/share/doc/usd/22.trofftut/tt04

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  1. .\" This module is believed to contain source code proprietary to AT&T.
  2. .\" Use and redistribution is subject to the Berkeley Software License
  3. .\" Agreement and your Software Agreement with AT&T (Western Electric).
  4. .\"
  5. .\" @(#)tt04 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
  6. .\" Copyright (C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved.
  7. .\"
  8. .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  9. .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  10. .\" met:
  11. .\"
  12. .\" Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the above
  13. .\" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
  14. .\" disclaimer.
  15. .\"
  16. .\" Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  17. .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  18. .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  19. .\"
  20. .\" All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  21. .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
  22. .\"
  23. .\" This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera
  24. .\" International, Inc. Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc.
  25. .\" nor the names of other contributors may be used to endorse or promote
  26. .\" products derived from this software without specific prior written
  27. .\" permission.
  28. .\"
  29. .\" USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA
  30. .\" INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  31. .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
  32. .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  33. .\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE LIABLE
  34. .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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  37. .\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
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  40. .\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  41. .\"
  42. .\" $FreeBSD$
  43. .\"
  44. .NH
  45. Indents and Line Lengths
  46. .PP
  47. .UL troff
  48. starts with a line length of 6.5 inches,
  49. which some people think is too wide for 8\(12\(mu11 paper.
  50. To reset the line length,
  51. use
  52. the
  53. .BD .ll
  54. command, as in
  55. .P1
  56. ^ll 6i
  57. .P2
  58. As with
  59. .BD .sp ,
  60. the actual length can be specified in several ways;
  61. inches are probably the most intuitive.
  62. .PP
  63. The maximum line length provided by the typesetter is 7.5 inches, by the way.
  64. To use the full width, you will have to reset the default physical left margin (``page offset''),
  65. which is normally slightly less than one inch from the left edge
  66. of the paper.
  67. This is done by the
  68. .BD .po
  69. command.
  70. .P1
  71. ^po 0
  72. .P2
  73. sets the offset as far to the left as it will go.
  74. .WS
  75. .PP
  76. The indent command
  77. .BD .in
  78. causes the left margin to be indented
  79. by some specified amount from the page offset.
  80. If we use
  81. .BD .in
  82. to move the left margin in,
  83. and
  84. .BD .ll
  85. to move the right margin to the left,
  86. we can
  87. make offset blocks of text:
  88. .P1
  89. ^in 0.3i
  90. ^ll \(mi0.3i
  91. text to be set into a block
  92. ^ll +0.3i
  93. ^in \(mi0.3i
  94. .P2
  95. will create a block that looks like this:
  96. .P1
  97. .fi
  98. .ll -0.3i
  99. Pater noster qui est in caelis sanctificetur nomen tuum;
  100. adveniat regnum tuum; fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo,
  101. et in terra. ...
  102. Amen.
  103. .ll +0.3i
  104. .P2
  105. Notice the use of `+' and `\(mi'
  106. to specify the amount of change.
  107. These change the previous setting by the specified amount,
  108. rather than just overriding it.
  109. The distinction is quite important:
  110. .BD .ll\ +1i
  111. makes lines one inch longer;
  112. .BD .ll\ 1i
  113. makes them one inch
  114. .ul
  115. long.
  116. .PP
  117. With
  118. .BD .in ,
  119. .BD .ll
  120. and
  121. .BD .po ,
  122. the previous value is used if no argument is specified.
  123. .PP
  124. To indent a single line, use the `temporary indent'
  125. command
  126. .BD .ti .
  127. For example, all paragraphs in this memo
  128. effectively begin with the command
  129. .P1
  130. ^ti 3
  131. .P2
  132. Three of what?
  133. The default unit for
  134. .BD .ti ,
  135. as for most horizontally oriented commands
  136. .BD .ll , (
  137. .BD .in ,
  138. .BD .po ),
  139. is ems;
  140. an em is roughly the width of the letter `m'
  141. in the current point size.
  142. (Precisely, an em in size
  143. .ul
  144. p
  145. is
  146. .ul
  147. p
  148. points.)
  149. Although inches are usually clearer than ems to people who don't set type
  150. for a living,
  151. ems have a place:
  152. they are a measure of size that is proportional to the current point size.
  153. If you want to make text that keeps its proportions
  154. regardless of point size,
  155. you should use ems for all dimensions.
  156. Ems can be specified as scale factors directly,
  157. as in
  158. .BD .ti\ 2.5m .
  159. .PP
  160. Lines can also be indented negatively
  161. if the indent is already positive:
  162. .P1
  163. ^ti \(mi0.3i
  164. .P2
  165. causes the next line to be moved back three tenths of an inch.
  166. Thus to make a decorative initial capital,
  167. we indent the whole paragraph, then move the letter `P' back with
  168. a
  169. .BD .ti
  170. command:
  171. .P1
  172. .ll -0.3i
  173. .fi
  174. .in +.3i
  175. .ti -0.3i
  176. \s36\v'2'P\v'-2'\s0ater noster qui est in caelis sanctificetur
  177. nomen tuum;
  178. adveniat regnum tuum;
  179. 'in -.3i
  180. fiat voluntas tua,
  181. sicut in caelo, et in terra. ...
  182. Amen.
  183. .ll +0.3i
  184. .P2
  185. Of course, there is also some trickery to make the `P'
  186. bigger (just a `\es36P\es0'),
  187. and to move it
  188. down from its normal position
  189. (see the section on local motions).