/contrib/tcsh/FAQ
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1 2 [Home] FAQ 3 4 Home | RecentChanges | Preferences 5 _________________________________________________________________ 6 7 This is for people who do not read the manual! 8 9 So far people who don't read manuals don't read this either... I may 10 call it README.*PLEASE* in the future, but then the same people won't 11 be able to get ftp it... :-) 12 _________________________________________________________________ 13 14 1. Where can I find tcsh sources? 15 16 See http://www.tcsh.org/MostRecentRelease for download locations. 17 _________________________________________________________________ 18 19 2. Why is the meta key broken in tcsh-5.20 and up? 20 21 On some machines the tty is not set up to pass 8 bit characters by 22 default. Tcsh 5.19 used to try to determine if pass8 should be set by 23 looking at the terminal's meta key. Unfortunately there is no good way 24 of determining if the terminal can really pass 8 characters or not. 25 Consider if you are logged in through a modem line with 7 bits and 26 parity and your terminal has a meta key. Then tcsh 5.19 would set 27 wrongly set pass8. 28 29 If you did like the previous behavior you can add in /etc/csh.login, 30 or in .login: 31 32 if ( $?tcsh && $?prompt ) then 33 if ( "`echotc meta`" == "yes" ) then 34 stty pass8 35 endif 36 endif 37 38 If you don't have pass8, maybe one of these would work.. 39 40 stty -parity -evenp -oddp cs8 -istrip (rs6000) 41 stty -parenb -istrip cs8 42 43 Finally, tcsh will bind all printable meta characters to the self 44 insert command. If you don't want that to happen (i.e. use the 45 printable meta characters for commands) setenv NOREBIND. 46 _________________________________________________________________ 47 48 3. I ran 'dbxtool &' and 'shelltool &' from tcsh, and they end up in 49 cbreak and no echo mode? 50 51 These programs are broken. Background jobs should not try to look at 52 the tty. What happens is that dbxtool looks in stderr to inherit the 53 tty setups, but tcsh sets up the tty in cbreak and -echo modes, so 54 that it can do line editing. This cannot be fixed because tcsh cannot 55 give away the tty. Pick one of the following as a workaround: 56 57 dbxtool < /dev/null >& /dev/null & 58 /usr/etc/setsid dbxtool & 59 60 If that does not work, for dbxtool at least you can add "sh stty sane" 61 in your .dbxinit 62 _________________________________________________________________ 63 64 4. I tried to compile tcsh and it cannot find <locale.h>? 65 66 Your system does not support NLS. Undefine NLS in config_f.h and it 67 should work fine. 68 _________________________________________________________________ 69 70 5. Where can I get csh sources? 71 72 Csh sources are now available with the 4.4BSD networking 73 distributions. You don't need csh sources to compile tcsh-6.0x. 74 _________________________________________________________________ 75 76 6. I just made tcsh my login shell, and I cannot ftp any more? 77 78 Newer versions of the ftp daemon check for the validity of the user's 79 shell before they allow logins. The list of valid login shells is 80 either hardcoded or it is usually in a file called /etc/shells. If it 81 is hard-coded, then you are out of luck and your best bet is to get a 82 newer version of ftpd. Otherwise add tcsh to the list of shells. [For 83 AIX this file is called /etc/security/login.cfg.] Remember that the 84 full path is required. If there is no /etc/shells, and you are 85 creating one, remember to add /bin/csh, /bin/sh, and any other valid 86 shells for your system, so that other people can ftp too :-) 87 _________________________________________________________________ 88 89 7. I am using SunView or OpenWindows and editing is screwed up. In 90 particular my arrow keys and backspace don't work right. What am I 91 doing wrong? 92 93 Well, cmdtool tries to do its own command line editing and the effect 94 you get is one of using an editor inside an editor. Both try to 95 interpret the arrow key sequences and cmdtool wins since it gets them 96 first. The solutions are in my order of preference: 97 98 1. Don't use suntools 99 2. Use shelltool instead of cmdtool. 100 3. Unset edit in tcsh. 101 _________________________________________________________________ 102 103 8. On a SPARCstation running Solaris 2.x and OpenWindows 3.1, inside a 104 cmdtool, the short-cut key sequence to clear log (i.e. Meta-e or 105 Diamond-e) doesn't work: it just echos 'e'; or 106 107 Unset edit in tcsh. 108 _________________________________________________________________ 109 110 9. On a SPARCstation running Solaris 2.x and OpenWindows 3.1, maketool 111 (within SPARCworks) doesn't work: it just does a `cd' to the working 112 directory then stops. 113 114 Unset edit in tcsh. Using shelltool instead of cmdtool does not fix 115 this. 116 _________________________________________________________________ 117 118 10. I rlogin to another machine, and then no matter what I tell 'stty' 119 I cannot get it to pass 8 bit characters? 120 121 Maybe you need to use 'rlogin -8' to tell rlogin to pass 8 bit 122 characters. 123 _________________________________________________________________ 124 125 11. Where do I get the public domain directory library? 126 127 Anonymous ftp to prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/dirent.tar.Z 128 _________________________________________________________________ 129 130 12. I compiled tcsh using gcc, and when I start up it says: tcsh: 131 Warning no access to tty (Invalid Argument). Thus no job control in 132 this shell 133 134 Your <sys/ioctl.h> file is not ansi compliant. You have one of 3 135 choices: 136 137 1. Run fixincludes from the gcc distribution. 138 2. Add -traditional to the gcc flags. 139 3. Compile with cc. 140 _________________________________________________________________ 141 142 13. I compiled tcsh with the SunOS unbundled compiler and now things 143 get echo'ed twice. 144 145 It is a bug in the unbundled optimizer. Lower the optimization level. 146 _________________________________________________________________ 147 148 14. How can I use the arrow keys with hpterm? 149 150 Hp terminals use the arrow keys internally. You can tell hpterm not to 151 do that, by sending it the termcap sequence smkx. Since this has to be 152 done all the time, the easiest thing is to put it as an alias for 153 precmd, or inside the prompt: 154 155 if ($term == "hp") then 156 set prompt="%{`echotc smkx`%}$prompt" 157 endif 158 159 Note that by doing that you cannot use pgup and pgdn to scroll... Also 160 if you are using termcap, replace "smkx" with "ks"... 161 _________________________________________________________________ 162 163 15. On POSIX machines ^C and ^Z will do not work when tcsh is a login 164 shell? 165 166 Make sure that the interrupt character is set to ^C and suspend is set 167 to ^Z; 'stty -a' will show you the current stty settings; 'stty intr 168 ^C susp ^Z' will set them to ^C and ^Z respectively. 169 _________________________________________________________________ 170 171 16. I am trying to compile tcsh and I am getting compile errors that 172 look like: 173 174 >sh.c:???: `STR???' undeclared, outside of functions [gcc] 175 >"sh.c", line ???: STR??? undefined [cc] 176 177 You interrupted make, while it was making the automatically generated 178 headers. Type 'make clean; make' 179 _________________________________________________________________ 180 181 17. On the cray, sometimes the CR/LF mapping gets screwed up. 182 183 You are probably logged in to the cray via telnet. Cray's telnetd 184 implements line mode selection the telnet client you are using does 185 not implement telnet line mode. This cause the Cray's telnetd to try 186 to use KLUDGELINEMODE. You can turn off telnet line mode from the cray 187 side by doing a "stty -extproc", or you can get the Cray AIC to build 188 a telnetd without KLUDGELINEMODE, or you can compile a new telnet 189 client (from the BSD net2 tape), or at least on the suns use: 'mode 190 character'. 191 _________________________________________________________________ 192 193 18. On AU/X, I made tcsh my startup shell, but the mac desktop is not 194 starting up (no X11 or Finder), and I only get console emulation. 195 196 This is another manifestation of item 5. Just add the pathname to tcsh 197 in /etc/shells and everything should work fine. 198 _________________________________________________________________ 199 200 19. On machines that use YP (NIS) tilde expansion might end up in 201 /dev/null 202 203 If this happens complain to your vendor, to get a new version of NIS. 204 You can fix that in tcsh by defining YPBUGS in config.h 205 _________________________________________________________________ 206 207 20. Script on SGI 4.0.5 does not give us a tty, so we cannot have job 208 control. 209 210 Their csh does not have job control either. Try: 211 212 % script 213 % cat > /dev/tty 214 _________________________________________________________________ 215 216 21. I start tcsh and it takes a couple of minutes to get the prompt. 217 218 You have defined REMOTEHOST and your DNS is not responding. Either 219 undefine REMOTEHOST and recompile or fix your DNS. 220 _________________________________________________________________ 221 222 22. If you need help generating your .cshrc file, check out: 223 224 http://www.imada.sdu.dk/~blackie/dotfile/ 225 226 or 227 http://www.dotfiles.com 228 _________________________________________________________________ 229 230 23. On POSIX systems the kernel will send hup signals to all the 231 processes in the foreground process group if 'stty hupcl' is set. 232 233 For example 234 235 ./tcsh 236 echo $$ 237 591 238 ./tcsh 239 kill -6 591 240 241 Will kill everything, since hup will be sent to all tcsh processes. To 242 avoid that you can set stty -hupcl, but it is not recommended. 243 _________________________________________________________________ 244 245 24. When I rsh the meta key stops working on the remote machine. 246 247 Try using rsh -8; this option is undocumented on some systems, but it 248 works. If that does not work, get and use ssh/sshd. You'll be better 249 off from a security point of view anyway. 250 _________________________________________________________________ 251 252 25. Tcsh compiled under hp/ux-10.x does not pass resource limits 253 correctly when ran on hp/ux-11.x systems. 254 255 This is a problem with lack of ABI compatibility between the two 256 systems. The only solution is to recompile. 257 _________________________________________________________________ 258 259 26. Refreshing in command line editing can appear broken on some OS's 260 261 This is because the termcap/terminfo description lies about the 262 ability of the terminal to use tabs. At least on Compaq/DEC Alpha 263 OSF/1 3.x and 4.x systems, stty -tabs will cause problems. 264 _________________________________________________________________ 265 266 27. Where can I learn the merits of tcsh vs. bash vs. csh vs. sh etc? 267 268 You can read the manual page section titled [NEW FEATURES] listing 269 features that tcsh adds to csh. 270 271 You can read Tom Christiansen's [Csh Programming Considered Harmful], 272 a document advocating that csh (and by extension, tcsh) should not be 273 used for writing shell scripts. 274 275 XXX: Need to find something about [bash], but bash is sh-compatible 276 and has many of the same interactive features of tcsh (command 277 completion does not appear to be as flexible, though). 278 279 [Curtains up: introducing the Z shell] has a pretty good rundown on 280 zsh. Aside from the arguments about csh being evil, tcsh appears to 281 compare well with zsh [zsh]. Zsh is sh and ksh compatible, with many 282 of the interactive features of tcsh. 283 _________________________________________________________________ 284 285 28. Why does FreeBSD's tcsh do history browsing differently than I 286 expect? 287 288 On FreeBSD, by default, the up arrow is set to 289 "history-search-backward", rather than the default "up-history". As a 290 result, if you type (part of) a word and press up arrow, you'll see 291 previous commands that match the prefix. Pretty useful, actually, 292 although it takes some getting used to. You can use bindkey to see 293 your settings, and to rebind up & down differently if desired. 294 _________________________________________________________________ 295 296 Everything else is a bug :-( 297 298 Christos 299 _________________________________________________________________ 300 301 Home | RecentChanges | Preferences 302 Edit text of this page | View other revisions 303 Last edited April 29, 2004 15:02 (diff) 304 Search: ____________________