.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Joerg Wunsch
.\"
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd July 21, 1996
.Dt SPL 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm splbio ,
.Nm splclock ,
.Nm splhigh ,
.Nm splimp ,
.Nm splnet ,
.Nm splsoftclock ,
.Nm splsofttty ,
.Nm splstatclock ,
.Nm spltty ,
.Nm splvm ,
.Nm spl0 ,
.Nm splx
.Nd manipulate interrupt priorities
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/types.h
.In sys/systm.h
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splbio "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splclock "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splhigh "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splimp "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splnet "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splsoftclock "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splsofttty "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn splstatclock "void"
.Ft intrmask_t
.Fn spltty "void"
.Ft void
.Fn spl0 "void"
.Ft void
.Fn splx "intrmask_t ipl"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Bf -symbolic
This API is deprecated.
Use mutexes to protect data structures instead.
See
.Xr mutex 9
for more information.
The API is now a complete NOP.
This man page documents historical behavior so you can understand the
code locking that the spl did when converting code from versions of the
kernel prior to
.Fx 5.0 .
The examples in this man page are also obsolete and should not be viewed
as documenting
.Fx 5.0
and newer.
.Ef
.Pp
The
.Fn spl
function family sets the interrupt priority
.Dq level
of the CPU.
This prevents interrupt handlers of the blocked priority level from
being run.
This is used in the
.Dq synchronous
part of a driver (the part that runs on behalf of the user process) to
examine or modify data areas that might be examined or modified by
interrupt handlers.
.Pp
Each driver that uses interrupts is normally assigned to an interrupt
priority group by a keyword in its config line.
For example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
device foo0 at isa? port 0x0815 irq 12 tty
.Ed
.Pp
assigns interrupt 12 to the
.Dq tty
priority group.
The system automatically arranges for interrupts in
the
.Em xxx
group to be called at a priority >=
.Em spl Ns Fn xxx
.Pp
The function
.Fn splx
sets the interrupt priority to an absolute value.
The intent is that
the value returned by the other functions should be saved in a local
variable, and later passed to
.Fn splx
in order to restore the previous priority.
.Pp
The function
.Fn spl0
lowers the priority to a value where all interrupt handlers are
unblocked, but ASTs (asynchronous system traps) remain blocked until
the system is about to return to user mode.
.Pp
The traditional assignment of the various device drivers to the
interrupt priority groups can be roughly classified as:
.Bl -tag -width Fn
.It Fn splnet
Software part of the network interface drivers.
.It Fn splimp
All network interface drivers.
.It Fn splbio
All
.Em buffered IO
(i.e., disk and the like) drivers.
.It Fn spltty
Basically, all non-network communications devices, but effectively
used for all drivers that are neither network nor disks.
.El
.Sh RETURN VALUES
All functions except
.Fn splx
and
.Fn spl0
return the previous priority value.
.Sh EXAMPLES
This is a typical example demonstrating the usage:
.Bd -literal
struct foo_softc {
	...
	int flags;
#define	FOO_ASLEEP	1
#define	FOO_READY	2

} foo_softc[NFOO];

int
foowrite(...)
{
	struct foo_softc *sc;
	int s, error;

	...
	s = spltty();
	if (!(sc->flags & FOO_READY)) {
		/* Not ready, must sleep on resource. */
		sc->flags |= FOO_ASLEEP;
		error = tsleep(sc, PZERO, "foordy", 0);
		sc->flags &= ~FOO_ASLEEP;
	}
	sc->flags &= ~FOO_READY;
	splx(s);

	...
}

void
foointr(...)
{
	struct foo_softc *sc;

	...
	sc->flags |= FOO_READY;
	if (sc->flags & FOO_ASLEEP)
		/* Somebody was waiting for us, awake him. */
		wakeup(sc);
	...
}

.Ed
Note that the interrupt handler should
.Em never
reduce the priority level.
It is automatically called as it had
raised the interrupt priority to its own level, i.e., further interrupts
of the same group are being blocked.
.Sh HISTORY
The interrupt priority levels appeared in a very early version of
.Ux .
They have been traditionally known by number instead of by
names, and were inclusive up to higher priority levels (i.e., priority
5 has been blocking everything up to level 5).
This is no longer the case in
.Fx .
The traditional name
.Ql level
for them is still reflected in the letter
.Ql l
of the respective functions and variables, although they are not
really levels anymore, but rather different (partially inclusive)
sets of functions to be blocked during some periods of the life of
the system.
The historical number scheme can be considered as a
simple linearly ordered set of interrupt priority groups.
.Pp
.Fx 5.0
eliminated spl entirely in favor of locking primitives which scale
to more than one processor.
.Sh AUTHORS
This manual page was written by
.An J\(:org Wunsch .