/share/man/man5/group.5

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  32. .\" From: @(#)group.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
  33. .\" $FreeBSD$
  34. .\"
  35. .Dd September 29, 1994
  36. .Dt GROUP 5
  37. .Os
  38. .Sh NAME
  39. .Nm group
  40. .Nd format of the group permissions file
  41. .Sh DESCRIPTION
  42. The
  43. .Nm
  44. file is the local source of group information.
  45. It can be used in conjunction with the Hesiod domain
  46. `group', and the NIS maps `group.byname' and `group.bygid',
  47. as controlled by
  48. .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 .
  49. .Pp
  50. The file
  51. .Nm
  52. consists of newline separated
  53. .Tn ASCII
  54. records, one per group, containing four colon
  55. .Ql \&:
  56. separated fields.
  57. These fields are as follows:
  58. .Bl -tag -width password -offset indent -compact
  59. .It group
  60. Name of the group.
  61. .It passwd
  62. Group's
  63. .Em encrypted
  64. password.
  65. .It gid
  66. The group's decimal ID.
  67. .It member
  68. Group members.
  69. .El
  70. .Pp
  71. Lines whose first non-whitespace character is a pound-sign (#)
  72. are comments, and are ignored.
  73. Blank lines that consist
  74. only of spaces, tabs or newlines are also ignored.
  75. .Pp
  76. The
  77. .Ar group
  78. field is the group name used for granting file access to users
  79. who are members of the group.
  80. The
  81. .Ar gid
  82. field is the number associated with the group name.
  83. They should both be unique across the system (and often
  84. across a group of systems) since they control file access.
  85. The
  86. .Ar passwd
  87. field
  88. is an optional
  89. .Em encrypted
  90. password.
  91. This field is rarely used
  92. and an asterisk is normally placed in it rather than leaving it blank.
  93. The
  94. .Ar member
  95. field contains the names of users granted the privileges of
  96. .Ar group .
  97. The member names are separated by commas without spaces or newlines.
  98. A user is automatically in a group if that group was specified
  99. in their
  100. .Pa /etc/passwd
  101. entry and does not need to be added to that group in the
  102. .Nm
  103. file.
  104. .\" .Pp
  105. .\" When the system reads the file
  106. .\" .Pa /etc/group
  107. .\" the fields are read into the structure
  108. .\" .Fa group
  109. .\" declared in
  110. .\" .In grp.h :
  111. .\" .Bd -literal -offset indent
  112. .\" struct group {
  113. .\" char *gr_name; /* group name */
  114. .\" char *gr_passwd; /* group password */
  115. .\" int gr_gid; /* group id */
  116. .\" char **gr_mem; /* group members */
  117. .\" };
  118. .\" .Ed
  119. .Sh LIMITS
  120. There are various limitations which are explained in
  121. the function where they occur; see section
  122. .Sx SEE ALSO .
  123. .Pp
  124. In older implementations,
  125. a group cannot have more than 200 members.
  126. The maximum line length of
  127. .Pa /etc/group
  128. is 1024 characters.
  129. Longer lines will be skipped.
  130. This limitation disappeared in
  131. .Fx 3.0 .
  132. Older binaries that are statically linked, depend on old
  133. shared libraries, or
  134. .No non- Ns Fx
  135. binaries in compatibility mode
  136. may still have this limit.
  137. .Sh FILES
  138. .Bl -tag -width /etc/group -compact
  139. .It Pa /etc/group
  140. .El
  141. .Sh SEE ALSO
  142. .Xr passwd 1 ,
  143. .Xr setgroups 2 ,
  144. .Xr crypt 3 ,
  145. .Xr getgrent 3 ,
  146. .Xr initgroups 3 ,
  147. .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
  148. .Xr passwd 5 ,
  149. .Xr chkgrp 8 ,
  150. .Xr pw 8 ,
  151. .Xr yp 8
  152. .Sh HISTORY
  153. A
  154. .Nm
  155. file format appeared in
  156. .At v6 .
  157. Support for comments first appeared in
  158. .Fx 3.0 .
  159. .Sh BUGS
  160. The
  161. .Xr passwd 1
  162. command does not change the
  163. .Nm
  164. passwords.