/mcs/class/System.Xaml/System.Xaml/XamlType.cs

//
// Copyright (C) 2010 Novell Inc. http://novell.com
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Xaml.Schema;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace System.Xaml
{
	public class XamlType : IEquatable<XamlType>
	{
		public XamlType (Type underlyingType, XamlSchemaContext schemaContext)
			: this (underlyingType, schemaContext, null)
		{
		}

//		static readonly Type [] predefined_types = {
//				typeof (XData), typeof (Uri), typeof (TimeSpan), typeof (PropertyDefinition), typeof (MemberDefinition), typeof (Reference)
//			};

		public XamlType (Type underlyingType, XamlSchemaContext schemaContext, XamlTypeInvoker invoker)
			: this (schemaContext, invoker)
		{
			if (underlyingType == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("underlyingType");
			type = underlyingType;
			underlying_type = type;

			XamlType xt;
			if (XamlLanguage.InitializingTypes) {
				// These are special. Only XamlLanguage members are with shorthand name.
				if (type == typeof (PropertyDefinition))
					Name = "Property";
				else if (type == typeof (MemberDefinition))
					Name = "Member";
				else
					Name = GetXamlName (type);
				PreferredXamlNamespace = XamlLanguage.Xaml2006Namespace;
			} else if ((xt = XamlLanguage.AllTypes.FirstOrDefault (t => t.UnderlyingType == type)) != null) {
				Name = xt.Name;
				PreferredXamlNamespace = XamlLanguage.Xaml2006Namespace;
			} else {
				Name = GetXamlName (type);
				PreferredXamlNamespace = schemaContext.GetXamlNamespace (type.Namespace) ?? String.Format ("clr-namespace:{0};assembly={1}", type.Namespace, type.Assembly.GetName ().Name);
			}
			if (type.IsGenericType) {
				TypeArguments = new List<XamlType> ();
				foreach (var gta in type.GetGenericArguments ())
					TypeArguments.Add (schemaContext.GetXamlType (gta));
			}
		}

		public XamlType (string unknownTypeNamespace, string unknownTypeName, IList<XamlType> typeArguments, XamlSchemaContext schemaContext)
			: this (schemaContext, null)
		{
			if (unknownTypeNamespace == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("unknownTypeNamespace");
			if (unknownTypeName == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("unknownTypeName");
			if (schemaContext == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("schemaContext");

			type = typeof (object);
			Name = unknownTypeName;
			PreferredXamlNamespace = unknownTypeNamespace;
			TypeArguments = typeArguments != null && typeArguments.Count == 0 ? null : typeArguments;
//			explicit_ns = unknownTypeNamespace;
		}

		protected XamlType (string typeName, IList<XamlType> typeArguments, XamlSchemaContext schemaContext)
			: this (String.Empty, typeName, typeArguments, schemaContext)
		{
		}

		XamlType (XamlSchemaContext schemaContext, XamlTypeInvoker invoker)
		{
			if (schemaContext == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("schemaContext");
			SchemaContext = schemaContext;
			this.invoker = invoker ?? new XamlTypeInvoker (this);
		}

		Type type, underlying_type;

//		string explicit_ns;

		// populated properties
		XamlType base_type;
		XamlTypeInvoker invoker;

		internal EventHandler<XamlSetMarkupExtensionEventArgs> SetMarkupExtensionHandler {
			get { return LookupSetMarkupExtensionHandler (); }
		}

		internal EventHandler<XamlSetTypeConverterEventArgs> SetTypeConverterHandler {
			get { return LookupSetTypeConverterHandler (); }
		}

		public IList<XamlType> AllowedContentTypes {
			get { return LookupAllowedContentTypes (); }
		}

		public XamlType BaseType {
			get { return LookupBaseType (); }
		}

		public bool ConstructionRequiresArguments {
			get { return LookupConstructionRequiresArguments (); }
		}

		public XamlMember ContentProperty {
			get { return LookupContentProperty (); }
		}

		public IList<XamlType> ContentWrappers {
			get { return LookupContentWrappers (); }
		}

		public XamlValueConverter<XamlDeferringLoader> DeferringLoader {
			get { return LookupDeferringLoader (); }
		}

		public XamlTypeInvoker Invoker {
			get { return LookupInvoker (); }
		}

		public bool IsAmbient {
			get { return LookupIsAmbient (); }
		}

		public bool IsArray {
			get { return LookupCollectionKind () == XamlCollectionKind.Array; }
		}

		// it somehow treats array as not a collection...
		public bool IsCollection {
			get { return LookupCollectionKind () == XamlCollectionKind.Collection; }
		}

		public bool IsConstructible {
			get { return LookupIsConstructible (); }
		}

		public bool IsDictionary {
			get { return LookupCollectionKind () == XamlCollectionKind.Dictionary; }
		}

		public bool IsGeneric {
			get { return type.IsGenericType; }
		}

		public bool IsMarkupExtension {
			get { return LookupIsMarkupExtension (); }
		}
		public bool IsNameScope {
			get { return LookupIsNameScope (); }
		}
		public bool IsNameValid {
			get { return XamlLanguage.IsValidXamlName (Name); }
		}

		public bool IsNullable {
			get { return LookupIsNullable (); }
		}

		public bool IsPublic {
			get { return LookupIsPublic (); }
		}

		public bool IsUnknown {
			get { return LookupIsUnknown (); }
		}

		public bool IsUsableDuringInitialization {
			get { return LookupUsableDuringInitialization (); }
		}

		public bool IsWhitespaceSignificantCollection {
			get { return LookupIsWhitespaceSignificantCollection (); }
		}

		public bool IsXData {
			get { return LookupIsXData (); }
		}

		public XamlType ItemType {
			get { return LookupItemType (); }
		}

		public XamlType KeyType {
			get { return LookupKeyType (); }
		}

		public XamlType MarkupExtensionReturnType {
			get { return LookupMarkupExtensionReturnType (); }
		}

		public string Name { get; private set; }

		public string PreferredXamlNamespace { get; private set; }

		public XamlSchemaContext SchemaContext { get; private set; }

		public bool TrimSurroundingWhitespace {
			get { return LookupTrimSurroundingWhitespace (); }
		}

		public IList<XamlType> TypeArguments { get; private set; }

		public XamlValueConverter<TypeConverter> TypeConverter {
			get { return LookupTypeConverter (); }
		}

		public Type UnderlyingType {
			get { return LookupUnderlyingType (); }
		}

		public XamlValueConverter<ValueSerializer> ValueSerializer {
			get { return LookupValueSerializer (); }
		}

		internal string GetInternalXmlName ()
		{
			if (IsMarkupExtension && Name.EndsWith ("Extension", StringComparison.Ordinal))
				return Name.Substring (0, Name.Length - 9);
			var stn = XamlLanguage.SpecialNames.FirstOrDefault (s => s.Type == this);
			return stn != null ? stn.Name : Name;
		}

		public static bool operator == (XamlType left, XamlType right)
		{
			return IsNull (left) ? IsNull (right) : left.Equals (right);
		}

		static bool IsNull (XamlType a)
		{
			return Object.ReferenceEquals (a, null);
		}

		public static bool operator != (XamlType left, XamlType right)
		{
			return !(left == right);
		}
		
		public bool Equals (XamlType other)
		{
			// It does not compare XamlSchemaContext.
			return !IsNull (other) &&
				UnderlyingType == other.UnderlyingType &&
				Name == other.Name &&
				PreferredXamlNamespace == other.PreferredXamlNamespace && TypeArguments.ListEquals (other.TypeArguments);
		}

		public override bool Equals (object obj)
		{
			var a = obj as XamlType;
			return Equals (a);
		}
		
		public override int GetHashCode ()
		{
			if (UnderlyingType != null)
				return UnderlyingType.GetHashCode ();
			int x = Name.GetHashCode () << 7 + PreferredXamlNamespace.GetHashCode ();
			if (TypeArguments != null)
				foreach (var t in TypeArguments)
					x = t.GetHashCode () + x << 5;
			return x;
		}

		public override string ToString ()
		{
			return new XamlTypeName (this).ToString ();
			//return String.IsNullOrEmpty (PreferredXamlNamespace) ? Name : String.Concat ("{", PreferredXamlNamespace, "}", Name);
		}

		public virtual bool CanAssignTo (XamlType xamlType)
		{
			if (this.UnderlyingType == null)
				return xamlType == XamlLanguage.Object;
			var ut = xamlType.UnderlyingType ?? typeof (object);
			return ut.IsAssignableFrom (UnderlyingType);
		}

		public XamlMember GetAliasedProperty (XamlDirective directive)
		{
			return LookupAliasedProperty (directive);
		}

		public ICollection<XamlMember> GetAllAttachableMembers ()
		{
			return new List<XamlMember> (LookupAllAttachableMembers ());
		}

		public ICollection<XamlMember> GetAllMembers ()
		{
			return new List<XamlMember> (LookupAllMembers ());
		}

		public XamlMember GetAttachableMember (string name)
		{
			return LookupAttachableMember (name);
		}

		public XamlMember GetMember (string name)
		{
			return LookupMember (name, true);
		}

		public IList<XamlType> GetPositionalParameters (int parameterCount)
		{
			return LookupPositionalParameters (parameterCount);
		}

		public virtual IList<string> GetXamlNamespaces ()
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
			/* this does not work like documented!
			if (explicit_ns != null)
				return new string [] {explicit_ns};
			var l = SchemaContext.GetAllXamlNamespaces ();
			if (l != null)
				return new List<string> (l);
			return new string [] {String.Empty};
			*/
		}

		// lookups

		protected virtual XamlMember LookupAliasedProperty (XamlDirective directive)
		{
			if (directive == XamlLanguage.Key) {
				var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<DictionaryKeyPropertyAttribute> ();
				return a != null ? GetMember (a.Name) : null;
			}
			if (directive == XamlLanguage.Name) {
				var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<RuntimeNamePropertyAttribute> ();
				return a != null ? GetMember (a.Name) : null;
			}
			if (directive == XamlLanguage.Uid) {
				var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<UidPropertyAttribute> ();
				return a != null ? GetMember (a.Name) : null;
			}
			if (directive == XamlLanguage.Lang) {
				var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<XmlLangPropertyAttribute> ();
				return a != null ? GetMember (a.Name) : null;
			}
			return null;
		}

		protected virtual IEnumerable<XamlMember> LookupAllAttachableMembers ()
		{
			if (UnderlyingType == null)
				return BaseType != null ? BaseType.GetAllAttachableMembers () : empty_array;
			if (all_attachable_members_cache == null) {
				all_attachable_members_cache = new List<XamlMember> (DoLookupAllAttachableMembers ());
				all_attachable_members_cache.Sort (TypeExtensionMethods.CompareMembers);
			}
			return all_attachable_members_cache;
		}

		IEnumerable<XamlMember> DoLookupAllAttachableMembers ()
		{
			// based on http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff184560.aspx
			var bf = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static;

			var gl = new Dictionary<string,MethodInfo> ();
			var sl = new Dictionary<string,MethodInfo> ();
			var al = new Dictionary<string,MethodInfo> ();
			//var rl = new Dictionary<string,MethodInfo> ();
			var nl = new List<string> ();
			foreach (var mi in UnderlyingType.GetMethods (bf)) {
				string name = null;
				if (mi.Name.StartsWith ("Get", StringComparison.Ordinal)) {
					if (mi.ReturnType == typeof (void))
						continue;
					var args = mi.GetParameters ();
					if (args.Length != 1)
						continue;
					name = mi.Name.Substring (3);
					gl.Add (name, mi);
				} else if (mi.Name.StartsWith ("Set", StringComparison.Ordinal)) {
					// looks like the return type is *ignored*
					//if (mi.ReturnType != typeof (void))
					//	continue;
					var args = mi.GetParameters ();
					if (args.Length != 2)
						continue;
					name = mi.Name.Substring (3);
					sl.Add (name, mi);
				} else if (mi.Name.EndsWith ("Handler", StringComparison.Ordinal)) {
					var args = mi.GetParameters ();
					if (args.Length != 2)
						continue;
					if (mi.Name.StartsWith ("Add", StringComparison.Ordinal)) {
						name = mi.Name.Substring (3, mi.Name.Length - 3 - 7);
						al.Add (name, mi);
					}/* else if (mi.Name.StartsWith ("Remove", StringComparison.Ordinal)) {
						name = mi.Name.Substring (6, mi.Name.Length - 6 - 7);
						rl.Add (name, mi);
					}*/
				}
				if (name != null && !nl.Contains (name))
					nl.Add (name);
			}

			foreach (var name in nl) {
				MethodInfo m;
				var g = gl.TryGetValue (name, out m) ? m : null;
				var s = sl.TryGetValue (name, out m) ? m : null;
				if (g != null || s != null)
					yield return new XamlMember (name, g, s, SchemaContext);
				var a = al.TryGetValue (name, out m) ? m : null;
				//var r = rl.TryGetValue (name, out m) ? m : null;
				if (a != null)
					yield return new XamlMember (name, a, SchemaContext);
			}
		}

		static readonly XamlMember [] empty_array = new XamlMember [0];

		protected virtual IEnumerable<XamlMember> LookupAllMembers ()
		{
			if (UnderlyingType == null)
				return BaseType != null ? BaseType.GetAllMembers () : empty_array;
			if (all_members_cache == null) {
				all_members_cache = new List<XamlMember> (DoLookupAllMembers ());
				all_members_cache.Sort (TypeExtensionMethods.CompareMembers);
			}
			return all_members_cache;
		}
		
		List<XamlMember> all_members_cache;
		List<XamlMember> all_attachable_members_cache;

		IEnumerable<XamlMember> DoLookupAllMembers ()
		{
			// This is a hack that is likely required due to internal implementation difference in System.Uri. Our Uri has two readonly collection properties
			if (this == XamlLanguage.Uri)
				yield break;

			var bf = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance;

			foreach (var pi in UnderlyingType.GetProperties (bf)) {
				if (pi.Name.Contains ('.')) // exclude explicit interface implementations.
					continue;
				if (pi.CanRead && (pi.CanWrite || IsCollectionType (pi.PropertyType) || typeof (IXmlSerializable).IsAssignableFrom (pi.PropertyType)) && pi.GetIndexParameters ().Length == 0)
					yield return new XamlMember (pi, SchemaContext);
			}
			foreach (var ei in UnderlyingType.GetEvents (bf))
				yield return new XamlMember (ei, SchemaContext);
		}
		
		static bool IsPublicAccessor (MethodInfo mi)
		{
			return mi != null && mi.IsPublic;
		}

		bool IsCollectionType (Type type)
		{
			if (type == null)
				return false;
			var xt = SchemaContext.GetXamlType (type);
			return xt.LookupCollectionKind () != XamlCollectionKind.None;
		}

		protected virtual IList<XamlType> LookupAllowedContentTypes ()
		{
			// the actual implementation is very different from what is documented :(
			return null;

			/*
			var l = new List<XamlType> ();
			if (ContentWrappers != null)
				l.AddRange (ContentWrappers);
			if (ContentProperty != null)
				l.Add (ContentProperty.Type);
			if (ItemType != null)
				l.Add (ItemType);
			return l.Count > 0 ? l : null;
			*/
		}

		protected virtual XamlMember LookupAttachableMember (string name)
		{
			return GetAllAttachableMembers ().FirstOrDefault (m => m.Name == name);
		}

		protected virtual XamlType LookupBaseType ()
		{
			if (base_type == null) {
				if (UnderlyingType == null)
					base_type = SchemaContext.GetXamlType (typeof (object));
				else
					base_type = type.BaseType == null || type.BaseType == typeof (object) ? null : SchemaContext.GetXamlType (type.BaseType);
			}
			return base_type;
		}

		// This implementation is not verified. (No place to use.)
		protected internal virtual XamlCollectionKind LookupCollectionKind ()
		{
			if (UnderlyingType == null)
				return BaseType != null ? BaseType.LookupCollectionKind () : XamlCollectionKind.None;
			if (type.IsArray)
				return XamlCollectionKind.Array;

			if (type.ImplementsAnyInterfacesOf (typeof (IDictionary), typeof (IDictionary<,>)))
				return XamlCollectionKind.Dictionary;

			if (type.ImplementsAnyInterfacesOf (typeof (IList), typeof (ICollection<>)))
				return XamlCollectionKind.Collection;

			return XamlCollectionKind.None;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupConstructionRequiresArguments ()
		{
			if (UnderlyingType == null)
				return false;

			// not sure if it is required, but MemberDefinition return true while they are abstract and it makes no sense.
			if (UnderlyingType.IsAbstract)
				return true;

			// FIXME: probably some primitive types are treated as special.
			switch (Type.GetTypeCode (UnderlyingType)) {
			case TypeCode.String:
				return true;
			case TypeCode.Object:
				if (UnderlyingType == typeof (TimeSpan))
					return false;
				break;
			default:
				return false;
			}

			return UnderlyingType.GetConstructor (BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, Type.EmptyTypes, null) == null;
		}

		protected virtual XamlMember LookupContentProperty ()
		{
			var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<ContentPropertyAttribute> ();
			return a != null && a.Name != null ? GetMember (a.Name) : null;
		}

		protected virtual IList<XamlType> LookupContentWrappers ()
		{
			if (GetCustomAttributeProvider () == null)
				return null;

			var arr = GetCustomAttributeProvider ().GetCustomAttributes (typeof (ContentWrapperAttribute), false);
			if (arr == null || arr.Length == 0)
				return null;
			var l = new XamlType [arr.Length];
			for (int i = 0; i < l.Length; i++) 
				l [i] = SchemaContext.GetXamlType (((ContentWrapperAttribute) arr [i]).ContentWrapper);
			return l;
		}

		internal ICustomAttributeProvider GetCustomAttributeProvider ()
		{
			return LookupCustomAttributeProvider ();
		}

		protected internal virtual ICustomAttributeProvider LookupCustomAttributeProvider ()
		{
			return UnderlyingType;
		}
		
		protected virtual XamlValueConverter<XamlDeferringLoader> LookupDeferringLoader ()
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}

		protected virtual XamlTypeInvoker LookupInvoker ()
		{
			return invoker;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsAmbient ()
		{
			return this.GetCustomAttribute<AmbientAttribute> () != null;
		}

		// It is documented as if it were to reflect spec. section 5.2,
		// but the actual behavior shows it is *totally* wrong.
		// Here I have implemented this based on the nunit test results. sigh.
		protected virtual bool LookupIsConstructible ()
		{
			if (UnderlyingType == null)
				return true;
			if (IsMarkupExtension)
				return true;
			if (UnderlyingType.IsAbstract)
				return false;
			if (!IsNameValid)
				return false;
			return true;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsMarkupExtension ()
		{
			return typeof (MarkupExtension).IsAssignableFrom (UnderlyingType);
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsNameScope ()
		{
			return typeof (INameScope).IsAssignableFrom (UnderlyingType);
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsNullable ()
		{
			return !type.IsValueType || type.IsGenericType && type.GetGenericTypeDefinition () == typeof (Nullable<>);
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsPublic ()
		{
			return underlying_type == null || underlying_type.IsPublic || underlying_type.IsNestedPublic;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsUnknown ()
		{
			return UnderlyingType == null;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsWhitespaceSignificantCollection ()
		{
			// probably for unknown types, it should preserve whitespaces.
			return IsUnknown || this.GetCustomAttribute<WhitespaceSignificantCollectionAttribute> () != null;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupIsXData ()
		{
			return CanAssignTo (SchemaContext.GetXamlType (typeof (IXmlSerializable)));
		}

		protected virtual XamlType LookupItemType ()
		{
			if (IsArray)
				return new XamlType (type.GetElementType (), SchemaContext);
			if (IsDictionary) {
				if (!IsGeneric)
					return new XamlType (typeof (object), SchemaContext);
				return new XamlType (type.GetGenericArguments () [1], SchemaContext);
			}
			if (!IsCollection)
				return null;
			if (!IsGeneric)
				return new XamlType (typeof (object), SchemaContext);
			return new XamlType (type.GetGenericArguments () [0], SchemaContext);
		}

		protected virtual XamlType LookupKeyType ()
		{
			if (!IsDictionary)
				return null;
			if (!IsGeneric)
				return new XamlType (typeof (object), SchemaContext);
			return new XamlType (type.GetGenericArguments () [0], SchemaContext);
		}

		protected virtual XamlType LookupMarkupExtensionReturnType ()
		{
			var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<MarkupExtensionReturnTypeAttribute> ();
			return a != null ? new XamlType (a.ReturnType, SchemaContext) : null;
		}

		protected virtual XamlMember LookupMember (string name, bool skipReadOnlyCheck)
		{
			// FIXME: verify if this does not filter out events.
			return GetAllMembers ().FirstOrDefault (m => m.Name == name && (skipReadOnlyCheck || !m.IsReadOnly || m.Type.IsCollection || m.Type.IsDictionary || m.Type.IsArray));
		}

		protected virtual IList<XamlType> LookupPositionalParameters (int parameterCount)
		{
			if (UnderlyingType == null/* || !IsMarkupExtension*/) // see nunit tests...
				return null;

			// check if there is applicable ConstructorArgumentAttribute.
			// If there is, then return its type.
			if (parameterCount == 1) {
				foreach (var xm in GetAllMembers ()) {
					var ca = xm.GetCustomAttributeProvider ().GetCustomAttribute<ConstructorArgumentAttribute> (false);
					if (ca != null)
						return new XamlType [] {xm.Type};
				}
			}

			var methods = (from m in UnderlyingType.GetConstructors (BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance) where m.GetParameters ().Length == parameterCount select m).ToArray ();
			if (methods.Length == 1)
				return (from p in methods [0].GetParameters () select SchemaContext.GetXamlType (p.ParameterType)).ToArray ();

			if (SchemaContext.SupportMarkupExtensionsWithDuplicateArity)
				throw new NotSupportedException ("The default LookupPositionalParameters implementation does not allow duplicate arity of markup extensions");
			return null;
		}

		BindingFlags flags_get_static = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static;

		protected virtual EventHandler<XamlSetMarkupExtensionEventArgs> LookupSetMarkupExtensionHandler ()
		{
			var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<XamlSetMarkupExtensionAttribute> ();
			if (a == null)
				return null;
			var mi = type.GetMethod (a.XamlSetMarkupExtensionHandler, flags_get_static);
			if (mi == null)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Binding to XamlSetMarkupExtensionHandler failed");
			return (EventHandler<XamlSetMarkupExtensionEventArgs>) Delegate.CreateDelegate (typeof (EventHandler<XamlSetMarkupExtensionEventArgs>), mi);
		}

		protected virtual EventHandler<XamlSetTypeConverterEventArgs> LookupSetTypeConverterHandler ()
		{
			var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<XamlSetTypeConverterAttribute> ();
			if (a == null)
				return null;
			var mi = type.GetMethod (a.XamlSetTypeConverterHandler, flags_get_static);
			if (mi == null)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Binding to XamlSetTypeConverterHandler failed");
			return (EventHandler<XamlSetTypeConverterEventArgs>) Delegate.CreateDelegate (typeof (EventHandler<XamlSetTypeConverterEventArgs>), mi);
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupTrimSurroundingWhitespace ()
		{
			return this.GetCustomAttribute<TrimSurroundingWhitespaceAttribute> () != null;
		}

		protected virtual XamlValueConverter<TypeConverter> LookupTypeConverter ()
		{
			var t = UnderlyingType;
			if (t == null)
				return null;

			// equivalent to TypeExtension.
			// FIXME: not sure if it should be specially handled here.
			if (t == typeof (Type))
				t = typeof (TypeExtension);

			var a = GetCustomAttributeProvider ();
			var ca = a != null ? a.GetCustomAttribute<TypeConverterAttribute> (false) : null;
			if (ca != null)
				return SchemaContext.GetValueConverter<TypeConverter> (Type.GetType (ca.ConverterTypeName), this);

			if (t == typeof (object)) // This is a special case. ConverterType is null.
				return SchemaContext.GetValueConverter<TypeConverter> (null, this);

			// It's still not decent to check CollectionConverter.
			var tct = t.GetTypeConverter ().GetType ();
			if (tct != typeof (TypeConverter) && tct != typeof (CollectionConverter) && tct != typeof (ReferenceConverter))
				return SchemaContext.GetValueConverter<TypeConverter> (tct, this);
			return null;
		}

		protected virtual Type LookupUnderlyingType ()
		{
			return underlying_type;
		}

		protected virtual bool LookupUsableDuringInitialization ()
		{
			var a = this.GetCustomAttribute<UsableDuringInitializationAttribute> ();
			return a != null && a.Usable;
		}

		static XamlValueConverter<ValueSerializer> string_value_serializer;

		protected virtual XamlValueConverter<ValueSerializer> LookupValueSerializer ()
		{
			return LookupValueSerializer (this, GetCustomAttributeProvider ());
		}

		internal static XamlValueConverter<ValueSerializer> LookupValueSerializer (XamlType targetType, ICustomAttributeProvider provider)
		{
			if (provider == null)
				return null;

			var a = provider.GetCustomAttribute<ValueSerializerAttribute> (true);
			if (a != null)
				return new XamlValueConverter<ValueSerializer> (a.ValueSerializerType ?? Type.GetType (a.ValueSerializerTypeName), targetType);

			if (targetType.BaseType != null) {
				var ret = targetType.BaseType.LookupValueSerializer ();
				if (ret != null)
					return ret;
			}

			if (targetType.UnderlyingType == typeof (string)) {
				if (string_value_serializer == null)
					string_value_serializer = new XamlValueConverter<ValueSerializer> (typeof (StringValueSerializer), targetType);
				return string_value_serializer;
			}

			return null;
		}

		static string GetXamlName (Type type)
		{
			string n;
			if (!type.IsNestedPublic && !type.IsNestedAssembly && !type.IsNestedPrivate)
				n = type.Name;
			else
				n = GetXamlName (type.DeclaringType) + "+" + type.Name;
			if (type.IsGenericType && !type.ContainsGenericParameters) // the latter condition is to filter out "nested non-generic type within generic type".
				return n.Substring (0, n.IndexOf ('`'));
			else
				return n;
		}
	}
}