/share/man/man3/end.3

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  1. .\" Copyright (c) 1986
    2. 

  2. .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
    3. 

  3. .\"
    4. 

  4. .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    5. 

  5. .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    6. 

  6. .\" are met:
    7. 

  7. .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    8. 

  8. .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    9. 

  9. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    10. 

  10. .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    11. 

  11. .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    12. 

  12. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
    13. 

  13. .\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
    14. 

  14. .\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
    15. 

  15. .\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
    16. 

  16. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
    17. 

  17. .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
    18. 

  18. .\"    without specific prior written permission.
    19. 

  19. .\"
    20. 

  20. .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
    21. 

  21. .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    22. 

  22. .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    23. 

  23. .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    24. 

  24. .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    25. 

  25. .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    26. 

  26. .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    27. 

  27. .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    28. 

  28. .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
    29. 

  29. .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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  30. .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
    31. 

  31. .\"
    32. 

  32. .\"	@(#)end.3	6.4 (Berkeley) 1/24/94
    33. 

  33. .\" $FreeBSD$
    34. 

  34. .\"
    35. 

  35. .Dd August 28, 2000
    36. 

  36. .Dt END 3
    37. 

  37. .Os
    38. 

  38. .Sh NAME
    39. 

  39. .Nm end ,
    40. 

  40. .Nm etext ,
    41. 

  41. .Nm edata
    42. 

  42. .Nd end boundaries of image segments
    43. 

  43. .Sh SYNOPSIS
    44. 

  44. .Vt extern end ;
    45. 

  45. .Vt extern etext ;
    46. 

  46. .Vt extern edata ;
    47. 

  47. .Sh DESCRIPTION
    48. 

  48. The globals
    49. 

  49. .Va end , etext
    50. 

  50. and
    51. 

  51. .Va edata
    52. 

  52. are program segment end addresses.
    53. 

  53. .Pp
    54. 

  54. .Va etext
    55. 

  55. is the first address after the end of the text segment.
    56. 

  56. .Pp
    57. 

  57. .Va edata
    58. 

  58. is the first address after the end of the initialized data segment.
    59. 

  59. .Pp
    60. 

  60. .Va end
    61. 

  61. is the first address after the end of the data segment
    62. 

  62. .Pq Tn BSS
    63. 

  63. when the program is loaded.
    64. 

  64. Use the
    65. 

  65. .Xr sbrk 2
    66. 

  66. .\".Fn sbrk 0
    67. 

  67. system call with zero as its argument to find the current end of the
    68. 

  68. data segment.
    69. 

  69. .Sh SEE ALSO
    70. 

  70. .Xr sbrk 2 ,
    71. 

  71. .Xr malloc 3 ,
    72. 

  72. .Xr a.out 5
    73. 

  73. .Sh HISTORY
    74. 

  74. An
    75. 

  75. .Nm
    76. 

  76. manual page appeared in
    77. 

  77. .At v6 .
    78. 

  78. .Sh BUGS
    79. 

  79. Traditionally, no variable existed that pointed to the start of the
    80. 

  80. text segment because the text segment always started at address zero.
    81. 

  81. Although it is no longer valid to make this assumption, no
    82. 

  82. variable similar to the ones documented above exists to point to the
    83. 

  83. start of the text segment.
    84.