/lib-python/modified-2.7/test/test_descr.py

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import __builtin__
import sys
import types
import unittest
import popen2     # trigger early the warning from popen2.py

from copy import deepcopy
from test import test_support


class OperatorsTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.binops = {
            'add': '+',
            'sub': '-',
            'mul': '*',
            'div': '/',
            'divmod': 'divmod',
            'pow': '**',
            'lshift': '<<',
            'rshift': '>>',
            'and': '&',
            'xor': '^',
            'or': '|',
            'cmp': 'cmp',
            'lt': '<',
            'le': '<=',
            'eq': '==',
            'ne': '!=',
            'gt': '>',
            'ge': '>=',
        }

        for name, expr in self.binops.items():
            if expr.islower():
                expr = expr + "(a, b)"
            else:
                expr = 'a %s b' % expr
            self.binops[name] = expr

        self.unops = {
            'pos': '+',
            'neg': '-',
            'abs': 'abs',
            'invert': '~',
            'int': 'int',
            'long': 'long',
            'float': 'float',
            'oct': 'oct',
            'hex': 'hex',
        }

        for name, expr in self.unops.items():
            if expr.islower():
                expr = expr + "(a)"
            else:
                expr = '%s a' % expr
            self.unops[name] = expr

    def unop_test(self, a, res, expr="len(a)", meth="__len__"):
        d = {'a': a}
        self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
        t = type(a)
        m = getattr(t, meth)

        # Find method in parent class
        while meth not in t.__dict__:
            t = t.__bases__[0]
        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
        self.assertEqual(m(a), res)
        bm = getattr(a, meth)
        self.assertEqual(bm(), res)

    def binop_test(self, a, b, res, expr="a+b", meth="__add__"):
        d = {'a': a, 'b': b}

        # XXX Hack so this passes before 2.3 when -Qnew is specified.
        if meth == "__div__" and 1/2 == 0.5:
            meth = "__truediv__"

        if meth == '__divmod__': pass

        self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
        t = type(a)
        m = getattr(t, meth)
        while meth not in t.__dict__:
            t = t.__bases__[0]
        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
        self.assertEqual(m(a, b), res)
        bm = getattr(a, meth)
        self.assertEqual(bm(b), res)

    def ternop_test(self, a, b, c, res, expr="a[b:c]", meth="__getslice__"):
        d = {'a': a, 'b': b, 'c': c}
        self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
        t = type(a)
        m = getattr(t, meth)
        while meth not in t.__dict__:
            t = t.__bases__[0]
        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
        self.assertEqual(m(a, b, c), res)
        bm = getattr(a, meth)
        self.assertEqual(bm(b, c), res)

    def setop_test(self, a, b, res, stmt="a+=b", meth="__iadd__"):
        d = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b}
        exec stmt in d
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
        t = type(a)
        m = getattr(t, meth)
        while meth not in t.__dict__:
            t = t.__bases__[0]
        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
        m(d['a'], b)
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
        bm = getattr(d['a'], meth)
        bm(b)
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)

    def set2op_test(self, a, b, c, res, stmt="a[b]=c", meth="__setitem__"):
        d = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b, 'c': c}
        exec stmt in d
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
        t = type(a)
        m = getattr(t, meth)
        while meth not in t.__dict__:
            t = t.__bases__[0]
        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
        m(d['a'], b, c)
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
        bm = getattr(d['a'], meth)
        bm(b, c)
        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)

    def set3op_test(self, a, b, c, d, res, stmt="a[b:c]=d", meth="__setslice__"):
        dictionary = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b, 'c': c, 'd': d}
        exec stmt in dictionary
        self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
        t = type(a)
        while meth not in t.__dict__:
            t = t.__bases__[0]
        m = getattr(t, meth)
        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
        dictionary['a'] = deepcopy(a)
        m(dictionary['a'], b, c, d)
        self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
        dictionary['a'] = deepcopy(a)
        bm = getattr(dictionary['a'], meth)
        bm(b, c, d)
        self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)

    def test_lists(self):
        # Testing list operations...
        # Asserts are within individual test methods
        self.binop_test([1], [2], [1,2], "a+b", "__add__")
        self.binop_test([1,2,3], 2, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test([1,2,3], 4, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test([1,2,3], 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
        self.ternop_test([1,2,3], 0, 2, [1,2], "a[b:c]", "__getslice__")
        self.setop_test([1], [2], [1,2], "a+=b", "__iadd__")
        self.setop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "a*=b", "__imul__")
        self.unop_test([1,2,3], 3, "len(a)", "__len__")
        self.binop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "a*b", "__mul__")
        self.binop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "b*a", "__rmul__")
        self.set2op_test([1,2], 1, 3, [1,3], "a[b]=c", "__setitem__")
        self.set3op_test([1,2,3,4], 1, 3, [5,6], [1,5,6,4], "a[b:c]=d",
                        "__setslice__")

    def test_dicts(self):
        # Testing dict operations...
        if hasattr(dict, '__cmp__'):   # PyPy has only rich comparison on dicts
            self.binop_test({1:2}, {2:1}, -1, "cmp(a,b)", "__cmp__")
        else:
            self.binop_test({1:2}, {2:1}, True, "a < b", "__lt__")
        self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 1, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 2, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")

        d = {1:2, 3:4}
        l1 = []
        for i in d.keys():
            l1.append(i)
        l = []
        for i in iter(d):
            l.append(i)
        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
        l = []
        for i in d.__iter__():
            l.append(i)
        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
        l = []
        for i in dict.__iter__(d):
            l.append(i)
        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
        d = {1:2, 3:4}
        self.unop_test(d, 2, "len(a)", "__len__")
        self.assertEqual(eval(repr(d), {}), d)
        self.assertEqual(eval(d.__repr__(), {}), d)
        self.set2op_test({1:2,3:4}, 2, 3, {1:2,2:3,3:4}, "a[b]=c",
                        "__setitem__")

    # Tests for unary and binary operators
    def number_operators(self, a, b, skip=[]):
        dict = {'a': a, 'b': b}

        for name, expr in self.binops.items():
            if name not in skip:
                name = "__%s__" % name
                if hasattr(a, name):
                    res = eval(expr, dict)
                    self.binop_test(a, b, res, expr, name)

        for name, expr in self.unops.items():
            if name not in skip:
                name = "__%s__" % name
                if hasattr(a, name):
                    res = eval(expr, dict)
                    self.unop_test(a, res, expr, name)

    def test_ints(self):
        # Testing int operations...
        self.number_operators(100, 3)
        # The following crashes in Python 2.2
        self.assertEqual((1).__nonzero__(), 1)
        self.assertEqual((0).__nonzero__(), 0)
        # This returns 'NotImplemented' in Python 2.2
        class C(int):
            def __add__(self, other):
                return NotImplemented
        self.assertEqual(C(5L), 5)
        try:
            C() + ""
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("NotImplemented should have caused TypeError")
        try:
            C(sys.maxint+1)
        except OverflowError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("should have raised OverflowError")

    def test_longs(self):
        # Testing long operations...
        self.number_operators(100L, 3L)

    def test_floats(self):
        # Testing float operations...
        self.number_operators(100.0, 3.0)

    def test_complexes(self):
        # Testing complex operations...
        self.number_operators(100.0j, 3.0j, skip=['lt', 'le', 'gt', 'ge',
                                                  'int', 'long', 'float'])

        class Number(complex):
            __slots__ = ['prec']
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                result = complex.__new__(cls, *args)
                result.prec = kwds.get('prec', 12)
                return result
            def __repr__(self):
                prec = self.prec
                if self.imag == 0.0:
                    return "%.*g" % (prec, self.real)
                if self.real == 0.0:
                    return "%.*gj" % (prec, self.imag)
                return "(%.*g+%.*gj)" % (prec, self.real, prec, self.imag)
            __str__ = __repr__

        a = Number(3.14, prec=6)
        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "3.14")
        self.assertEqual(a.prec, 6)

        a = Number(a, prec=2)
        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "3.1")
        self.assertEqual(a.prec, 2)

        a = Number(234.5)
        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "234.5")
        self.assertEqual(a.prec, 12)

    @test_support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
    def test_spam_lists(self):
        # Testing spamlist operations...
        import copy, xxsubtype as spam

        def spamlist(l, memo=None):
            import xxsubtype as spam
            return spam.spamlist(l)

        # This is an ugly hack:
        copy._deepcopy_dispatch[spam.spamlist] = spamlist

        self.binop_test(spamlist([1]), spamlist([2]), spamlist([1,2]), "a+b",
                       "__add__")
        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 2, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 4, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
        self.ternop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 0, 2, spamlist([1,2]), "a[b:c]",
                        "__getslice__")
        self.setop_test(spamlist([1]), spamlist([2]), spamlist([1,2]), "a+=b",
                       "__iadd__")
        self.setop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "a*=b",
                       "__imul__")
        self.unop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 3, "len(a)", "__len__")
        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "a*b",
                       "__mul__")
        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "b*a",
                       "__rmul__")
        self.set2op_test(spamlist([1,2]), 1, 3, spamlist([1,3]), "a[b]=c",
                        "__setitem__")
        self.set3op_test(spamlist([1,2,3,4]), 1, 3, spamlist([5,6]),
                   spamlist([1,5,6,4]), "a[b:c]=d", "__setslice__")
        # Test subclassing
        class C(spam.spamlist):
            def foo(self): return 1
        a = C()
        self.assertEqual(a, [])
        self.assertEqual(a.foo(), 1)
        a.append(100)
        self.assertEqual(a, [100])
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
        a.setstate(42)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 42)

    @test_support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
    def test_spam_dicts(self):
        # Testing spamdict operations...
        import copy, xxsubtype as spam
        def spamdict(d, memo=None):
            import xxsubtype as spam
            sd = spam.spamdict()
            for k, v in d.items():
                sd[k] = v
            return sd
        # This is an ugly hack:
        copy._deepcopy_dispatch[spam.spamdict] = spamdict

        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2}), spamdict({2:1}), -1, "cmp(a,b)",
                       "__cmp__")
        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 1, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 2, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
        d = spamdict({1:2,3:4})
        l1 = []
        for i in d.keys():
            l1.append(i)
        l = []
        for i in iter(d):
            l.append(i)
        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
        l = []
        for i in d.__iter__():
            l.append(i)
        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
        l = []
        for i in type(spamdict({})).__iter__(d):
            l.append(i)
        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
        straightd = {1:2, 3:4}
        spamd = spamdict(straightd)
        self.unop_test(spamd, 2, "len(a)", "__len__")
        self.unop_test(spamd, repr(straightd), "repr(a)", "__repr__")
        self.set2op_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 2, 3, spamdict({1:2,2:3,3:4}),
                   "a[b]=c", "__setitem__")
        # Test subclassing
        class C(spam.spamdict):
            def foo(self): return 1
        a = C()
        self.assertEqual(a.items(), [])
        self.assertEqual(a.foo(), 1)
        a['foo'] = 'bar'
        self.assertEqual(a.items(), [('foo', 'bar')])
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
        a.setstate(100)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 100)

class ClassPropertiesAndMethods(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_python_dicts(self):
        # Testing Python subclass of dict...
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(dict, dict))
        self.assertIsInstance({}, dict)
        d = dict()
        self.assertEqual(d, {})
        self.assertTrue(d.__class__ is dict)
        self.assertIsInstance(d, dict)
        class C(dict):
            state = -1
            def __init__(self_local, *a, **kw):
                if a:
                    self.assertEqual(len(a), 1)
                    self_local.state = a[0]
                if kw:
                    for k, v in kw.items():
                        self_local[v] = k
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self.get(key, 0)
            def __setitem__(self_local, key, value):
                self.assertIsInstance(key, type(0))
                dict.__setitem__(self_local, key, value)
            def setstate(self, state):
                self.state = state
            def getstate(self):
                return self.state
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, dict))
        a1 = C(12)
        self.assertEqual(a1.state, 12)
        a2 = C(foo=1, bar=2)
        self.assertEqual(a2[1] == 'foo' and a2[2], 'bar')
        a = C()
        self.assertEqual(a.state, -1)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), -1)
        a.setstate(0)
        self.assertEqual(a.state, 0)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
        a.setstate(10)
        self.assertEqual(a.state, 10)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
        self.assertEqual(a[42], 0)
        a[42] = 24
        self.assertEqual(a[42], 24)
        N = 50
        for i in range(N):
            a[i] = C()
            for j in range(N):
                a[i][j] = i*j
        for i in range(N):
            for j in range(N):
                self.assertEqual(a[i][j], i*j)

    def test_python_lists(self):
        # Testing Python subclass of list...
        class C(list):
            def __getitem__(self, i):
                return list.__getitem__(self, i) + 100
            def __getslice__(self, i, j):
                return (i, j)
        a = C()
        a.extend([0,1,2])
        self.assertEqual(a[0], 100)
        self.assertEqual(a[1], 101)
        self.assertEqual(a[2], 102)
        self.assertEqual(a[100:200], (100,200))

    def test_metaclass(self):
        # Testing __metaclass__...
        class C:
            __metaclass__ = type
            def __init__(self):
                self.__state = 0
            def getstate(self):
                return self.__state
            def setstate(self, state):
                self.__state = state
        a = C()
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
        a.setstate(10)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
        class D:
            class __metaclass__(type):
                def myself(cls): return cls
        self.assertEqual(D.myself(), D)
        d = D()
        self.assertEqual(d.__class__, D)
        class M1(type):
            def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
                dict['__spam__'] = 1
                return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict)
        class C:
            __metaclass__ = M1
        self.assertEqual(C.__spam__, 1)
        c = C()
        self.assertEqual(c.__spam__, 1)

        class _instance(object):
            pass
        class M2(object):
            @staticmethod
            def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
                self = object.__new__(cls)
                self.name = name
                self.bases = bases
                self.dict = dict
                return self
            def __call__(self):
                it = _instance()
                # Early binding of methods
                for key in self.dict:
                    if key.startswith("__"):
                        continue
                    setattr(it, key, self.dict[key].__get__(it, self))
                return it
        class C:
            __metaclass__ = M2
            def spam(self):
                return 42
        self.assertEqual(C.name, 'C')
        self.assertEqual(C.bases, ())
        self.assertIn('spam', C.dict)
        c = C()
        self.assertEqual(c.spam(), 42)

        # More metaclass examples

        class autosuper(type):
            # Automatically add __super to the class
            # This trick only works for dynamic classes
            def __new__(metaclass, name, bases, dict):
                cls = super(autosuper, metaclass).__new__(metaclass,
                                                          name, bases, dict)
                # Name mangling for __super removes leading underscores
                while name[:1] == "_":
                    name = name[1:]
                if name:
                    name = "_%s__super" % name
                else:
                    name = "__super"
                setattr(cls, name, super(cls))
                return cls
        class A:
            __metaclass__ = autosuper
            def meth(self):
                return "A"
        class B(A):
            def meth(self):
                return "B" + self.__super.meth()
        class C(A):
            def meth(self):
                return "C" + self.__super.meth()
        class D(C, B):
            def meth(self):
                return "D" + self.__super.meth()
        self.assertEqual(D().meth(), "DCBA")
        class E(B, C):
            def meth(self):
                return "E" + self.__super.meth()
        self.assertEqual(E().meth(), "EBCA")

        class autoproperty(type):
            # Automatically create property attributes when methods
            # named _get_x and/or _set_x are found
            def __new__(metaclass, name, bases, dict):
                hits = {}
                for key, val in dict.iteritems():
                    if key.startswith("_get_"):
                        key = key[5:]
                        get, set = hits.get(key, (None, None))
                        get = val
                        hits[key] = get, set
                    elif key.startswith("_set_"):
                        key = key[5:]
                        get, set = hits.get(key, (None, None))
                        set = val
                        hits[key] = get, set
                for key, (get, set) in hits.iteritems():
                    dict[key] = property(get, set)
                return super(autoproperty, metaclass).__new__(metaclass,
                                                            name, bases, dict)
        class A:
            __metaclass__ = autoproperty
            def _get_x(self):
                return -self.__x
            def _set_x(self, x):
                self.__x = -x
        a = A()
        self.assertTrue(not hasattr(a, "x"))
        a.x = 12
        self.assertEqual(a.x, 12)
        self.assertEqual(a._A__x, -12)

        class multimetaclass(autoproperty, autosuper):
            # Merge of multiple cooperating metaclasses
            pass
        class A:
            __metaclass__ = multimetaclass
            def _get_x(self):
                return "A"
        class B(A):
            def _get_x(self):
                return "B" + self.__super._get_x()
        class C(A):
            def _get_x(self):
                return "C" + self.__super._get_x()
        class D(C, B):
            def _get_x(self):
                return "D" + self.__super._get_x()
        self.assertEqual(D().x, "DCBA")

        # Make sure type(x) doesn't call x.__class__.__init__
        class T(type):
            counter = 0
            def __init__(self, *args):
                T.counter += 1
        class C:
            __metaclass__ = T
        self.assertEqual(T.counter, 1)
        a = C()
        self.assertEqual(type(a), C)
        self.assertEqual(T.counter, 1)

        class C(object): pass
        c = C()
        try: c()
        except TypeError: pass
        else: self.fail("calling object w/o call method should raise "
                        "TypeError")

        # Testing code to find most derived baseclass
        class A(type):
            def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
                return type.__new__(*args, **kwargs)

        class B(object):
            pass

        class C(object):
            __metaclass__ = A

        # The most derived metaclass of D is A rather than type.
        class D(B, C):
            pass

    def test_module_subclasses(self):
        # Testing Python subclass of module...
        log = []
        MT = type(sys)
        class MM(MT):
            def __init__(self, name):
                MT.__init__(self, name)
            def __getattribute__(self, name):
                log.append(("getattr", name))
                return MT.__getattribute__(self, name)
            def __setattr__(self, name, value):
                log.append(("setattr", name, value))
                MT.__setattr__(self, name, value)
            def __delattr__(self, name):
                log.append(("delattr", name))
                MT.__delattr__(self, name)
        a = MM("a")
        a.foo = 12
        x = a.foo
        del a.foo
        self.assertEqual(log, [("setattr", "foo", 12),
                               ("getattr", "foo"),
                               ("delattr", "foo")])

        # http://python.org/sf/1174712
        try:
            class Module(types.ModuleType, str):
                pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("inheriting from ModuleType and str at the same time "
                      "should fail")

    def test_multiple_inheritence(self):
        # Testing multiple inheritance...
        class C(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.__state = 0
            def getstate(self):
                return self.__state
            def setstate(self, state):
                self.__state = state
        a = C()
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
        a.setstate(10)
        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
        class D(dict, C):
            def __init__(self):
                type({}).__init__(self)
                C.__init__(self)
        d = D()
        self.assertEqual(d.keys(), [])
        d["hello"] = "world"
        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [("hello", "world")])
        self.assertEqual(d["hello"], "world")
        self.assertEqual(d.getstate(), 0)
        d.setstate(10)
        self.assertEqual(d.getstate(), 10)
        self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, dict, C, object))

        # SF bug #442833
        class Node(object):
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self.foo())
            def foo(self):
                return "23"
        class Frag(Node, list):
            def foo(self):
                return "42"
        self.assertEqual(Node().__int__(), 23)
        self.assertEqual(int(Node()), 23)
        self.assertEqual(Frag().__int__(), 42)
        self.assertEqual(int(Frag()), 42)

        # MI mixing classic and new-style classes.

        class A:
            x = 1

        class B(A):
            pass

        class C(A):
            x = 2

        class D(B, C):
            pass
        self.assertEqual(D.x, 1)

        # Classic MRO is preserved for a classic base class.
        class E(D, object):
            pass
        self.assertEqual(E.__mro__, (E, D, B, A, C, object))
        self.assertEqual(E.x, 1)

        # But with a mix of classic bases, their MROs are combined using
        # new-style MRO.
        class F(B, C, object):
            pass
        self.assertEqual(F.__mro__, (F, B, C, A, object))
        self.assertEqual(F.x, 2)

        # Try something else.
        class C:
            def cmethod(self):
                return "C a"
            def all_method(self):
                return "C b"

        class M1(C, object):
            def m1method(self):
                return "M1 a"
            def all_method(self):
                return "M1 b"

        self.assertEqual(M1.__mro__, (M1, C, object))
        m = M1()
        self.assertEqual(m.cmethod(), "C a")
        self.assertEqual(m.m1method(), "M1 a")
        self.assertEqual(m.all_method(), "M1 b")

        class D(C):
            def dmethod(self):
                return "D a"
            def all_method(self):
                return "D b"

        class M2(D, object):
            def m2method(self):
                return "M2 a"
            def all_method(self):
                return "M2 b"

        self.assertEqual(M2.__mro__, (M2, D, C, object))
        m = M2()
        self.assertEqual(m.cmethod(), "C a")
        self.assertEqual(m.dmethod(), "D a")
        self.assertEqual(m.m2method(), "M2 a")
        self.assertEqual(m.all_method(), "M2 b")

        class M3(M1, M2, object):
            def m3method(self):
                return "M3 a"
            def all_method(self):
                return "M3 b"
        self.assertEqual(M3.__mro__, (M3, M1, M2, D, C, object))
        m = M3()
        self.assertEqual(m.cmethod(), "C a")
        self.assertEqual(m.dmethod(), "D a")
        self.assertEqual(m.m1method(), "M1 a")
        self.assertEqual(m.m2method(), "M2 a")
        self.assertEqual(m.m3method(), "M3 a")
        self.assertEqual(m.all_method(), "M3 b")

        class Classic:
            pass
        try:
            class New(Classic):
                __metaclass__ = type
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("new class with only classic bases - shouldn't be")

    def test_diamond_inheritence(self):
        # Testing multiple inheritance special cases...
        class A(object):
            def spam(self): return "A"
        self.assertEqual(A().spam(), "A")
        class B(A):
            def boo(self): return "B"
            def spam(self): return "B"
        self.assertEqual(B().spam(), "B")
        self.assertEqual(B().boo(), "B")
        class C(A):
            def boo(self): return "C"
        self.assertEqual(C().spam(), "A")
        self.assertEqual(C().boo(), "C")
        class D(B, C): pass
        self.assertEqual(D().spam(), "B")
        self.assertEqual(D().boo(), "B")
        self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, B, C, A, object))
        class E(C, B): pass
        self.assertEqual(E().spam(), "B")
        self.assertEqual(E().boo(), "C")
        self.assertEqual(E.__mro__, (E, C, B, A, object))
        # MRO order disagreement
        try:
            class F(D, E): pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("expected MRO order disagreement (F)")
        try:
            class G(E, D): pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("expected MRO order disagreement (G)")

    # see thread python-dev/2002-October/029035.html
    def test_ex5_from_c3_switch(self):
        # Testing ex5 from C3 switch discussion...
        class A(object): pass
        class B(object): pass
        class C(object): pass
        class X(A): pass
        class Y(A): pass
        class Z(X,B,Y,C): pass
        self.assertEqual(Z.__mro__, (Z, X, B, Y, A, C, object))

    # see "A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan",
    # by Kim Barrett et al. (OOPSLA 1996)
    def test_monotonicity(self):
        # Testing MRO monotonicity...
        class Boat(object): pass
        class DayBoat(Boat): pass
        class WheelBoat(Boat): pass
        class EngineLess(DayBoat): pass
        class SmallMultihull(DayBoat): pass
        class PedalWheelBoat(EngineLess,WheelBoat): pass
        class SmallCatamaran(SmallMultihull): pass
        class Pedalo(PedalWheelBoat,SmallCatamaran): pass

        self.assertEqual(PedalWheelBoat.__mro__,
              (PedalWheelBoat, EngineLess, DayBoat, WheelBoat, Boat, object))
        self.assertEqual(SmallCatamaran.__mro__,
              (SmallCatamaran, SmallMultihull, DayBoat, Boat, object))
        self.assertEqual(Pedalo.__mro__,
              (Pedalo, PedalWheelBoat, EngineLess, SmallCatamaran,
               SmallMultihull, DayBoat, WheelBoat, Boat, object))

    # see "A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan",
    # by Kim Barrett et al. (OOPSLA 1996)
    def test_consistency_with_epg(self):
        # Testing consistency with EPG...
        class Pane(object): pass
        class ScrollingMixin(object): pass
        class EditingMixin(object): pass
        class ScrollablePane(Pane,ScrollingMixin): pass
        class EditablePane(Pane,EditingMixin): pass
        class EditableScrollablePane(ScrollablePane,EditablePane): pass

        self.assertEqual(EditableScrollablePane.__mro__,
              (EditableScrollablePane, ScrollablePane, EditablePane, Pane,
                ScrollingMixin, EditingMixin, object))

    def test_mro_disagreement(self):
        # Testing error messages for MRO disagreement...
        mro_err_msg = """Cannot create a consistent method resolution
order (MRO) for bases """

        def raises(exc, expected, callable, *args):
            try:
                callable(*args)
            except exc, msg:
                # the exact msg is generally considered an impl detail
                if test_support.check_impl_detail():
                    if not str(msg).startswith(expected):
                        self.fail("Message %r, expected %r" %
                                  (str(msg), expected))
            else:
                self.fail("Expected %s" % exc)

        class A(object): pass
        class B(A): pass
        class C(object): pass

        # Test some very simple errors
        raises(TypeError, "duplicate base class A",
               type, "X", (A, A), {})
        raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
               type, "X", (A, B), {})
        raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
               type, "X", (A, C, B), {})
        # Test a slightly more complex error
        class GridLayout(object): pass
        class HorizontalGrid(GridLayout): pass
        class VerticalGrid(GridLayout): pass
        class HVGrid(HorizontalGrid, VerticalGrid): pass
        class VHGrid(VerticalGrid, HorizontalGrid): pass
        raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
               type, "ConfusedGrid", (HVGrid, VHGrid), {})

    def test_object_class(self):
        # Testing object class...
        a = object()
        self.assertEqual(a.__class__, object)
        self.assertEqual(type(a), object)
        b = object()
        self.assertNotEqual(a, b)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(a, "foo"))
        try:
            a.foo = 12
        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("object() should not allow setting a foo attribute")
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(object(), "__dict__"))

        class Cdict(object):
            pass
        x = Cdict()
        self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {})
        x.foo = 1
        self.assertEqual(x.foo, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 1})

    def test_slots(self):
        # Testing __slots__...
        class C0(object):
            __slots__ = []
        x = C0()
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, "__dict__"))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, "foo"))

        class C1(object):
            __slots__ = ['a']
        x = C1()
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, "__dict__"))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, "a"))
        x.a = 1
        self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
        x.a = None
        self.assertEqual(x.a, None)
        del x.a
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, "a"))

        class C3(object):
            __slots__ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
        x = C3()
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, "__dict__"))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, 'a'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, 'b'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, 'c'))
        x.a = 1
        x.b = 2
        x.c = 3
        self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
        self.assertEqual(x.b, 2)
        self.assertEqual(x.c, 3)

        class C4(object):
            """Validate name mangling"""
            __slots__ = ['__a']
            def __init__(self, value):
                self.__a = value
            def get(self):
                return self.__a
        x = C4(5)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, '__dict__'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(x, '__a'))
        self.assertEqual(x.get(), 5)
        try:
            x.__a = 6
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("Double underscored names not mangled")

        # Make sure slot names are proper identifiers
        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = [None]
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("[None] slots not caught")
        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = ["foo bar"]
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("['foo bar'] slots not caught")
        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = ["foo\0bar"]
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("['foo\\0bar'] slots not caught")
        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = ["1"]
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("['1'] slots not caught")
        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = [""]
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("[''] slots not caught")
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ["a", "a_b", "_a", "A0123456789Z"]
        # XXX(nnorwitz): was there supposed to be something tested
        # from the class above?

        # Test a single string is not expanded as a sequence.
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = "abc"
        c = C()
        c.abc = 5
        self.assertEqual(c.abc, 5)

        # Test unicode slot names
        try:
            unicode
        except NameError:
            pass
        else:
            # Test a single unicode string is not expanded as a sequence.
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = unicode("abc")
            c = C()
            c.abc = 5
            self.assertEqual(c.abc, 5)

            # _unicode_to_string used to modify slots in certain circumstances
            slots = (unicode("foo"), unicode("bar"))
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = slots
            x = C()
            x.foo = 5
            self.assertEqual(x.foo, 5)
            self.assertEqual(type(slots[0]), unicode)
            # this used to leak references
            try:
                class C(object):
                    __slots__ = [unichr(128)]
            except (TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError):
                pass
            else:
                self.fail("[unichr(128)] slots not caught")

        # Test leaks
        class Counted(object):
            counter = 0    # counts the number of instances alive
            def __init__(self):
                Counted.counter += 1
            def __del__(self):
                Counted.counter -= 1
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
        x = C()
        x.a = Counted()
        x.b = Counted()
        x.c = Counted()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 3)
        del x
        test_support.gc_collect()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
        class D(C):
            pass
        x = D()
        x.a = Counted()
        x.z = Counted()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 2)
        del x
        test_support.gc_collect()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
        class E(D):
            __slots__ = ['e']
        x = E()
        x.a = Counted()
        x.z = Counted()
        x.e = Counted()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 3)
        del x
        test_support.gc_collect()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)

        # Test cyclical leaks [SF bug 519621]
        class F(object):
            __slots__ = ['a', 'b']
        s = F()
        s.a = [Counted(), s]
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 1)
        s = None
        test_support.gc_collect()
        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)

        # Test lookup leaks [SF bug 572567]
        import gc
        if test_support.check_impl_detail():
            class G(object):
                def __cmp__(self, other):
                    return 0
                __hash__ = None # Silence Py3k warning
            g = G()
            orig_objects = len(gc.get_objects())
            for i in xrange(10):
                g==g
            new_objects = len(gc.get_objects())
            self.assertEqual(orig_objects, new_objects)

        class H(object):
            __slots__ = ['a', 'b']
            def __init__(self):
                self.a = 1
                self.b = 2
            def __del__(self_):
                self.assertEqual(self_.a, 1)
                self.assertEqual(self_.b, 2)
        with test_support.captured_output('stderr') as s:
            h = H()
            del h
        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), '')

        class X(object):
            __slots__ = "a"
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            del X().a

    def test_slots_special(self):
        # Testing __dict__ and __weakref__ in __slots__...
        class D(object):
            __slots__ = ["__dict__"]
        a = D()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "__dict__"))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(a, "__weakref__"))
        a.foo = 42
        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})

        class W(object):
            __slots__ = ["__weakref__"]
        a = W()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "__weakref__"))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(a, "__dict__"))
        try:
            a.foo = 42
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("shouldn't be allowed to set a.foo")

        class C1(W, D):
            __slots__ = []
        a = C1()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "__dict__"))
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "__weakref__"))
        a.foo = 42
        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})

        class C2(D, W):
            __slots__ = []
        a = C2()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "__dict__"))
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, "__weakref__"))
        a.foo = 42
        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})

    def test_slots_descriptor(self):
        # Issue2115: slot descriptors did not correctly check
        # the type of the given object
        import abc
        class MyABC:
            __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
            __slots__ = "a"

        class Unrelated(object):
            pass
        MyABC.register(Unrelated)

        u = Unrelated()
        self.assertIsInstance(u, MyABC)

        # This used to crash
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, MyABC.a.__set__, u, 3)

    def test_metaclass_cmp(self):
        # See bug 7491.
        class M(type):
            def __cmp__(self, other):
                return -1
        class X(object):
            __metaclass__ = M
        self.assertTrue(X < M)

    def test_dynamics(self):
        # Testing class attribute propagation...
        class D(object):
            pass
        class E(D):
            pass
        class F(D):
            pass
        D.foo = 1
        self.assertEqual(D.foo, 1)
        # Test that dynamic attributes are inherited
        self.assertEqual(E.foo, 1)
        self.assertEqual(F.foo, 1)
        # Test dynamic instances
        class C(object):
            pass
        a = C()
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(a, "foobar"))
        C.foobar = 2
        self.assertEqual(a.foobar, 2)
        C.method = lambda self: 42
        self.assertEqual(a.method(), 42)
        C.__repr__ = lambda self: "C()"
        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "C()")
        C.__int__ = lambda self: 100
        self.assertEqual(int(a), 100)
        self.assertEqual(a.foobar, 2)
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(a, "spam"))
        def mygetattr(self, name):
            if name == "spam":
                return "spam"
            raise AttributeError
        C.__getattr__ = mygetattr
        self.assertEqual(a.spam, "spam")
        a.new = 12
        self.assertEqual(a.new, 12)
        def mysetattr(self, name, value):
            if name == "spam":
                raise AttributeError
            return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
        C.__setattr__ = mysetattr
        try:
            a.spam = "not spam"
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("expected AttributeError")
        self.assertEqual(a.spam, "spam")
        class D(C):
            pass
        d = D()
        d.foo = 1
        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)

        # Test handling of int*seq and seq*int
        class I(int):
            pass
        self.assertEqual("a"*I(2), "aa")
        self.assertEqual(I(2)*"a", "aa")
        self.assertEqual(2*I(3), 6)
        self.assertEqual(I(3)*2, 6)
        self.assertEqual(I(3)*I(2), 6)

        # Test handling of long*seq and seq*long
        class L(long):
            pass
        self.assertEqual("a"*L(2L), "aa")
        self.assertEqual(L(2L)*"a", "aa")
        self.assertEqual(2*L(3), 6)
        self.assertEqual(L(3)*2, 6)
        self.assertEqual(L(3)*L(2), 6)

        # Test comparison of classes with dynamic metaclasses
        class dynamicmetaclass(type):
            pass
        class someclass:
            __metaclass__ = dynamicmetaclass
        self.assertNotEqual(someclass, object)

    def test_errors(self):
        # Testing errors...
        try:
            class C(list, dict):
                pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("inheritance from both list and dict should be illegal")

        try:
            class C(object, None):
                pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("inheritance from non-type should be illegal")
        class Classic:
            pass

        try:
            class C(type(len)):
                pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("inheritance from CFunction should be illegal")

        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = 1
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("__slots__ = 1 should be illegal")

        try:
            class C(object):
                __slots__ = [1]
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("__slots__ = [1] should be illegal")

        class M1(type):
            pass
        class M2(type):
            pass
        class A1(object):
            __metaclass__ = M1
        class A2(object):
            __metaclass__ = M2
        try:
            class B(A1, A2):
                pass
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("finding the most derived metaclass should have failed")

    def test_classmethods(self):
        # Testing class methods...
        class C(object):
            def foo(*a): return a
            goo = classmethod(foo)
        c = C()
        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
        class D(C):
            pass
        d = D()
        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
        # Test for a specific crash (SF bug 528132)
        def f(cls, arg): return (cls, arg)
        ff = classmethod(f)
        self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0, int)(42), (int, 42))
        self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0)(42), (int, 42))

        # Test super() with classmethods (SF bug 535444)
        self.assertEqual(C.goo.im_self, C)
        self.assertEqual(D.goo.im_self, D)
        self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo.im_self, D)
        self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo.im_self, D)
        self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo(), (D,))
        self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo(), (D,))

        # Verify that a non-callable will raise
        meth = classmethod(1).__get__(1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth)

        # Verify that classmethod() doesn't allow keyword args
        try:
            classmethod(f, kw=1)
        except TypeError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("classmethod shouldn't accept keyword args")

    @test_support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
    def test_classmethods_in_c(self):
        # Testing C-based class methods...
        import xxsubtype as spam
        a = (1, 2, 3)
        d = {'abc': 123}
        x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist.classmeth(*a, **d)
        self.assertEqual(x, spam.spamlist)
        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
        self.assertEqual(d, d1)
        x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist().classmeth(*a, **d)
        self.assertEqual(x, spam.spamlist)
        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
        self.assertEqual(d, d1)

    def test_staticmethods(self):
        # Testing static methods...
        class C(object):
            def foo(*a): return a
            goo = staticmethod(foo)
        c = C()
        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (1,))
        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (1,))
        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1,))
        class D(C):
            pass
        d = D()
        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (1,))
        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (1,))
        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))

    @test_support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
    def test_staticmethods_in_c(self):
        # Testing C-based static methods...
        import xxsubtype as spam
        a = (1, 2, 3)
        d = {"abc": 123}
        x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist.staticmeth(*a, **d)
        self.assertEqual(x, None)
        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
        self.assertEqual(d, d1)
        x, a1, d2 = spam.spamlist().staticmeth(*a, **d)
        self.assertEqual(x, None)
        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
        self.assertEqual(d, d1)

    def test_classic(self):
        # Testing classic classes...
        class C:
            def foo(*a): return a
            goo = classmethod(foo)
        c = C()
        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
        class D(C):
            pass
        d = D()
        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
        class E: # *not* subclassing from C
            foo = C.foo
        self.assertEqual(E().foo, C.foo) # i.e., unbound
        self.assertTrue(repr(C.foo.__get__(C())).startswith("<bound method "))

    def test_compattr(self):
        # Testing computed attributes...
        class C(object):
            class computed_attribute(object):
                def __init__(self, get, set=None, delete=None):
                    self.__get = get
                    self.__set = set
                    self.__delete = delete
                def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
                    return self.__get(obj)
                def __set__(self, obj, value):
                    return self.__set(obj, value)
                def __delete__(self, obj):
                    return self.__delete(obj)
            def __init__(self):
                self.__x = 0
            def __get_x(self):
                x = self.__x
                self.__x = x+1
                return x
            def __set_x…