/contrib/bind9/bin/dig/host.1
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- .\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
- .\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
- .\"
- .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- .\"
- .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
- .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- .\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
- .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
- .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
- .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- .\"
- .\" $Id$
- .\"
- .hy 0
- .ad l
- .\" Title: host
- .\" Author:
- .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.71.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
- .\" Date: Jun 30, 2000
- .\" Manual: BIND9
- .\" Source: BIND9
- .\"
- .TH "HOST" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "BIND9"
- .\" disable hyphenation
- .nh
- .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
- .ad l
- .SH "NAME"
- host \- DNS lookup utility
- .SH "SYNOPSIS"
- .HP 5
- \fBhost\fR [\fB\-aCdlnrsTwv\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fR\fB\fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-N\ \fR\fB\fIndots\fR\fR] [\fB\-R\ \fR\fB\fInumber\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fR\fB\fItype\fR\fR] [\fB\-W\ \fR\fB\fIwait\fR\fR] [\fB\-m\ \fR\fB\fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] {name} [server]
- .SH "DESCRIPTION"
- .PP
- \fBhost\fR
- is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given,
- \fBhost\fR
- prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
- .PP
- \fIname\fR
- is the domain name that is to be looked up. It can also be a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address, in which case
- \fBhost\fR
- will by default perform a reverse lookup for that address.
- \fIserver\fR
- is an optional argument which is either the name or IP address of the name server that
- \fBhost\fR
- should query instead of the server or servers listed in
- \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-a\fR
- (all) option is equivalent to setting the
- \fB\-v\fR
- option and asking
- \fBhost\fR
- to make a query of type ANY.
- .PP
- When the
- \fB\-C\fR
- option is used,
- \fBhost\fR
- will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
- \fIname\fR
- from all the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are found for the zone.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-c\fR
- option instructs to make a DNS query of class
- \fIclass\fR. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
- .PP
- Verbose output is generated by
- \fBhost\fR
- when the
- \fB\-d\fR
- or
- \fB\-v\fR
- option is used. The two options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards compatibility. In previous versions, the
- \fB\-d\fR
- option switched on debugging traces and
- \fB\-v\fR
- enabled verbose output.
- .PP
- List mode is selected by the
- \fB\-l\fR
- option. This makes
- \fBhost\fR
- perform a zone transfer for zone
- \fIname\fR. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with
- \fB\-a\fR
- all records will be printed.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-i\fR
- option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-N\fR
- option sets the number of dots that have to be in
- \fIname\fR
- for it to be considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
- \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the
- \fBsearch\fR
- or
- \fBdomain\fR
- directive in
- \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR.
- .PP
- The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
- \fB\-R\fR
- option.
- \fInumber\fR
- indicates how many times
- \fBhost\fR
- will repeat a query that does not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
- \fInumber\fR
- is negative or zero, the number of retries will default to 1.
- .PP
- Non\-recursive queries can be made via the
- \fB\-r\fR
- option. Setting this option clears the
- \fBRD\fR
- \(em recursion desired \(em bit in the query which
- \fBhost\fR
- makes. This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not attempt to resolve
- \fIname\fR. The
- \fB\-r\fR
- option enables
- \fBhost\fR
- to mimic the behavior of a name server by making non\-recursive queries and expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually referrals to other name servers.
- .PP
- By default,
- \fBhost\fR
- uses UDP when making queries. The
- \fB\-T\fR
- option makes it use a TCP connection when querying the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-4\fR
- option forces
- \fBhost\fR
- to only use IPv4 query transport. The
- \fB\-6\fR
- option forces
- \fBhost\fR
- to only use IPv6 query transport.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-t\fR
- option is used to select the query type.
- \fItype\fR
- can be any recognized query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
- \fBhost\fR
- automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default, it looks for A, AAAA, and MX records, but if the
- \fB\-C\fR
- option was given, queries will be made for SOA records, and if
- \fIname\fR
- is a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or colon\-delimited IPv6 address,
- \fBhost\fR
- will query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the starting serial number (e.g. \-t IXFR=12345678).
- .PP
- The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
- \fB\-W\fR
- and
- \fB\-w\fR
- options. The
- \fB\-W\fR
- option makes
- \fBhost\fR
- wait for
- \fIwait\fR
- seconds. If
- \fIwait\fR
- is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
- \fB\-w\fR
- option is used,
- \fBhost\fR
- will effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum value for an integer quantity.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-s\fR
- option tells
- \fBhost\fR
- \fInot\fR
- to send the query to the next nameserver if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
- .PP
- The
- \fB\-m\fR
- can be used to set the memory usage debugging flags
- \fIrecord\fR,
- \fIusage\fR
- and
- \fItrace\fR.
- .SH "IDN SUPPORT"
- .PP
- If
- \fBhost\fR
- has been built with IDN (internationalized domain name) support, it can accept and display non\-ASCII domain names.
- \fBhost\fR
- appropriately converts character encoding of domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a reply from the server. If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines the
- \fBIDN_DISABLE\fR
- environment variable. The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
- \fBhost\fR
- runs.
- .SH "FILES"
- .PP
- \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .PP
- \fBdig\fR(1),
- \fBnamed\fR(8).
- .SH "COPYRIGHT"
- Copyright \(co 2004, 2005, 2007\-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
- .br
- Copyright \(co 2000\-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
- .br