/share/man/man5/group.5
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- .\" From: @(#)group.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
- .\" $FreeBSD$
- .\"
- .Dd September 29, 1994
- .Dt GROUP 5
- .Os
- .Sh NAME
- .Nm group
- .Nd format of the group permissions file
- .Sh DESCRIPTION
- The
- .Nm
- file is the local source of group information.
- It can be used in conjunction with the Hesiod domain
- `group', and the NIS maps `group.byname' and `group.bygid',
- as controlled by
- .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 .
- .Pp
- The file
- .Nm
- consists of newline separated
- .Tn ASCII
- records, one per group, containing four colon
- .Ql \&:
- separated fields.
- These fields are as follows:
- .Bl -tag -width password -offset indent -compact
- .It group
- Name of the group.
- .It passwd
- Group's
- .Em encrypted
- password.
- .It gid
- The group's decimal ID.
- .It member
- Group members.
- .El
- .Pp
- Lines whose first non-whitespace character is a pound-sign (#)
- are comments, and are ignored.
- Blank lines that consist
- only of spaces, tabs or newlines are also ignored.
- .Pp
- The
- .Ar group
- field is the group name used for granting file access to users
- who are members of the group.
- The
- .Ar gid
- field is the number associated with the group name.
- They should both be unique across the system (and often
- across a group of systems) since they control file access.
- The
- .Ar passwd
- field
- is an optional
- .Em encrypted
- password.
- This field is rarely used
- and an asterisk is normally placed in it rather than leaving it blank.
- The
- .Ar member
- field contains the names of users granted the privileges of
- .Ar group .
- The member names are separated by commas without spaces or newlines.
- A user is automatically in a group if that group was specified
- in their
- .Pa /etc/passwd
- entry and does not need to be added to that group in the
- .Nm
- file.
- .\" .Pp
- .\" When the system reads the file
- .\" .Pa /etc/group
- .\" the fields are read into the structure
- .\" .Fa group
- .\" declared in
- .\" .In grp.h :
- .\" .Bd -literal -offset indent
- .\" struct group {
- .\" char *gr_name; /* group name */
- .\" char *gr_passwd; /* group password */
- .\" int gr_gid; /* group id */
- .\" char **gr_mem; /* group members */
- .\" };
- .\" .Ed
- .Sh LIMITS
- There are various limitations which are explained in
- the function where they occur; see section
- .Sx SEE ALSO .
- .Pp
- In older implementations,
- a group cannot have more than 200 members.
- The maximum line length of
- .Pa /etc/group
- is 1024 characters.
- Longer lines will be skipped.
- This limitation disappeared in
- .Fx 3.0 .
- Older binaries that are statically linked, depend on old
- shared libraries, or
- .No non- Ns Fx
- binaries in compatibility mode
- may still have this limit.
- .Sh FILES
- .Bl -tag -width /etc/group -compact
- .It Pa /etc/group
- .El
- .Sh SEE ALSO
- .Xr passwd 1 ,
- .Xr setgroups 2 ,
- .Xr crypt 3 ,
- .Xr getgrent 3 ,
- .Xr initgroups 3 ,
- .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
- .Xr passwd 5 ,
- .Xr chkgrp 8 ,
- .Xr pw 8 ,
- .Xr yp 8
- .Sh HISTORY
- A
- .Nm
- file format appeared in
- .At v6 .
- Support for comments first appeared in
- .Fx 3.0 .
- .Sh BUGS
- The
- .Xr passwd 1
- command does not change the
- .Nm
- passwords.