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    15. 

  15.         <h1>Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook</h1>
    16. 

  16.         <a href="mailto:swift@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Sven Vermeulen</b></a>
    17. 

  17.          <i>Author</i><br>
    18. 

  18.         <a href="mailto:g2boojum@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Grant Goodyear</b></a>
    19. 

  19.          <i>Author</i><br>
    20. 

  20.         <a href="mailto:uberlord@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Roy Marples</b></a>
    21. 

  21.          <i>Author</i><br>
    22. 

  22.         <a href="mailto:drobbins.daniel@gmail.com" class="altlink"><b>Daniel Robbins</b></a>
    23. 

  23.          <i>Author</i><br>
    24. 

  24. 

  25. 

  26.         <a href="mailto:chouser@bluweb.com" class="altlink"><b>Chris Houser</b></a>
    27. 

  27.          <i>Author</i><br>
    28. 

  28.         <a href="mailto:jalexand@wlgore.com" class="altlink"><b>Jerry Alexandratos</b></a>
    29. 

  29.          <i>Author</i><br>
    30. 

  30.         <a href="mailto:seemant@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Seemant Kulleen</b></a>
    31. 

  31.          <i>Gentoo x86 Developer</i><br>
    32. 

  32.         <a href="mailto:taviso@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Tavis Ormandy</b></a>
    33. 

  33.          <i>Gentoo Alpha Developer</i><br>
    34. 

  34.         Jason Huebel
    35. 

  35.          <i>Gentoo AMD64 Developer</i><br>
    36. 

  36.         <a href="mailto:gmsoft@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Guy Martin</b></a>
    37. 

  37.          <i>Gentoo HPPA developer</i><br>
    38. 

  38.         <a href="mailto:pvdabeel@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Pieter Van den Abeele</b></a>
    39. 

  39.          <i>Gentoo PPC developer</i><br>
    40. 

  40. 

  41. 

  42. 

  43.         <a href="mailto:jkallar@yahoo.com" class="altlink"><b>Joe Kallar</b></a>
    44. 

  44.          <i>Gentoo SPARC developer</i><br>
    45. 

  45.         <a href="mailto:john_davis@pauldavisautomation.com" class="altlink"><b>John P. Davis</b></a>
    46. 

  46.          <i>Editor</i><br>Pierre-Henri Jondot <i>Editor</i><br>
    47. 

  47.         <a href="mailto:stocke2@gmail.com" class="altlink"><b>Eric Stockbridge</b></a>
    48. 

  48.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    49. 

  49.         <a href="mailto:rajiv@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Rajiv Manglani</b></a>
    50. 

  50.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    51. 

  51.         <a href="mailto:seo@gentoo.or.kr" class="altlink"><b>Jungmin Seo</b></a>
    52. 

  52.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    53. 

  53.         <a href="mailto:zhware@hotpop.com" class="altlink"><b>Stoyan Zhekov</b></a>
    54. 

  54.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    55. 

  55.         Jared Hudson
    56. 

  56.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    57. 

  57.         <a href="mailto:peitolm@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Colin Morey</b></a>
    58. 

  58.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    59. 

  59.         Jorge Paulo
    60. 

  60.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    61. 

  61.         <a href="mailto:canderson@wayne.edu" class="altlink"><b>Carl Anderson</b></a>
    62. 

  62.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    63. 

  63.         <a href="mailto:avenj@tellink.net" class="altlink"><b>Jon Portnoy</b></a>
    64. 

  64.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    65. 

  65.         Zack Gilburd
    66. 

  66.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    67. 

  67.         <a href="mailto:jack@bonyari.com" class="altlink"><b>Jack Morgan</b></a>
    68. 

  68.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    69. 

  69.         <a href="mailto:benny@coolbee.net" class="altlink"><b>Benny Chuang</b></a>
    70. 

  70.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    71. 

  71.         <a href="mailto:erw1n@pmail.ntu.edu.sg" class="altlink"><b>Erwin</b></a>
    72. 

  72.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    73. 

  73.         <a href="mailto:kumba@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Joshua Kinard</b></a>
    74. 

  74.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    75. 

  75.         <a href="mailto:dertobi123@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Tobias Scherbaum</b></a>
    76. 

  76.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    77. 

  77.         <a href="mailto:neysx@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Xavier Neys</b></a>
    78. 

  78.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    79. 

  79.         <a href="mailto:nightmorph@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Joshua Saddler</b></a>
    80. 

  80.          <i>Editor</i><br>
    81. 

  81.         Gerald J. Normandin Jr.
    82. 

  82.          <i>Reviewer</i><br>
    83. 

  83.         <a href="mailto:dberkholz@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Donnie Berkholz</b></a>
    84. 

  84.          <i>Reviewer</i><br>
    85. 

  85.         <a href="mailto:drake_stuff@yahoo.com" class="altlink"><b>Ken Nowack</b></a>
    86. 

  86.          <i>Reviewer</i><br>
    87. 

  87.         <a href="mailto:pylon@gentoo.org" class="altlink"><b>Lars Weiler</b></a>
    88. 

  88.          <i>Contributor</i><br><br><i>Updated November 27, 2007</i><p>Content:</p>
    89. 

  89.         <ul>
    90. 

  90.             <li>
    91. 

  91.                 <b><a href="#book_part1">Installing Gentoo</a></b><br>
    92. 

  92.                 In this part you learn how to install Gentoo on your system.
    93. 

  93.                 <ol>
    94. 

  94.                     <li>
    95. 

  95.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap1">About the Gentoo Linux Installation</a></b><br>
    96. 

  96.                         This chapter introduces you to the installation approach documented in this
    97. 

  97.                         handbook.
    98. 

  98.                     </li>
    99. 

  99.                     <li>
    100. 

  100.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap2">Choosing the Right Installation Medium</a></b><br>
    101. 

  101.                         You can install Gentoo in many ways. This chapter explains how to install
    102. 

  102.                         Gentoo using the minimal Installation CD although installation through the
    103. 

  103.                         Installer LiveCD is possible as well.
    104. 

  104.                     </li>
    105. 

  105.                     <li>
    106. 

  106.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap3">Configuring your Network</a></b><br>
    107. 

  107.                         To be able to download the latest source code, you will need to setup
    108. 

  108.                         networking.
    109. 

  109.                     </li>
    110. 

  110.                     <li>
    111. 

  111.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap4">Preparing the Disks</a></b><br>
    112. 

  112.                         To be able to install Gentoo, you must create the necessary partitions.
    113. 

  113.                         This chapter describes how to partition a disk for future usage.
    114. 

  114.                     </li>
    115. 

  115.                     <li>
    116. 

  116.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap5">Installing the Gentoo Installation Files</a></b><br>
    117. 

  117.                         Gentoo installs work through a stage3 archive. In this chapter we
    118. 

  118.                         describe how you extract the stage3 archive and configure Portage.
    119. 

  119.                     </li>
    120. 

  120.                     <li>
    121. 

  121.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap6">Installing the Gentoo Base System</a></b><br>
    122. 

  122.                         After installing and configuring a stage3, the eventual result is that you
    123. 

  123.                         have a Gentoo base system at your disposal. This chapter describes how
    124. 

  124.                         to progress to that state.
    125. 

  125.                     </li>
    126. 

  126.                     <li>
    127. 

  127.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap7">Configuring the Kernel</a></b><br>
    128. 

  128.                         The Linux kernel is the core of every distribution. This chapter
    129. 

  129.                         explains how to configure your kernel.
    130. 

  130.                     </li>
    131. 

  131.                     <li>
    132. 

  132.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap8">Configuring your System</a></b><br>
    133. 

  133.                         You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter
    134. 

  134.                         you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to
    135. 

  135.                         proceed.
    136. 

  136.                     </li>
    137. 

  137.                     <li>
    138. 

  138.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap9">Installing Necessary System Tools</a></b><br>
    139. 

  139.                         In this chapter we help you choose and install some important tools.
    140. 

  140.                     </li>
    141. 

  141.                     <li>
    142. 

  142.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap10">Configuring the Bootloader</a></b><br>
    143. 

  143.                         Several bootloaders exist for the x86 architecture. Each one of them has its
    144. 

  144.                         own way of configuration. We step you through the process of configuring a
    145. 

  145.                         bootloader to your needs.
    146. 

  146.                     </li>
    147. 

  147.                     <li>
    148. 

  148.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap11">Finalizing your Gentoo Installation</a></b><br>
    149. 

  149.                         You're almost done. We'll just create one (or more) users for your
    150. 

  150.                         system.
    151. 

  151.                     </li>
    152. 

  152.                     <li>
    153. 

  153.                         <b><a href="#book_part1_chap12">Where to go from here?</a></b><br>
    154. 

  154.                         Now you have your Gentoo system, but what's next?
    155. 

  155.                     </li>
    156. 

  156.                 </ol>
    157. 

  157.             </li>
    158. 

  158.             <li>
    159. 

  159.                 <b><a href="#book_part2">Working with Gentoo</a></b><br>
    160. 

  160.                 Learn how to work with Gentoo: installing software, altering variables, changing
    161. 

  161.                 Portage behaviour etc.
    162. 

  162.                 <ol>
    163. 

  163.                     <li>
    164. 

  164.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap1">A Portage Introduction</a></b><br>
    165. 

  165.                         This chapter explains the "simple" steps a user definitely needs to know to
    166. 

  166.                         maintain the software on his system.
    167. 

  167.                     </li>
    168. 

  168.                     <li>
    169. 

  169.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap2">USE flags</a></b><br>
    170. 

  170.                         USE flags are a very important aspect of Gentoo. In this chapter, you learn to
    171. 

  171.                         work with USE flags and understand how USE flags interact with your system.
    172. 

  172.                     </li>
    173. 

  173.                     <li>
    174. 

  174.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap2">USE flags</a></b><br>
    175. 

  175.                         USE flags are a very important aspect of Gentoo. In this chapter, you learn to
    176. 

  176.                         work with USE flags and understand how USE flags interact with your system.
    177. 

  177.                     </li>
    178. 

  178.                      <li>
    179. 

  179.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap2">USE flags</a></b><br>
    180. 

  180.                         USE flags are a very important aspect of Gentoo. In this chapter, you learn to
    181. 

  181.                         work with USE flags and understand how USE flags interact with your system.
    182. 

  182.                     </li>
    183. 

  183.                     <li>
    184. 

  184.                     </li>
    185. 

  185.                    <li>
    186. 

  186.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap3">Portage Features</a></b><br>
    187. 

  187.                         Discover the features Portage has, such as support for distributed compiling,
    188. 

  188.                         ccache and more.
    189. 

  189.                     </li>
    190. 

  190.                    <li>
    191. 

  191.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap3">Portage Features</a></b><br>
    192. 

  192.                         Discover the features Portage has, such as support for distributed compiling,
    193. 

  193.                         ccache and more.
    194. 

  194.                     </li>
    195. 

  195.                     <li>
    196. 

  196.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap4">Initscripts</a></b><br>
    197. 

  197.                         Gentoo uses a special initscript format which, amongst other features, allows
    198. 

  198.                         dependency-driven decisions and virtual initscripts. This chapter explains all
    199. 

  199.                         these aspects and explains how to deal with these scripts.
    200. 

  200.                     </li>
    201. 

  201.                     <li>
    202. 

  202.                         <b><a href="#book_part2_chap5">Environment Variables</a></b><br>
    203. 

  203.                         With Gentoo you can easily manage the environment variables for your system.
    204. 

  204.                         This chapter explains how you do that, and also describes frequently used
    205. 

  205.                         variables.
    206. 

  206.                     </li>
    207. 

  207.                 </ol>
    208. 

  208.             </li>
    209. 

  209.             <li>
    210. 

  210.                 <b><a href="#book_part3">Working with Portage</a></b><br>
    211. 

  211.                 "Working with Portage" provides an in-depth coverage of Portage, Gentoo's
    212. 

  212.                 Software Management Tool.
    213. 

  213.                 <ol>
    214. 

  214.                     <li>
    215. 

  215.                         <b><a href="#book_part3_chap1">Files and Directories</a></b><br>
    216. 

  216.                         Once you want to know Portage in-depth you need to know where it stores its
    217. 

  217.                         files and data.
    218. 

  218.                     </li>
    219. 

  219.                     <li>
    220. 

  220.                         <b><a href="#book_part3_chap2">Configuring through Variables</a></b><br>
    221. 

  221.                         Portage is completely configurable through various variables you can set in the
    222. 

  222.                         configuration file or as environment variable.
    223. 

  223.                     </li>
    224. 

  224.                     <li>
    225. 

  225.                         <b><a href="#book_part3_chap3">Mixing Software Branches</a></b><br>
    226. 

  226.                         Gentoo provides software separated in several branches, depending on stability
    227. 

  227.                         and architectural support. "Mixing Software Branches" inform you how these
    228. 

  228.                         branches can be configured and how you can override this separation
    229. 

  229.                         individually.
    230. 

  230.                     </li>
    231. 

  231.                     <li>
    232. 

  232.                         <b><a href="#book_part3_chap4">Additional Portage Tools</a></b><br>
    233. 

  233.                         Portage comes with a few extra tools that might make your Gentoo experience even
    234. 

  234.                         better. Read on to discover how to use dispatch-conf and other tools.
    235. 

  235.                     </li>
    236. 

  236.                     <li>
    237. 

  237.                         <b><a href="#book_part3_chap5">Diverting from the Official Tree</a></b><br>
    238. 

  238.                         "Diverting from the Official Tree" gives you some tips and tricks on how to use
    239. 

  239.                         your own Portage tree, how to synchronise only the categories you want, inject
    240. 

  240.                         packages and more.
    241. 

  241.                     </li>
    242. 

  242.                 </ol>
    243. 

  243.             </li>
    244. 

  244.             <li>
    245. 

  245.                 <b><a href="#book_part4">Gentoo Network Configuration</a></b><br>A comprehensive guide to Networking in Gentoo.<ol>
    246. 

  246.                     <li>
    247. 

  247.                         <b><a href="#book_part4_chap1">Getting Started</a></b><br>
    248. 

  248.                         A guide to quickly get your network interface up and running in most common
    249. 

  249.                         environments.
    250. 

  250.                     </li>
    251. 

  251.                     <li>
    252. 

  252.                         <b><a href="#book_part4_chap2">Advanced Configuration</a></b><br>
    253. 

  253.                         Here we learn about how the configuration works - you need to know this
    254. 

  254.                         before we learn about modular networking.
    255. 

  255.                     </li>
    256. 

  256.                     <li>
    257. 

  257.                         <b><a href="#book_part4_chap3">Modular Networking</a></b><br>
    258. 

  258.                         Gentoo provides you flexible networking - here you are told about choosing
    259. 

  259.                         different DHCP clients, setting up bonding, bridging, VLANs and more.
    260. 

  260.                     </li>
    261. 

  261. 

  262. 

  263. 

  264. 

  265.                     <li>
    266. 

  266. 

  267. 

  268.                         <b>
    269. 

  269. 

  270.                             <a href="#book_part4_chap4">Wireless Networking</a></b><br>
    271. 

  271.                         Wireless isn't straightforward. Hopefully we'll get you working!
    272. 

  272.                     </li>
    273. 

  273.                     <li>
    274. 

  274.                         <b><a href="#book_part4_chap5">Adding Functionality</a></b><br>
    275. 

  275.                         If you're feeling adventurous, you can add your own functions to networking.
    276. 

  276.                     </li>
    277. 

  277.                     <li>
    278. 

  278.                         <b><a href="#book_part4_chap6">Network Management</a></b><br>
    279. 

  279.                         For laptop users or people who move their computer around different networks.
    280. 

  280.                     </li>
    281. 

  281.                 </ol>
    282. 

  282.             </li>
    283. 

  283.         </ul>
    284. 

  284.         <a name="book_part1"></a><h2>A. Installing Gentoo</h2>
    285. 

  285.         <a name="book_part1_chap1"></a><h3>1. About the Gentoo Linux Installation</h3>
    286. 

  286.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1"></a><p class="chaphead"><span class="chapnum">1.a. </span>Introduction</p>
    287. 

  287.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1_sect1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1_sect1"></a><p class="secthead">Welcome!</p>
    288. 

  288. 

  289.         <p>
    290. 

  290.             First of all, <span class="emphasis">welcome</span> to Gentoo. You are about to enter the world
    291. 

  291.             of choices and performance. Gentoo is all about choices. When
    292. 

  292.             installing Gentoo, this is made clear to you several times -- you can
    293. 

  293.             choose how much you want to compile yourself, how to install Gentoo,
    294. 

  294.             what system logger you want, etc.
    295. 

  295.         </p>
    296. 

  296.         <p>
    297. 

  297.             First of all, <span class="emphasis">welcome</span> to Gentoo. You are about to enter the world
    298. 

  298.             of choices and performance. Gentoo is all about choices. When
    299. 

  299.             installing Gentoo, this is made clear to you several times -- you can
    300. 

  300.             choose how much you want to compile yourself, how to install Gentoo,
    301. 

  301.             what system logger you want, etc.
    302. 

  302.             <a>
    303. 

  303.                 hallo!
    304. 

  304.                 this is big <span style="color:red">FILE!!!</span>
    305. 

  305.                 this is no so BIG <span style="color:green">
    306. 

  306.                     FF!
    307. 

  307.                 </span>
    308. 

  308.             </a>
    309. 

  309.         </p>
    310. 

  310. 

  311.         <a name="book_part1"></a><h2>A. Installing Gentoo</h2>
    312. 

  312.         <a name="book_part1"></a><h2>A. Installing Gentoo</h2>
    313. 

  313.         <a name="book_part1_chap1"></a><h3>1. About the Gentoo Linux Installation</h3>
    314. 

  314.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1"></a><p class="chaphead"><span class="chapnum">1.a. </span>Introduction</p>
    315. 

  315.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1_sect1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1_sect1"></a><p class="secthead">Welcome!</p>
    316. 

  316. 

  317.         <p>
    318. 

  318.             Gentoo is a fast, modern metadistribution with a clean and flexible
    319. 

  319.             design. Gentoo is built around free software and doesn't hide from its
    320. 

  320.             users what is beneath the hood. Portage, the package maintenance system
    321. 

  321.             which Gentoo uses, is written in Python, meaning you can easily view and
    322. 

  322.             modify the source code. Gentoo's packaging system uses source code
    323. 

  323.             (although support for precompiled packages is included too) and
    324. 

  324.             configuring Gentoo happens through regular textfiles. In other words,
    325. 

  325.             openness everywhere.
    326. 

  326.         </p>
    327. 

  327.         <p>
    328. 

  328.             Gentoo is a fast, modern metadistribution with a clean and flexible
    329. 

  329.             design. Gentoo is built around free software and doesn't hide from its
    330. 

  330.             users what is beneath the hood. Portage, the package maintenance system
    331. 

  331.             which Gentoo uses, is written in Python, meaning you can easily view and
    332. 

  332.             modify the source code. Gentoo's packaging system uses source code
    333. 

  333.             (although support for precompiled packages is included too) and
    334. 

  334.             configuring Gentoo happens through regular textfiles. In other words,
    335. 

  335.             openness everywhere.
    336. 

  336.         </p>
    337. 

  337.         <p>
    338. 

  338.             When you are given a certain choice, we try our best to explain what the pros
    339. 

  339.             and cons are. We will continue then with a default
    340. 

  340.             choice, identified by "Default: " in the title. The other
    341. 

  341.             possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do <span class="emphasis">not</span>
    342. 

  342.             this is OK.....
    343. 

  343.             possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do
    344. 

  344.             <span class="emphasis" style="color:green">
    345. 

  345.                   not
    346. 

  346.                   </span>
    347. 

  347.             it works well
    348. 

  348.             think that the default is what we recommend. It is however what we
    349. 

  349.             believe most users will use.
    350. 

  350.         </p>
    351. 

  351. 

  352.         <p>
    353. 

  353.             When you are given a certain choice, we try our best to explain what the pros
    354. 

  354.             and cons are. We will continue then with a default
    355. 

  355.             choice, identified by "Default: " in the title. The other
    356. 

  356.             possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do <span class="emphasis">not</span>
    357. 

  357.             this is OK.....
    358. 

  358.             it works well
    359. 

  359.             think that the default is what we recommend. It is however what we
    360. 

  360.             believe most users will use.
    361. 

  361.         </p>
    362. 

  362.         <p>
    363. 

  363.             When you are given a certain choice, we try our best to explain what the pros
    364. 

  364.             and cons are. We will continue then with a default
    365. 

  365.             choice, identified by "Default: " in the title. The other
    366. 

  366.             possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do <span class="emphasis">not</span>
    367. 

  367.             this is OK.....
    368. 

  368.             it works well
    369. 

  369.             think that the default is what we recommend. It is however what we
    370. 

  370.             believe most users will use.
    371. 

  371.         </p>
    372. 

  372. 

  373.         <p>
    374. 

  374.             When you are given a certain choice, we try our best to explain what the pros
    375. 

  375.             and cons are. We will continue then with a default
    376. 

  376.             choice, identified by "Default: " in the title. The other
    377. 

  377.             possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do <span class="emphasis">not</span>
    378. 

  378.             this is OK.....
    379. 

  379.             it works well
    380. 

  380.             think that the default is what we recommend. It is however what we
    381. 

  381.             believe most users will use.
    382. 

  382.         </p>
    383. 

  383. 

  384.         <p>
    385. 

  385.             It is very important that you understand that <span class="emphasis">choices</span> are what
    386. 

  386.             makes Gentoo run. We try not to force you onto anything you don't like.
    387. 

  387.             If you feel like we do, please <a href="http://bugs.gentoo.org">bugreport</a> it.
    388. 

  388.         </p>
    389. 

  389. 

  390.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1_sect2"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1_sect2"></a><p class="secthead">How is the Installation Structured?</p>
    391. 

  391. 

  392.         <p>
    393. 

  393.             The Gentoo Installation can be seen as a 10-step procedure,
    394. 

  394.             corresponding to chapters 2 - 11. Every step results in
    395. 

  395.             a certain state:
    396. 

  396.         </p>
    397. 

  397. 

  398.         <ul>
    399. 

  399.             <li>
    400. 

  400.                 After step 1, you are in a working environment ready to install Gentoo
    401. 

  401.             </li>
    402. 

  402.             <li>
    403. 

  403.                 After step 2, your internet connection is ready to install Gentoo
    404. 

  404.             </li>
    405. 

  405.             <li>
    406. 

  406.                 After step 3, your hard disks are initialized to house your Gentoo
    407. 

  407.                 installation
    408. 

  408.             </li>
    409. 

  409.             <li>
    410. 

  410.                 After step 4, your installation environment is prepared and you are
    411. 

  411.                 ready to chroot into the new environment
    412. 

  412.             </li>
    413. 

  413.             <li>
    414. 

  414.                 After step 5, core packages, which are the same on all Gentoo
    415. 

  415.                 installations, are installed
    416. 

  416.             </li>
    417. 

  417.             <li>
    418. 

  418.                 After step 6, you have compiled your Linux kernel
    419. 

  419.             </li>
    420. 

  420.             <li>
    421. 

  421.                 After step 7, you have written most of your Gentoo system
    422. 

  422.                 configuration files
    423. 

  423.             </li>
    424. 

  424.             <li>
    425. 

  425.                 After step 8, necessary system tools (which you can choose from a nice
    426. 

  426.                 list) are installed
    427. 

  427.             </li>
    428. 

  428.             <li>
    429. 

  429.                 After step 9, your choice of bootloader has been installed and
    430. 

  430.                 configured and you are logged in into your new Gentoo installation
    431. 

  431.             </li>
    432. 

  432.             <li>
    433. 

  433.                 After step 10, your Gentoo Linux environment is ready to be explored
    434. 

  434.             </li>
    435. 

  435.         </ul>
    436. 

  436. 

  437.         <p>
    438. 

  438.             When you are given a certain choice, we try our best to explain what the pros
    439. 

  439.             and cons are. We will continue then with a default
    440. 

  440.             choice, identified by "Default: " in the title. The other
    441. 

  441.             possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do <span class="emphasis">not</span>
    442. 

  442.             think that the default is what we recommend. It is however what we
    443. 

  443.             believe most users will use.
    444. 

  444.         </p>
    445. 

  445. 

  446.         <p>
    447. 

  447.             Sometimes you can pursue an optional step. Such steps are marked as
    448. 

  448.             "Optional: " and are therefore not needed to install Gentoo.
    449. 

  449.             However, some optional steps are dependant on a previous decision you
    450. 

  450.             made. We will inform you when this happens, both when you make the
    451. 

  451.             decision, and right before the optional step is described.
    452. 

  452.         </p>
    453. 

  453. 

  454.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1_sect3"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1_sect3"></a><p class="secthead">What are my Options?</p>
    455. 

  455.         <p></p>
    456. 

  456.         <p>
    457. 

  457.             Also note that, if you plan on using GRP (the Gentoo Reference Platform, a
    458. 

  458.             collection of prebuilt packages meant for immediate use after a Gentoo
    459. 

  459.             installation), you <span class="emphasis">must</span> follow the instructions in the <a href="/doc/en/handbook/2007.0/?style=printable">Gentoo 2007.0 Handbooks</a>.
    460. 

  460.         </p>
    461. 

  461. 

  462.         <p>
    463. 

  463.             For help on the other installation approaches, please read our <a href="/doc/en/altinstall.xml?style=printable">Alternative Installation Guide</a>. We also
    464. 

  464.             provide a <a href="/doc/en/gentoo-x86-tipsntricks.xml?style=printable">Gentoo Installation
    465. 

  465.             Tips &amp; Tricks</a> document that might be useful to read as well. If you
    466. 

  466.             feel that the current installation instructions are too elaborate, feel free
    467. 

  467.             to use our Quick Installation Guide available from our <a href="/doc/en/index.xml?style=printable">Documentation Resources</a> if your architecture
    468. 

  468.             has such a document available.
    469. 

  469.         </p>
    470. 

  470. 

  471.         <p>
    472. 

  472.             You also have several possibilities: you can compile your entire system from
    473. 

  473.             scratch or use a prebuilt environment to have your Gentoo environment up and
    474. 

  474.             running in no time. And of course you have intermediate solutions in which you
    475. 

  475.             don't compile everything but start from a semi-ready system.
    476. 

  476.         </p>
    477. 

  477. 

  478.         <a name="book_id6780645_chap1_sect4"></a><a name="book_part1_chap1__chap1_sect4"></a><p class="secthead">Troubles?</p>
    479. 

  479. 

  480.         <p>
    481. 

  481.             If you find a problem in the installation (or in the installation
    482. 

  482.             documentation), please visit our <a href="http://bugs.gentoo.org">bugtracking
    483. 

  483.             system</a> and check if the bug is known. If not, please create a bugreport
    484. 

  484.             for it so we can take care of it. Do not be afraid of the developers who are
    485. 

  485.             assigned to (your) bugs -- they generally don't eat people.
    486. 

  486.         </p>
    487. 

  487. 

  488.         <p>
    489. 

  489.             Note though that, although the document you are now reading is
    490. 

  490.             architecture-specific, it will contain references to other architectures as
    491. 

  491.             well. This is due to the fact that large parts of the Gentoo Handbook use source
    492. 

  492.             code that is common for all architectures (to avoid duplication of efforts and
    493. 

  493.             starvation of development resources). We will try to keep this to a minimum
    494. 

  494.             to avoid confusion.
    495. 

  495.         </p>
    496. 

  496. 

  497.         <p>
    498. 

  498.             If you are uncertain if the problem is a user-problem (some error you
    499. 

  499.             made despite having read the documentation carefully) or a
    500. 

  500.             software-problem (some error we made despite having tested the
    501. 

  501.             installation/documentation carefully) you are free to join #gentoo on
    502. 

  502.             irc.freenode.net. Of course, you are welcome otherwise too :)
    503. 

  503.         </p>
    504. 

  504. 

  505.         <p>
    506. 

  506.             If you have a question regarding Gentoo, check out our <a href="/doc/en/faq.xml?style=printable">Frequently Asked Questions</a>, available from the <a href="/doc/en/?style=printable">Gentoo Documentation</a>. You can also view the <a href="http://forums.gentoo.org/viewforum.php?f=40">FAQs</a> on our
    507. 

  507.             <a href="http://forums.gentoo.org">forums</a>. If you can't find the answer
    508. 

  508.             there ask on #gentoo, our IRC-channel on irc.freenode.net. Yes, several of
    509. 

  509.             us are freaks who sit on IRC :-)
    510. 

  510.         </p>
    511. 

  511. 

  512.         <a name="book_part1_chap2"></a><h3>2. Choosing the Right Installation Medium</h3>
    513. 

  513.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap1"></a><p class="chaphead"><span class="chapnum">2.a. </span>Hardware Requirements</p>
    514. 

  514.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap1_sect1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap1_sect1"></a><p class="secthead">Introduction</p>
    515. 

  515. 

  516.         <p>
    517. 

  517.             Before we start, we first list what hardware requirements you need to
    518. 

  518.             successfully install Gentoo on your box.
    519. 

  519.         </p>
    520. 

  520. 

  521.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap1_sect2"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap1_sect2"></a><p class="secthead">Hardware Requirements</p>
    522. 

  522. 

  523.         <table class="ntable">
    524. 

  524.             <tr>
    525. 

  525.                 <td class="tableinfo"></td>
    526. 

  526.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Minimal CD</b></td>
    527. 

  527.                 <td class="infohead"><b>LiveCD</b></td>
    528. 

  528.             </tr>
    529. 

  529.             <tr>
    530. 

  530.                 <td class="infohead"><b>CPU</b></td>
    531. 

  531.                 <td class="tableinfo">i486 or later</td>
    532. 

  532.                 <td class="tableinfo">
    533. 

  533.                 <b>i686</b> or later</td>
    534. 

  534.             </tr>
    535. 

  535.             <tr>
    536. 

  536.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Memory</b></td>
    537. 

  537.                 <td class="tableinfo">64 MB</td>
    538. 

  538.                 <td class="tableinfo">256 MB</td>
    539. 

  539.             </tr>
    540. 

  540.             <tr>
    541. 

  541.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Diskspace</b></td>
    542. 

  542.                 <td class="tableinfo" colspan="2">1.5 GB (excluding swap space)</td>
    543. 

  543.             </tr>
    544. 

  544.             <tr>
    545. 

  545.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Swap space</b></td>
    546. 

  546.                 <td class="tableinfo" colspan="2">At least 256 MB</td>
    547. 

  547.             </tr>
    548. 

  548.         </table>
    549. 

  549. 

  550.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap2"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap2"></a><p class="chaphead"><span class="chapnum">2.b. </span>The Gentoo Installation CDs</p>
    551. 

  551.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap2_sect1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap2_sect1"></a><p class="secthead">Introduction</p>
    552. 

  552. 

  553.         <p>
    554. 

  554.             The <span class="emphasis">Gentoo Installation CDs</span> are bootable CDs which contain a
    555. 

  555.             self-sustained Gentoo environment. They allow you to boot Linux from the CD.
    556. 

  556.             During the boot process your hardware is detected and the appropriate drivers
    557. 

  557.             are loaded. They are maintained by Gentoo developers.
    558. 

  558.         </p>
    559. 

  559. 

  560.         <p>
    561. 

  561.             All Installation CDs allow you to boot, set up networking, initialize your
    562. 

  562.             partitions and start installing Gentoo from the Internet. We currently provide
    563. 

  563.             two Installation CDs which are equally suitable to install Gentoo from, as long
    564. 

  564.             as you're planning on performing an Internet-based installation using the
    565. 

  565.             latest version of the available packages.
    566. 

  566.         </p>
    567. 

  567. 

  568.         <table class="ncontent" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#ffffbb"><p class="note"><b>Important: </b>
    569. 

  569.                         If you wish to install Gentoo without a working Internet connection, or would
    570. 

  570.                         like to use one of the provided installers, please use the installation
    571. 

  571.                         instructions described in the <a href="2007.0/?style=printable">Gentoo 2007.0
    572. 

  572.                         Handbooks</a>.
    573. 

  573.         </p></td></tr></table>
    574. 

  574. 

  575.         <p>
    576. 

  576.             The Installation CDs that we currently provide are:
    577. 

  577.         </p>
    578. 

  578. 

  579.         <ul>
    580. 

  580.             <li>
    581. 

  581.                 The Gentoo <span class="emphasis">Minimal</span> Installation CD, a small, no-nonsense, bootable
    582. 

  582.                 CD which sole purpose is to boot the system, prepare the networking and
    583. 

  583.                 continue with the Gentoo installation.
    584. 

  584.             </li>
    585. 

  585.             <li>
    586. 

  586.                 The Gentoo <span class="emphasis">Installer LiveCD</span> contains everything you need to install
    587. 

  587.                 Gentoo. It provides a graphical environment, a graphical as well as console
    588. 

  588.                 based installer which automatically carries out the installation for you,
    589. 

  589.                 and of course, the installation instructions for your architecture.
    590. 

  590.             </li>
    591. 

  591.         </ul>
    592. 

  592. 

  593.         <p>
    594. 

  594.             To help you decide which Installation CD you need, we have written down the
    595. 

  595.             major advantages and disadvantages of each Installation CD.
    596. 

  596.         </p>
    597. 

  597. 

  598.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap2_sect2"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap2_sect2"></a><p class="secthead">Gentoo Minimal Installation CD</p>
    599. 

  599. 

  600.         <p>
    601. 

  601.             The Minimal Installation CD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso</span> and
    602. 

  602.             takes up only 57 MB of diskspace. You can use this
    603. 

  603.             Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <span class="emphasis">only</span> with a working Internet
    604. 

  604.             connection.
    605. 

  605.         </p>
    606. 

  606. 

  607.         <p>
    608. 

  608.             The Minimal Installation CD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso</span> and
    609. 

  609.             takes up only 57 MB of diskspace. You can use this
    610. 

  610.             Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <span class="emphasis">only</span> with a working Internet
    611. 

  611.             connection.
    612. 

  612.         </p>
    613. 

  613. 

  614.         <p>
    615. 

  615.             The Minimal Installation CD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso</span> and
    616. 

  616.             takes up only 57 MB of diskspace. You can use this
    617. 

  617.             Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <span class="emphasis">only</span> with a working Internet
    618. 

  618.             connection.
    619. 

  619.         </p>
    620. 

  620. 

  621.         <p>
    622. 

  622.             The Minimal Installation CD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso</span> and
    623. 

  623.             takes up only 57 MB of diskspace. You can use this
    624. 

  624.             Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <span class="emphasis">only</span> with a working Internet
    625. 

  625.             connection.
    626. 

  626.         </p>
    627. 

  627.         <table class="ntable">
    628. 

  628.             <tr>
    629. 

  629.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Minimal Installation CD</b></td>
    630. 

  630.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Pros and Cons</b></td>
    631. 

  631.             </tr>
    632. 

  632.             <tr>
    633. 

  633.                 <td class="infohead"><b>+</b></td>
    634. 

  634.                 <td class="tableinfo">Smallest download</td>
    635. 

  635.             </tr>
    636. 

  636.             <tr>
    637. 

  637.                 <td class="infohead"><b>-</b></td>
    638. 

  638.                 <td class="tableinfo">
    639. 

  639.                     Contains no stage3 tarball, no Portage snapshot, no prebuilt packages and
    640. 

  640.                     is therefore not suitable for networkless installation
    641. 

  641.                 </td>
    642. 

  642.             </tr>
    643. 

  643.         </table>
    644. 

  644. 

  645.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap2_sect3"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap2_sect3"></a><p class="secthead">Gentoo Installer LiveCD</p>
    646. 

  646. 

  647.         <p>
    648. 

  648.             The Installer LiveCD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">livecd-i686-installer-2007.0.iso</span> and takes up
    649. 

  649.             697 MB. You can use this Installation CD to install
    650. 

  650.             Gentoo, and you can even use it to install Gentoo without a working internet
    651. 

  651.             connection, just in case you want to bring Gentoo to another PC than the one
    652. 

  652.             you are currently installing Gentoo on.
    653. 

  653.         </p>
    654. 

  654. 

  655.         <table class="ntable">
    656. 

  656.             <tr>
    657. 

  657.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Installer LiveCD</b></td>
    658. 

  658.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Pros and Cons</b></td>
    659. 

  659.             </tr>
    660. 

  660.             <tr>
    661. 

  661.                 <td class="infohead"><b>+</b></td>
    662. 

  662.                 <td class="tableinfo">
    663. 

  663.                     Contains everything you need. You can even install without a network
    664. 

  664.                     connection.
    665. 

  665.                 </td>
    666. 

  666.             </tr>
    667. 

  667.             <tr>
    668. 

  668.                 <td class="infohead"><b>-</b></td>
    669. 

  669.                 <td class="tableinfo">Huge download</td>
    670. 

  670.             </tr>
    671. 

  671.         </table>
    672. 

  672. 

  673.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap2_sect4"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap2_sect4"></a><p class="secthead">The Stage3 Tarball</p>
    674. 

  674. 

  675.         <p>
    676. 

  676.             The Minimal Installation CD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso</span> and
    677. 

  677.             takes up only 57 MB of diskspace. You can use this
    678. 

  678.             Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <span class="emphasis">only</span> with a working Internet
    679. 

  679.             connection.
    680. 

  680.         </p>
    681. 

  681. 

  682.         <p>
    683. 

  683.             The Minimal Installation CD is called <span class="code" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso</span> and
    684. 

  684.             takes up only 57 MB of diskspace. You can use this
    685. 

  685.             Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <span class="emphasis">only</span> with a working Internet
    686. 

  686.             connection.
    687. 

  687.         </p>
    688. 

  688. 

  689.         <p>
    690. 

  690. 

  691.         </p>
    692. 

  692. 

  693.         <p>
    694. 

  694.             A stage3 tarball is an archive containing a minimal Gentoo environment,
    695. 

  695.             suitable to continue the Gentoo installation using the instructions in this
    696. 

  696.             manual. Previously, the Gentoo Handbook described the installation using one of
    697. 

  697.             three stage tarballs. While Gentoo still offers stage1 and stage2 tarballs, the
    698. 

  698.             official installation method uses the stage3 tarball. If you are interested in
    699. 

  699.             performing a Gentoo installation using a stage1 or stage2 tarball, please read
    700. 

  700.             the Gentoo FAQ on <a href="/doc/en/faq.xml?style=printable#stage12">How do I Install Gentoo
    701. 

  701.             Using a Stage1 or Stage2 Tarball?</a>
    702. 

  702.         </p>
    703. 

  703. 

  704.         <p>
    705. 

  705.             Stage3 tarballs can be downloaded from <span class="path" dir="ltr">releases/x86/2007.0/stages/</span> on any of the <a href="/main/en/mirrors.xml?style=printable">Official Gentoo Mirrors</a> and are not provided
    706. 

  706.             on the LiveCD.
    707. 

  707.         </p>
    708. 

  708. 

  709.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap3"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap3"></a><p class="chaphead"><span class="chapnum">2.c. </span>Download, Burn and Boot a Gentoo Installation CD</p>
    710. 

  710.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap3_sect1"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap3_sect1"></a><p class="secthead">Downloading and Burning the Installation CDs</p>
    711. 

  711. 

  712.         <p>
    713. 

  713.             You have chosen to use a Gentoo Installation CD. We'll first start by
    714. 

  714.             downloading and burning the chosen Installation CD. We previously discussed
    715. 

  715.             the several available Installation CDs, but where can you find them?
    716. 

  716.         </p>
    717. 

  717. 

  718.         <p>
    719. 

  719.             You can download any of the Installation CDs from one of our <a href="/main/en/mirrors.xml?style=printable">mirrors</a>. The Installation CDs are located in
    720. 

  720.             the <span class="path" dir="ltr">releases/x86/2007.0/installcd/</span> directory.
    721. 

  721.         </p>
    722. 

  722. 

  723.         <p>
    724. 

  724.             Inside that directory you'll find ISO-files. Those are full CD images which you
    725. 

  725.             can write on a CD-R.
    726. 

  726.         </p>
    727. 

  727. 

  728.         <p>
    729. 

  729.             In case you wonder if your downloaded file is corrupted or not, you can check
    730. 

  730.             its MD5 checksum and compare it with the MD5 checksum we provide (such as
    731. 

  731.             <span class="path" dir="ltr">install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso.DIGESTS</span>). You can check the MD5
    732. 

  732.             checksum with the <span class="code" dir="ltr">md5sum</span> tool under Linux/Unix or <a href="http://www.etree.org/md5com.html">md5sum</a> for Windows.
    733. 

  733.         </p>
    734. 

  734. 

  735.         <p>
    736. 

  736.             Another way to check the validity of the downloaded file is to use GnuPG to
    737. 

  737.             verify the cryptographic signature that we provide (the file ending with
    738. 

  738.             <span class="path" dir="ltr">.asc</span>). Download the signature file and obtain the public key:
    739. 

  739.         </p>
    740. 

  740. 

  741.         <a name="doc_chap_pre1"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    742. 

  742.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 1: Obtaining the public key</p></td></tr>
    743. 

  743.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    744. 

  744. $ <span class="code-input">gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys 17072058</span>
    745. 

  745.             </pre></td></tr>
    746. 

  746.         </table>
    747. 

  747. 

  748.         <p>
    749. 

  749.             Now verify the signature:
    750. 

  750.         </p>
    751. 

  751. 

  752.         <a name="doc_chap_pre2"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    753. 

  753.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 2: Verify the cryptographic signature</p></td></tr>
    754. 

  754.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    755. 

  755. $ <span class="code-input">gpg --verify &lt;signature file&gt; &lt;downloaded iso&gt;</span>
    756. 

  756.             </pre></td></tr>
    757. 

  757.         </table>
    758. 

  758. 

  759.         <p>
    760. 

  760.             To burn the downloaded ISO(s), you have to select raw-burning. How you
    761. 

  761.             do this is highly program-dependent. We will discuss <span class="code" dir="ltr">cdrecord</span> and
    762. 

  762.             <span class="code" dir="ltr">K3B</span> here; more information can be found in our <a href="/doc/en/faq.xml?style=printable#isoburning">Gentoo FAQ</a>.
    763. 

  763.         </p>
    764. 

  764. 

  765.         <ul>
    766. 

  766.             <li>
    767. 

  767.                 With cdrecord, you simply type <span class="code" dir="ltr">cdrecord dev=/dev/hdc &lt;downloaded iso
    768. 

  768.                 file&gt;</span> (replace <span class="path" dir="ltr">/dev/hdc</span> with your CD-RW drive's
    769. 

  769.                 device path).
    770. 

  770.             </li>
    771. 

  771.             <li>
    772. 

  772.                 With K3B, select <span class="code" dir="ltr">Tools</span> &gt; <span class="code" dir="ltr">Burn CD Image</span>. Then you can locate
    773. 

  773.                 your ISO file within the 'Image to Burn' area. Finally click <span class="code" dir="ltr">Start</span>.
    774. 

  774.             </li>
    775. 

  775.         </ul>
    776. 

  776. 

  777.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap3_sect2"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap3_sect2"></a><p class="secthead">Booting the Installation CD</p>
    778. 

  778. 

  779.         <p>
    780. 

  780.             Once you have burnt your installation CD, it is time to boot it.
    781. 

  781.             Remove all CDs from your CD drives, reboot your system and enter the BIOS.
    782. 

  782.             This is usually done by hitting DEL, F1 or ESC, depending on your BIOS. Inside
    783. 

  783.             the BIOS, change the boot order so that the CD-ROM is tried before the hard
    784. 

  784.             disk. This is often found under "CMOS Setup". If you don't do this, your system
    785. 

  785.             will just reboot from the hard disk, ignoring the CD-ROM.
    786. 

  786.         </p>
    787. 

  787. 

  788.         <p>
    789. 

  789.             Now place the installation CD in the CD-ROM drive and reboot. You should see a
    790. 

  790.             boot prompt. At this screen, you can hit Enter to begin the boot process with
    791. 

  791.             the default boot options, or boot the Installation CD with custom boot options
    792. 

  792.             by specifying a kernel followed by boot options and then hitting Enter.
    793. 

  793.         </p>
    794. 

  794. 

  795.         <p>
    796. 

  796.             Specifying a kernel? Yes, we provide several kernels on our Installation CDs.
    797. 

  797.             The default one is <span class="code" dir="ltr">gentoo</span>. Other kernels are for specific hardware needs
    798. 

  798.             and the <span class="code" dir="ltr">-nofb</span> variants which disable framebuffer.
    799. 

  799.         </p>
    800. 

  800. 

  801.         <p>
    802. 

  802.             Below you'll find a short overview on the available kernels:
    803. 

  803.         </p>
    804. 

  804. 

  805. 

  806. 

  807.         <table class="ntable">
    808. 

  808.             <tr>
    809. 

  809.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Kernel</b></td>
    810. 

  810.                 <td class="infohead"><b>Description</b></td>
    811. 

  811.             </tr>
    812. 

  812.             <tr>
    813. 

  813.                 <td class="tableinfo">gentoo</td>
    814. 

  814.                 <td class="tableinfo">Default 2.6 kernel with support for multiple CPUs</td>
    815. 

  815.             </tr>
    816. 

  816.             <tr>
    817. 

  817.                 <td class="tableinfo">gentoo-nofb</td>
    818. 

  818.                 <td class="tableinfo">Same as <span class="code" dir="ltr">gentoo</span> but without framebuffer support</td>
    819. 

  819.             </tr>
    820. 

  820.             <tr>
    821. 

  821.                 <td class="tableinfo">memtest86</td>
    822. 

  822.                 <td class="tableinfo">Test your local RAM for errors</td>
    823. 

  823.             </tr>
    824. 

  824.         </table>
    825. 

  825. 

  826. 

  827. 

  828.         <p>
    829. 

  829.             You can also provide kernel options. They represent optional settings you can
    830. 

  830.             (de)activate at will. The following list is the same as the one you receive
    831. 

  831.             when you press F2 at the bootscreen.
    832. 

  832.         </p>
    833. 

  833. 

  834.         <a name="doc_chap_pre3"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    835. 

  835.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 3: Options available to pass to your kernel of choice</p></td></tr>
    836. 

  836.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    837. 

  837. - agpgart       loads agpgart (use if you have graphic problems,lockups)
    838. 

  838. - acpi=on       loads support for ACPI firmware
    839. 

  839. - ide=nodma     force disabling of DMA for malfunctioning IDE devices
    840. 

  840. - doscsi        scan for scsi devices (breaks some ethernet cards)
    841. 

  841. - dopcmcia      starts pcmcia service for PCMCIA cdroms
    842. 

  842. - nofirewire    disables firewire modules in initrd (for firewire cdroms,etc)
    843. 

  843. - nokeymap      disables keymap selection for non-us keyboard layouts
    844. 

  844. - docache       cache the entire runtime portion of cd in RAM, allows you
    845. 

  845.                 to umount /mnt/cdrom to mount another cdrom.
    846. 

  846. - nodetect      causes hwsetup/kudzu and hotplug not to run
    847. 

  847. - nousb         disables usb module load from initrd, disables hotplug
    848. 

  848. - nodhcp        dhcp does not automatically start if nic detected
    849. 

  849. - nohotplug     disables loading hotplug service
    850. 

  850. - noapic        disable apic (try if having hardware problems nics,scsi,etc)
    851. 

  851. - noevms        disable loading of EVMS2 modules
    852. 

  852. - nolvm2        disable loading of LVM2 modules
    853. 

  853. - hdx=stroke    allows you to partition the whole harddrive even when your BIOS
    854. 

  854.                 can't handle large harddrives
    855. 

  855. - noload=module1,[module2,[...]]
    856. 

  856.                 disable loading of specific kernel modules
    857. 

  857.             </pre></td></tr>
    858. 

  858.         </table>
    859. 

  859. 

  860.         <p>
    861. 

  861.             Now boot your CD, select a kernel (if you are not happy with the default
    862. 

  862.             <span class="code" dir="ltr">gentoo</span> kernel) and boot options. As an example, we show you how
    863. 

  863.             to boot the <span class="code" dir="ltr">gentoo</span> kernel, with <span class="code" dir="ltr">dopcmcia</span> as kernel
    864. 

  864.             parameters:
    865. 

  865.         </p>
    866. 

  866. 

  867.         <a name="doc_chap_pre4"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    868. 

  868.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 4: Booting an Installation CD</p></td></tr>
    869. 

  869.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    870. 

  870. boot: <span class="code-input">gentoo dopcmcia</span>
    871. 

  871.             </pre></td></tr>
    872. 

  872.         </table>
    873. 

  873. 

  874.         <p>
    875. 

  875.             You will then be greeted with a boot screen and progress bar. If you are
    876. 

  876.             installing Gentoo on a system with a non-US keyboard, make sure you immediately
    877. 

  877.             press Alt-F1 to switch to verbose mode and follow the prompt. If no selection
    878. 

  878.             is made in 10 seconds the default (US keyboard) will be accepted and the boot
    879. 

  879.             process will continue. Once the boot process completes, you will be
    880. 

  880.             automatically logged in to the "Live" Gentoo Linux as "root", the super user.
    881. 

  881.             You should have a root ("#") prompt on the current console and can also switch
    882. 

  882.             to other consoles by pressing Alt-F2, Alt-F3 and Alt-F4. Get back to the one
    883. 

  883.             you started on by pressing Alt-F1.
    884. 

  884.         </p>
    885. 

  885. 

  886.         <p>
    887. 

  887.             Now continue with <a href="#hardware">Extra Hardware Configuration</a>.
    888. 

  888.         </p>
    889. 

  889. 

  890.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap3_sect3"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap3_sect3"></a><a name="hardware"></a><p class="secthead">Extra Hardware Configuration</p>
    891. 

  891. 

  892.         <p>
    893. 

  893.             When the Installation CD boots, it tries to detect all your hardware devices
    894. 

  894.             and loads the appropriate kernel modules to support your hardware. In the vast
    895. 

  895.             majority of cases, it does a very good job. However, in some cases it may not
    896. 

  896.             auto-load the kernel modules you need. If the PCI auto-detection missed some of
    897. 

  897.             your system's hardware, you will have to load the appropriate kernel modules
    898. 

  898.             manually.
    899. 

  899.         </p>
    900. 

  900. 

  901.         <p>
    902. 

  902.             In the next example we try to load the <span class="code" dir="ltr">8139too</span> module (support for
    903. 

  903.             certain kinds of network interfaces):
    904. 

  904.         </p>
    905. 

  905. 

  906.         <a name="doc_chap_pre5"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    907. 

  907.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 5: Loading kernel modules</p></td></tr>
    908. 

  908.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    909. 

  909. # <span class="code-input">modprobe 8139too</span>
    910. 

  910.             </pre></td></tr>
    911. 

  911.         </table>
    912. 

  912. 

  913.         <a name="book_id6780643_chap3_sect4"></a><a name="book_part1_chap2__chap3_sect4"></a><p class="secthead">Optional: Tweaking Hard Disk Performance</p>
    914. 

  914. 

  915.         <p>
    916. 

  916.             If you are an advanced user, you might want to tweak the IDE hard disk
    917. 

  917.             performance using <span class="code" dir="ltr">hdparm</span>. With the <span class="code" dir="ltr">-tT</span> options you can
    918. 

  918.             test the performance of your disk (execute it several times to get a
    919. 

  919.             more precise impression):
    920. 

  920.         </p>
    921. 

  921. 

  922.         <a name="doc_chap_pre6"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    923. 

  923.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 6: Testing disk performance</p></td></tr>
    924. 

  924.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    925. 

  925. # <span class="code-input">hdparm -tT /dev/hda</span>
    926. 

  926.             </pre></td></tr>
    927. 

  927.         </table>
    928. 

  928. 

  929.         <p>
    930. 

  930.             To tweak, you can use any of the following examples (or experiment
    931. 

  931.             yourself) which use <span class="path" dir="ltr">/dev/hda</span> as disk (substitute with your
    932. 

  932.             disk):
    933. 

  933.         </p>
    934. 

  934. 

  935.         <a name="doc_chap_pre7"></a><table class="ntable" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
    936. 

  936.             <tr><td bgcolor="#7a5ada"><p class="codetitle">Code Listing 7: Tweaking hard disk performance</p></td></tr>
    937. 

  937.             <tr><td bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="left" dir="ltr"><pre>
    938. 

  938. <span class="code-comment">(Activate DMA:)</span>
    939. 

  939. # <span class="code-input">hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda</span>
    940. 

  940. 

  941. <span class="code-comment">(Activate Safe Performa
    942.