/development/samples/SampleSyncAdapter/src/com/example/android/samplesync/client/NetworkUtilities.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.example.android.samplesync.client;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import android.accounts.Account;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Provides utility methods for communicating with the server.
 */
final public class NetworkUtilities {
    /** The tag used to log to adb console. */
    private static final String TAG = "NetworkUtilities";
    /** POST parameter name for the user's account name */
    public static final String PARAM_USERNAME = "username";
    /** POST parameter name for the user's password */
    public static final String PARAM_PASSWORD = "password";
    /** POST parameter name for the user's authentication token */
    public static final String PARAM_AUTH_TOKEN = "authtoken";
    /** POST parameter name for the client's last-known sync state */
    public static final String PARAM_SYNC_STATE = "syncstate";
    /** POST parameter name for the sending client-edited contact info */
    public static final String PARAM_CONTACTS_DATA = "contacts";
    /** Timeout (in ms) we specify for each http request */
    public static final int HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 30 * 1000;
    /** Base URL for the v2 Sample Sync Service */
    public static final String BASE_URL = "https://samplesyncadapter2.appspot.com";
    /** URI for authentication service */
    public static final String AUTH_URI = BASE_URL + "/auth";
    /** URI for sync service */
    public static final String SYNC_CONTACTS_URI = BASE_URL + "/sync";

    private NetworkUtilities() {
    }

    /**
     * Configures the httpClient to connect to the URL provided.
     */
    public static HttpClient getHttpClient() {
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        final HttpParams params = httpClient.getParams();
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
        ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
        return httpClient;
    }

    /**
     * Connects to the SampleSync test server, authenticates the provided
     * username and password.
     *
     * @param username The server account username
     * @param password The server account password
     * @return String The authentication token returned by the server (or null)
     */
    public static String authenticate(String username, String password) {

        final HttpResponse resp;
        final ArrayList<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(PARAM_USERNAME, username));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(PARAM_PASSWORD, password));
        final HttpEntity entity;
        try {
            entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params);
        } catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // this should never happen.
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "Authenticating to: " + AUTH_URI);
        final HttpPost post = new HttpPost(AUTH_URI);
        post.addHeader(entity.getContentType());
        post.setEntity(entity);
        try {
            resp = getHttpClient().execute(post);
            String authToken = null;
            if (resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                InputStream istream = (resp.getEntity() != null) ? resp.getEntity().getContent()
                        : null;
                if (istream != null) {
                    BufferedReader ireader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(istream));
                    authToken = ireader.readLine().trim();
                }
            }
            if ((authToken != null) && (authToken.length() > 0)) {
                Log.v(TAG, "Successful authentication");
                return authToken;
            } else {
                Log.e(TAG, "Error authenticating" + resp.getStatusLine());
                return null;
            }
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "IOException when getting authtoken", e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            Log.v(TAG, "getAuthtoken completing");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Perform 2-way sync with the server-side contacts. We send a request that
     * includes all the locally-dirty contacts so that the server can process
     * those changes, and we receive (and return) a list of contacts that were
     * updated on the server-side that need to be updated locally.
     *
     * @param account The account being synced
     * @param authtoken The authtoken stored in the AccountManager for this
     *            account
     * @param serverSyncState A token returned from the server on the last sync
     * @param dirtyContacts A list of the contacts to send to the server
     * @return A list of contacts that we need to update locally
     */
    public static List<RawContact> syncContacts(
            Account account, String authtoken, long serverSyncState, List<RawContact> dirtyContacts)
            throws JSONException, ParseException, IOException, AuthenticationException {
        // Convert our list of User objects into a list of JSONObject
        List<JSONObject> jsonContacts = new ArrayList<JSONObject>();
        for (RawContact rawContact : dirtyContacts) {
            jsonContacts.add(rawContact.toJSONObject());
        }

        // Create a special JSONArray of our JSON contacts
        JSONArray buffer = new JSONArray(jsonContacts);

        // Create an array that will hold the server-side contacts
        // that have been changed (returned by the server).
        final ArrayList<RawContact> serverDirtyList = new ArrayList<RawContact>();

        // Prepare our POST data
        final ArrayList<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(PARAM_USERNAME, account.name));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(PARAM_AUTH_TOKEN, authtoken));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(PARAM_CONTACTS_DATA, buffer.toString()));
        if (serverSyncState > 0) {
            params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(PARAM_SYNC_STATE, Long.toString(serverSyncState)));
        }
        Log.i(TAG, params.toString());
        HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params);

        // Send the updated friends data to the server
        Log.i(TAG, "Syncing to: " + SYNC_CONTACTS_URI);
        final HttpPost post = new HttpPost(SYNC_CONTACTS_URI);
        post.addHeader(entity.getContentType());
        post.setEntity(entity);
        final HttpResponse resp = getHttpClient().execute(post);
        final String response = EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity());
        if (resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            // Our request to the server was successful - so we assume
            // that they accepted all the changes we sent up, and
            // that the response includes the contacts that we need
            // to update on our side...
            final JSONArray serverContacts = new JSONArray(response);
            Log.d(TAG, response);
            for (int i = 0; i < serverContacts.length(); i++) {
                RawContact rawContact = RawContact.valueOf(serverContacts.getJSONObject(i));
                if (rawContact != null) {
                    serverDirtyList.add(rawContact);
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Authentication exception in sending dirty contacts");
                throw new AuthenticationException();
            } else {
                Log.e(TAG, "Server error in sending dirty contacts: " + resp.getStatusLine());
                throw new IOException();
            }
        }

        return serverDirtyList;
    }

    /**
     * Download the avatar image from the server.
     *
     * @param avatarUrl the URL pointing to the avatar image
     * @return a byte array with the raw JPEG avatar image
     */
    public static byte[] downloadAvatar(final String avatarUrl) {
        // If there is no avatar, we're done
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(avatarUrl)) {
            return null;
        }

        try {
            Log.i(TAG, "Downloading avatar: " + avatarUrl);
            // Request the avatar image from the server, and create a bitmap
            // object from the stream we get back.
            URL url = new URL(avatarUrl);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.connect();
            try {
                final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                final Bitmap avatar = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(connection.getInputStream(),
                        null, options);

                // Take the image we received from the server, whatever format it
                // happens to be in, and convert it to a JPEG image. Note: we're
                // not resizing the avatar - we assume that the image we get from
                // the server is a reasonable size...
                Log.i(TAG, "Converting avatar to JPEG");
                ByteArrayOutputStream convertStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(
                        avatar.getWidth() * avatar.getHeight() * 4);
                avatar.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 95, convertStream);
                convertStream.flush();
                convertStream.close();
                // On pre-Honeycomb systems, it's important to call recycle on bitmaps
                avatar.recycle();
                return convertStream.toByteArray();
            } finally {
                connection.disconnect();
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException muex) {
            // A bad URL - nothing we can really do about it here...
            Log.e(TAG, "Malformed avatar URL: " + avatarUrl);
        } catch (IOException ioex) {
            // If we're unable to download the avatar, it's a bummer but not the
            // end of the world. We'll try to get it next time we sync.
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to download user avatar: " + avatarUrl);
        }
        return null;
    }

}