/ajax/libs//0.1.0/lodash.js

/*!
 * Lo-Dash v0.1.0 <https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash>
 * Copyright 2012 John-David Dalton <http://allyoucanleet.com/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.3.3, copyright 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
 * <http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore>
 * Available under MIT license <http://mths.be/mit>
 */
;(function(window, undefined) {
  'use strict';

  /** Used to escape and unescape characters in templates */
  var escapes = {
    '\\': '\\',
    "'": "'",
    'r': '\r',
    'n': '\n',
    't': '\t',
    'u2028': '\u2028',
    'u2029': '\u2029'
  };

  // assign the result as keys and the keys as values
  (function() {
    for (var prop in escapes) {
      escapes[escapes[prop]] = prop;
    }
  }());

  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
  var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports &&
    (typeof global == 'object' && global && global == global.global && (window = global), exports);

  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
  var idCounter = 0;

  /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
  var oldDash = window._;

  /** Used to replace unescape characters with their escaped counterpart */
  var reEscaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\t|\u2028|\u2029/g;

  /**
   * Used for `templateSettings` properties such as `escape`, `evaluate`,
   * or `interpolate` with explicitly assigned falsey values to ensure no match
   * is made.
   */
  var reNoMatch = /.^/;

  /** Used to replace escaped characters with their unescaped counterpart */
  var reUnescaper = /\\(\\|'|r|n|t|u2028|u2029)/g;

  /** Object#toString result shortcuts */
  var arrayClass = '[object Array]',
      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
      dateClass = '[object Date]',
      funcClass = '[object Function]',
      numberClass = '[object Number]',
      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
      stringClass = '[object String]';

  /** Native prototype shortcuts */
  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype,
      ObjProto = Object.prototype;

  /** Native method shortcuts */
  var concat = ArrayProto.concat,
      hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty,
      push = ArrayProto.push,
      slice = ArrayProto.slice,
      toString = ObjProto.toString,
      unshift = ArrayProto.unshift;

  /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
  var nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
      nativeIsFinite = window.isFinite,
      nativeKeys = Object.keys;

  /** Timer shortcuts */
  var clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
      setTimeout = window.setTimeout;

  /** Compilation options for `_.difference` */
  var differenceFactoryOptions = {
    'args': 'array',
    'top': 'var values=concat.apply([],slice.call(arguments,1))',
    'init': '[]',
    'inLoop': 'if(indexOf(values,array[index])<0)result.push(array[index])'
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.every` */
  var everyFactoryOptions = {
    'init': 'true',
    'inLoop': 'if(!callback(collection[index],index,collection))return !result'
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.extend` */
  var extendFactoryOptions = {
    'args': 'object',
    'init': 'object',
    'beforeLoop': 'for(var source,j=1,length=arguments.length;j<length;j++){\nsource=arguments[j]',
    'loopExp': 'index in source',
    'inLoop': 'object[index]=source[index]',
    'useHas': false,
    'afterLoop': '}'
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.filter` */
  var filterFactoryOptions = {
    'init': '[]',
    'inLoop': 'callback(collection[index],index,collection)&&result.push(collection[index])'
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.forEach` */
  var forEachFactoryOptions = {
    'args': 'collection,callback,thisArg',
    'top':
      'if(!callback){\ncallback=identity\n}\n' +
      'else if(thisArg){\ncallback=bind(callback,thisArg)\n}',
    'init': 'collection',
    'inLoop': 'callback(collection[index],index,collection)'
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.keys` */
  var keysFactoryOptions = {
    'args': 'object',
    'top': 'if(object!==Object(object))throw TypeError()',
    'init': '[]',
    'inLoop': 'result.push(index)'
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.map` */
  var mapFactoryOptions = {
    'init': '',
    'exits': '[]',
    'beforeLoop': {
      'array': 'result=Array(length)',
      'object': 'result=[]'
    },
    'inLoop': {
      'array': 'result[index]=callback(collection[index],index,collection)',
      'object': 'result[result.length]=callback(collection[index],index,collection)'
    }
  };

  /** Compilation options for `_.max` */
  var maxFactoryOptions = {
    'top':
      'var current,result=-Infinity,computed=result;\n' +
      'if(!callback){\n' +
        'if(isArray(collection)&&collection[0]===+collection[0])return Math.max.apply(Math,collection);\n' +
        'if(isEmpty(collection))return result;\n' +
      '}else if(thisArg)callback=bind(callback,thisArg)',
    'inLoop':
        'current=callback?callback(collection[index],index,collection):collection[index];\n' +
        'if(current>=computed)computed=current,result=collection[index]'
  };

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The `lodash` function.
   *
   * @name _
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `Lodash` instance.
   * @returns {Object} Returns a `Lodash` instance.
   */
  function lodash(value) {
    // allow invoking `lodash` without the `new` operator
    return new Lodash(value);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a `Lodash` instance that wraps a value to allow chaining.
   *
   * @private
   * @constructor
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
   */
  function Lodash(value) {
    this._wrapped = value;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Checks if a `value` is an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   */
  var isArray = nativeIsArray || function isArray(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == arrayClass;
  };

  /**
   * Checks if a `value` is empty. Arrays or strings with a length of 0 and
   * objects with no enumerable own properties are considered "empty".
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isEmpty({});
   * // => true
   */
  var isEmpty = iterationFactory({
    'args': 'value',
    'iterate': 'objects',
    'top': 'var className=toString.call(value)',
    'init': 'true',
    'beforeLoop': 'if(className==arrayClass||className==stringClass)return !value.length',
    'inLoop': 'return false'
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Compiles iteration functions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} [options1, options2, ..] The compile options objects.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled function.
   */
  function iterationFactory() {
    var prop,
        index = -1,
        array = {},
        object = {},
        options = {},
        props = ['beforeLoop', 'loopExp', 'inLoop', 'afterLoop'];

    // use simple loops to merge options because `extend` isn't defined yet
    while (++index < arguments.length) {
      for (prop in arguments[index]) {
        options[prop] = arguments[index][prop];
      }
    }
    // assign the `array` and `object` branch options
    while ((prop = props.pop())) {
      if (typeof options[prop] == 'object') {
        array[prop] = options[prop].array;
        object[prop] = options[prop].object;
      } else {
        array[prop] = object[prop] = options[prop] || '';
      }
    }

    var args = options.args,
        firstArg = /^[^,]+/.exec(args)[0],
        init = options.init,
        iterate = options.iterate,
        arrayBranch = !(args == 'object' || iterate == 'objects'),
        objectBranch = !(args == 'array' || iterate == 'arrays'),
        useHas = options.useHas !== false;

    // stings used to compile methods are minified during the build process
    return Function('arrayClass,bind,concat,funcClass,hasOwnProperty,identity,' +
                    'indexOf,Infinity,isArray,isEmpty,Math,slice,stringClass,' +
                    'toString,undefined',
      // compile the function in strict mode
      '"use strict";' +
      // compile the arguments the function accepts
      'return function(' + args + '){\n' +
        // add code to the top of the iteration method
        (options.top || '') + ';\n' +
        // assign the `result` variable an initial value
        ('var index, result' + (init ? '=' + init : '')) + ';\n' +
        // exit early if the first argument, e.g. `collection`, is nullish
        'if(' + firstArg + '==undefined)return ' + (options.exits || 'result') + ';\n' +
        // the following branch is for iterating arrays and array-like objects
        (arrayBranch
            // initialize `length` and `index` variables
          ? 'var length=' + firstArg + '.length;\nindex=-1;\n' +
            // check if the `collection` is array-like when there is an object iteration branch
            ((objectBranch ? 'if(length===+length){\n'  : '') +
            // add code before the while-loop
            (array.beforeLoop || '') + ';\n' +
            // add a custom loop expression
            'while(' + (array.loopExp || '++index<length') + '){\n' +
              // add code inside the while-loop
              array.inLoop +
            '\n}' +
            // add code after the while-loop
            (array.afterLoop || '') + ';\n' +
            // end the array-like if-statement
            (objectBranch ? '\n}\n' : ''))
          : ''
        ) +
        // the following branch is for iterating an object's own/inherited properties
        (objectBranch
            // begin the else-statement when there is an array-like iteration branch
          ? ((arrayBranch ? 'else{\n' : '') +
            // add code before the for-in loop
            (object.beforeLoop || '') + ';\n' +
            // add a custom loop expression
            'for(' + (object.loopExp || 'index in ' + firstArg) + '){\n' +
              // compile in `hasOwnProperty` checks when `options.useHas` is not `false`
              (useHas ? 'if(hasOwnProperty.call(' + /\S+$/.exec(object.loopExp || firstArg)[0] + ',index)){\n' : '') +
                // add code inside the for-in loop
                object.inLoop +
              (useHas ? '\n}' : '') +
            '\n}' +
            // add code after the for-in loop
            (object.afterLoop || '') + ';\n' +
            // end the object iteration else-statement
            (arrayBranch ? '\n}\n' : ''))
          : ''
        ) +
        // add code to the bottom of the iteration method
        (options.bottom || '') + ';\n' +
        // finally, return the `result`
        'return ' + (options.returns || 'result') +
      '\n}'
    )(arrayClass, bind, concat, funcClass, hasOwnProperty, identity,
      indexOf, Infinity, isArray, isEmpty, Math, slice, stringClass, toString);
  }

  /**
   * Unescapes characters, previously escaped for inclusion in compiled string
   * literals, so they may compiled into function bodies.
   * (Used for template interpolation, evaluation, or escaping)
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} string The string to unescape.
   * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped string.
   */
  function unescape(string) {
    return string.replace(reUnescaper, function(match, escaped) {
      return escapes[escaped];
    });
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Checks if a given `target` value is present in a `collection` using strict
   * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias include
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Mixed} target The value to check for.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `target` value is found, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 3);
   * // => true
   */
  var contains = iterationFactory({
    'args': 'collection,target',
    'init': 'false',
    'inLoop': 'if(collection[index]===target)return true'
  });

  /**
   * Checks if the `callback` returns truthy for **all** values of a `collection`.
   * The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments; for arrays they are
   * (value, index, array) and for objects they are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias all
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if all values pass the callback check, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
   * => false
   */
  var every = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, everyFactoryOptions);

  /**
   * Examines each value in a `collection`, returning an array of all values the
   * `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments;
   * for arrays they are (value, index, array) and for objects they are
   * (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias select
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of values that passed callback check.
   * @example
   *
   * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
   * // => [2, 4, 6]
   */
  var filter = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, filterFactoryOptions);

  /**
   * Examines each value in a `collection`, returning the first one the `callback`
   * returns truthy for. The function returns as soon as it finds an acceptable
   * value, and does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is
   * invoked with 3 arguments; for arrays they are (value, index, array) and for
   * objects they are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias detect
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the value that passed the callback check, else `undefined`.
   * @example
   *
   * var even = _.find([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
   * // => 2
   */
  var find = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, {
    'inLoop': 'if(callback(collection[index],index,collection))return collection[index]'
  });

  /**
   * Iterates over a `collection`, executing the `callback` for each value in the
   * `collection`. The `callback` is bound to the `thisArg` value, if one is passed.
   * The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments; for arrays they are
   * (value, index, array) and for objects they are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias each
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the `collection`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.forEach([1, 2, 3], function(num) { alert(num); });
   * // => alerts each number in turn...
   *
   * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}, function(num) { alert(num); });
   * // => alerts each number in turn...
   */
  var forEach = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions);

  /**
   * Splits a `collection` into sets, grouped by the result of running each value
   * through `callback`. The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments; for arrays
   * they are (value, index, array) and for objects they are (value, key, object).
   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to group by.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} callback The function called per iteration or
   *  property name to group by.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Object} Returns an object of grouped values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.groupBy([1.3, 2.1, 2.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
   * // => { '1': [1.3], '2': [2.1, 2.4] }
   *
   * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
   * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
   */
  function groupBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = {};
    if (!isFunction(callback)) {
      var prop = callback;
      callback = function(collection) { return collection[prop]; };
    }
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      var prop = callback(value, index, collection);
      (result[prop] || (result[prop] = [])).push(value);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Calls the method named by `methodName` for each value of the `collection`.
   * Additional arguments will be passed to each invoked method.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {String} methodName The name of the method to invoke.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of values returned from each invoked method.
   * @example
   *
   * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
   * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
   */
  function invoke(collection, methodName) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2),
        isFunc = isFunction(methodName);

    return map(collection, function(value) {
      return (isFunc ? methodName || value : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
    });
  }

  /**
   * Produces a new array of values by mapping each value in the `collection`
   * through a transformation `callback`. The `callback` is bound to the `thisArg`
   * value, if one is passed. The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments; for
   * arrays they are (value, index, array) and for objects they are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias collect
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of values returned by the callback.
   * @example
   *
   * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
   * // => [3, 6, 9]
   *
   * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
   * // => [3, 6, 9]
   */
  var map = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, mapFactoryOptions);

  /**
   * Retrieves the maximum value of a `collection`. If `callback` is passed,
   * it will be executed for each value in the `collection` to generate the
   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is invoked with 3
   * arguments; for arrays they are (value, index, array) and for objects they
   * are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the maximum value.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
   * // => { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 };
   */
  var max = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, maxFactoryOptions);

  /**
   * Retrieves the minimum value of a `collection`. If `callback` is passed,
   * it will be executed for each value in the `collection` to generate the
   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is invoked with 3
   * arguments; for arrays they are (value, index, array) and for objects they
   * are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the minimum value.
   * @example
   *
   * _.min([10, 5, 100, 2, 1000]);
   * // => 2
   */
  var min = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, maxFactoryOptions, {
    'top': maxFactoryOptions.top.replace('-', '').replace('max', 'min'),
    'inLoop': maxFactoryOptions.inLoop.replace('>=', '<')
  });

  /**
   * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all values in a `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
   * // => ['moe', 'larry', 'curly']
   */
  var pluck = iterationFactory(mapFactoryOptions, {
    'args': 'collection,property',
    'inLoop': {
      'array': 'result[index]=collection[index][property]',
      'object': 'result[result.length]=collection[index][property]'
    }
  });

  /**
   * Boils down a `collection` to a single value. The initial state of the
   * reduction is `accumulator` and each successive step of it should be returned
   * by the `callback`. The `callback` is bound to the `thisArg` value, if one is
   * passed. The `callback` is invoked with 4 arguments; for arrays they are
   * (accumulator, value, index, array) and for objects they are
   * (accumulator, value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias foldl, inject
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
   * @example
   *
   * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(memo, num) { return memo + num; });
   * // => 6
   */
  var reduce = iterationFactory({
    'args':
      'collection,callback,accumulator,thisArg',
    'top':
      'var initial=arguments.length>2;\n' +
      'if(thisArg)callback=bind(callback,thisArg)',
    'init':
      'accumulator',
    'beforeLoop': {
      'array': 'if(!initial)result=collection[++index]'
    },
    'inLoop': {
      'array':
        'result=callback(result,collection[index],index,collection)',
      'object':
        'result=initial\n' +
          '?callback(result,collection[index],index,collection)\n' +
          ':(initial=true,collection[index])'
    }
  });

  /**
   * The right-associative version of `_.reduce`. The `callback` is bound to the
   * `thisArg` value, if one is passed. The `callback` is invoked with 4 arguments;
   * for arrays they are (accumulator, value, index, array) and for objects they
   * are (accumulator, value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias foldr
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
   * @example
   *
   * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
   * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
   * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
   */
  function reduceRight(collection, callback, result, thisArg) {
    var initial = arguments.length > 2;
    if (collection == undefined) {
      return result;
    }
    if(thisArg) {
      callback = bind(callback, thisArg);
    }
    var length = collection.length;
    if (length === +length) {
      if (length && !initial) {
        result = collection[--length];
      }
      while (length--) {
        result = callback(result, collection[length], length, collection);
      }
      return result;
    }

    var prop,
        props = keys(collection);

    length = props.length;
    if (length && !initial) {
      result = collection[props[--length]];
    }
    while (length--) {
      prop = props[length];
      result = callback(result, collection[prop], prop, collection);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.filter`, this method returns the values of a `collection`
   * that `callback` does **not** return truthy for. The `callback` is invoked
   * with 3 arguments; for arrays they are (value, index, array) and for objects
   * they are (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of values that did **not** pass the callback check.
   * @example
   *
   * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
   * // => [1, 3, 5]
   */
  var reject = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, filterFactoryOptions, {
    'inLoop': '!' + filterFactoryOptions.inLoop
  });

  /**
   * Produces a new array of shuffled `collection` values, using a version of the
   * Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to shuffle.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
   * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
   */
  function shuffle(collection) {
    var rand,
        result = [];

    forEach(collection, function(value, index) {
      rand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (index + 1));
      result[index] = result[rand];
      result[rand] = value;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the number of values in the `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection inspect.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the number of values in the collection.
   * @example
   *
   * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
   * // => 3
   */
  function size(collection) {
    var className = toString.call(collection);
    return className == arrayClass || className == stringClass
      ? collection.length
      : keys(collection).length;
  }

  /**
   * Produces a new sorted array, ranked in ascending order by the results of
   * running each value of a `collection` through `callback`. The `callback` is
   * invoked with 3 arguments; for arrays they are (value, index, array) and for
   * objects they are (value, key, object). The `callback` argument may also be
   * the name of a property to sort by (e.g. 'length').
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} callback The function called per iteration or
   *  property name to sort by.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
   * // => [5, 4, 6, 3, 1, 2]
   */
  function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    if (!isFunction(callback)) {
      var prop = callback;
      callback = function(collection) { return collection[prop]; };
    } else if (thisArg) {
      callback = bind(callback, thisArg);
    }
    return pluck(map(collection, function(value, index) {
      return {
        'criteria': callback(value, index, collection),
        'value': value
      };
    }).sort(function(left, right) {
      var a = left.criteria,
          b = right.criteria;

      if (a === undefined) {
        return 1;
      }
      if (b === undefined) {
        return -1;
      }
      return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
    }), 'value');
  }

  /**
   * Checks if the `callback` returns truthy for **any** value of a `collection`.
   * The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and does not iterate
   * over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments; for
   * arrays they are (value, index, array) and for objects they are
   * (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias any
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if any value passes the callback check, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false]);
   * // => true
   */
  var some = iterationFactory(forEachFactoryOptions, everyFactoryOptions, {
    'init': 'false',
    'inLoop': everyFactoryOptions.inLoop.replace('!', '')
  });

  /**
   * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest  index at which the `value`
   * should be inserted into the `collection` in order to maintain the sort order
   * of the `collection`. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each
   * value in the `collection` to compute their sort ranking. The `callback` is
   * invoked with 1 argument.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to evaluate.
   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the index at which the value should be inserted
   *  into the collection.
   * @example
   *
   * _.sortedIndex([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 35);
   * // => 3
   */
  function sortedIndex(array, object, callback) {
    var low = 0,
        high = array.length;

    callback || (callback = identity);
    while (low < high) {
      var mid = (low + high) >> 1;
      callback(array[mid]) < callback(object) ? (low = mid + 1) : (high = mid);
    }
    return low;
  }

  /**
   * Converts the `collection`, into an array. Useful for converting the
   * `arguments` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
   * @example
   *
   * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
   * // => [2, 3, 4]
   */
  function toArray(collection) {
    if (!collection) {
      return [];
    }
    if (isFunction(collection.toArray)) {
      return collection.toArray();
    }
    var length = collection.length;
    if (length === +length) {
      return slice.call(collection);
    }
    return values(collection);
  }

  /**
   * Produces an array of enumerable own property values of the `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias methods
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  var values = iterationFactory(mapFactoryOptions, {
    'args': 'collection',
    'inLoop': {
      'array': 'result[index]=collection[index]',
      'object': 'result[result.length]=collection[index]'
    }
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Produces a new array with all falsey values of `array` removed. The values
   * `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`, `undefined` and `NaN` are all falsey.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  var compact = iterationFactory({
    'args': 'array',
    'init': '[]',
    'inLoop': 'if(array[index])result.push(array[index])'
  });

  /**
   * Produces a new array of `array` values not present in the other arrays
   * using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
   * @param {Mixed} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to check.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of `array` values not present in the
   *  other arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
   * // => [1, 3, 4]
   */
  var difference = iterationFactory(differenceFactoryOptions);

  /**
   * Gets the first value of the `array`. Pass `n` to return the first `n` values
   * of the `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias head, take
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the first value or an array of the first `n` values
   *  of the `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
   * // => 5
   */
  function first(array, n, guard) {
    return (n == undefined || guard) ? array[0] : slice.call(array, 0, n);
  }

  /**
   * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `shallow` is
   * truthy, `array` will only be flattened a single level.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
   * @param {Boolean} shallow A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
   *
   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
   */
  function flatten(array, shallow) {
    if (shallow) {
      return concat.apply([], array);
    }
    return reduce(array, function(accumulator, value) {
      if (isArray(value)) {
        push.apply(accumulator, flatten(value));
        return accumulator;
      }
      accumulator.push(value);
      return accumulator;
    }, []);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already
   * sorted, passing `true` for `isSorted` will run a faster binary search.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
   * @param {Boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that the `array` is already sorted.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3], 2);
   * // => 1
   */
  function indexOf(array, value, isSorted) {
    var index, length;
    if (array == undefined) {
      return -1;
    }
    if (isSorted) {
      index = sortedIndex(array, value);
      return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
    }
    for (index = 0, length = array.length; index < length; index++) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Gets all but the last value of the `array`. Pass `n` to exclude the last `n`
   * values from the result.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the last value or `n` values of the `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.initial([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
   * // => [5, 4, 3, 2]
   */
  function initial(array, n, guard) {
    return slice.call(array, 0, -((n == undefined || guard) ? 1 : n));
  }

  /**
   * Computes the intersection of all the passed-in arrays.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias intersect
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Mixed} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are
   *  present in **all** of the arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
   * // => [1, 2]
   */
  function intersection(array) {
    var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
    return filter(uniq(array), function(value) {
      return every(rest, function(other) {
        return indexOf(other, value) >= 0;
      });
    });
  }

  /**
   * Gets the last value of the `array`. Pass `n` to return the lasy `n` values
   * of the `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the last value or `n` values of the `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.last([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
   * // => 1
   */
  function last(array, n, guard) {
    var length = array.length;
    return (n == undefined || guard) ? array[length - 1] : slice.call(array, -n || length);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using
   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
   * // => 4
   */
  function lastIndexOf(array, value) {
    if (array == undefined) {
      return -1;
    }
    var index = array.length;
    while (index--) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
   * `start` up to but not including `stop`. This method is a port of Python's
   * `range()` function. See http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Number} [start=0] The start of the range.
   * @param {Number} end The end of the range.
   * @param {Number} [step=1] The value to increment or descrement by.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.range(10);
   * // => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
   *
   * _.range(1, 11);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
   *
   * _.range(0, 30, 5);
   * // => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
   *
   * _.range(0, -10, -1);
   * // => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
   *
   * _.range(0);
   * // => []
   */
  function range(start, end, step) {
    step || (step = 1);
    if (arguments.length < 2) {
      end = start || 0;
      start = 0;
    }

    var index = -1,
        length = Math.max(Math.ceil((end - start) / step), 0),
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = start;
      start += step;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.initial`, this method gets all but the first value of
   * the `array`. Pass `n` to exclude the first `n` values from the result.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias tail
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the first value or `n` values of the `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.rest([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
   * // => [4, 3, 2, 1]
   */
  function rest(array, n, guard) {
    return slice.call(array, (n == undefined || guard) ? 1 : n);
  }

  /**
   * Computes the union of the passed-in arrays.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Mixed} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are
   *  present in one or more of the arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
   */
  function union() {
    return uniq(flatten(arguments, true));
  }

  /**
   * Produces a duplicate-value-free version of the `array` using strict equality
   * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already sorted, passing `true`
   * for `isSorted` will run a faster algorithm. If `callback` is passed,
   * each value of `array` is passed through a transformation `callback` before
   * uniqueness is computed. The `callback` is invoked with 3 arguments;
   * (value, index, array).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias unique
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
   * @param {Boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that the `array` is already sorted.
   * @param {Function} [callback] A
   * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
   */
  function uniq(array, isSorted, callback) {
    var initial = callback ? map(array, callback) : array,
        result = [];

    // the `isSorted` flag is irrelevant if the array only contains two elements.
    if (array.length < 3) {
      isSorted = true;
    }
    reduce(initial, function(accumulator, value, index) {
      if (isSorted ? last(accumulator) !== value || !accumulator.length : indexOf(accumulator, value) < 0) {
        accumulator.push(value);
        result.push(array[index]);
      }
      return accumulator;
    }, []);

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Produces a new array with all occurrences of the values removed using strict
   * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
   * @param {Mixed} [value1, value2, ...] Values to remove.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
   * // => [2, 3, 4]
   */
  var without = iterationFactory(differenceFactoryOptions, {
    'top': 'var values=slice.call(arguments,1)',
    'init': '[]'
  });

  /**
   * Merges together the values of each of the arrays with the value at the
   * corresponding position. Useful for separate data sources that are coordinated
   * through matching array indexes. For a matrix of nested arrays, `_.zip.apply(...)`
   * can transpose the matrix in a similar fashion.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Mixed} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of merged arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.zip(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50], [true, false, false]);
   * // => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false], ['curly', 50, false]]
   */
  function zip() {
    var index = -1,
        length = max(pluck(arguments, 'length')),
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = pluck(arguments, index);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a new function that is restricted to executing only after it is
   * called a given number of `times`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Number} times The number of times the function must be called before
   * it is executed.
   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
   * @example
   *
   * var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render);
   * _.forEach(notes, function(note) {
   *   note.asyncSave({ 'success': renderNotes });
   * });
   * // renderNotes is run once, after all notes have saved.
   */
  function after(times, func) {
    if (times < 1) {
      return func();
    }
    return function() {
      if (--times < 1) {
        return func.apply(this, arguments);
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
   * binding of `thisArg` and prepends additional arguments to those passed to
   * the bound function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
   * @param @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to prepend to those passed to the bound function.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   * @example
   *
   * var func = function(greeting) { return greeting + ': ' + this.name; };
   * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
   * func();
   * // => 'hi: moe'
   */
  function bind(func, thisArg) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2),
        argsLength = args.length;

    return function() {
      args.length = argsLength;
      push.apply(args, arguments);
      return func.apply(thisArg, args);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Binds methods on the `object` to the object, overwriting the non-bound method.
   * If no method names are provided, all the function properties of the `object`
   * will be bound.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
   * @param {Mixed} [methodName1, methodName2, ...] Method names on the object to bind.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * var buttonView = {
   *  'label': 'lodash',
   *  'onClick': function() { alert('clicked: ' + this.label); },
   *  'onHover': function() { console.log('hovering: ' + this.label); }
   * };
   *
   * _.bindAll(buttonView);
   * jQuery('#lodash_button').on('click', buttonView.onClick);
   * // => When the button is clicked, `this.label` will have the correct value
   */
  function bindAll(object) {
    var funcs = arguments,
        index = 1;

    if (funcs.length == 1) {
      index = 0;
      funcs = functions(object);
    }
    for (var length = funcs.length; index < length; index++) {
      object[funcs[index]] = bind(object[funcs[index]], object);
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new function that is the composition of the passed functions,
   * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
   * In math terms, composing thefunctions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Mixed} [func1, func2, ...] Functions to compose.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
   * @example
   *
   * var greet = function(name) { return 'hi: ' + name; };
   * var exclaim = function(statement) { return statement + '!'; };
   * var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
   * welcome('moe');
   * // => 'hi: moe!'
   */
  function compose() {
    var funcs = arguments;
    return function() {
      var args = arguments,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (length--) {
        args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
      }
      return args[0];
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new function that will postpone its execution until after `wait`
   * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked. Pass `true`
   * for `immediate` to cause debounce to invoke the function on the leading,
   * instead of the trailing, edge of the `wait` timeout.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to postone.
   * @param {Boolean} immediate A flag to indicate execution is on the leading
   *  edge of the timeout.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
   * @example
   *
   * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 300);
   * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
   */
  function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
    var timeout;
    return function() {
      var args = arguments,
          thisArg = this;

      if (immediate && !timeout) {
        func.apply(thisArg, args);
      }
      clearTimeout(timeout);
      timeout = setTimeout(function() {
        timeout = undefined;
        if (!immediate) {
          func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
      }, wait);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Invokes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
   * are passed `func` when it is invoked.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
   * @returns {Number}