/common/libraries/plugin/pear/MDB2/Driver/pgsql.php

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<?php

// vim: set et ts=4 sw=4 fdm=marker:
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | PHP versions 4 and 5                                                 |
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | Copyright (c) 1998-2008 Manuel Lemos, Tomas V.V.Cox,                 |
// | Stig. S. Bakken, Lukas Smith                                         |
// | All rights reserved.                                                 |
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | MDB2 is a merge of PEAR DB and Metabases that provides a unified DB  |
// | API as well as database abstraction for PHP applications.            |
// | This LICENSE is in the BSD license style.                            |
// |                                                                      |
// | Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without   |
// | modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions   |
// | are met:                                                             |
// |                                                                      |
// | Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright       |
// | notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.        |
// |                                                                      |
// | Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright    |
// | notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the  |
// | documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. |
// |                                                                      |
// | Neither the name of Manuel Lemos, Tomas V.V.Cox, Stig. S. Bakken,    |
// | Lukas Smith nor the names of his contributors may be used to endorse |
// | or promote products derived from this software without specific prior|
// | written permission.                                                  |
// |                                                                      |
// | THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS  |
// | "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT    |
// | LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS    |
// | FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE      |
// | REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,          |
// | INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, |
// | BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS|
// |  OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED  |
// | AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT          |
// | LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY|
// | WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE          |
// | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                          |
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | Author: Paul Cooper <pgc@ucecom.com>                                 |
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
//
// $Id: pgsql.php 137 2009-11-09 13:24:37Z vanpouckesven $




/**
 * MDB2 PostGreSQL driver
 *
 * @package MDB2
 * @category Database
 * @author  Paul Cooper <pgc@ucecom.com>
 */

class MDB2_Driver_pgsql extends MDB2_Driver_Common

{

    // {{{ properties
    var $string_quoting = array('start' => "'", 'end' => "'", 'escape' => "'", 'escape_pattern' => '\\');

    

    var $identifier_quoting = array('start' => '"', 'end' => '"', 'escape' => '"');



    // }}}
    // {{{ constructor
    



    /**
     * Constructor
     */

    function __construct()

    {

        parent :: __construct();

        

        $this->phptype = 'pgsql';

        $this->dbsyntax = 'pgsql';

        

        $this->supported['sequences'] = true;

        $this->supported['indexes'] = true;

        $this->supported['affected_rows'] = true;

        $this->supported['summary_functions'] = true;

        $this->supported['order_by_text'] = true;

        $this->supported['transactions'] = true;

        $this->supported['savepoints'] = true;

        $this->supported['current_id'] = true;

        $this->supported['limit_queries'] = true;

        $this->supported['LOBs'] = true;

        $this->supported['replace'] = 'emulated';

        $this->supported['sub_selects'] = true;

        $this->supported['triggers'] = true;

        $this->supported['auto_increment'] = 'emulated';

        $this->supported['primary_key'] = true;

        $this->supported['result_introspection'] = true;

        $this->supported['prepared_statements'] = true;

        $this->supported['identifier_quoting'] = true;

        $this->supported['pattern_escaping'] = true;

        $this->supported['new_link'] = true;

        

        $this->options['DBA_username'] = false;

        $this->options['DBA_password'] = false;

        $this->options['multi_query'] = false;

        $this->options['disable_smart_seqname'] = true;

        $this->options['max_identifiers_length'] = 63;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ errorInfo()
    



    /**
     * This method is used to collect information about an error
     *
     * @param integer $error
     * @return array
     * @access public
     */

    function errorInfo($error = null)

    {

        // Fall back to MDB2_ERROR if there was no mapping.
        $error_code = MDB2_ERROR;

        

        $native_msg = '';

        if (is_resource($error))

        {

            $native_msg = @pg_result_error($error);

        }

        elseif ($this->connection)

        {

            $native_msg = @pg_last_error($this->connection);

            if (! $native_msg && @pg_connection_status($this->connection) === PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD)

            {

                $native_msg = 'Database connection has been lost.';

                $error_code = MDB2_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED;

            }

        }

        else

        {

            $native_msg = @pg_last_error();

        }

        

        static $error_regexps;

        if (empty($error_regexps))

        {

            $error_regexps = array(

                    '/column .* (of relation .*)?does not exist/i' => MDB2_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD, 

                    '/(relation|sequence|table).*does not exist|class .* not found/i' => MDB2_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE, 

                    '/database .* does not exist/' => MDB2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND, 

                    '/constraint .* does not exist/' => MDB2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND, 

                    '/index .* does not exist/' => MDB2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND, 

                    '/database .* already exists/i' => MDB2_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS, 

                    '/relation .* already exists/i' => MDB2_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS, 

                    '/(divide|division) by zero$/i' => MDB2_ERROR_DIVZERO, 

                    '/pg_atoi: error in .*: can\'t parse /i' => MDB2_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER, 

                    '/invalid input syntax for( type)? (integer|numeric)/i' => MDB2_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER, 

                    '/value .* is out of range for type \w*int/i' => MDB2_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER, 

                    '/integer out of range/i' => MDB2_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER, 

                    '/value too long for type character/i' => MDB2_ERROR_INVALID, 

                    '/attribute .* not found|relation .* does not have attribute/i' => MDB2_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD, 

                    '/column .* specified in USING clause does not exist in (left|right) table/i' => MDB2_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD, 

                    '/parser: parse error at or near/i' => MDB2_ERROR_SYNTAX, 

                    '/syntax error at/' => MDB2_ERROR_SYNTAX, 

                    '/column reference .* is ambiguous/i' => MDB2_ERROR_SYNTAX, 

                    '/permission denied/' => MDB2_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION, 

                    '/violates not-null constraint/' => MDB2_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL, 

                    '/violates [\w ]+ constraint/' => MDB2_ERROR_CONSTRAINT, 

                    '/referential integrity violation/' => MDB2_ERROR_CONSTRAINT, 

                    '/more expressions than target columns/i' => MDB2_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW);

        }

        if (is_numeric($error) && $error < 0)

        {

            $error_code = $error;

        }

        else

        {

            foreach ($error_regexps as $regexp => $code)

            {

                if (preg_match($regexp, $native_msg))

                {

                    $error_code = $code;

                    break;

                }

            }

        }

        return array($error_code, null, $native_msg);

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ escape()
    



    /**
     * Quotes a string so it can be safely used in a query. It will quote
     * the text so it can safely be used within a query.
     *
     * @param   string  the input string to quote
     * @param   bool    escape wildcards
     *
     * @return  string  quoted string
     *
     * @access  public
     */

    function escape($text, $escape_wildcards = false)

    {

        if ($escape_wildcards)

        {

            $text = $this->escapePattern($text);

        }

        $connection = $this->getConnection();

        if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

        {

            return $connection;

        }

        if (is_resource($connection) && version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.2.0RC5', '>='))

        {

            $text = @pg_escape_string($connection, $text);

        }

        else

        {

            $text = @pg_escape_string($text);

        }

        return $text;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ beginTransaction()
    



    /**
     * Start a transaction or set a savepoint.
     *
     * @param   string  name of a savepoint to set
     * @return  mixed   MDB2_OK on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     *
     * @access  public
     */

    function beginTransaction($savepoint = null)

    {

        $this->debug('Starting transaction/savepoint', __FUNCTION__, array('is_manip' => true, 

                'savepoint' => $savepoint));

        if (! is_null($savepoint))

        {

            if (! $this->in_transaction)

            {

                return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_INVALID, null, null, 'savepoint cannot be released when changes are auto committed', __FUNCTION__);

            }

            $query = 'SAVEPOINT ' . $savepoint;

            return $this->_doQuery($query, true);

        }

        elseif ($this->in_transaction)

        {

            return MDB2_OK; //nothing to do
        }

        if (! $this->destructor_registered && $this->opened_persistent)

        {

            $this->destructor_registered = true;

            register_shutdown_function('MDB2_closeOpenTransactions');

        }

        $result = & $this->_doQuery('BEGIN', true);

        if (PEAR :: isError($result))

        {

            return $result;

        }

        $this->in_transaction = true;

        return MDB2_OK;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ commit()
    



    /**
     * Commit the database changes done during a transaction that is in
     * progress or release a savepoint. This function may only be called when
     * auto-committing is disabled, otherwise it will fail. Therefore, a new
     * transaction is implicitly started after committing the pending changes.
     *
     * @param   string  name of a savepoint to release
     * @return  mixed   MDB2_OK on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     *
     * @access  public
     */

    function commit($savepoint = null)

    {

        $this->debug('Committing transaction/savepoint', __FUNCTION__, array('is_manip' => true, 

                'savepoint' => $savepoint));

        if (! $this->in_transaction)

        {

            return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_INVALID, null, null, 'commit/release savepoint cannot be done changes are auto committed', __FUNCTION__);

        }

        if (! is_null($savepoint))

        {

            $query = 'RELEASE SAVEPOINT ' . $savepoint;

            return $this->_doQuery($query, true);

        }

        

        $result = & $this->_doQuery('COMMIT', true);

        if (PEAR :: isError($result))

        {

            return $result;

        }

        $this->in_transaction = false;

        return MDB2_OK;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ rollback()
    



    /**
     * Cancel any database changes done during a transaction or since a specific
     * savepoint that is in progress. This function may only be called when
     * auto-committing is disabled, otherwise it will fail. Therefore, a new
     * transaction is implicitly started after canceling the pending changes.
     *
     * @param   string  name of a savepoint to rollback to
     * @return  mixed   MDB2_OK on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     *
     * @access  public
     */

    function rollback($savepoint = null)

    {

        $this->debug('Rolling back transaction/savepoint', __FUNCTION__, array('is_manip' => true, 

                'savepoint' => $savepoint));

        if (! $this->in_transaction)

        {

            return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_INVALID, null, null, 'rollback cannot be done changes are auto committed', __FUNCTION__);

        }

        if (! is_null($savepoint))

        {

            $query = 'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT ' . $savepoint;

            return $this->_doQuery($query, true);

        }

        

        $query = 'ROLLBACK';

        $result = & $this->_doQuery($query, true);

        if (PEAR :: isError($result))

        {

            return $result;

        }

        $this->in_transaction = false;

        return MDB2_OK;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ function setTransactionIsolation()
    



    /**
     * Set the transacton isolation level.
     *
     * @param   string  standard isolation level
     * READ UNCOMMITTED (allows dirty reads)
     * READ COMMITTED (prevents dirty reads)
     * REPEATABLE READ (prevents nonrepeatable reads)
     * SERIALIZABLE (prevents phantom reads)
     * @return  mixed   MDB2_OK on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     *
     * @access  public
     * @since   2.1.1
     */

    function setTransactionIsolation($isolation)

    {

        $this->debug('Setting transaction isolation level', __FUNCTION__, array('is_manip' => true));

        switch ($isolation)

        {

            case 'READ UNCOMMITTED' :

            case 'READ COMMITTED' :

            case 'REPEATABLE READ' :

            case 'SERIALIZABLE' :

                break;

            default :

                return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, null, null, 'isolation level is not supported: ' . $isolation, __FUNCTION__);

        }

        

        $query = "SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL $isolation";

        return $this->_doQuery($query, true);

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ _doConnect()
    



    /**
     * Do the grunt work of connecting to the database
     *
     * @return mixed connection resource on success, MDB2 Error Object on failure
     * @access protected
     */

    function _doConnect($username, $password, $database_name, $persistent = false)

    {

        if (! PEAR :: loadExtension($this->phptype))

        {

            return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_NOT_FOUND, null, null, 'extension ' . $this->phptype . ' is not compiled into PHP', __FUNCTION__);

        }

        

        if ($database_name == '')

        {

            $database_name = 'template1';

        }

        

        $protocol = $this->dsn['protocol'] ? $this->dsn['protocol'] : 'tcp';

        

        $params = array('');

        if ($protocol == 'tcp')

        {

            if ($this->dsn['hostspec'])

            {

                $params[0] .= 'host=' . $this->dsn['hostspec'];

            }

            if ($this->dsn['port'])

            {

                $params[0] .= ' port=' . $this->dsn['port'];

            }

        }

        elseif ($protocol == 'unix')

        {

            // Allow for pg socket in non-standard locations.
            if ($this->dsn['socket'])

            {

                $params[0] .= 'host=' . $this->dsn['socket'];

            }

            if ($this->dsn['port'])

            {

                $params[0] .= ' port=' . $this->dsn['port'];

            }

        }

        if ($database_name)

        {

            $params[0] .= ' dbname=\'' . addslashes($database_name) . '\'';

        }

        if ($username)

        {

            $params[0] .= ' user=\'' . addslashes($username) . '\'';

        }

        if ($password)

        {

            $params[0] .= ' password=\'' . addslashes($password) . '\'';

        }

        if (! empty($this->dsn['options']))

        {

            $params[0] .= ' options=' . $this->dsn['options'];

        }

        if (! empty($this->dsn['tty']))

        {

            $params[0] .= ' tty=' . $this->dsn['tty'];

        }

        if (! empty($this->dsn['connect_timeout']))

        {

            $params[0] .= ' connect_timeout=' . $this->dsn['connect_timeout'];

        }

        if (! empty($this->dsn['sslmode']))

        {

            $params[0] .= ' sslmode=' . $this->dsn['sslmode'];

        }

        if (! empty($this->dsn['service']))

        {

            $params[0] .= ' service=' . $this->dsn['service'];

        }

        

        if ($this->_isNewLinkSet())

        {

            if (version_compare(phpversion(), '4.3.0', '>='))

            {

                $params[] = PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW;

            }

        }

        

        $connect_function = $persistent ? 'pg_pconnect' : 'pg_connect';

        $connection = @call_user_func_array($connect_function, $params);

        if (! $connection)

        {

            return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED, null, null, 'unable to establish a connection', __FUNCTION__);

        }

        

        if (empty($this->dsn['disable_iso_date']))

        {

            if (! @pg_query($connection, "SET SESSION DATESTYLE = 'ISO'"))

            {

                return $this->raiseError(null, null, null, 'Unable to set date style to iso', __FUNCTION__);

            }

        }

        

        if (! empty($this->dsn['charset']))

        {

            $result = $this->setCharset($this->dsn['charset'], $connection);

            if (PEAR :: isError($result))

            {

                return $result;

            }

        }

        

        return $connection;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ connect()
    



    /**
     * Connect to the database
     *
     * @return true on success, MDB2 Error Object on failure
     * @access public
     */

    function connect()

    {

        if (is_resource($this->connection))

        {

            //if (count(array_diff($this->connected_dsn, $this->dsn)) == 0
            if (MDB2 :: areEquals($this->connected_dsn, $this->dsn) && $this->connected_database_name == $this->database_name && ($this->opened_persistent == $this->options['persistent']))

            {

                return MDB2_OK;

            }

            $this->disconnect(false);

        }

        

        if ($this->database_name)

        {

            $connection = $this->_doConnect($this->dsn['username'], $this->dsn['password'], $this->database_name, $this->options['persistent']);

            if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

            {

                return $connection;

            }

            

            $this->connection = $connection;

            $this->connected_dsn = $this->dsn;

            $this->connected_database_name = $this->database_name;

            $this->opened_persistent = $this->options['persistent'];

            $this->dbsyntax = $this->dsn['dbsyntax'] ? $this->dsn['dbsyntax'] : $this->phptype;

        }

        

        return MDB2_OK;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ setCharset()
    



    /**
     * Set the charset on the current connection
     *
     * @param string    charset
     * @param resource  connection handle
     *
     * @return true on success, MDB2 Error Object on failure
     */

    function setCharset($charset, $connection = null)

    {

        if (is_null($connection))

        {

            $connection = $this->getConnection();

            if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

            {

                return $connection;

            }

        }

        if (is_array($charset))

        {

            $charset = array_shift($charset);

            $this->warnings[] = 'postgresql does not support setting client collation';

        }

        $result = @pg_set_client_encoding($connection, $charset);

        if ($result == - 1)

        {

            return $this->raiseError(null, null, null, 'Unable to set client charset: ' . $charset, __FUNCTION__);

        }

        return MDB2_OK;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ databaseExists()
    



    /**
     * check if given database name is exists?
     *
     * @param string $name    name of the database that should be checked
     *
     * @return mixed true/false on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     * @access public
     */

    function databaseExists($name)

    {

        $res = $this->_doConnect($this->dsn['username'], $this->dsn['password'], $this->escape($name), $this->options['persistent']);

        if (! PEAR :: isError($res))

        {

            return true;

        }

        

        return false;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ disconnect()
    



    /**
     * Log out and disconnect from the database.
     *
     * @param  boolean $force if the disconnect should be forced even if the
     * connection is opened persistently
     * @return mixed true on success, false if not connected and error
     * object on error
     * @access public
     */

    function disconnect($force = true)

    {

        if (is_resource($this->connection))

        {

            if ($this->in_transaction)

            {

                $dsn = $this->dsn;

                $database_name = $this->database_name;

                $persistent = $this->options['persistent'];

                $this->dsn = $this->connected_dsn;

                $this->database_name = $this->connected_database_name;

                $this->options['persistent'] = $this->opened_persistent;

                $this->rollback();

                $this->dsn = $dsn;

                $this->database_name = $database_name;

                $this->options['persistent'] = $persistent;

            }

            

            if (! $this->opened_persistent || $force)

            {

                $ok = @pg_close($this->connection);

                if (! $ok)

                {

                    return $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_DISCONNECT_FAILED, null, null, null, __FUNCTION__);

                }

            }

        }

        else

        {

            return false;

        }

        return parent :: disconnect($force);

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ standaloneQuery()
    



    /**
     * execute a query as DBA
     *
     * @param string $query the SQL query
     * @param mixed   $types  array that contains the types of the columns in
     * the result set
     * @param boolean $is_manip  if the query is a manipulation query
     * @return mixed MDB2_OK on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     * @access public
     */

    function &standaloneQuery($query, $types = null, $is_manip = false)

    {

        $user = $this->options['DBA_username'] ? $this->options['DBA_username'] : $this->dsn['username'];

        $pass = $this->options['DBA_password'] ? $this->options['DBA_password'] : $this->dsn['password'];

        $connection = $this->_doConnect($user, $pass, $this->database_name, $this->options['persistent']);

        if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

        {

            return $connection;

        }

        

        $offset = $this->offset;

        $limit = $this->limit;

        $this->offset = $this->limit = 0;

        $query = $this->_modifyQuery($query, $is_manip, $limit, $offset);

        

        $result = & $this->_doQuery($query, $is_manip, $connection, $this->database_name);

        if (! PEAR :: isError($result))

        {

            if ($is_manip)

            {

                $result = $this->_affectedRows($connection, $result);

            }

            else

            {

                $result = & $this->_wrapResult($result, $types, true, false, $limit, $offset);

            }

        }

        

        @pg_close($connection);

        return $result;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ _doQuery()
    



    /**
     * Execute a query
     * @param string $query  query
     * @param boolean $is_manip  if the query is a manipulation query
     * @param resource $connection
     * @param string $database_name
     * @return result or error object
     * @access protected
     */

    function &_doQuery($query, $is_manip = false, $connection = null, $database_name = null)

    {

        $this->last_query = $query;

        $result = $this->debug($query, 'query', array('is_manip' => $is_manip, 'when' => 'pre'));

        if ($result)

        {

            if (PEAR :: isError($result))

            {

                return $result;

            }

            $query = $result;

        }

        if ($this->options['disable_query'])

        {

            $result = $is_manip ? 0 : null;

            return $result;

        }

        

        if (is_null($connection))

        {

            $connection = $this->getConnection();

            if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

            {

                return $connection;

            }

        }

        

        $function = $this->options['multi_query'] ? 'pg_send_query' : 'pg_query';

        $result = @$function($connection, $query);

        if (! $result)

        {

            $err = & $this->raiseError(null, null, null, 'Could not execute statement', __FUNCTION__);

            return $err;

        }

        elseif ($this->options['multi_query'])

        {

            if (! ($result = @pg_get_result($connection)))

            {

                $err = & $this->raiseError(null, null, null, 'Could not get the first result from a multi query', __FUNCTION__);

                return $err;

            }

        }

        

        $this->debug($query, 'query', array('is_manip' => $is_manip, 'when' => 'post', 'result' => $result));

        return $result;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ _affectedRows()
    



    /**
     * Returns the number of rows affected
     *
     * @param resource $result
     * @param resource $connection
     * @return mixed MDB2 Error Object or the number of rows affected
     * @access private
     */

    function _affectedRows($connection, $result = null)

    {

        if (is_null($connection))

        {

            $connection = $this->getConnection();

            if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

            {

                return $connection;

            }

        }

        return @pg_affected_rows($result);

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ _modifyQuery()
    



    /**
     * Changes a query string for various DBMS specific reasons
     *
     * @param string $query  query to modify
     * @param boolean $is_manip  if it is a DML query
     * @param integer $limit  limit the number of rows
     * @param integer $offset  start reading from given offset
     * @return string modified query
     * @access protected
     */

    function _modifyQuery($query, $is_manip, $limit, $offset)

    {

        if ($limit > 0 && ! preg_match('/LIMIT\s*\d(?:\s*(?:,|OFFSET)\s*\d+)?(?:[^\)]*)?$/i', $query))

        {

            $query = rtrim($query);

            if (substr($query, - 1) == ';')

            {

                $query = substr($query, 0, - 1);

            }

            if ($is_manip)

            {

                $query = $this->_modifyManipQuery($query, $limit);

            }

            else

            {

                $query .= " LIMIT $limit OFFSET $offset";

            }

        }

        return $query;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ _modifyManipQuery()
    



    /**
     * Changes a manip query string for various DBMS specific reasons
     *
     * @param string $query  query to modify
     * @param integer $limit  limit the number of rows
     * @return string modified query
     * @access protected
     */

    function _modifyManipQuery($query, $limit)

    {

        $pos = strpos(strtolower($query), 'where');

        $where = $pos ? substr($query, $pos) : '';

        

        $manip_clause = '(\bDELETE\b\s+(?:\*\s+)?\bFROM\b|\bUPDATE\b)';

        $from_clause = '([\w\.]+)';

        $where_clause = '(?:(.*)\bWHERE\b\s+(.*))|(.*)';

        $pattern = '/^' . $manip_clause . '\s+' . $from_clause . '(?:\s)*(?:' . $where_clause . ')?$/i';

        $matches = preg_match($pattern, $query, $match);

        if ($matches)

        {

            $manip = $match[1];

            $from = $match[2];

            $what = (count($matches) == 6) ? $match[5] : $match[3];

            return $manip . ' ' . $from . ' ' . $what . ' WHERE ctid=(SELECT ctid FROM ' . $from . ' ' . $where . ' LIMIT ' . $limit . ')';

        }

        //return error?
        return $query;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ getServerVersion()
    



    /**
     * return version information about the server
     *
     * @param bool   $native  determines if the raw version string should be returned
     * @return mixed array/string with version information or MDB2 error object
     * @access public
     */

    function getServerVersion($native = false)

    {

        $query = 'SHOW SERVER_VERSION';

        if ($this->connected_server_info)

        {

            $server_info = $this->connected_server_info;

        }

        else

        {

            $server_info = $this->queryOne($query, 'text');

            if (PEAR :: isError($server_info))

            {

                return $server_info;

            }

        }

        // cache server_info
        $this->connected_server_info = $server_info;

        if (! $native && ! PEAR :: isError($server_info))

        {

            $tmp = explode('.', $server_info, 3);

            if (empty($tmp[2]) && isset($tmp[1]) && preg_match('/(\d+)(.*)/', $tmp[1], $tmp2))

            {

                $server_info = array('major' => $tmp[0], 'minor' => $tmp2[1], 'patch' => null, 'extra' => $tmp2[2], 

                        'native' => $server_info);

            }

            else

            {

                $server_info = array('major' => isset($tmp[0]) ? $tmp[0] : null, 

                        'minor' => isset($tmp[1]) ? $tmp[1] : null, 'patch' => isset($tmp[2]) ? $tmp[2] : null, 

                        'extra' => null, 'native' => $server_info);

            }

        }

        return $server_info;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ prepare()
    



    /**
     * Prepares a query for multiple execution with execute().
     * With some database backends, this is emulated.
     * prepare() requires a generic query as string like
     * 'INSERT INTO numbers VALUES(?,?)' or
     * 'INSERT INTO numbers VALUES(:foo,:bar)'.
     * The ? and :name and are placeholders which can be set using
     * bindParam() and the query can be sent off using the execute() method.
     * The allowed format for :name can be set with the 'bindname_format' option.
     *
     * @param string $query the query to prepare
     * @param mixed   $types  array that contains the types of the placeholders
     * @param mixed   $result_types  array that contains the types of the columns in
     * the result set or MDB2_PREPARE_RESULT, if set to
     * MDB2_PREPARE_MANIP the query is handled as a manipulation query
     * @param mixed   $lobs   key (field) value (parameter) pair for all lob placeholders
     * @return mixed resource handle for the prepared query on success, a MDB2
     * error on failure
     * @access public
     * @see bindParam, execute
     */

    function &prepare($query, $types = null, $result_types = null, $lobs = array())

    {

        if ($this->options['emulate_prepared'])

        {

            $obj = & parent :: prepare($query, $types, $result_types, $lobs);

            return $obj;

        }

        $is_manip = ($result_types === MDB2_PREPARE_MANIP);

        $offset = $this->offset;

        $limit = $this->limit;

        $this->offset = $this->limit = 0;

        $result = $this->debug($query, __FUNCTION__, array('is_manip' => $is_manip, 'when' => 'pre'));

        if ($result)

        {

            if (PEAR :: isError($result))

            {

                return $result;

            }

            $query = $result;

        }

        $pgtypes = function_exists('pg_prepare') ? false : array();

        if ($pgtypes !== false && ! empty($types))

        {

            $this->loadModule('Datatype', null, true);

        }

        $query = $this->_modifyQuery($query, $is_manip, $limit, $offset);

        $placeholder_type_guess = $placeholder_type = null;

        $question = '?';

        $colon = ':';

        $positions = array();

        $position = $parameter = 0;

        while ($position < strlen($query))

        {

            $q_position = strpos($query, $question, $position);

            $c_position = strpos($query, $colon, $position);

            //skip "::type" cast ("select id::varchar(20) from sometable where name=?")
            $doublecolon_position = strpos($query, '::', $position);

            if ($doublecolon_position !== false && $doublecolon_position == $c_position)

            {

                $c_position = strpos($query, $colon, $position + 2);

            }

            if ($q_position && $c_position)

            {

                $p_position = min($q_position, $c_position);

            }

            elseif ($q_position)

            {

                $p_position = $q_position;

            }

            elseif ($c_position)

            {

                $p_position = $c_position;

            }

            else

            {

                break;

            }

            if (is_null($placeholder_type))

            {

                $placeholder_type_guess = $query[$p_position];

            }

            

            $new_pos = $this->_skipDelimitedStrings($query, $position, $p_position);

            if (PEAR :: isError($new_pos))

            {

                return $new_pos;

            }

            if ($new_pos != $position)

            {

                $position = $new_pos;

                continue; //evaluate again starting from the new position
            }

            

            if ($query[$position] == $placeholder_type_guess)

            {

                if (is_null($placeholder_type))

                {

                    $placeholder_type = $query[$p_position];

                    $question = $colon = $placeholder_type;

                    if (! empty($types) && is_array($types))

                    {

                        if ($placeholder_type == ':')

                        {

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            $types = array_values($types);

                        }

                    }

                }

                if ($placeholder_type_guess == '?')

                {

                    $length = 1;

                    $name = $parameter;

                }

                else

                {

                    $regexp = '/^.{' . ($position + 1) . '}(' . $this->options['bindname_format'] . ').*$/s';

                    $param = preg_replace($regexp, '\\1', $query);

                    if ($param === '')

                    {

                        $err = & $this->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_SYNTAX, null, null, 'named parameter name must match "bindname_format" option', __FUNCTION__);

                        return $err;

                    }

                    $length = strlen($param) + 1;

                    $name = $param;

                }

                if ($pgtypes !== false)

                {

                    if (is_array($types) && array_key_exists($name, $types))

                    {

                        $pgtypes[] = $this->datatype->mapPrepareDatatype($types[$name]);

                    }

                    elseif (is_array($types) && array_key_exists($parameter, $types))

                    {

                        $pgtypes[] = $this->datatype->mapPrepareDatatype($types[$parameter]);

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        $pgtypes[] = 'text';

                    }

                }

                if (($key_parameter = array_search($name, $positions)))

                {

                    $next_parameter = 1;

                    foreach ($positions as $key => $value)

                    {

                        if ($key_parameter == $key)

                        {

                            break;

                        }

                        ++ $next_parameter;

                    }

                }

                else

                {

                    ++ $parameter;

                    $next_parameter = $parameter;

                    $positions[] = $name;

                }

                $query = substr_replace($query, '$' . $parameter, $position, $length);

                $position = $p_position + strlen($parameter);

            }

            else

            {

                $position = $p_position;

            }

        }

        $connection = $this->getConnection();

        if (PEAR :: isError($connection))

        {

            return $connection;

        }

        static $prep_statement_counter = 1;

        $statement_name = sprintf($this->options['statement_format'], $this->phptype, $prep_statement_counter ++ . sha1(microtime() + mt_rand()));

        $statement_name = substr(strtolower($statement_name), 0, $this->options['max_identifiers_length']);

        if ($pgtypes === false)

        {

            $result = @pg_prepare($connection, $statement_name, $query);

            if (! $result)

            {

                $err = & $this->raiseError(null, null, null, 'Unable to create prepared statement handle', __FUNCTION__);

                return $err;

            }

        }

        else

        {

            $types_string = '';

            if ($pgtypes)

            {

                $types_string = ' (' . implode(', ', $pgtypes) . ') ';

            }

            $query = 'PREPARE ' . $statement_name . $types_string . ' AS ' . $query;

            $statement = & $this->_doQuery($query, true, $connection);

            if (PEAR :: isError($statement))

            {

                return $statement;

            }

        }

        

        $class_name = 'MDB2_Statement_' . $this->phptype;

        $obj = new $class_name($this, $statement_name, $positions, $query, $types, $result_types, $is_manip, $limit, $offset);

        $this->debug($query, __FUNCTION__, array('is_manip' => $is_manip, 'when' => 'post', 'result' => $obj));

        return $obj;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ function getSequenceName($sqn)
    



    /**
     * adds sequence name formatting to a sequence name
     *
     * @param   string  name of the sequence
     *
     * @return  string  formatted sequence name
     *
     * @access  public
     */

    function getSequenceName($sqn)

    {

        if (false === $this->options['disable_smart_seqname'])

        {

            if (strpos($sqn, '_') !== false)

            {

                list($table, $field) = explode('_', $sqn, 2);

            }

            $schema_list = $this->queryOne("SELECT array_to_string(current_schemas(false), ',')");

            if (PEAR :: isError($schema_list) || empty($schema_list) || count($schema_list) < 2)

            {

                $order_by = ' a.attnum';

                $schema_clause = ' AND n.nspname=current_schema()';

            }

            else

            {

                $schemas = explode(',', $schema_list);

                $schema_clause = ' AND n.nspname IN (' . $schema_list . ')';

                $counter = 1;

                $order_by = ' CASE ';

                foreach ($schemas as $schema)

                {

                    $order_by .= ' WHEN n.nspname=' . $schema . ' THEN ' . $counter ++;

                }

                $order_by .= ' ELSE ' . $counter . ' END, a.attnum';

            }

            

            $query = "SELECT substring((SELECT substring(pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
                    	    FROM pg_attrdef d
                    	   WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid
                    	     AND d.adnum = a.attnum
                    	     AND a.atthasdef
                    	 ) FROM 'nextval[^'']*''([^'']*)')
                        FROM pg_attribute a
                    LEFT JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = a.attrelid
                    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef
                    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON c.relnamespace = n.oid
                       WHERE (c.relname = " . $this->quote($sqn, 'text');

            if (! empty($field))

            {

                $query .= " OR (c.relname = " . $this->quote($table, 'text') . " AND a.attname = " . $this->quote($field, 'text') . ")";

            }

            $query .= "      )" . $schema_clause . "
                         AND NOT a.attisdropped
                         AND a.attnum > 0
                         AND pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) LIKE 'nextval%'
                    ORDER BY " . $order_by;

            $seqname = $this->queryOne($query);

            if (! PEAR :: isError($seqname) && ! empty($seqname) && is_string($seqname))

            {

                return $seqname;

            }

        }

        

        return parent :: getSequenceName($sqn);

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ nextID()
    



    /**
     * Returns the next free id of a sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name name of the sequence
     * @param boolean $ondemand when true the sequence is
     * automatic created, if it
     * not exists
     * @return mixed MDB2 Error Object or id
     * @access public
     */

    function nextID($seq_name, $ondemand = true)

    {

        $sequence_name = $this->quoteIdentifier($this->getSequenceName($seq_name), true);

        $query = "SELECT NEXTVAL('$sequence_name')";

        $this->pushErrorHandling(PEAR_ERROR_RETURN);

        $this->expectError(MDB2_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE);

        $result = $this->queryOne($query, 'integer');

        $this->popExpect();

        $this->popErrorHandling();

        if (PEAR :: isError($result))

        {

            if ($ondemand && $result->getCode() == MDB2_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE)

            {

                $this->loadModule('Manager', null, true);

                $result = $this->manager->createSequence($seq_name);

                if (PEAR :: isError($result))

                {

                    return $this->raiseError($result, null, null, 'on demand sequence could not be created', __FUNCTION__);

                }

                return $this->nextId($seq_name, false);

            }

        }

        return $result;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ lastInsertID()
    



    /**
     * Returns the autoincrement ID if supported or $id or fetches the current
     * ID in a sequence called: $table.(empty($field) ? '' : '_'.$field)
     *
     * @param string $table name of the table into which a new row was inserted
     * @param string $field name of the field into which a new row was inserted
     * @return mixed MDB2 Error Object or id
     * @access public
     */

    function lastInsertID($table = null, $field = null)

    {

        if (empty($table) && empty($field))

        {

            return $this->queryOne('SELECT lastval()', 'integer');

        }

        $seq = $table . (empty($field) ? '' : '_' . $field);

        $sequence_name = $this->quoteIdentifier($this->getSequenceName($seq), true);

        return $this->queryOne("SELECT currval('$sequence_name')", 'integer');

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ currID()
    



    /**
     * Returns the current id of a sequence
     *
     * @param string $seq_name name of the sequence
     * @return mixed MDB2 Error Object or id
     * @access public
     */

    function currID($seq_name)

    {

        $sequence_name = $this->quoteIdentifier($this->getSequenceName($seq_name), true);

        return $this->queryOne("SELECT last_value FROM $sequence_name", 'integer');

    }

}



/**
 * MDB2 PostGreSQL result driver
 *
 * @package MDB2
 * @category Database
 * @author  Paul Cooper <pgc@ucecom.com>
 */

class MDB2_Result_pgsql extends MDB2_Result_Common

{



    // }}}
    // {{{ fetchRow()
    



    /**
     * Fetch a row and insert the data into an existing array.
     *
     * @param int       $fetchmode  how the array data should be indexed
     * @param int    $rownum    number of the row where the data can be found
     * @return int data array on success, a MDB2 error on failure
     * @access public
     */

    function &fetchRow($fetchmode = MDB2_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT, $rownum = null)

    {

        if (! is_null($rownum))

        {

            $seek = $this->seek($rownum);

            if (PEAR :: isError($seek))

            {

                return $seek;

            }

        }

        if ($fetchmode == MDB2_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT)

        {

            $fetchmode = $this->db->fetchmode;

        }

        if ($fetchmode & MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC)

        {

            $row = @pg_fetch_array($this->result, null, PGSQL_ASSOC);

            if (is_array($row) && $this->db->options['portability'] & MDB2_PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE)

            {

                $row = array_change_key_case($row, $this->db->options['field_case']);

            }

        }

        else

        {

            $row = @pg_fetch_row($this->result);

        }

        if (! $row)

        {

            if ($this->result === false)

            {

                $err = & $this->db->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA, null, null, 'resultset has already been freed', __FUNCTION__);

                return $err;

            }

            $null = null;

            return $null;

        }

        $mode = $this->db->options['portability'] & MDB2_PORTABILITY_EMPTY_TO_NULL;

        $rtrim = false;

        if ($this->db->options['portability'] & MDB2_PORTABILITY_RTRIM)

        {

            if (empty($this->types))

            {

                $mode += MDB2_PORTABILITY_RTRIM;

            }

            else

            {

                $rtrim = true;

            }

        }

        if ($mode)

        {

            $this->db->_fixResultArrayValues($row, $mode);

        }

        if (! ($fetchmode & MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC) && ! empty($this->types))

        {

            $row = $this->db->datatype->convertResultRow($this->types, $row, $rtrim);

        }

        elseif (($fetchmode & MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC) && ! empty($this->types_assoc))

        {

            $row = $this->db->datatype->convertResultRow($this->types_assoc, $row, $rtrim);

        }

        if (! empty($this->values))

        {

            $this->_assignBindColumns($row);

        }

        if ($fetchmode === MDB2_FETCHMODE_OBJECT)

        {

            $object_class = $this->db->options['fetch_class'];

            if ($object_class == 'stdClass')

            {

                $row = (object) $row;

            }

            else

            {

                $row = &new $object_class($row);

            }

        }

        ++ $this->rownum;

        return $row;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ _getColumnNames()
    



    /**
     * Retrieve the names of columns returned by the DBMS in a query result.
     *
     * @return  mixed   Array variable that holds the names of columns as keys
     * or an MDB2 error on failure.
     * Some DBMS may not return any columns when the result set
     * does not contain any rows.
     * @access private
     */

    function _getColumnNames()

    {

        $columns = array();

        $numcols = $this->numCols();

        if (PEAR :: isError($numcols))

        {

            return $numcols;

        }

        for($column = 0; $column < $numcols; $column ++)

        {

            $column_name = @pg_field_name($this->result, $column);

            $columns[$column_name] = $column;

        }

        if ($this->db->options['portability'] & MDB2_PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE)

        {

            $columns = array_change_key_case($columns, $this->db->options['field_case']);

        }

        return $columns;

    }



    // }}}
    // {{{ numCols()
    



    /**
     * Count the number of columns returned by the DBMS in a query result.
     *
     * @access public
     * @return mixed integer value with the number of columns, a MDB2 error
     * on failure
     */

    function numCols()

    {

        $cols = @pg_num_fields($this->result);

        if (is_null($cols))

        {

            if ($this->result === false)

            {

                return $this->db->raiseError(MDB2_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA, null, null, 'resultset has already been freed', __FUNCTION__);

            }

            elseif (is_null($this->result))

            {

                return count($this->types);

            }

            return $this->db->raiseError(null, null, null, 'Could not get column count', __FUNCTION__);

        }…