/src/ENDINGS
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1CPAN/ENDINGS 2 3--- 4 5FUNNY FILE ENDINGS AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT THEM 6 7 The files in the CPAN have all kinds of curious endings (the parts 8 after dots) and one must know what to do about them. The tools you 9 need to run are marked like "this", inside double quotes, in the 10 below list. Because CPAN is not just one place we cannot point 11 you explicitly to the tools for your particular system, you have to 12 locate them for your system, sorry. Try out whether your system 13 already has them installed. If not, ask your local user support 14 and/or search for them via the WWW search engines or the archie. 15 16 In Win32 (95/98/NT/W2K) "WinZip" should be able to unpack the most 17 usual archival and compression formats. 18 19 In MacIntosh StuffIt should work. 20 21 Archives and/or Compressed/Packed 22 23 .tar Tape ARchive (never mind the 'tape' part, historical reasons, 24 disk will do just fine). Program called "tar" will help, 25 "tar tvf foo.tar" will list the contents, "tar xvf foo.tar" 26 will extract the contents. 27 .gz compressed with "gzip", "gunzip" (or "gzip -d") to uncompress 28 .bz2 compressed with "bzip2", "bunzip2" (or "bzip2 -d") to uncompress 29 .tgz .tar.gz in disguise for DOS, see below for "MULTIPLE ENDINGS" 30 .tbz .tar.bz2 ditto, ditto 31 .tbz2 .tar.bz2 ditto, ditto 32 .taz .tar.gz ditto, ditto 33 .tgZ .tar.Z ditto, ditto 34 .Z compressed with "compress", "uncompress" to uncompress 35 .uu UUencoded with "uuencode", "uudecode" to decode 36 (note: the first line of the .uu file tells the name 37 of the un-uuencoded file that will appear when you uudecode) 38 .shar SHell ARchive: can be extracted in UNIX either with "unshar -c" 39 or "unshar" or "sh". 40 .zip PCish archive, "unzip -l foo.zip" to list the contents, 41 "unzip -x foo.zip" to extract, "unzip -h" for help. 42 .bin MacIntoshish archive, StuffIt should work. In UNIX 43 a program called "mcvert" should work. 44 .sit MacIntoshish archive, StuffIt should work. In UNIX 45 a program called "unsit" should work. 46 .hqx MacIntoshish archive, StuffIt should work. 47 .zoo Amigaish/Atarish archive, zoo should work. 48 49 Code and/or Documentation 50 51 .pl PerL: perl script, any Perl version 52 .pm Perl Module: Perl 5 onwards code 53 .pod Plain Old Documentation: perl documentation, 54 quite readable as-is but if needed converters like pod2man, 55 pod2html, exist in the Perl 5 distribution (CPAN/src/5.0/) 56 .xs Perl eXtenSion code, please see the perlxs documentation 57 coming with the Perl 5 distribution 58 .man UNIX man(1) manual page format (nroff) 59 .1 ditto 60 .html HyperText Markup Language: the Web-speak 61 .tex TeX or LaTeX formatted text 62 .txt Text 63 64 Graphics 65 66 .xbm X11 BitMap, view with e.g. "xv" 67 .gif Graphics Interchange Format, view with e.g. "xv" 68 .ps PostScript: you probably have a laser printer that groks this 69 and possibly have a previewer like ghostscript ("gs", "gv") that will 70 display this on screen 71 .dvi DeVice Independent: TeX portable graphics display format: 72 converters like "dvips" (DVI -> PostScript) and previewers 73 like "xdvi" (X Window DVI) exist. 74 75"BUT I HAVE MULTIPLE ENDINGS..." 76 77 The endings are recursive, work your way down from the right. 78 79 .tar.gz First "gunzip", then "tar". 80 .tar.bz2 First "bunzip2", then "tar". 81 .tar.Z First "uncompress", then "tar". Often mangled for 82 DOSish systems as .tgZ, .tgz, or .taz. 83 .uu.gz First "gunzip", then "uudecode". 84 .shar.gz First "gunzip", then "unshar". 85 86Note 1: 87 88 The GNU zip, "gunzip", "gzip -d", can uncompress both .gz and .Z 89 90 gunzip bar.gz 91 gunzip foo.Z 92 93 It cannot uncompress .bz2, though. 94 95Note 2: 96 97 The GNU tar, often installed as "gnutar" or "gtar", can use "gunzip" if 98 it can find it, one does not need to first uncompress and then "tar" but 99 can instead do both in one sweep: 100 101 gtar ztvf foo.tar.gz 102 103 will list the contents of the gzipped foo.tar without having foo.tar 104 in the disk. 105 106-- 107cpan@perl.org 108