/src/VBox/Runtime/r3/socket.cpp

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/* $Id$ */
/** @file
 * IPRT - Network Sockets.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Oracle Corporation
 *
 * This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
 * available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
 * you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
 * hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
 *
 * The contents of this file may alternatively be used under the terms
 * of the Common Development and Distribution License Version 1.0
 * (CDDL) only, as it comes in the "COPYING.CDDL" file of the
 * VirtualBox OSE distribution, in which case the provisions of the
 * CDDL are applicable instead of those of the GPL.
 *
 * You may elect to license modified versions of this file under the
 * terms and conditions of either the GPL or the CDDL or both.
 */


/*******************************************************************************
*   Header Files                                                               *
*******************************************************************************/
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
# include <winsock2.h>
# include <ws2tcpip.h>
#else /* !RT_OS_WINDOWS */
# include <errno.h>
# include <sys/select.h>
# include <sys/stat.h>
# include <sys/socket.h>
# include <netinet/in.h>
# include <netinet/tcp.h>
# include <arpa/inet.h>
# ifdef IPRT_WITH_TCPIP_V6
#  include <netinet6/in6.h>
# endif
# include <sys/un.h>
# include <netdb.h>
# include <unistd.h>
# include <fcntl.h>
# include <sys/uio.h>
#endif /* !RT_OS_WINDOWS */
#include <limits.h>

#include "internal/iprt.h"
#include <iprt/socket.h>

#include <iprt/alloca.h>
#include <iprt/asm.h>
#include <iprt/assert.h>
#include <iprt/ctype.h>
#include <iprt/err.h>
#include <iprt/mempool.h>
#include <iprt/poll.h>
#include <iprt/string.h>
#include <iprt/thread.h>
#include <iprt/time.h>
#include <iprt/mem.h>
#include <iprt/sg.h>
#include <iprt/log.h>

#include "internal/magics.h"
#include "internal/socket.h"
#include "internal/string.h"


/*******************************************************************************
*   Defined Constants And Macros                                               *
*******************************************************************************/
/* non-standard linux stuff (it seems). */
#ifndef MSG_NOSIGNAL
# define MSG_NOSIGNAL           0
#endif

/* Windows has different names for SHUT_XXX. */
#ifndef SHUT_RDWR
# ifdef SD_BOTH
#  define SHUT_RDWR             SD_BOTH
# else
#  define SHUT_RDWR             2
# endif
#endif
#ifndef SHUT_WR
# ifdef SD_SEND
#  define SHUT_WR               SD_SEND
# else
#  define SHUT_WR               1
# endif
#endif
#ifndef SHUT_RD
# ifdef SD_RECEIVE
#  define SHUT_RD               SD_RECEIVE
# else
#  define SHUT_RD               0
# endif
#endif

/* fixup backlevel OSes. */
#if defined(RT_OS_OS2) || defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS)
# define socklen_t              int
#endif

/** How many pending connection. */
#define RTTCP_SERVER_BACKLOG    10


/*******************************************************************************
*   Structures and Typedefs                                                    *
*******************************************************************************/
/**
 * Socket handle data.
 *
 * This is mainly required for implementing RTPollSet on Windows.
 */
typedef struct RTSOCKETINT
{
    /** Magic number (RTSOCKET_MAGIC). */
    uint32_t            u32Magic;
    /** Exclusive user count.
     * This is used to prevent two threads from accessing the handle concurrently.
     * It can be higher than 1 if this handle is reference multiple times in a
     * polling set (Windows). */
    uint32_t volatile   cUsers;
    /** The native socket handle. */
    RTSOCKETNATIVE      hNative;
    /** Indicates whether the handle has been closed or not. */
    bool volatile       fClosed;
    /** Indicates whether the socket is operating in blocking or non-blocking mode
     * currently. */
    bool                fBlocking;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    /** The event semaphore we've associated with the socket handle.
     * This is WSA_INVALID_EVENT if not done. */
    WSAEVENT            hEvent;
    /** The pollset currently polling this socket.  This is NIL if no one is
     * polling. */
    RTPOLLSET           hPollSet;
    /** The events we're polling for. */
    uint32_t            fPollEvts;
    /** The events we're currently subscribing to with WSAEventSelect.
     * This is ZERO if we're currently not subscribing to anything. */
    uint32_t            fSubscribedEvts;
    /** Saved events which are only posted once. */
    uint32_t            fEventsSaved;
#endif /* RT_OS_WINDOWS */
} RTSOCKETINT;


/**
 * Address union used internally for things like getpeername and getsockname.
 */
typedef union RTSOCKADDRUNION
{
    struct sockaddr     Addr;
    struct sockaddr_in  IPv4;
#ifdef IPRT_WITH_TCPIP_V6
    struct sockaddr_in6 IPv6;
#endif
} RTSOCKADDRUNION;


/**
 * Get the last error as an iprt status code.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 */
DECLINLINE(int) rtSocketError(void)
{
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    return RTErrConvertFromWin32(WSAGetLastError());
#else
    return RTErrConvertFromErrno(errno);
#endif
}


/**
 * Resets the last error.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) rtSocketErrorReset(void)
{
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    WSASetLastError(0);
#else
    errno = 0;
#endif
}


/**
 * Get the last resolver error as an iprt status code.
 *
 * @returns iprt status code.
 */
int rtSocketResolverError(void)
{
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    return RTErrConvertFromWin32(WSAGetLastError());
#else
    switch (h_errno)
    {
        case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
            return VERR_NET_HOST_NOT_FOUND;
        case NO_DATA:
            return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
        case NO_RECOVERY:
            return VERR_IO_GEN_FAILURE;
        case TRY_AGAIN:
            return VERR_TRY_AGAIN;

        default:
            return VERR_UNRESOLVED_ERROR;
    }
#endif
}


/**
 * Converts from a native socket address to a generic IPRT network address.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   pSrc                The source address.
 * @param   cbSrc               The size of the source address.
 * @param   pAddr               Where to return the generic IPRT network
 *                              address.
 */
static int rtSocketNetAddrFromAddr(RTSOCKADDRUNION const *pSrc, size_t cbSrc, PRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    /*
     * Convert the address.
     */
    if (   cbSrc == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
        && pSrc->Addr.sa_family == AF_INET)
    {
        RT_ZERO(*pAddr);
        pAddr->enmType      = RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV4;
        pAddr->uPort        = RT_N2H_U16(pSrc->IPv4.sin_port);
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv4.u = pSrc->IPv4.sin_addr.s_addr;
    }
#ifdef IPRT_WITH_TCPIP_V6
    else if (   cbSrc == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
             && pSrc->Addr.sa_family == AF_INET6)
    {
        RT_ZERO(*pAddr);
        pAddr->enmType            = RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV6;
        pAddr->uPort              = RT_N2H_U16(pSrc->IPv6.sin6_port);
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[0] = pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0];
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[1] = pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1];
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[2] = pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2];
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[3] = pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3];
    }
#endif
    else
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Converts from a generic IPRT network address to a native socket address.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   pAddr               Pointer to the generic IPRT network address.
 * @param   pDst                The source address.
 * @param   cbSrc               The size of the source address.
 * @param   pcbAddr             Where to store the size of the returned address.
 *                              Optional
 */
static int rtSocketAddrFromNetAddr(PCRTNETADDR pAddr, RTSOCKADDRUNION *pDst, size_t cbDst, int *pcbAddr)
{
    RT_BZERO(pDst, cbDst);
    if (   pAddr->enmType == RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV4
        && cbDst >= sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
    {
        pDst->Addr.sa_family       = AF_INET;
        pDst->IPv4.sin_port        = RT_H2N_U16(pAddr->uPort);
        pDst->IPv4.sin_addr.s_addr = pAddr->uAddr.IPv4.u;
        if (pcbAddr)
            *pcbAddr = sizeof(pDst->IPv4);
    }
#ifdef IPRT_WITH_TCPIP_V6
    else if (   pAddr->enmType == RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV6
             && cbDst >= sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
    {
        pDst->Addr.sa_family              = AF_INET6;
        pDst->IPv6.sin6_port              = RT_H2N_U16(pAddr->uPort);
        pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0] = pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[0];
        pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1] = pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[1];
        pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2] = pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[2];
        pSrc->IPv6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3] = pAddr->uAddr.IPv6.au32[3];
        if (pcbAddr)
            *pcbAddr = sizeof(pDst->IPv6);
    }
#endif
    else
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Tries to lock the socket for exclusive usage by the calling thread.
 *
 * Call rtSocketUnlock() to unlock.
 *
 * @returns @c true if locked, @c false if not.
 * @param   pThis               The socket structure.
 */
DECLINLINE(bool) rtSocketTryLock(RTSOCKETINT *pThis)
{
    return ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32(&pThis->cUsers, 1, 0);
}


/**
 * Unlocks the socket.
 *
 * @param   pThis               The socket structure.
 */
DECLINLINE(void) rtSocketUnlock(RTSOCKETINT *pThis)
{
    ASMAtomicCmpXchgU32(&pThis->cUsers, 0, 1);
}


/**
 * The slow path of rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode that does the actual switching.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   pThis               The socket structure.
 * @param   fBlocking           The desired mode of operation.
 * @remarks Do not call directly.
 */
static int rtSocketSwitchBlockingModeSlow(RTSOCKETINT *pThis, bool fBlocking)
{
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    u_long  uBlocking = fBlocking ? 0 : 1;
    if (ioctlsocket(pThis->hNative, FIONBIO, &uBlocking))
        return rtSocketError();

#else
    int     fFlags    = fcntl(pThis->hNative, F_GETFL, 0);
    if (fFlags == -1)
        return rtSocketError();

    if (fBlocking)
        fFlags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
    else
        fFlags |= O_NONBLOCK;
    if (fcntl(pThis->hNative, F_SETFL, fFlags) == -1)
       return rtSocketError();
#endif

    pThis->fBlocking = fBlocking;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Switches the socket to the desired blocking mode if necessary.
 *
 * The socket must be locked.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   pThis               The socket structure.
 * @param   fBlocking           The desired mode of operation.
 */
DECLINLINE(int) rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(RTSOCKETINT *pThis, bool fBlocking)
{
    if (pThis->fBlocking != fBlocking)
        return rtSocketSwitchBlockingModeSlow(pThis, fBlocking);
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/**
 * Creates an IPRT socket handle for a native one.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   ppSocket        Where to return the IPRT socket handle.
 * @param   hNative         The native handle.
 */
int rtSocketCreateForNative(RTSOCKETINT **ppSocket, RTSOCKETNATIVE hNative)
{
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = (RTSOCKETINT *)RTMemPoolAlloc(RTMEMPOOL_DEFAULT, sizeof(*pThis));
    if (!pThis)
        return VERR_NO_MEMORY;
    pThis->u32Magic         = RTSOCKET_MAGIC;
    pThis->cUsers           = 0;
    pThis->hNative          = hNative;
    pThis->fClosed          = false;
    pThis->fBlocking        = true;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    pThis->hEvent           = WSA_INVALID_EVENT;
    pThis->hPollSet         = NIL_RTPOLLSET;
    pThis->fPollEvts        = 0;
    pThis->fSubscribedEvts  = 0;
#endif
    *ppSocket = pThis;
    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketFromNative(PRTSOCKET phSocket, RTHCINTPTR uNative)
{
    AssertReturn(uNative != NIL_RTSOCKETNATIVE, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
#ifndef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    AssertReturn(uNative >= 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
#endif
    AssertPtrReturn(phSocket, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    return rtSocketCreateForNative(phSocket, uNative);
}


/**
 * Wrapper around socket().
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   phSocket            Where to store the handle to the socket on
 *                              success.
 * @param   iDomain             The protocol family (PF_XXX).
 * @param   iType               The socket type (SOCK_XXX).
 * @param   iProtocol           Socket parameter, usually 0.
 */
int rtSocketCreate(PRTSOCKET phSocket, int iDomain, int iType, int iProtocol)
{
    /*
     * Create the socket.
     */
    RTSOCKETNATIVE hNative = socket(iDomain, iType, iProtocol);
    if (hNative == NIL_RTSOCKETNATIVE)
        return rtSocketError();

    /*
     * Wrap it.
     */
    int rc = rtSocketCreateForNative(phSocket, hNative);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
        closesocket(hNative);
#else
        close(hNative);
#endif
    }
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(uint32_t) RTSocketRetain(RTSOCKET hSocket)
{
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, UINT32_MAX);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, UINT32_MAX);
    return RTMemPoolRetain(pThis);
}


/**
 * Worker for RTSocketRelease and RTSocketClose.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   pThis               The socket handle instance data.
 * @param   fDestroy            Whether we're reaching ref count zero.
 */
static int rtSocketCloseIt(RTSOCKETINT *pThis, bool fDestroy)
{
    /*
     * Invalidate the handle structure on destroy.
     */
    if (fDestroy)
    {
        Assert(ASMAtomicReadU32(&pThis->u32Magic) == RTSOCKET_MAGIC);
        ASMAtomicWriteU32(&pThis->u32Magic, RTSOCKET_MAGIC_DEAD);
    }

    int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    if (ASMAtomicCmpXchgBool(&pThis->fClosed, true, false))
    {
        /*
         * Close the native handle.
         */
        RTSOCKETNATIVE hNative = pThis->hNative;
        if (hNative != NIL_RTSOCKETNATIVE)
        {
            pThis->hNative = NIL_RTSOCKETNATIVE;

#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
            if (closesocket(hNative))
#else
            if (close(hNative))
#endif
            {
                rc = rtSocketError();
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
                AssertMsgFailed(("\"%s\": closesocket(%p) -> %Rrc\n", (uintptr_t)hNative, rc));
#else
                AssertMsgFailed(("\"%s\": close(%d) -> %Rrc\n", hNative, rc));
#endif
            }
        }

#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
        /*
         * Close the event.
         */
        WSAEVENT hEvent = pThis->hEvent;
        if (hEvent == WSA_INVALID_EVENT)
        {
            pThis->hEvent = WSA_INVALID_EVENT;
            WSACloseEvent(hEvent);
        }
#endif
    }

    return rc;
}


RTDECL(uint32_t) RTSocketRelease(RTSOCKET hSocket)
{
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    if (pThis == NIL_RTSOCKET)
        return 0;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, UINT32_MAX);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, UINT32_MAX);

    /* get the refcount without killing it... */
    uint32_t cRefs = RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis);
    AssertReturn(cRefs != UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX);
    if (cRefs == 1)
        rtSocketCloseIt(pThis, true);

    return RTMemPoolRelease(RTMEMPOOL_DEFAULT, pThis);
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketClose(RTSOCKET hSocket)
{
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    if (pThis == NIL_RTSOCKET)
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    uint32_t cRefs = RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis);
    AssertReturn(cRefs != UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX);

    int rc = rtSocketCloseIt(pThis, cRefs == 1);

    RTMemPoolRelease(RTMEMPOOL_DEFAULT, pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(RTHCUINTPTR) RTSocketToNative(RTSOCKET hSocket)
{
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, RTHCUINTPTR_MAX);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, RTHCUINTPTR_MAX);
    return (RTHCUINTPTR)pThis->hNative;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSetInheritance(RTSOCKET hSocket, bool fInheritable)
{
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis) >= (pThis->cUsers ? 2U : 1U), VERR_CALLER_NO_REFERENCE);

    int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    if (!SetHandleInformation((HANDLE)pThis->hNative, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, fInheritable ? HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT : 0))
        rc = RTErrConvertFromWin32(GetLastError());
#else
    if (fcntl(pThis->hNative, F_SETFD, fInheritable ? 0 : FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
        rc = RTErrConvertFromErrno(errno);
#endif

    return rc;
}


static bool rtSocketIsIPv4Numerical(const char *pszAddress, PRTNETADDRIPV4 pAddr)
{

    /* Empty address resolves to the INADDR_ANY address (good for bind). */
    if (!pszAddress || !*pszAddress)
    {
        pAddr->u = INADDR_ANY;
        return true;
    }

    /* Four quads? */
    char *psz = (char *)pszAddress;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
        uint8_t u8;
        int rc = RTStrToUInt8Ex(psz, &psz, 0, &u8);
        if (rc != VINF_SUCCESS && rc != VWRN_TRAILING_CHARS)
            return false;
        if (*psz != (i < 3 ? '.' : '\0'))
            return false;
        psz++;

        pAddr->au8[i] = u8;             /* big endian */
    }

    return true;
}

RTDECL(int) RTSocketParseInetAddress(const char *pszAddress, unsigned uPort, PRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    int rc;

    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    AssertReturn(uPort > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertPtrNullReturn(pszAddress, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);

#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    /*
     * Initialize WinSock and check version.
     */
    WORD    wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
    WSADATA wsaData;
    rc = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (wsaData.wVersion != wVersionRequested)
    {
        AssertMsgFailed(("Wrong winsock version\n"));
        return VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Resolve the address. Pretty crude at the moment, but we have to make
     * sure to not ask the NT 4 gethostbyname about an IPv4 address as it may
     * give a wrong answer.
     */
    /** @todo this only supports IPv4, and IPv6 support needs to be added.
     * It probably needs to be converted to getaddrinfo(). */
    RTNETADDRIPV4 IPv4Quad;
    if (rtSocketIsIPv4Numerical(pszAddress, &IPv4Quad))
    {
        Log3(("rtSocketIsIPv4Numerical: %#x (%RTnaipv4)\n", pszAddress, IPv4Quad.u, IPv4Quad));
        RT_ZERO(*pAddr);
        pAddr->enmType      = RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV4;
        pAddr->uPort        = uPort;
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv4   = IPv4Quad;
        return VINF_SUCCESS;
    }

    struct hostent *pHostEnt;
    pHostEnt = gethostbyname(pszAddress);
    if (!pHostEnt)
    {
        rc = rtSocketResolverError();
        AssertMsgFailed(("Could not resolve '%s', rc=%Rrc\n", pszAddress, rc));
        return rc;
    }

    if (pHostEnt->h_addrtype == AF_INET)
    {
        RT_ZERO(*pAddr);
        pAddr->enmType      = RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV4;
        pAddr->uPort        = uPort;
        pAddr->uAddr.IPv4.u = ((struct in_addr *)pHostEnt->h_addr)->s_addr;
        Log3(("gethostbyname: %s -> %#x (%RTnaipv4)\n", pszAddress, pAddr->uAddr.IPv4.u, pAddr->uAddr.IPv4));
    }
    else
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;

    return VINF_SUCCESS;
}


/*
 * New function to allow both ipv4 and ipv6 addresses to be resolved.
 * Breaks compatibility with windows before 2000.
 */
RTDECL(int) RTSocketQueryAddressStr(const char *pszHost, char *pszResult, size_t *pcbResult, PRTNETADDRTYPE penmAddrType)
{
    AssertPtrReturn(pszHost, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertPtrReturn(pcbResult, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertPtrNullReturn(penmAddrType, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertPtrNullReturn(pszResult, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);

#if defined(RT_OS_OS2) || defined(RT_OS_WINDOWS) /** @todo dynamically resolve the APIs not present in NT4! */
    return VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;

#else
    int rc;
    if (*pcbResult < 16)
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_NOT_AVAILABLE;

    /* Setup the hint. */
    struct addrinfo grHints;
    RT_ZERO(grHints);
    grHints.ai_socktype = 0;
    grHints.ai_flags    = 0;
    grHints.ai_protocol = 0;
    grHints.ai_family   = AF_UNSPEC;
    if (penmAddrType)
    {
        switch (*penmAddrType)
        {
            case RTNETADDRTYPE_INVALID:
                /*grHints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;*/
                break;
            case RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV4:
                grHints.ai_family = AF_INET;
                break;
            case RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV6:
                grHints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
                break;
            default:
                AssertFailedReturn(VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
        }
    }

# ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    /*
     * Winsock2 init
     */
    /** @todo someone should check if we really need 2, 2 here */
    WORD    wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    WSADATA wsaData;
    rc = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (wsaData.wVersion != wVersionRequested)
    {
        AssertMsgFailed(("Wrong winsock version\n"));
        return VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
# endif

    /** @todo r=bird: getaddrinfo and freeaddrinfo breaks the additions on NT4. */
    struct addrinfo *pgrResults = NULL;
    rc = getaddrinfo(pszHost, "", &grHints, &pgrResults);
    if (rc != 0)
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_NOT_AVAILABLE;

    // return data
    // on multiple matches return only the first one

    if (!pgrResults)
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_NOT_AVAILABLE;

    struct addrinfo const *pgrResult = pgrResults->ai_next;
    if (!pgrResult)
    {
        freeaddrinfo(pgrResults);
        return VERR_NET_ADDRESS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }

    uint8_t const  *pbDummy;
    RTNETADDRTYPE   enmAddrType = RTNETADDRTYPE_INVALID;
    size_t          cchIpAddress;
    char            szIpAddress[48];
    if (pgrResult->ai_family == AF_INET)
    {
        struct sockaddr_in const *pgrSa = (struct sockaddr_in const *)pgrResult->ai_addr;
        pbDummy = (uint8_t const *)&pgrSa->sin_addr;
        cchIpAddress = RTStrPrintf(szIpAddress, sizeof(szIpAddress), "%u.%u.%u.%u",
                                   pbDummy[0], pbDummy[1], pbDummy[2], pbDummy[3]);
        Assert(cchIpAddress >= 7 && cchIpAddress < sizeof(szIpAddress) - 1);
        enmAddrType = RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV4;
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else if (pgrResult->ai_family == AF_INET6)
    {
        struct sockaddr_in6 const *pgrSa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 const *)pgrResult->ai_addr;
        pbDummy = (uint8_t const *) &pgrSa6->sin6_addr;
        char szTmp[32+1];
        size_t cchTmp = RTStrPrintf(szTmp, sizeof(szTmp),
                                    "%02x%02x%02x%02x"
                                    "%02x%02x%02x%02x"
                                    "%02x%02x%02x%02x"
                                    "%02x%02x%02x%02x",
                                    pbDummy[0],  pbDummy[1],  pbDummy[2],  pbDummy[3],
                                    pbDummy[4],  pbDummy[5],  pbDummy[6],  pbDummy[7],
                                    pbDummy[8],  pbDummy[9],  pbDummy[10], pbDummy[11],
                                    pbDummy[12], pbDummy[13], pbDummy[14], pbDummy[15]);
        Assert(cchTmp == 32);
        rc = rtStrToIpAddr6Str(szTmp, szIpAddress, sizeof(szIpAddress), NULL, 0, true);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            cchIpAddress = strlen(szIpAddress);
        else
        {
            szIpAddress[0] = '\0';
            cchIpAddress = 0;
        }
        enmAddrType = RTNETADDRTYPE_IPV6;
    }
    else
    {
        rc = VERR_NET_ADDRESS_NOT_AVAILABLE;
        szIpAddress[0] = '\0';
        cchIpAddress = 0;
    }
    freeaddrinfo(pgrResults);

    /*
     * Copy out the result.
     */
    size_t const cbResult = *pcbResult;
    *pcbResult = cchIpAddress + 1;
    if (cchIpAddress < cbResult)
        memcpy(pszResult, szIpAddress, cchIpAddress + 1);
    else
    {
        RT_BZERO(pszResult, cbResult);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            rc = VERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
    }
    if (penmAddrType && RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        *penmAddrType = enmAddrType;
    return rc;
#endif /* !RT_OS_OS2 */
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketRead(RTSOCKET hSocket, void *pvBuffer, size_t cbBuffer, size_t *pcbRead)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(cbBuffer > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertPtr(pvBuffer);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, true /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /*
     * Read loop.
     * If pcbRead is NULL we have to fill the entire buffer!
     */
    size_t  cbRead   = 0;
    size_t  cbToRead = cbBuffer;
    for (;;)
    {
        rtSocketErrorReset();
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
        int    cbNow = cbToRead >= INT_MAX/2 ? INT_MAX/2 : (int)cbToRead;
#else
        size_t cbNow = cbToRead;
#endif
        ssize_t cbBytesRead = recv(pThis->hNative, (char *)pvBuffer + cbRead, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
        if (cbBytesRead <= 0)
        {
            rc = rtSocketError();
            Assert(RT_FAILURE_NP(rc) || cbBytesRead == 0);
            if (RT_SUCCESS_NP(rc))
            {
                if (!pcbRead)
                    rc = VERR_NET_SHUTDOWN;
                else
                {
                    *pcbRead = 0;
                    rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        if (pcbRead)
        {
            /* return partial data */
            *pcbRead = cbBytesRead;
            break;
        }

        /* read more? */
        cbRead += cbBytesRead;
        if (cbRead == cbBuffer)
            break;

        /* next */
        cbToRead = cbBuffer - cbRead;
    }

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketReadFrom(RTSOCKET hSocket, void *pvBuffer, size_t cbBuffer, size_t *pcbRead, PRTNETADDR pSrcAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(cbBuffer > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertPtr(pvBuffer);
    AssertPtr(pcbRead);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, true /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /*
     * Read data.
     */
    size_t  cbRead   = 0;
    size_t  cbToRead = cbBuffer;
    rtSocketErrorReset();
    RTSOCKADDRUNION u;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int       cbNow  = cbToRead >= INT_MAX/2 ? INT_MAX/2 : (int)cbToRead;
    int       cbAddr = sizeof(u);
#else
    size_t    cbNow  = cbToRead;
    socklen_t cbAddr = sizeof(u);
#endif
    ssize_t cbBytesRead = recvfrom(pThis->hNative, (char *)pvBuffer + cbRead, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL, &u.Addr, &cbAddr);
    if (cbBytesRead <= 0)
    {
        rc = rtSocketError();
        Assert(RT_FAILURE_NP(rc) || cbBytesRead == 0);
        if (RT_SUCCESS_NP(rc))
        {
            *pcbRead = 0;
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (pSrcAddr)
            rc = rtSocketNetAddrFromAddr(&u, cbAddr, pSrcAddr);
        *pcbRead = cbBytesRead;
    }

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketWrite(RTSOCKET hSocket, const void *pvBuffer, size_t cbBuffer)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, true /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /*
     * Try write all at once.
     */
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int     cbNow     = cbBuffer >= INT_MAX / 2 ? INT_MAX / 2 : (int)cbBuffer;
#else
    size_t  cbNow     = cbBuffer >= SSIZE_MAX   ? SSIZE_MAX   :      cbBuffer;
#endif
    ssize_t cbWritten = send(pThis->hNative, (const char *)pvBuffer, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
    if (RT_LIKELY((size_t)cbWritten == cbBuffer && cbWritten >= 0))
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    else if (cbWritten < 0)
        rc = rtSocketError();
    else
    {
        /*
         * Unfinished business, write the remainder of the request.  Must ignore
         * VERR_INTERRUPTED here if we've managed to send something.
         */
        size_t cbSentSoFar = 0;
        for (;;)
        {
            /* advance */
            cbBuffer    -= (size_t)cbWritten;
            if (!cbBuffer)
                break;
            cbSentSoFar += (size_t)cbWritten;
            pvBuffer     = (char const *)pvBuffer + cbWritten;

            /* send */
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
            cbNow = cbBuffer >= INT_MAX / 2 ? INT_MAX / 2 : (int)cbBuffer;
#else
            cbNow = cbBuffer >= SSIZE_MAX   ? SSIZE_MAX   :      cbBuffer;
#endif
            cbWritten = send(pThis->hNative, (const char *)pvBuffer, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
            if (cbWritten >= 0)
                AssertMsg(cbBuffer >= (size_t)cbWritten, ("Wrote more than we requested!!! cbWritten=%zu cbBuffer=%zu rtSocketError()=%d\n",
                                                          cbWritten, cbBuffer, rtSocketError()));
            else
            {
                rc = rtSocketError();
                if (rc != VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR || cbSentSoFar == 0)
                    break;
                cbWritten = 0;
                rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
            }
        }
    }

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketWriteTo(RTSOCKET hSocket, const void *pvBuffer, size_t cbBuffer, PCRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    /* no locking since UDP reads may be done concurrently to writes, and
     * this is the normal use case of this code. */

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, true /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /* Figure out destination address. */
    struct sockaddr *pSA = NULL;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int cbSA = 0;
#else
    socklen_t cbSA = 0;
#endif
    RTSOCKADDRUNION u;
    if (pAddr)
    {
        rc = rtSocketAddrFromNetAddr(pAddr, &u, sizeof(u), NULL);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            return rc;
        pSA = &u.Addr;
        cbSA = sizeof(u);
    }

    /*
     * Must write all at once, otherwise it is a failure.
     */
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int     cbNow     = cbBuffer >= INT_MAX / 2 ? INT_MAX / 2 : (int)cbBuffer;
#else
    size_t  cbNow     = cbBuffer >= SSIZE_MAX   ? SSIZE_MAX   :      cbBuffer;
#endif
    ssize_t cbWritten = sendto(pThis->hNative, (const char *)pvBuffer, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL, pSA, cbSA);
    if (RT_LIKELY((size_t)cbWritten == cbBuffer && cbWritten >= 0))
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    else if (cbWritten < 0)
        rc = rtSocketError();
    else
        rc = VERR_TOO_MUCH_DATA;

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSgWrite(RTSOCKET hSocket, PCRTSGBUF pSgBuf)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertPtrReturn(pSgBuf, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(pSgBuf->cSegs > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, true /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    /*
     * Construct message descriptor (translate pSgBuf) and send it.
     */
    rc = VERR_NO_TMP_MEMORY;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    AssertCompileSize(WSABUF, sizeof(RTSGSEG));
    AssertCompileMemberSize(WSABUF, buf, RT_SIZEOFMEMB(RTSGSEG, pvSeg));

    LPWSABUF paMsg = (LPWSABUF)RTMemTmpAllocZ(pSgBuf->cSegs * sizeof(WSABUF));
    if (paMsg)
    {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < pSgBuf->cSegs; i++)
        {
            paMsg[i].buf = (char *)pSgBuf->paSegs[i].pvSeg;
            paMsg[i].len = (u_long)pSgBuf->paSegs[i].cbSeg;
        }

        DWORD dwSent;
        int hrc = WSASend(pThis->hNative, paMsg, pSgBuf->cSegs, &dwSent,
                          MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, NULL);
        if (!hrc)
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
/** @todo check for incomplete writes */
        else
            rc = rtSocketError();

        RTMemTmpFree(paMsg);
    }

#else  /* !RT_OS_WINDOWS */
    AssertCompileSize(struct iovec, sizeof(RTSGSEG));
    AssertCompileMemberSize(struct iovec, iov_base, RT_SIZEOFMEMB(RTSGSEG, pvSeg));
    AssertCompileMemberSize(struct iovec, iov_len,  RT_SIZEOFMEMB(RTSGSEG, cbSeg));

    struct iovec *paMsg = (struct iovec *)RTMemTmpAllocZ(pSgBuf->cSegs * sizeof(struct iovec));
    if (paMsg)
    {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < pSgBuf->cSegs; i++)
        {
            paMsg[i].iov_base = pSgBuf->paSegs[i].pvSeg;
            paMsg[i].iov_len  = pSgBuf->paSegs[i].cbSeg;
        }

        struct msghdr msgHdr;
        RT_ZERO(msgHdr);
        msgHdr.msg_iov    = paMsg;
        msgHdr.msg_iovlen = pSgBuf->cSegs;
        ssize_t cbWritten = sendmsg(pThis->hNative, &msgHdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
        if (RT_LIKELY(cbWritten >= 0))
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
/** @todo check for incomplete writes */
        else
            rc = rtSocketError();

        RTMemTmpFree(paMsg);
    }
#endif /* !RT_OS_WINDOWS */

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSgWriteL(RTSOCKET hSocket, size_t cSegs, ...)
{
    va_list va;
    va_start(va, cSegs);
    int rc = RTSocketSgWriteLV(hSocket, cSegs, va);
    va_end(va);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSgWriteLV(RTSOCKET hSocket, size_t cSegs, va_list va)
{
    /*
     * Set up a S/G segment array + buffer on the stack and pass it
     * on to RTSocketSgWrite.
     */
    Assert(cSegs <= 16);
    PRTSGSEG paSegs = (PRTSGSEG)alloca(cSegs * sizeof(RTSGSEG));
    AssertReturn(paSegs, VERR_NO_TMP_MEMORY);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < cSegs; i++)
    {
        paSegs[i].pvSeg = va_arg(va, void *);
        paSegs[i].cbSeg = va_arg(va, size_t);
    }

    RTSGBUF SgBuf;
    RTSgBufInit(&SgBuf, paSegs, cSegs);
    return RTSocketSgWrite(hSocket, &SgBuf);
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketReadNB(RTSOCKET hSocket, void *pvBuffer, size_t cbBuffer, size_t *pcbRead)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(cbBuffer > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertPtr(pvBuffer);
    AssertPtrReturn(pcbRead, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, false /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    rtSocketErrorReset();
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int cbNow = cbBuffer >= INT_MAX/2 ? INT_MAX/2 : (int)cbBuffer;

    int cbRead = recv(pThis->hNative, (char *)pvBuffer, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
    if (cbRead >= 0)
    {
        *pcbRead = cbRead;
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    if (rc == VERR_TRY_AGAIN)
        rc = VINF_TRY_AGAIN;
#else
    ssize_t cbRead = recv(pThis->hNative, pvBuffer, cbBuffer, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
    if (cbRead >= 0)
        *pcbRead = cbRead;
    else if (errno == EAGAIN)
    {
        *pcbRead = 0;
        rc = VINF_TRY_AGAIN;
    }
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();
#endif

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketWriteNB(RTSOCKET hSocket, const void *pvBuffer, size_t cbBuffer, size_t *pcbWritten)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertPtrReturn(pcbWritten, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, false /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    rtSocketErrorReset();
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int cbNow = RT_MIN((int)cbBuffer, INT_MAX/2);

    int cbWritten = send(pThis->hNative, (const char *)pvBuffer, cbNow, MSG_NOSIGNAL);

    if (cbWritten >= 0)
    {
        *pcbWritten = cbWritten;
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    if (rc == VERR_TRY_AGAIN)
        rc = VINF_TRY_AGAIN;
#else
    ssize_t cbWritten = send(pThis->hNative, pvBuffer, cbBuffer, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
    if (cbWritten >= 0)
        *pcbWritten = cbWritten;
    else if (errno == EAGAIN)
    {
        *pcbWritten = 0;
        rc = VINF_TRY_AGAIN;
    }
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();
#endif

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSgWriteNB(RTSOCKET hSocket, PCRTSGBUF pSgBuf, size_t *pcbWritten)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertPtrReturn(pSgBuf, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertPtrReturn(pcbWritten, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(pSgBuf->cSegs > 0, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = rtSocketSwitchBlockingMode(pThis, false /* fBlocking */);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    unsigned cSegsToSend = 0;
    rc = VERR_NO_TMP_MEMORY;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    LPWSABUF paMsg = NULL;

    RTSgBufMapToNative(paMsg, pSgBuf, WSABUF, buf, char *, len, u_long, cSegsToSend);
    if (paMsg)
    {
        DWORD dwSent = 0;
        int hrc = WSASend(pThis->hNative, paMsg, cSegsToSend, &dwSent,
                          MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, NULL);
        if (!hrc)
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
        else
            rc = rtSocketError();

        *pcbWritten = dwSent;

        RTMemTmpFree(paMsg);
    }

#else  /* !RT_OS_WINDOWS */
    struct iovec *paMsg = NULL;

    RTSgBufMapToNative(paMsg, pSgBuf, struct iovec, iov_base, void *, iov_len, size_t, cSegsToSend);
    if (paMsg)
    {
        struct msghdr msgHdr;
        RT_ZERO(msgHdr);
        msgHdr.msg_iov    = paMsg;
        msgHdr.msg_iovlen = cSegsToSend;
        ssize_t cbWritten = sendmsg(pThis->hNative, &msgHdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
        if (RT_LIKELY(cbWritten >= 0))
        {
            rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
            *pcbWritten = cbWritten;
        }
        else
            rc = rtSocketError();

        RTMemTmpFree(paMsg);
    }
#endif /* !RT_OS_WINDOWS */

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSgWriteLNB(RTSOCKET hSocket, size_t cSegs, size_t *pcbWritten, ...)
{
    va_list va;
    va_start(va, pcbWritten);
    int rc = RTSocketSgWriteLVNB(hSocket, cSegs, pcbWritten, va);
    va_end(va);
    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSgWriteLVNB(RTSOCKET hSocket, size_t cSegs, size_t *pcbWritten, va_list va)
{
    /*
     * Set up a S/G segment array + buffer on the stack and pass it
     * on to RTSocketSgWrite.
     */
    Assert(cSegs <= 16);
    PRTSGSEG paSegs = (PRTSGSEG)alloca(cSegs * sizeof(RTSGSEG));
    AssertReturn(paSegs, VERR_NO_TMP_MEMORY);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < cSegs; i++)
    {
        paSegs[i].pvSeg = va_arg(va, void *);
        paSegs[i].cbSeg = va_arg(va, size_t);
    }

    RTSGBUF SgBuf;
    RTSgBufInit(&SgBuf, paSegs, cSegs);
    return RTSocketSgWriteNB(hSocket, &SgBuf, pcbWritten);
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSelectOne(RTSOCKET hSocket, RTMSINTERVAL cMillies)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis) >= (pThis->cUsers ? 2U : 1U), VERR_CALLER_NO_REFERENCE);
    int const fdMax = (int)pThis->hNative + 1;
    AssertReturn(fdMax - 1 == pThis->hNative, VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_5);

    /*
     * Set up the file descriptor sets and do the select.
     */
    fd_set fdsetR;
    FD_ZERO(&fdsetR);
    FD_SET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetR);

    fd_set fdsetE = fdsetR;

    int rc;
    if (cMillies == RT_INDEFINITE_WAIT)
        rc = select(fdMax, &fdsetR, NULL, &fdsetE, NULL);
    else
    {
        struct timeval timeout;
        timeout.tv_sec = cMillies / 1000;
        timeout.tv_usec = (cMillies % 1000) * 1000;
        rc = select(fdMax, &fdsetR, NULL, &fdsetE, &timeout);
    }
    if (rc > 0)
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    else if (rc == 0)
        rc = VERR_TIMEOUT;
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketSelectOneEx(RTSOCKET hSocket, uint32_t fEvents, uint32_t *pfEvents,
                                RTMSINTERVAL cMillies)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertPtrReturn(pfEvents, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(!(fEvents & ~RTSOCKET_EVT_VALID_MASK), VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    AssertReturn(RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis) >= (pThis->cUsers ? 2U : 1U), VERR_CALLER_NO_REFERENCE);
    int const fdMax = (int)pThis->hNative + 1;
    AssertReturn(fdMax - 1 == pThis->hNative, VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_5);

    *pfEvents = 0;

    /*
     * Set up the file descriptor sets and do the select.
     */
    fd_set fdsetR;
    fd_set fdsetW;
    fd_set fdsetE;
    FD_ZERO(&fdsetR);
    FD_ZERO(&fdsetW);
    FD_ZERO(&fdsetE);

    if (fEvents & RTSOCKET_EVT_READ)
        FD_SET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetR);
    if (fEvents & RTSOCKET_EVT_WRITE)
        FD_SET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetW);
    if (fEvents & RTSOCKET_EVT_ERROR)
        FD_SET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetE);

    int rc;
    if (cMillies == RT_INDEFINITE_WAIT)
        rc = select(fdMax, &fdsetR, &fdsetW, &fdsetE, NULL);
    else
    {
        struct timeval timeout;
        timeout.tv_sec = cMillies / 1000;
        timeout.tv_usec = (cMillies % 1000) * 1000;
        rc = select(fdMax, &fdsetR, &fdsetW, &fdsetE, &timeout);
    }
    if (rc > 0)
    {
        if (FD_ISSET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetR))
            *pfEvents |= RTSOCKET_EVT_READ;
        if (FD_ISSET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetW))
            *pfEvents |= RTSOCKET_EVT_WRITE;
        if (FD_ISSET(pThis->hNative, &fdsetE))
            *pfEvents |= RTSOCKET_EVT_ERROR;

        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else if (rc == 0)
        rc = VERR_TIMEOUT;
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketShutdown(RTSOCKET hSocket, bool fRead, bool fWrite)
{
    /*
     * Validate input, don't lock it because we might want to interrupt a call
     * active on a different thread.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis) >= (pThis->cUsers ? 2U : 1U), VERR_CALLER_NO_REFERENCE);
    AssertReturn(fRead || fWrite, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);

    /*
     * Do the job.
     */
    int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    int fHow;
    if (fRead && fWrite)
        fHow = SHUT_RDWR;
    else if (fRead)
        fHow = SHUT_RD;
    else
        fHow = SHUT_WR;
    if (shutdown(pThis->hNative, fHow) == -1)
        rc = rtSocketError();

    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketGetLocalAddress(RTSOCKET hSocket, PRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis) >= (pThis->cUsers ? 2U : 1U), VERR_CALLER_NO_REFERENCE);

    /*
     * Get the address and convert it.
     */
    int             rc;
    RTSOCKADDRUNION u;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int             cbAddr = sizeof(u);
#else
    socklen_t       cbAddr = sizeof(u);
#endif
    RT_ZERO(u);
    if (getsockname(pThis->hNative, &u.Addr, &cbAddr) == 0)
        rc = rtSocketNetAddrFromAddr(&u, cbAddr, pAddr);
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    return rc;
}


RTDECL(int) RTSocketGetPeerAddress(RTSOCKET hSocket, PRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(RTMemPoolRefCount(pThis) >= (pThis->cUsers ? 2U : 1U), VERR_CALLER_NO_REFERENCE);

    /*
     * Get the address and convert it.
     */
    int             rc;
    RTSOCKADDRUNION u;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int             cbAddr = sizeof(u);
#else
    socklen_t       cbAddr = sizeof(u);
#endif
    RT_ZERO(u);
    if (getpeername(pThis->hNative, &u.Addr, &cbAddr) == 0)
        rc = rtSocketNetAddrFromAddr(&u, cbAddr, pAddr);
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    return rc;
}



/**
 * Wrapper around bind.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   hSocket             The socket handle.
 * @param   pAddr               The address to bind to.
 */
int rtSocketBind(RTSOCKET hSocket, PCRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    RTSOCKADDRUNION u;
    int             cbAddr;
    int rc = rtSocketAddrFromNetAddr(pAddr, &u, sizeof(u), &cbAddr);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        if (bind(pThis->hNative, &u.Addr, cbAddr) != 0)
            rc = rtSocketError();
    }

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Wrapper around listen.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   hSocket             The socket handle.
 * @param   cMaxPending         The max number of pending connections.
 */
int rtSocketListen(RTSOCKET hSocket, int cMaxPending)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    if (listen(pThis->hNative, cMaxPending) != 0)
        rc = rtSocketError();

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Wrapper around accept.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   hSocket             The socket handle.
 * @param   phClient            Where to return the client socket handle on
 *                              success.
 * @param   pAddr               Where to return the client address.
 * @param   pcbAddr             On input this gives the size buffer size of what
 *                              @a pAddr point to.  On return this contains the
 *                              size of what's stored at @a pAddr.
 */
int rtSocketAccept(RTSOCKET hSocket, PRTSOCKET phClient, struct sockaddr *pAddr, size_t *pcbAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     * Only lock the socket temporarily while we get the native handle, so that
     * we can safely shutdown and destroy the socket from a different thread.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    /*
     * Call accept().
     */
    rtSocketErrorReset();
    int         rc      = VINF_SUCCESS;
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    int         cbAddr  = (int)*pcbAddr;
#else
    socklen_t   cbAddr  = *pcbAddr;
#endif
    RTSOCKETNATIVE hNativeClient = accept(pThis->hNative, pAddr, &cbAddr);
    if (hNativeClient != NIL_RTSOCKETNATIVE)
    {
        *pcbAddr = cbAddr;

        /*
         * Wrap the client socket.
         */
        rc = rtSocketCreateForNative(phClient, hNativeClient);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        {
#ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
            closesocket(hNativeClient);
#else
            close(hNativeClient);
#endif
        }
    }
    else
        rc = rtSocketError();

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Wrapper around connect.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   hSocket             The socket handle.
 * @param   pAddr               The socket address to connect to.
 */
int rtSocketConnect(RTSOCKET hSocket, PCRTNETADDR pAddr)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(pThis->u32Magic == RTSOCKET_MAGIC, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    AssertReturn(rtSocketTryLock(pThis), VERR_CONCURRENT_ACCESS);

    RTSOCKADDRUNION u;
    int             cbAddr;
    int rc = rtSocketAddrFromNetAddr(pAddr, &u, sizeof(u), &cbAddr);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        if (connect(pThis->hNative, &u.Addr, cbAddr) != 0)
            rc = rtSocketError();
    }

    rtSocketUnlock(pThis);
    return rc;
}


/**
 * Wrapper around setsockopt.
 *
 * @returns IPRT status code.
 * @param   hSocket             The socket handle.
 * @param   iLevel              The protocol level, e.g. IPPORTO_TCP.
 * @param   iOption             The option, e.g. TCP_NODELAY.
 * @param   pvValue             The value buffer.
 * @param   cbValue             The size of the value pointed to by pvValue.
 */
int rtSocketSetOpt(RTSOCKET hSocket, int iLevel, int iOption, void const *pvValue, int cbValue)
{
    /*
     * Validate input.
     */
    RTSOCKETINT *pThis = hSocket;
    AssertPtrReturn(pThis, VERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
…