/share/man/man3/intro.3

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  1. .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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  32. .\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
  33. .\" $FreeBSD$
  34. .\"
  35. .Dd June 5, 1993
  36. .Dt INTRO 3
  37. .Os
  38. .Sh NAME
  39. .Nm intro
  40. .Nd introduction to the C libraries
  41. .Sh DESCRIPTION
  42. This section provides an overview of the C
  43. library functions, their error returns and other
  44. common definitions and concepts.
  45. Most of these functions are available from the C library,
  46. .Em libc .
  47. .\" (see
  48. .\" .Xr libc 3 ) .
  49. Other libraries, such as the math library,
  50. .Em libm ,
  51. must be indicated at compile time with the
  52. .Fl l
  53. option of the compiler.
  54. .\" .Pp
  55. .\" A subset of the
  56. .\" .Xr libc functions
  57. .\" are available from Fortran;
  58. .\" they are described separately in
  59. .\" .Xr intro 3f .
  60. .Pp
  61. The various libraries (followed by the loader flag):
  62. .Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)"
  63. .It Xr libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c
  64. Standard C library functions.
  65. .\" (See
  66. .\" .Xr libc 3 . )
  67. When using the C compiler
  68. .Xr cc 1 ,
  69. it is not necessary
  70. to supply the loader flag
  71. .Fl l Ns Ar c
  72. for these functions.
  73. There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of
  74. .Xr libc :
  75. the standard
  76. .Tn I/O
  77. routines,
  78. database routines,
  79. bit operators,
  80. string operators,
  81. character tests and character operators,
  82. des encryption routines,
  83. storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more.
  84. .It Xr libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar termcap
  85. Terminal independent screen management routines
  86. for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals.
  87. (See
  88. .Xr ncurses 3 . )
  89. .It Xr libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat
  90. Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with
  91. .Bx 4.3 .
  92. In particular,
  93. a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of
  94. .Bx
  95. have been included for source code compatibility.
  96. Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided.
  97. The manual page entry for each compatibility routine
  98. indicates the proper interface to use.
  99. .It Xr libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm
  100. Functions used to access kernel memory are in this library.
  101. They can be used
  102. against both a running system and a crash dump.
  103. (See
  104. .Xr kvm 3 . )
  105. .It Xr libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l
  106. The library for
  107. .Xr lex 1 .
  108. .\" .It Xr libln
  109. .It Xr libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m
  110. The math library,
  111. .Em libm .
  112. The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler,
  113. .\" .Xr pc 1 ,
  114. but not by the C compiler which requires the
  115. .Fl l Ns Ar m
  116. flag.
  117. (See
  118. .Xr math 3 . )
  119. .It Xr libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp
  120. .\" .It Xr libom
  121. .\" Old math library.
  122. .\" .It Xr libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot
  123. .\" Device independent plotting functions.
  124. .\" (See
  125. .\" .Xr plot 3 . )
  126. .\" .It Xr libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77
  127. .\" The device independent plotting functions for fortran.
  128. .\" (See
  129. .\" .Xr plot 3 . )
  130. .\" .It Xr libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv
  131. .\" Routines for network address resolution.
  132. .It Xr libtermcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar termcap
  133. The terminal independent operation library package.
  134. (See
  135. .Xr termcap 3 . )
  136. .\" .It libvt0.a
  137. .It Xr liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y
  138. The library for
  139. .Xr yacc 1 .
  140. .El
  141. .Sh FILES
  142. .Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libm_p.a -compact
  143. .It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a
  144. the C library
  145. .It Pa /usr/lib/libc_p.a
  146. the C library compiled for profiling
  147. .It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a
  148. the math library
  149. .It Pa /usr/lib/libm_p.a
  150. the math library compiled for profiling
  151. .El
  152. .Sh SEE ALSO
  153. .\" .Xr libc 3 ,
  154. .Xr cc 1 ,
  155. .Xr ld 1 ,
  156. .Xr nm 1 ,
  157. .Xr intro 2 ,
  158. .Xr math 3 ,
  159. .Xr stdio 3
  160. .\" .Sh LIST OF FUNCTIONS
  161. .\" .Bl -column "strncasecmpxxx" "system"
  162. .\" .Sy Name Description
  163. .\" .El
  164. .Sh HISTORY
  165. An
  166. .Nm
  167. manual appeared in
  168. .At v7 .