/native/external/espeak/dictsource/la_rules

  1// This file is UTF-8 encoded
  2
  3// Reference:
  4// Allen, W. Sidney. Vox Latina — a Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Latin.
  5// Cambridge University Press, Second edition, 2003. ISBN 0-521-37936-9.
  6
  7// Orthographic notes:
  8//
  9// In classical latin the letters A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z were
 10// used. I and V were used for both the vowels /i/ and /u/, and the semivowels /j/ and
 11// /w/. Here the distinction between U and the V for /u/ and /w/ is assumed, as is the
 12// case in most modern texts. Also long vowels are indicated with macrons. Diaresis is
 13// used to prevent a diphtong being formed. Y with macron has to be replaced by 'yy', 
 14// since this character is incompatible with older unicode versions.
 15
 16
 17.replace
 18â	?
 19ę	?
 20î	?
 21ô	?
 22ű	?
 23?	yy
 24
 25
 26.L01 ae au eu oe a e i o u yy y ? ? ? ? ? ë ü é ć
 27.L02 ng qu pr tr cr chr br dr gr pl cl bl gl ph th ch 
 28
 29.group a
 30             a            a
 31    // Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate
 32             a (L01X      =a
 33             a (CL01X     =a
 34             a (L02L01X   =a
 35             a (guL01X    =a
 36             a (x+        a
 37    // Diphtongs
 38             ae (+++      aI
 39             au (+++      aU
 40
 41
 42.group ?
 43             ?            a:
 44
 45
 46.group ć
 47             ć            aI
 48
 49.group b
 50             b            b
 51             bb           b:
 52
 53
 54.group c
 55             c            k
 56             cc           k:
 57             cch          k:<h> // e.g. bracchium
 58             ch           k<h>
 59
 60
 61.group d
 62             d            d
 63             dd           d:
 64
 65
 66.group e
 67             e            E
 68    // Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate
 69             e (L01X      =E
 70             e (CL01X     =E
 71             e (L02L01X   =E
 72             e (guL01X    =E
 73             e (x+        E
 74    // Diphtongs
 75             eu (+++      EU
 76
 77
 78.group ?
 79             ?            e:
 80
 81
 82
 83.group f
 84             f            f
 85             ff           f:
 86
 87
 88.group g
 89             g            g
 90             gg           g:
 91             g (n         N
 92             ggu (A       g:w // Does this ever occur?
 93             gu (A        gw //g<w>
 94
 95
 96.group h
 97             h            h
 98             h:           h:
 99
100
101.group i
102             i            I
103    // Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate
104             i (L01X      =I
105             i (CL01X     =I
106             i (L02L01X   =I
107             i (guL01X    =I
108             i (x+        I
109    // Two adjacent 'i's should be separated by a glottal stop
110             i (iX        =I?
111             i (i         I?
112    // Cases in which 'i' is pronounced as the semi-vowel /j/
113          _) i (A         j
114          A) i (A+        j:
115    // Exceptions where u is a consonant
116         qu) i (L01X++    =I
117         qu) i (A++        I
118         gu) i (L01X++    =I
119         gu) i (A++        I
120         _u) i (L01X++    =I
121         _u) i (A++        I
122         Au) i (L01X++    =I
123         Au) i (A++        I
124    // Exceptions to the exceptions
125         au) i (A+++       j:
126         eu) i (A+++       j:
127
128
129.group ?
130             ?            i:
131
132
133.group k
134             k            k
135             kk           k:
136
137
138.group l
139             l            l
140             ll           l:
141
142
143.group m
144             m            m
145             mm           m:
146
147
148.group n
149             n            n
150             nn           n:
151             n (g         N
152             n (c         N
153             n (k         N
154             n (x         N
155             n (q         N
156
157
158.group o
159             o            O
160    // Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate
161             o (L01X      =O
162             o (CL01X     =O
163             o (L02L01X   =O
164             o (guL01X    =O
165             o (x+        O
166    // Diphtongs
167             oe (+++      OI
168
169
170.group ?
171             ?            o:
172
173
174.group p
175             p            p
176             pp           p:
177             pph          p:<h>
178             ph           p<h>
179
180
181.group qu
182             qu           kw //k<w>
183
184
185.group r
186          C) r            @-*
187             r            R
188          _) r            R
189             rr           R*
190          A) r (A         R
191
192
193.group s
194             s            s
195             ss           s:
196
197
198.group t
199             t            t
200             tt           t:
201             tth          t:<h> //Does this occur? It does at least across word boundaries e.g. leget Thyni
202             th           t<h>
203
204
205.group u
206             u            U
207    // Weak penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenutimate
208             u (L01X      =U
209             u (CL01X     =U
210             u (L02L01X   =U
211             u (guL01X    =U
212             u (x+        U
213    // Cases in which 'u' is pronounced as the semi-vowel /w/
214          A) u (A++       w
215          _) u (A+        w
216
217
218.group ?
219             ?            u:
220
221
222
223.group v
224             v            w
225          _) v            w
226             vv (+++      w:
227
228
229.group x
230             x            ks
231
232
233.group y
234             y            y  // Kirshenbaum I.
235             yy           y: // Should be y with macron, which is not present in older Unicode versions
236
237
238.group z
239             z            z
240             zz           z:
241          A) z (A         z:
242
243
244.group
245             j            j
246             w            w