/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/installation/common/trouble.sgml
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1<!-- 2 The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project 3 4 $FreeBSD$ 5 $FreeBSDru: frdp/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/installation/common/trouble.sgml,v 1.5 2005/06/30 11:12:32 den Exp $ 6 7 Original revision: 1.19 8 9 This file contains the comments of the old TROUBLE.TXT file. 10--> 11<sect1 id="trouble"> 12 <title>??????? ???????</title> 13 14 <sect2 id="repairing"> 15 <title>?????????????? ???????????? ????????? &os;</title> 16 17 <para>&os; ????????????? ????? <quote>fixit</quote> ? ??????? ???? 18 ????????? ????????? &man.sysinstall.8;. ????? ????????? 19 ????????? ??????, ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? 20 ??????? &os;; ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????? 21 ??????? ???????????? ????????? &os;. ??? ????????????? ?????? 22 fixit ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? <filename>fixit.flp</filename>, 23 ????????? ????? ?? ???????, ??? ? ??????????? ???????, ??? 24 ???????-???? ? <quote>live filesystem</quote>. ? ????????????? 25 ??????? &os;, ????? live filesystem ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ? 26 ??????????. ???????? ????????, ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? 27 fixit ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? 28 UNIX.</para> 29 30 <para>???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ? ????? fixit. ????????????, 31 ??????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ???????-????? &os;, 32 ????? ??????????????? ??????? <quote>fixit</quote> ?? ???????? 33 ???? &man.sysinstall.8;. ????? ????? ??????? ????? 34 ????? ???? <quote>CDROM/DVD</quote>.</para> 35 36 <para>?????????????, ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ???????-?????, 37 ?? ????? ??????????? ? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? 38 ?????. ? ?????????? ? ???????? <filename>boot.flp</filename> ? 39 <filename>kern<replaceable>X</replaceable>.flp</filename>, 40 ??????????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??????? 41 <filename>fixit.flp</filename>, ??? ?? ????????, ??? ? ?????? 42 ???????. ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? 43 ? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???? &man.sysinstall.8;. ????? ????? 44 ???????? ????? <quote>fixit</quote> ?? ???????? ???? 45 &man.sysinstall.8;. ????? ???????? ????? <quote>Floppy</quote> 46 ? ???????? ??????? <filename>fixit.flp</filename>, ????? 47 ???????? ??????????????? ???????????.</para> 48 49 <para>?????????? ???????-????? ? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ?????????. 50 ? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? 51 ?????? ??? ????????, ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?? 52 ???????????. ?????? ?? ???????-????? ????????????? ??????????? 53 live filesystem ???? ????? ?????? ? ????????, ????????? ? ??????? 54 ??????? &os;. ?? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? 55 ??????, ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????.</para> 56 57 <para>? ?????? ?? ???????, ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? 58 ???????? <filename>/stand</filename>, ??? 59 <filename>/mnt2/stand</filename>. ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ?? 60 ????????? ????? ?????????? ? ???????? <filename>/stand</filename> 61 ??? <filename>/mnt2/rescue</filename> (?????? ? ??????? ??????????? 62 ?? live filesystem, ??????? ??????????? ? 63 <filename>/mnt</filename>).</para> 64 65 </sect2> 66 67 <sect2> 68 <title>????????, ? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? 69 ??????????? &arch.print;</title> 70 71 <qandaset arch="i386"> 72 <qandaentry> 73 <question> 74 <para>??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????, 75 ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ???????? 76 ?? ???????????.</para> 77 </question> 78 <answer> 79 <para>&os; 5.0 ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ACPI ????????? 80 i386, amd64 ? ia64 ??? ????????? ????????? ????????????, ???? ???? ?????? 81 ????????? ?? ????? ????????. ? ?????????, ? ???????? ACPI, 82 ??????????? ?????? ? BIOS ??? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????. 83 ????????????? ACPI ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? 84 ?????????? <quote>hint.acpi.0.disabled</quote> ?? ??????? 85 ?????? ????????:</para> 86 87 <screen>set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</screen> 88 89 <para>??? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? 90 ?????????? ???????? <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</literal> 91 ? ???? <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. ?????????? 92 ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????????? &os;.</para> 93 </answer> 94 </qandaentry> 95 <qandaentry arch="i386,pc98,alpha,sparc64"> 96 <question> 97 <para>ISA ??????????, ?????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? 98 &os;, ?????? ?? ????????????. ??? ??????????</para> 99 </question> 100 <answer> 101 <para>????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??? matcd, ???? ??????? 102 ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????. ?????? 103 ??? ??? ????????????, ?? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? 104 ??? ???????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????? ISA ????????? 105 ???????? ? ??? ????????? ? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? 106 ?????? ????????: aha, ahv, aic, bt, ed, cs, sn, ie, fe, le, ? lnc. 107 ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? 10-?? ?????????? 108 ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????????:</para> 109 110 <screen>unset hint.foo.0.disabled</screen> 111 112 <para>??? <replaceable>foo</replaceable> ??? ??? ????????, ??????? 113 ????????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? 114 ????? ?????????????? ????? <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> 115 ? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? <quote>disabled</quote>.</para> 116 </answer> 117 </qandaentry> 118 <qandaentry> 119 <question> 120 <para>????? ????????? &os; ? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? 121 ?????, ???? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????????, ?? ??????????????? 122 ? ?????????? ????:</para> 123 124 <screen>changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root</screen> 125 <para>??? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ????????</para> 126 127 <para>??? ?? ?????? 128 <literal>bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</literal>, 129 ???????????? ? boot help?</para> 130 </question> 131 <answer> 132 <para>??? ????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ???? 133 ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. 134 BIOS ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????, ???????????? ?? 135 ????????? ? &os;, ? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? 136 — ??????? ??????.</para> 137 138 <para>? ??????, ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????, 139 &os; ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???. ?????????? 140 ??? ???????????????? ????????, ? ? ????? ??? ??????????? 141 ???????? &os; ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????. 142 ???????? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ? BIOS, ??? ????? ? ????? 143 ????? ????? ???? ? &os;.</para> 144 145 <para>? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? IDE ?????, ?????? ???????? 146 ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? IDE, ? ????????? &os; ????? ?? ??????? 147 ?????. BIOS ????? ?? ??? ???? 0 ? ???? 1, ? &os; ????? ?? 148 ??? <devicename>ad0</devicename> 149 <devicename>ad2</devicename>.</para> 150 151 <para>&os; ????????? ?? ????? 1 ?? ????????? BIOS, ??? 152 <literal>ad</literal> ? &os; ????????? ????? 2, ????????:</para> 153 154 <screen><userinput>1:ad(2,a)kernel</userinput></screen> 155 156 <para>???????? ????????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? 157 ????, ??????????????? ?????? ?? ????? (? ???????).</para> 158 159 <para>?????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? SCSI ?????, 160 ????? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? IDE ??????. 161 ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? &os; ??????, ??? ????? ????? 162 ? BIOS. ???? ? ??? ???? ??? IDE ????? ? SCSI ????, 163 ? BIOS ???? SCSI ????? ??? ??????? ???; ???????? 164 <literal>da</literal> ? &os; ????? ????? 0, ?.?.:</para> 165 166 <screen><userinput>2:da(0,a)kernel</userinput></screen> 167 168 <para>????? ???????? &os;, ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? 169 BIOS ????? 2, ?????????? ?????? SCSI ?????? ???????. 170 ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? IDE ????, ??????????? ?????? ????? 171 <quote>1:</quote>.</para> 172 173 <para>??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? 174 ????????????, ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ??? 175 ??????????, ? ???? <filename>/boot.config</filename>, 176 ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?? ????? 177 ?????? ????????, &os; ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? 178 ? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????? 179 <literal>boot:</literal>.</para> 180 </answer> 181 </qandaentry> 182 <qandaentry> 183 <question> 184 <para>? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? 185 &os;, ?? Boot Manager ?????????? ? ???? ???????? ?????? 186 <literal>F?</literal> ? ???????? ???????????????.</para> 187 </question> 188 <answer> 189 <para>??? ????????? &os; ????????? ???????? ????? ? 190 Partition editor ???? ??????? ???????????. ????????? ? 191 Partition editor ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? 192 ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????????? &os; ??? ??? ????? 193 ???????? ?????????? ?????????.</para> 194 195 <para>???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, 196 ??? ?????????: ???????? ????????? ?????? DOS ? ?????? ????? 197 ? ?????????? &os; ????? ????. ????????? ????????? ?????? 198 ?????? DOS ? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? 199 ????, ?????? ??? ????????.</para> 200 201 <para>????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????????, ?? ???????? 202 ??? ??????????:</para> 203 204 <blockquote> 205 <para>???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? &os; ??? ??????? 206 ???????, ?? ??????? ??? (? ???????) ?? ??????????? 207 ????????????? ? DOS, Linux ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????, 208 ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? 209 ????? ????? (<quote>A</quote> ? ????????? ????????), 210 ??? ????????????? ????????, ????? &os; ???????? ???? ????, 211 ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????????? 212 ? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????, ?? ????????????? ????? ?????? 213 ??????????, ????????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? 214 ?????? ???????????? ???????.</para> 215 </blockquote> 216 </answer> 217 </qandaentry> 218 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 219 <question> 220 <para>??????? &man.mcd.4; ???????, ??? ????? ?????????? ? 221 ?????? ?????? ????? Intel EtherExpress.</para> 222 </question> 223 <answer> 224 <para>?????????? ?????????? <quote>hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"</quote> 225 ? <quote>hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"</quote> ?? ??????? ?????? 226 ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? 227 ????????? <devicename>mcd0</devicename> ? 228 <devicename>mcd1</devicename>. ?????? ??????, ?? ?????? 229 ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????, ??????? 230 ?? ?????? ????????????.</para> 231 </answer> 232 </qandaentry> 233 <qandaentry> 234 <question> 235 <para>??????? ??????? ????? &man.ed.4; ?? ? ????????? ???????? 236 ?????? device timeout.</para> 237 </question> 238 <answer> 239 <para>????????, ????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? IRQ, ??????? 240 ??????? ? ????? <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>. 241 ??????? ed ?? ????????? ?? 242 ?????????? <quote>???????????</quote> ???????????? (????????, 243 ???????? ? ??????? EZSETUP ? DOS), ?? ?? ????? ???????????? 244 ??????????? ?????????, ???? ?? ??????? <literal>-1</literal> ? 245 ?????? ??????????.</para> 246 247 <para>??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? 248 ???????? (??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????), ??? 249 ??????? IRQ <literal>-1</literal> ????? ????????? 250 <quote>hint.ed.0.irq="-1"</quote>. ??? ?????? 251 ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????.</para> 252 253 <para>????????, ???? ????? ????????? ?? IRQ 9, ??????? ????????? 254 ???????????? ? IRQ 2, ??? ????? ???????? ???????? (???????? 255 ???? ???? VGA ????? ?????????? IRQ 2!). ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? 256 IRQ 2 ??? 9 ???? ??? ????????.</para> 257 </answer> 258 </qandaentry> 259 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 260 <question> 261 <para>? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? IBM ThinkPad (tm) 262 ? ?????????? ???????? ???????????.</para> 263 </question> 264 <answer> 265 <para>?????? ??????? IBM ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? 266 ??????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? 267 (atkbd0) ??????? ? ??????????? ?????, ?????????? ?? 268 ThinkPad. ?????????? ???? <quote>hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"</quote> 269 ? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????.</para> 270 </answer> 271 </qandaentry> 272 <qandaentry arch="i386,pc98,alpha,sparc64"> 273 <question> 274 <para>??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? Intel EtherExpress 16.</para> 275 </question> 276 <answer> 277 <para>?? ?????? ????????? ????? Intel EtherExpress 16 ?? ??????????? 278 ? ?????? ? ?????? 0xD0000, ? ?????????? ????? ???????????? 279 ?????? ? 32K ????????? ???????????? Intel ????????? 280 <filename>softset.exe</filename>.</para> 281 </answer> 282 </qandaentry> 283 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 284 <question> 285 <para>??? ????????? ?? EISA HP Netserver, ?????????? SCSI 286 ?????????? AIC-7xxx ?? ??????????????.</para> 287 </question> 288 <answer> 289 <para>??? ????????? ????????, ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? 290 ? ???????. ??? ????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, 291 ?????????? ???? <quote>hw.eisa_slots="12"</quote> ?? 292 ??????? ?????? ??????????.</para> 293 </answer> 294 </qandaentry> 295 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 296 <question> 297 <para>? ???? ????????? Panasonic AL-N1 ??? Rios Chandler Pentium 298 ? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????.</para> 299 </question> 300 <answer> 301 <para>??? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? 302 <literal>i586_copyout</literal> ? 303 <literal>i586_copyin</literal>. ?????????? ???? 304 <quote>hint.npx.0.flags="1"</quote>.</para> 305 </answer> 306 </qandaentry> 307 <qandaentry> 308 <question> 309 <para>? ???? ???? CMD640 IDE ?????????? ? ?? ?? ????????.</para> 310 </question> 311 <answer> 312 <para>&os; ?? ???????????? ???? ??????????.</para> 313 </answer> 314 </qandaentry> 315 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 316 <question> 317 <para>??? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? Compaq Aero, ? ??????? 318 ????????? <quote>No floppy devices found! Please check 319 ...</quote>.</para> 320 </question> 321 <answer> 322 <para>Compaq ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? 323 ?????????? ?????? ???? ? CMOS RAM ???????? Aero. 324 ?????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????, ??? ??? 325 ???????????? ??????????. ?????????? ???? 326 <quote>hint.fdc.0.flags="1"</quote>. 327 ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? 328 ????????? (??? 1.44 MB ????) ??? ??????? ? CMOS.</para> 329 </answer> 330 </qandaentry> 331 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 332 <question> 333 <para>??? ????????? ?? Dell Poweredge XE, 334 RAID ?????????? Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) ?? 335 ????????????.</para> 336 </question> 337 <answer> 338 <para>????????? DSA ??? ????????????? AHA-1540 ???????? ????? 339 ??????? ????????? EISA. ????? ????? &os; ????????? 340 DSA ??? Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI ?????????? ? irq 11 ? 341 ?????? 340. ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? 342 DSA RAID ?????, ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? 343 ??????????? DSA, ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? RAID.</para> 344 </answer> 345 </qandaentry> 346 <qandaentry> 347 <question> 348 <para>? ???? ???? IBM EtherJet PCI ?????, ??? ????????? 349 ???????????? ????????? &man.fxp.4;, ?? ?????????? ?? 350 ????? ?? ?????????? ? ??????????? ? ???? ???.</para> 351 </question> 352 <answer> 353 <para>?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????. IBM ???? ?? ????? 354 (?? ?????????? ??). ??? ????? — ??????????? 355 Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 ? ????????? IBM, ? ??? ????? 356 ?????? ????????? ????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? 357 ?????? ? ????????? IBM Netfinity ????????. ???????????? 358 ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? Ethernet ????????.</para> 359 </answer> 360 </qandaentry> 361 <qandaentry arch="i386"> 362 <question> 363 <para>????? ? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? IBM Netfinity 364 3500, ??????? ?????????.</para> 365 </question> 366 <answer> 367 <para>??? ???????? ? ?????????? Ethernet ? 368 Netfinity 3500, ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. 369 ??? ????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????? SMP ? 370 ???? ???????. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? 371 Ethernet ??????? ? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????????? 372 ??????????? ????????.</para> 373 </answer> 374 </qandaentry> 375 <qandaentry> 376 <question> 377 <para>????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????, ??????????? Mylex PCI 378 RAID ????????????, ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? (????????, 379 ? ?????????? <literal>read error</literal>).</para> 380 </question> 381 <answer> 382 <para>??? ?????? ? ???????? Mylex, ??????? ???????? ? ????????????? 383 ????????? ? BIOS ?????? ????????? <quote>8GB</quote>. 384 ??????????? ????? 2GB.</para> 385 </answer> 386 </qandaentry> 387 </qandaset> 388 </sect2> 389</sect1>