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  48. 				<span dir="auto"><span style="display:block;text-align:center;font-size:300%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;">More C++ Idioms</span></span>
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  67. 				<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Preface&amp;action=edit&amp;section=T-1" title="More C++ Idioms/Preface">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Preface">Preface</span></h2>
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  69. <tr>
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  70. <td><a href="/wiki/File:More_CPP_Idioms.jpg" class="image" title="More C++ Idioms"><img alt="More C++ Idioms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/en/thumb/9/9c/More_CPP_Idioms.jpg/190px-More_CPP_Idioms.jpg" width="190" height="273" /></a></td>
    71. 

  71. <td><b>C++ has indeed become too "expert friendly"</b> -- Bjarne Stroustrup, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/17831"><i>The Problem with Programming</i></a>, Technology Review, Nov 2006.
    72. 

  72. <p>Stroustrup's saying is true because experts are intimately familiar with the idioms in the language. With the increase in the idioms a programmer understands, the language becomes friendlier to him or her. The objective of this open content book is to present modern C++ idioms to programmers who have moderate level of familiarity with C++, and help elevate their knowledge so that C++ feels much friendlier to them. It is designed to be an exhaustive catalog of reusable idioms that expert C++ programmers often use while programming or designing using C++. This is an effort to capture their techniques and vocabulary into a single work. This book describes the idioms in a regular format: <i>Name-Intent-Motivation-Solution-References</i>, which is succinct and helps speed learning. By their nature, idioms tend to have appeared in the C++ community and in published work many times. An effort has been made to refer to the original source(s) where possible; if you find a reference incomplete or incorrect, please feel free to suggest or make improvements.</p>
    73. 

  73. <p>The world is invited to catalog reusable pieces of C++ knowledge (similar to the book on design patterns by GoF). The goal here is to first build an exhaustive catalog of modern C++ idioms and later evolve it into an idiom language, just like a pattern language. Finally, the contents of this book can be redistributed under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/GNUFDL" title="More C++ Idioms/GNUFDL">GNU Free Documentation License</a>.</p>
    74. 

  74. <p><b>Aimed toward:</b> Anyone with an intermediate level of knowledge in C++ and supported language paradigms</p>
    75. 

  75. </td>
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    78. 

  78. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: More Information">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="More_Information">More Information</span></h2>
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    82. 

  82. <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;">
    83. 

  83. <p>A <i><b><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Print_Version" title="More C++ Idioms/Print Version">printable version</a></b></i> of More C++ Idioms is available. <small>(<a class="external text" href="//en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Print_Version&amp;action=edit">edit it</a>)</small></p>
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  84. </td>
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    90. 

  90. <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;">
    91. 

  91. <p>This book is intended for <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_Levels" title="Wikibooks:Reading Levels">advanced</a></b> readers.</p>
    92. 

  92. </td>
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    98. 

  98. <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;">
    99. 

  99. <p>This book requires <b><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++" class="mw-redirect">C++</a></b> as a corequisite.</p>
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  103. <p><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Authors" title="More C++ Idioms/Authors">Authors</a> | <a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Praise" title="More C++ Idioms/Praise">Praise</a> | <a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Guidelines" title="More C++ Idioms/Guidelines">Guidelines for Authors</a> | <a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/GNUFDL" title="More C++ Idioms/GNUFDL">GNU Free Documentation License</a><br /></p>
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  108. <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/MoreCppIdiomsWikibook">More C++ Idioms Recent Changes RSS 2.0</a></p>
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  129. <p><br />
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  131. <br /></p>
    132. 

  132. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Contents&amp;action=edit&amp;section=T-1" title="More C++ Idioms/Contents">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</span></h2>
    133. 

  133. <p><i>Note: synonyms for each idiom are listed in parentheses.</i></p>
    134. 

  134. <ol>
    135. 

  135. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Adapter_Template&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Adapter Template (does not exist)">Adapter Template</a></li>
    136. 

  136. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Address_Of" title="More C++ Idioms/Address Of">Address Of</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    137. 

  137. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Algebraic_Hierarchy" title="More C++ Idioms/Algebraic Hierarchy">Algebraic Hierarchy</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 12 June 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 12 June 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    138. 

  138. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Attach_by_Initialization" title="More C++ Idioms/Attach by Initialization">Attach by Initialization</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 22 Oct 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 22 Oct 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    139. 

  139. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Friendship_and_the_Attorney-Client" title="More C++ Idioms/Friendship and the Attorney-Client">Attorney-Client</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    140. 

  140. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Barton-Nackman_trick" title="More C++ Idioms/Barton-Nackman trick">Barton-Nackman trick</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 21 Feb 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 21 Feb 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    141. 

  141. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Base-from-Member" title="More C++ Idioms/Base-from-Member">Base-from-Member</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    142. 

  142. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Boost_mutant" title="More C++ Idioms/Boost mutant">Boost mutant</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    143. 

  143. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Calling_Virtuals_During_Initialization" title="More C++ Idioms/Calling Virtuals During Initialization">Calling Virtuals During Initialization</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    144. 

  144. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Capability_Query" title="More C++ Idioms/Capability Query">Capability Query</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 21 Feb 2011"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 21 Feb 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    145. 

  145. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Checked_delete" title="More C++ Idioms/Checked delete">Checked delete</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 15 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 15 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    146. 

  146. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Clear-and-minimize" title="More C++ Idioms/Clear-and-minimize">Clear-and-minimize</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 10 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 10 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    147. 

  147. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Coercion_by_Member_Template" title="More C++ Idioms/Coercion by Member Template">Coercion by Member Template</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 14 August 2007"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 14 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    148. 

  148. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Compile_Time_Control_Structures" title="More C++ Idioms/Compile Time Control Structures">Compile Time Control Structures</a></li>
    149. 

  149. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Computational_Constructor" title="More C++ Idioms/Computational Constructor">Computational Constructor</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    150. 

  150. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Concrete_Data_Type" title="More C++ Idioms/Concrete Data Type">Concrete Data Type</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 17 March 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 17 March 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    151. 

  151. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Const_auto_ptr" title="More C++ Idioms/Const auto ptr">Const auto_ptr</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 15 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 15 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    152. 

  152. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Construct_On_First_Use" title="More C++ Idioms/Construct On First Use">Construct On First Use</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    153. 

  153. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Construction_Tracker" title="More C++ Idioms/Construction Tracker">Construction Tracker</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    154. 

  154. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Copy-and-swap" title="More C++ Idioms/Copy-and-swap">Copy-and-swap</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 10 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 10 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    155. 

  155. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Copy-on-write" title="More C++ Idioms/Copy-on-write">Copy-on-write</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 20 May 2009"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 20 May 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    156. 

  156. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Counted_Body" title="More C++ Idioms/Counted Body">Counted Body (intrusive reference counting)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 16 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 16 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    157. 

  157. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Curiously_Recurring_Template_Pattern" title="More C++ Idioms/Curiously Recurring Template Pattern">Curiously Recurring Template Pattern</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    158. 

  158. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Detached_Counted_Body&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Detached Counted Body (does not exist)">Detached Counted Body (non-intrusive reference counting)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 2nd March 2011"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 2nd March 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    159. 

  159. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Empty_Base_Optimization" title="More C++ Idioms/Empty Base Optimization">Empty Base Optimization</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 Oct 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    160. 

  160. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Emulated_Exception&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Emulated Exception (does not exist)">Emulated Exception</a></li>
    161. 

  161. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/enable-if" title="More C++ Idioms/enable-if">enable-if</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 21 Feb 2011"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 21 Feb 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    162. 

  162. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Envelope_Letter" title="More C++ Idioms/Envelope Letter">Envelope Letter</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 1 February 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 1 February 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    163. 

  163. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Erase-Remove" title="More C++ Idioms/Erase-Remove">Erase-Remove</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 17 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 17 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    164. 

  164. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Examplar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Examplar (does not exist)">Examplar</a></li>
    165. 

  165. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Execute-Around_Pointer" title="More C++ Idioms/Execute-Around Pointer">Execute-Around Pointer</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    166. 

  166. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Export_Guard_Macro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Export Guard Macro (does not exist)">Export Guard Macro</a></li>
    167. 

  167. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Expression-template" title="More C++ Idioms/Expression-template">Expression-template</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    168. 

  168. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Fake_Vtable" title="More C++ Idioms/Fake Vtable">Fake Vtable</a></li>
    169. 

  169. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Fast_Pimpl" title="More C++ Idioms/Fast Pimpl">Fast Pimpl</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    170. 

  170. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Final_Class" title="More C++ Idioms/Final Class">Final Class</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 10 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 10 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    171. 

  171. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Free_Function_Allocators" title="More C++ Idioms/Free Function Allocators">Free Function Allocators</a></li>
    172. 

  172. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Function_Object&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Function Object (does not exist)">Function Object</a></li>
    173. 

  173. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Generic_Container_Idioms" title="More C++ Idioms/Generic Container Idioms">Generic Container Idioms</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 22 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 22 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    174. 

  174. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Hierarchy_Generation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Hierarchy Generation (does not exist)">Hierarchy Generation</a></li>
    175. 

  175. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Include_Guard_Macro" title="More C++ Idioms/Include Guard Macro">Include Guard Macro</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    176. 

  176. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Inline_Guard_Macro" title="More C++ Idioms/Inline Guard Macro">Inline Guard Macro</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    177. 

  177. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Inner_Class" title="More C++ Idioms/Inner Class">Inner Class</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 31 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 31 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    178. 

  178. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Int-To-Type" title="More C++ Idioms/Int-To-Type">Int-To-Type</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 21 September 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 21 September 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    179. 

  179. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Interface_Class" title="More C++ Idioms/Interface Class">Interface Class</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 January 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 January 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    180. 

  180. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Iterator_Pair" title="More C++ Idioms/Iterator Pair">Iterator Pair</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 28 October 2007"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 28 October 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    181. 

  181. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Making_New_Friends" title="More C++ Idioms/Making New Friends">Making New Friends</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 5 January 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 5 January 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    182. 

  182. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Metafunction" title="More C++ Idioms/Metafunction">Metafunction</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 15 September 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 15 September 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    183. 

  183. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Move_Constructor" title="More C++ Idioms/Move Constructor">Move Constructor</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 13 August 2007"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 13 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    184. 

  184. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Multi-statement_Macro" title="More C++ Idioms/Multi-statement Macro">Multi-statement Macro</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 16 February 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 16 February 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    185. 

  185. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Member_Detector" title="More C++ Idioms/Member Detector">Member Detector</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 10 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 10 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    186. 

  186. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Named_Constructor" title="More C++ Idioms/Named Constructor">Named Constructor</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 28 September 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 28 September 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    187. 

  187. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Named_External_Argument&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Named External Argument (does not exist)">Named External Argument</a></li>
    188. 

  188. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Named_Loop" title="More C++ Idioms/Named Loop">Named Loop (labeled loop)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    189. 

  189. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Named_Parameter" title="More C++ Idioms/Named Parameter">Named Parameter</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 11 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 11 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    190. 

  190. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Named_Template_Parameters&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Named Template Parameters (does not exist)">Named Template Parameters</a></li>
    191. 

  191. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Nifty_Counter" title="More C++ Idioms/Nifty Counter">Nifty Counter (Schwarz Counter)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    192. 

  192. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Non-copyable_Mixin" title="More C++ Idioms/Non-copyable Mixin">Non-copyable Mixin</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    193. 

  193. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Non-member_get&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Non-member get (does not exist)">Non-member get</a></li>
    194. 

  194. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Non-member_Non-friend_Function&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Non-member Non-friend Function (does not exist)">Non-member Non-friend Function</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 10 March 2008"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 10 March 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    195. 

  195. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Non-throwing_swap" title="More C++ Idioms/Non-throwing swap">Non-throwing swap</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 January 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 January 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    196. 

  196. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Non-Virtual_Interface" title="More C++ Idioms/Non-Virtual Interface">Non-Virtual Interface (Public Overloaded Non-Virtuals Call Protected Non-Overloaded Virtuals)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 12 June 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 12 June 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    197. 

  197. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/nullptr" title="More C++ Idioms/nullptr">nullptr</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    198. 

  198. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Object_Generator" title="More C++ Idioms/Object Generator">Object Generator</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 14 September 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 14 September 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    199. 

  199. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Object_Template" title="More C++ Idioms/Object Template">Object Template</a></li>
    200. 

  200. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Overload_Set_Creation" title="More C++ Idioms/Overload Set Creation">Overload Set Creation</a></li>
    201. 

  201. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Parameterized_Base_Class" title="More C++ Idioms/Parameterized Base Class">Parameterized Base Class (Parameterized Inheritance)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    202. 

  202. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Handle_Body&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Handle Body (does not exist)">Pimpl (Handle Body, Compilation Firewall, Cheshire Cat)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 2nd March 2011"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 2nd March 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    203. 

  203. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Policy_Clone" title="More C++ Idioms/Policy Clone">Policy Clone (Metafunction wrapper)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 14 August 2007"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 14 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    204. 

  204. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Policy-based_Design&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Policy-based Design (does not exist)">Policy-based Design</a></li>
    205. 

  205. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Polymorphic_Exception" title="More C++ Idioms/Polymorphic Exception">Polymorphic Exception</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 28 September 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 28 September 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    206. 

  206. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Recursive_Type_Composition" title="More C++ Idioms/Recursive Type Composition">Recursive Type Composition</a></li>
    207. 

  207. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Requiring_or_Prohibiting_Heap-based_Objects" title="More C++ Idioms/Requiring or Prohibiting Heap-based Objects">Requiring or Prohibiting Heap-based Objects</a></li>
    208. 

  208. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Resource_Acquisition_Is_Initialization" title="More C++ Idioms/Resource Acquisition Is Initialization">Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII, Execute-Around Object, Scoped Locking)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 6 November 2007"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 6 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    209. 

  209. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Resource_Return" title="More C++ Idioms/Resource Return">Resource Return</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 3 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    210. 

  210. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Return_Type_Resolver" title="More C++ Idioms/Return Type Resolver">Return Type Resolver</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 10 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 10 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    211. 

  211. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Runtime_Static_Initialization_Order_Idioms" title="More C++ Idioms/Runtime Static Initialization Order Idioms">Runtime Static Initialization Order Idioms</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    212. 

  212. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Safe_bool" title="More C++ Idioms/Safe bool">Safe bool</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    213. 

  213. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Scope_Guard" title="More C++ Idioms/Scope Guard">Scope Guard</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed&#160; as of 14 August 2007"><img alt="100% developed&#160; as of 14 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/100%25.svg/9px-100%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    214. 

  214. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/SFINAE" title="More C++ Idioms/SFINAE">Substitution Failure Is Not An Error (SFINAE)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    215. 

  215. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Shortening_Long_Template_Names&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Shortening Long Template Names (does not exist)">Shortening Long Template Names</a></li>
    216. 

  216. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Shrink-to-fit" title="More C++ Idioms/Shrink-to-fit">Shrink-to-fit</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 10 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 10 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    217. 

  217. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Small_Object_Optimization" title="More C++ Idioms/Small Object Optimization">Small Object Optimization</a></li>
    218. 

  218. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Smart_Pointer" title="More C++ Idioms/Smart Pointer">Smart Pointer</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 17 November 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 17 November 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    219. 

  219. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Storage_Class_Tracker" title="More C++ Idioms/Storage Class Tracker">Storage Class Tracker</a></li>
    220. 

  220. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Tag_Dispatching" title="More C++ Idioms/Tag Dispatching">Tag Dispatching</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 21 October 2007"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 21 October 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    221. 

  221. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Temporary_Base_Class" title="More C++ Idioms/Temporary Base Class">Temporary Base Class</a></li>
    222. 

  222. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Temporary_Proxy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Temporary Proxy (does not exist)">Temporary Proxy</a></li>
    223. 

  223. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/The_result_of_technique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/The result of technique (does not exist)">The result_of technique</a></li>
    224. 

  224. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Thin_Template" title="More C++ Idioms/Thin Template">Thin Template</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 6 August 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    225. 

  225. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Traits" title="More C++ Idioms/Traits">Traits</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed&#160; as of 21 October 2007"><img alt="0% developed&#160; as of 21 October 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/00%25.svg/9px-00%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    226. 

  226. <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Type_Erasure&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="More C++ Idioms/Type Erasure (does not exist)">Type Erasure</a></li>
    227. 

  227. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Type_Generator" title="More C++ Idioms/Type Generator">Type Generator (Templated Typedef)</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 14 September 2008"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 14 September 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    228. 

  228. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Type_Safe_Enum" title="More C++ Idioms/Type Safe Enum">Type Safe Enum</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 11 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 11 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    229. 

  229. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Type_Selection" title="More C++ Idioms/Type Selection">Type Selection</a> <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed&#160; as of 9 May 2010"><img alt="75% developed&#160; as of 9 May 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/75%25.svg/9px-75%25.svg.png" width="9" height="9" /></a></span></li>
    230. 

  230. <li><a href="/wiki/More_C%2B%2B_Idioms/Virtual_Constructor" title="More C++ Idioms/Virtual Constructor">Virtual Constructor</a> <
    231.