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  17.   <meta name="description" content="Posts and writings by d4n1">
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  21.   <title>
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  22.     d4n1
    23. 

  23. &ndash; Category: Language  </title>
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  27.   <aside>
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  28.     <div id="user_meta">
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  32.       <h2><a href="http://www.d4n1.org">d4n1</a></h2>
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  33.       <p>Programming Coffee</p>
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  35.         <li><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/pages/about.html">About</a></li>
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  46.       <a href="http://www.d4n1.org">Index</a> &brvbar; <a href="http://www.d4n1.org/archives.html">Archives</a>
    47. 

  47. &gt; Category: Language
    48. 

  48.       </p>
    49. 

  49.     </header>
    50. 

  50. 

  51. <article>
    52. 

  52.   <div class="article_title">
    53. 

  53.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/lisp.html">Lisp</a></h1>
    54. 

  54.   </div>
    55. 

  55.   <div class="article_text">
    56. 

  56.     <p>Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming
    57. 

  57. languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized
    58. 

  58. prefix notation. Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the
    59. 

  59. second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use
    60. 

  60. today. Only Fortran is older, by one year. Lisp has changed since its
    61. 

  61. early days …</p>
    62. 

  62.   </div>
    63. 

  63. </article>
    64. 

  64. <hr />
    65. 

  65. <article>
    66. 

  66.   <div class="article_title">
    67. 

  67.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/smalltalk.html">Smalltalk</a></h1>
    68. 

  68.   </div>
    69. 

  69.   <div class="article_text">
    70. 

  70.     <p>GNU Smalltalk is a free implementation of the Smalltalk-80
    71. 

  71. language. It runs on most POSIX compatible operating
    72. 

  72. systems (including GNU/Linux, of course), as well as under
    73. 

  73. Windows. Smalltalk is a dynamic object-oriented language, well-versed
    74. 

  74. to scripting tasks.</p>
    75. 

  75. <h4>Run</h4>
    76. 

  76. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>gst
    77. 

  77. &#39;Hello, world&#39;
    78. 

  78. </code></pre></div>
    79. 

  79. 

  80. <p><a href="http://gnu.org/software/smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></p>
    81. 

  81.   </div>
    82. 

  82. </article>
    83. 

  83. <hr />
    84. 

  84. <article>
    85. 

  85.   <div class="article_title">
    86. 

  86.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/ada.html">Ada</a></h1>
    87. 

  87.   </div>
    88. 

  88.   <div class="article_text">
    89. 

  89.     <p>Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative,
    90. 

  90. wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming
    91. 

  91. language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has built-in
    92. 

  92. language support for design-by-contract, extremely strong typing,
    93. 

  93. explicit concurrency, offering tasks, synchronous message passing,
    94. 

  94. protected objects, and non-determinism. Ada improves code safety and
    95. 

  95. maintainability by using the …</p>
    96. 

  96.   </div>
    97. 

  97. </article>
    98. 

  98. <hr />
    99. 

  99. <article>
    100. 

  100.   <div class="article_title">
    101. 

  101.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/vala.html">Vala</a></h1>
    102. 

  102.   </div>
    103. 

  103.   <div class="article_text">
    104. 

  104.     <p>Vala is an object-oriented programming language with a
    105. 

  105. self-hosting compiler that generates C code and uses the GObject
    106. 

  106. system.</p>
    107. 

  107. <h4>vim example.vala</h4>
    108. 

  108. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    109. 

  109. 

  110. <span class="nb nb-Type">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
    111. 

  111. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ref</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
    112. 

  112. 

  113. <span class="w">    </span><span class="k">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Window</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
    114. 

  114. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    115. 

  115. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">border_width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    116. 

  116. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">window</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">window_position</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">WindowPosition</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CENTER</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
    117. 

  117. <span class="w">    </span><span class="n">window …</span></code></pre></div>
    118. 

  118.   </div>
    119. 

  119. </article>
    120. 

  120. <hr />
    121. 

  121. <article>
    122. 

  122.   <div class="article_title">
    123. 

  123.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/javascript.html">Javascript</a></h1>
    124. 

  124.   </div>
    125. 

  125.   <div class="article_text">
    126. 

  126.     <p>JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted
    127. 

  127. programming language. It has been standardized in the ECMAScript
    128. 

  128. language specification. Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of
    129. 

  129. the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production; the
    130. 

  130. majority of websites employ it, and all modern Web browsers support it …</p>
    131. 

  131.   </div>
    132. 

  132. </article>
    133. 

  133. <hr />
    134. 

  134. <article>
    135. 

  135.   <div class="article_title">
    136. 

  136.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/haskell.html">Haskell</a></h1>
    137. 

  137.   </div>
    138. 

  138.   <div class="article_text">
    139. 

  139.     <p>Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional
    140. 

  140. programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static
    141. 

  141. typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry. The latest standard
    142. 

  142. of Haskell is Haskell 2010. As of May 2016, a group is working on the
    143. 

  143. next version, Haskell 2020.</p>
    144. 

  144. <h4>ghc</h4>
    145. 

  145. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>main = putStrLn \&quot;Hello World …</code></pre></div>
    146. 

  146.   </div>
    147. 

  147. </article>
    148. 

  148. <hr />
    149. 

  149. <article>
    150. 

  150.   <div class="article_title">
    151. 

  151.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/lua.html">Lua</a></h1>
    152. 

  152.   </div>
    153. 

  153.   <div class="article_text">
    154. 

  154.     <p>Lua was originally designed in 1993 as a language for extending
    155. 

  155. software applications to meet the increasing demand for customization
    156. 

  156. at the time. It provided the basic facilities of most procedural
    157. 

  157. programming languages, but more complicated or domain-specific
    158. 

  158. features were not included; rather, it included mechanisms for
    159. 

  159. extending the language …</p>
    160. 

  160.   </div>
    161. 

  161. </article>
    162. 

  162. <hr />
    163. 

  163. <article>
    164. 

  164.   <div class="article_title">
    165. 

  165.     <h1><a href="http://www.d4n1.org/ruby.html">Ruby</a></h1>
    166. 

  166.   </div>
    167. 

  167.   <div class="article_text">
    168. 

  168.     <p>Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose
    169. 

  169. programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s
    170. 

  170. by Yukihiro \"Matz\" Matsumoto in Japan. According to its creator,
    171. 

  171. Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. It
    172. 

  172. supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional,
    173. 

  173. object-oriented, and imperative. It also has …</p>
    174. 

  174.   </div>
    175. 

  175. </article>
    176. 

  176. 

  177. <footer>
    178. 

  178. <div id="paginator">
    179. 

  179. <a href="http://www.d4n1.org/category/language3.html" class="button_accent">&larr; Older Posts</a>
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  180. 

  181. <a href="http://www.d4n1.org/category/language.html" class="button_accent">Newer Posts &rarr;</a>
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    183. 

  183. </footer>
    184. 

  184. 

  185.     <div id="ending_message">
    186. 

  186.       <p>
    187. 

  187.         &copy; 2000-2018 by Daniel Pimentel (d4n1). Under 
    188. 

  188.         <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT" target="_blank">MIT</a>.
    189. 

  189.       </p>
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