/src/ENDINGS

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  1. CPAN/ENDINGS
  2. ---
  3. FUNNY FILE ENDINGS AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT THEM
  4. The files in the CPAN have all kinds of curious endings (the parts
  5. after dots) and one must know what to do about them. The tools you
  6. need to run are marked like "this", inside double quotes, in the
  7. below list. Because CPAN is not just one place we cannot point
  8. you explicitly to the tools for your particular system, you have to
  9. locate them for your system, sorry. Try out whether your system
  10. already has them installed. If not, ask your local user support
  11. and/or search for them via the WWW search engines or the archie.
  12. In Win32 (95/98/NT/W2K) "WinZip" should be able to unpack the most
  13. usual archival and compression formats.
  14. In MacIntosh StuffIt should work.
  15. Archives and/or Compressed/Packed
  16. .tar Tape ARchive (never mind the 'tape' part, historical reasons,
  17. disk will do just fine). Program called "tar" will help,
  18. "tar tvf foo.tar" will list the contents, "tar xvf foo.tar"
  19. will extract the contents.
  20. .gz compressed with "gzip", "gunzip" (or "gzip -d") to uncompress
  21. .bz2 compressed with "bzip2", "bunzip2" (or "bzip2 -d") to uncompress
  22. .tgz .tar.gz in disguise for DOS, see below for "MULTIPLE ENDINGS"
  23. .tbz .tar.bz2 ditto, ditto
  24. .tbz2 .tar.bz2 ditto, ditto
  25. .taz .tar.gz ditto, ditto
  26. .tgZ .tar.Z ditto, ditto
  27. .Z compressed with "compress", "uncompress" to uncompress
  28. .uu UUencoded with "uuencode", "uudecode" to decode
  29. (note: the first line of the .uu file tells the name
  30. of the un-uuencoded file that will appear when you uudecode)
  31. .shar SHell ARchive: can be extracted in UNIX either with "unshar -c"
  32. or "unshar" or "sh".
  33. .zip PCish archive, "unzip -l foo.zip" to list the contents,
  34. "unzip -x foo.zip" to extract, "unzip -h" for help.
  35. .bin MacIntoshish archive, StuffIt should work. In UNIX
  36. a program called "mcvert" should work.
  37. .sit MacIntoshish archive, StuffIt should work. In UNIX
  38. a program called "unsit" should work.
  39. .hqx MacIntoshish archive, StuffIt should work.
  40. .zoo Amigaish/Atarish archive, zoo should work.
  41. Code and/or Documentation
  42. .pl PerL: perl script, any Perl version
  43. .pm Perl Module: Perl 5 onwards code
  44. .pod Plain Old Documentation: perl documentation,
  45. quite readable as-is but if needed converters like pod2man,
  46. pod2html, exist in the Perl 5 distribution (CPAN/src/5.0/)
  47. .xs Perl eXtenSion code, please see the perlxs documentation
  48. coming with the Perl 5 distribution
  49. .man UNIX man(1) manual page format (nroff)
  50. .1 ditto
  51. .html HyperText Markup Language: the Web-speak
  52. .tex TeX or LaTeX formatted text
  53. .txt Text
  54. Graphics
  55. .xbm X11 BitMap, view with e.g. "xv"
  56. .gif Graphics Interchange Format, view with e.g. "xv"
  57. .ps PostScript: you probably have a laser printer that groks this
  58. and possibly have a previewer like ghostscript ("gs", "gv") that will
  59. display this on screen
  60. .dvi DeVice Independent: TeX portable graphics display format:
  61. converters like "dvips" (DVI -> PostScript) and previewers
  62. like "xdvi" (X Window DVI) exist.
  63. "BUT I HAVE MULTIPLE ENDINGS..."
  64. The endings are recursive, work your way down from the right.
  65. .tar.gz First "gunzip", then "tar".
  66. .tar.bz2 First "bunzip2", then "tar".
  67. .tar.Z First "uncompress", then "tar". Often mangled for
  68. DOSish systems as .tgZ, .tgz, or .taz.
  69. .uu.gz First "gunzip", then "uudecode".
  70. .shar.gz First "gunzip", then "unshar".
  71. Note 1:
  72. The GNU zip, "gunzip", "gzip -d", can uncompress both .gz and .Z
  73. gunzip bar.gz
  74. gunzip foo.Z
  75. It cannot uncompress .bz2, though.
  76. Note 2:
  77. The GNU tar, often installed as "gnutar" or "gtar", can use "gunzip" if
  78. it can find it, one does not need to first uncompress and then "tar" but
  79. can instead do both in one sweep:
  80. gtar ztvf foo.tar.gz
  81. will list the contents of the gzipped foo.tar without having foo.tar
  82. in the disk.
  83. --
  84. cpan@perl.org