq',$startID=1) {
		if (empty($this->_genSeqSQL)) {
			return false;
		}
		return $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_genSeqSQL,$seqname,$startID));
	}

	function DropSequence($seqname='adodbseq') {
		if (empty($this->_dropSeqSQL)) {
			return false;
		}
		return $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_dropSeqSQL,$seqname));
	}

	/**
	 * Generates a sequence id and stores it in $this->genID.
	 *
	 * GenID is only available if $this->hasGenID = true;
	 *
	 * @param string $seqname Name of sequence to use
	 * @param int    $startID If sequence does not exist, start at this ID
	 *
	 * @return int Sequence id, 0 if not supported
	 */
	function GenID($seqname='adodbseq',$startID=1) {
		if (!$this->hasGenID) {
			return 0; // formerly returns false pre 1.60
		}

		$getnext = sprintf($this->_genIDSQL,$seqname);

		$holdtransOK = $this->_transOK;

		$save_handler = $this->raiseErrorFn;
		$this->raiseErrorFn = '';
		@($rs = $this->Execute($getnext));
		$this->raiseErrorFn = $save_handler;

		if (!$rs) {
			$this->_transOK = $holdtransOK; //if the status was ok before reset
			$createseq = $this->Execute(sprintf($this->_genSeqSQL,$seqname,$startID));
			$rs = $this->Execute($getnext);
		}
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			$this->genID = reset($rs->fields);
		} else {
			$this->genID = 0; // false
		}

		if ($rs) {
			$rs->Close();
		}

		return $this->genID;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the last inserted ID.
	 *
	 * Not all databases support this feature. Some do not require to specify
	 * table or column name (e.g. MySQL).
	 *
	 * @param string $table  Table name, default ''
	 * @param string $column Column name, default ''
	 *
	 * @return int The last inserted ID.
	 */
	function Insert_ID($table='',$column='') {
		if ($this->_logsql && $this->lastInsID) {
			return $this->lastInsID;
		}
		if ($this->hasInsertID) {
			return $this->_insertid($table,$column);
		}
		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( '<p>Insert_ID error</p>');
			adodb_backtrace();
		}
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * Portable Insert ID. Pablo Roca <pabloroca#mvps.org>
	 *
	 * @param string $table
	 * @param string $id
	 
	 * @return mixed The last inserted ID. All databases support this, but be 
	 *               aware of possible problems in multiuser environments.
	 *               Heavily test this before deploying.
	 */
	function PO_Insert_ID($table="", $id="") {
		if ($this->hasInsertID){
			return $this->Insert_ID($table,$id);
		} else {
			return $this->GetOne("SELECT MAX($id) FROM $table");
		}
	}

	/**
	* @return # rows affected by UPDATE/DELETE
	*/
	function Affected_Rows() {
		if ($this->hasAffectedRows) {
			if ($this->fnExecute === 'adodb_log_sql') {
				if ($this->_logsql && $this->_affected !== false) {
					return $this->_affected;
				}
			}
			$val = $this->_affectedrows();
			return ($val < 0) ? false : $val;
		}

		if ($this->debug) {
			ADOConnection::outp( '<p>Affected_Rows error</p>',false);
		}
		return false;
	}


	/**
	 * @return string the last error message
	 */
	function ErrorMsg() {
		if ($this->_errorMsg) {
			return '!! '.strtoupper($this->dataProvider.' '.$this->databaseType).': '.$this->_errorMsg;
		} else {
			return '';
		}
	}


	/**
	 * @return int the last error number. Normally 0 means no error.
	 */
	function ErrorNo() {
		return ($this->_errorMsg) ? -1 : 0;
	}

	function MetaError($err=false) {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR."/adodb-error.inc.php");
		if ($err === false) {
			$err = $this->ErrorNo();
		}
		return adodb_error($this->dataProvider,$this->databaseType,$err);
	}

	function MetaErrorMsg($errno) {
		include_once(ADODB_DIR."/adodb-error.inc.php");
		return adodb_errormsg($errno);
	}

	/**
	 * @returns an array with the primary key columns in it.
	 */
	function MetaPrimaryKeys($table, $owner=false) {
	// owner not used in base class - see oci8
		$p = array();
		$objs = $this->MetaColumns($table);
		if ($objs) {
			foreach($objs as $v) {
				if (!empty($v->primary_key)) {
					$p[] = $v->name;
				}
			}
		}
		if (sizeof($p)) {
			return $p;
		}
		if (function_exists('ADODB_VIEW_PRIMARYKEYS')) {
			return ADODB_VIEW_PRIMARYKEYS($this->databaseType, $this->database, $table, $owner);
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @returns assoc array where keys are tables, and values are foreign keys
	 */
	function MetaForeignKeys($table, $owner=false, $upper=false) {
		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * Choose a database to connect to. Many databases do not support this.
	 *
	 * @param string $dbName the name of the database to select
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function SelectDB($dbName) {return false;}


	/**
	 * Select a limited number of rows.
	 *
	 * Will select, getting rows from $offset (1-based), for $nrows.
	 * This simulates the MySQL "select * from table limit $offset,$nrows" , and
	 * the PostgreSQL "select * from table limit $nrows offset $offset". Note that
	 * MySQL and PostgreSQL parameter ordering is the opposite of the other.
	 * eg.
	 *  SelectLimit('select * from table',3); will return rows 1 to 3 (1-based)
	 *  SelectLimit('select * from table',3,2); will return rows 3 to 5 (1-based)
	 *
	 * Uses SELECT TOP for Microsoft databases (when $this->hasTop is set)
	 * BUG: Currently SelectLimit fails with $sql with LIMIT or TOP clause already set
	 *
	 * @param string     $sql
	 * @param int        $offset     Row to start calculations from (1-based)
	 * @param int        $nrows      Number of rows to get
	 * @param array|bool $inputarr   Array of bind variables
	 * @param int        $secs2cache Private parameter only used by jlim
	 *
	 * @return ADORecordSet The recordset ($rs->databaseType == 'array')
	 */
	function SelectLimit($sql,$nrows=-1,$offset=-1, $inputarr=false,$secs2cache=0) {
		$nrows = (int)$nrows;
		$offset = (int)$offset;

		if ($this->hasTop && $nrows > 0) {
			// suggested by Reinhard Balling. Access requires top after distinct
			// Informix requires first before distinct - F Riosa
			$ismssql = (strpos($this->databaseType,'mssql') !== false);
			if ($ismssql) {
				$isaccess = false;
			} else {
				$isaccess = (strpos($this->databaseType,'access') !== false);
			}

			if ($offset <= 0) {
				// access includes ties in result
				if ($isaccess) {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nrows.' ',
						$sql
					);

					if ($secs2cache != 0) {
						$ret = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache, $sql,$inputarr);
					} else {
						$ret = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
					}
					return $ret; // PHP5 fix
				} else if ($ismssql){
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nrows.' ',
						$sql
					);
				} else {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nrows.' ',
						$sql
					);
				}
			} else {
				$nn = $nrows + $offset;
				if ($isaccess || $ismssql) {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s+(distinctrow|distinct)?)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nn.' ',
						$sql
					);
				} else {
					$sql = preg_replace(
						'/(^\s*select\s)/i',
						'\\1 '.$this->hasTop.' '.$nn.' ',
						$sql
					);
				}
			}
		}

		// if $offset>0, we want to skip rows, and $ADODB_COUNTRECS is set, we buffer  rows
		// 0 to offset-1 which will be discarded anyway. So we disable $ADODB_COUNTRECS.
		global $ADODB_COUNTRECS;

		$savec = $ADODB_COUNTRECS;
		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = false;


		if ($secs2cache != 0) {
			$rs = $this->CacheExecute($secs2cache,$sql,$inputarr);
		} else {
			$rs = $this->Execute($sql,$inputarr);
		}

		$ADODB_COUNTRECS = $savec;
		if ($rs && !$rs->EOF) {
			$rs = $this->_rs2rs($rs,$nrows,$offset);
		}
		//print_r($rs);
		return $rs;
	}

	/**
	* Create serializable recordset. Breaks rs link to connection.
	*
	* @param ADORecordSet $rs the recordset to serialize
	 *
	* @return ADORecordSet_array|bool the new recordset
	*/
	function SerializableRS(&$rs) {
		$rs2 = $this->_rs2rs($rs);
		$ignore = false;
		$rs2->connection = $ignore;

		return $rs2;
	}

	/**
	* Convert a database recordset to an array recordset.
	 *
	* Input recordset's cursor should be at beginning, and old $rs will be closed.
	…