/libinterp/corefcn/error.cc

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/*

Copyright (C) 1993-2015 John W. Eaton

This file is part of Octave.

Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.

Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

*/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstring>

#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

#include "defun.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "input.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include "oct-obj.h"
#include "oct-map.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "ov.h"
#include "ov-usr-fcn.h"
#include "pt-eval.h"
#include "pt-pr-code.h"
#include "pt-stmt.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "unwind-prot.h"
#include "variables.h"

// TRUE means that Octave will try to beep obnoxiously before printing
// error messages.
static bool Vbeep_on_error = false;

// TRUE means that Octave will try to enter the debugger when an error
// is encountered.  This will also inhibit printing of the normal
// traceback message (you will only see the top-level error message).
bool Vdebug_on_error = false;

// TRUE means that Octave will try to enter the debugger when a warning
// is encountered.
bool Vdebug_on_warning = false;

// TRUE means that Octave will try to display a stack trace when a
// warning is encountered.
static bool Vbacktrace_on_warning = true;

// TRUE means that Octave will print a verbose warning.  Currently unused.
static bool Vverbose_warning;

// TRUE means that Octave will print no warnings, but lastwarn will be updated
static bool Vquiet_warning = false;

// A structure containing (most of) the current state of warnings.
static octave_map warning_options;

// The text of the last error message.
static std::string Vlast_error_message;

// The text of the last warning message.
static std::string Vlast_warning_message;

// The last warning message id.
static std::string Vlast_warning_id;

// The last error message id.
static std::string Vlast_error_id;

// The last file in which an error occured
static octave_map Vlast_error_stack;

// Current error state.
//
// Valid values:
//
//   -2: an error has occurred, but don't print any messages.
//   -1: an error has occurred, we are printing a traceback
//    0: no error
//    1: an error has occurred
//
int error_state = 0;

// Current warning state.
//
//  Valid values:
//
//    0: no warning
//    1: a warning has occurred
//
int warning_state = 0;

// Tell the error handler whether to print messages, or just store
// them for later.  Used for handling errors in eval() and
// the 'unwind_protect' statement.
int buffer_error_messages = 0;

// TRUE means error messages are turned off.
bool discard_error_messages = false;

// TRUE means warning messages are turned off.
bool discard_warning_messages = false;

void
reset_error_handler (void)
{
  error_state = 0;
  warning_state = 0;
  buffer_error_messages = 0;
  discard_error_messages = false;
}

static void
initialize_warning_options (const std::string& state)
{
  octave_scalar_map initw;

  initw.setfield ("identifier", "all");
  initw.setfield ("state", state);

  warning_options = initw;
}

static octave_map
initialize_last_error_stack (void)
{
  return octave_call_stack::empty_backtrace ();
}

// Warning messages are never buffered.

static void
vwarning (const char *name, const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  if (discard_warning_messages)
    return;

  flush_octave_stdout ();

  std::ostringstream output_buf;

  if (name)
    output_buf << name << ": ";

  octave_vformat (output_buf, fmt, args);

  output_buf << std::endl;

  // FIXME: we really want to capture the message before it has all the
  //        formatting goop attached to it.  We probably also want just the
  //        message, not the traceback information.

  std::string msg_string = output_buf.str ();

  Vlast_warning_id = id;
  Vlast_warning_message = msg_string;

  if (! Vquiet_warning)
    {
      octave_diary << msg_string;

      std::cerr << msg_string;
    }
}

static void
verror (bool save_last_error, std::ostream& os,
        const char *name, const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args,
        bool with_cfn = false)
{
  if (discard_error_messages)
    return;

  if (! buffer_error_messages)
    flush_octave_stdout ();

  // FIXME: we really want to capture the message before it has all the
  //        formatting goop attached to it.  We probably also want just the
  //        message, not the traceback information.

  std::ostringstream output_buf;

  octave_vformat (output_buf, fmt, args);

  std::string base_msg = output_buf.str ();

  bool to_beep_or_not_to_beep_p = Vbeep_on_error && ! error_state;

  std::string msg_string;

  if (to_beep_or_not_to_beep_p)
    msg_string = "\a";

  if (name)
    msg_string += std::string (name) + ": ";

  // If with_fcn is specified, we'll attempt to prefix the message with the name
  // of the current executing function. But we'll do so only if:
  // 1. the name is not empty (anonymous function)
  // 2. it is not already there (including the following colon)
  if (with_cfn)
    {
      octave_function *curfcn = octave_call_stack::current ();
      if (curfcn)
        {
          std::string cfn = curfcn->name ();
          if (! cfn.empty ())
            {
              cfn += ':';
              if (cfn.length () > base_msg.length ()
                  || base_msg.compare (0, cfn.length (), cfn) != 0)
                {
                  msg_string += cfn + ' ';
                }
            }
        }
    }

  msg_string += base_msg + "\n";

  if (! error_state && save_last_error)
    {
      // This is the first error in a possible series.

      Vlast_error_id = id;
      Vlast_error_message = base_msg;

      octave_user_code *fcn = octave_call_stack::caller_user_code ();

      if (fcn)
        {
          octave_idx_type curr_frame = -1;

          Vlast_error_stack = octave_call_stack::backtrace (0, curr_frame);
        }
      else
        Vlast_error_stack = initialize_last_error_stack ();
    }

  if (! buffer_error_messages)
    {
      octave_diary << msg_string;
      os << msg_string;
    }
}

static void
pr_where_2 (const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  if (fmt)
    {
      if (*fmt)
        {
          size_t len = strlen (fmt);

          if (len > 0)
            {
              if (fmt[len - 1] == '\n')
                {
                  if (len > 1)
                    {
                      char *tmp_fmt = strsave (fmt);
                      tmp_fmt[len - 1] = '\0';
                      verror (false, std::cerr, 0, "", tmp_fmt, args);
                      delete [] tmp_fmt;
                    }
                }
              else
                verror (false, std::cerr, 0, "", fmt, args);
            }
        }
    }
  else
    panic ("pr_where_2: invalid format");
}

static void
pr_where_1 (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  pr_where_2 (fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

static void
pr_where (const char *who)
{
  std::list<octave_call_stack::stack_frame> frames
    = octave_call_stack::backtrace_frames ();

  size_t nframes = frames.size ();

  if (nframes > 0)
    pr_where_1 ("%s: called from\n", who);

  for (std::list<octave_call_stack::stack_frame>::const_iterator p = frames.begin ();
       p != frames.end (); p++)
    {
      const octave_call_stack::stack_frame& elt = *p;

      std::string fcn_name = elt.fcn_name ();
      int line = elt.line ();
      int column = elt.column ();

      pr_where_1 ("    %s at line %d column %d\n",
                  fcn_name.c_str (), line, column);
    }
}

// Note that we don't actually print any message if the error string
// is just "" or "\n".  This allows error ("") and error ("\n") to
// just set the error state.

static void
error_1 (std::ostream& os, const char *name, const char *id,
         const char *fmt, va_list args, bool with_cfn = false)
{
  if (error_state != -2)
    {
      if (fmt)
        {
          if (*fmt)
            {
              size_t len = strlen (fmt);

              if (len > 0)
                {
                  if (fmt[len - 1] == '\n')
                    {
                      if (len > 1)
                        {
                          char *tmp_fmt = strsave (fmt);
                          tmp_fmt[len - 1] = '\0';
                          verror (true, os, name, id, tmp_fmt, args, with_cfn);
                          delete [] tmp_fmt;
                        }

                      error_state = -2;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      verror (true, os, name, id, fmt, args, with_cfn);

                      if (! error_state)
                        error_state = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      else
        panic ("error_1: invalid format");
    }
}

void
vmessage (const char *name, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  verror (false, std::cerr, name, "", fmt, args);
}

void
message (const char *name, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vmessage (name, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
vmessage_with_id (const char *name, const char *id, const char *fmt,
                  va_list args)
{
  verror (false, std::cerr, name, id, fmt, args);
}

void
message_with_id (const char *name, const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vmessage_with_id (name, id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
usage_1 (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  verror (true, std::cerr, "usage", id, fmt, args);
  error_state = -1;
}

void
vusage (const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  usage_1 ("", fmt, args);
}

void
usage (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vusage (fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
vusage_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  usage_1 (id, fmt, args);
}

void
usage_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vusage_with_id (id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

static void
error_2 (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args, bool with_cfn = false)
{
  int init_state = error_state;

  error_1 (std::cerr, "error", id, fmt, args, with_cfn);

  if (error_state != -2 && ! symbol_table::at_top_level ()
      && ! discard_error_messages)
    pr_where ("error");

  if ((interactive || forced_interactive)
      && Vdebug_on_error && init_state == 0
      && octave_call_stack::caller_user_code ())
    {
      unwind_protect frame;
      frame.protect_var (Vdebug_on_error);
      Vdebug_on_error = false;

      error_state = 0;

      tree_evaluator::debug_mode = true;

      tree_evaluator::current_frame = octave_call_stack::current_frame ();

      do_keyboard (octave_value_list ());
    }
}

void
verror (const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  error_2 ("", fmt, args);
}

void
error (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  verror (fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
verror_with_cfn (const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  error_2 ("", fmt, args, true);
}

void
error_with_cfn (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  verror_with_cfn (fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
verror_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  error_2 (id, fmt, args);
}

void
error_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  verror_with_id (id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
verror_with_id_cfn (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  error_2 (id, fmt, args, true);
}

void
error_with_id_cfn (const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  verror_with_id_cfn (id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

static int
check_state (const std::string& state)
{
  // -1: not found
  //  0: found, "off"
  //  1: found, "on"
  //  2: found, "error"

  if (state == "off")
    return 0;
  else if (state == "on")
    return 1;
  else if (state == "error")
    return 2;
  else
    return -1;
}

// For given warning ID, return 0 if warnings are disabled, 1 if
// enabled, and 2 if the given ID should be an error instead of a
// warning.

int
warning_enabled (const std::string& id)
{
  int retval = 0;

  int all_state = -1;
  int id_state = -1;

  octave_idx_type nel = warning_options.numel ();

  if (nel > 0)
    {
      Cell identifier = warning_options.contents ("identifier");
      Cell state = warning_options.contents ("state");

      bool all_found = false;
      bool id_found = false;

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
        {
          octave_value ov = identifier(i);
          std::string ovs = ov.string_value ();

          if (! all_found && ovs == "all")
            {
              all_state = check_state (state(i).string_value ());

              if (all_state >= 0)
                all_found = true;
            }

          if (! id_found && ovs == id)
            {
              id_state = check_state (state(i).string_value ());

              if (id_state >= 0)
                id_found = true;
            }

          if (all_found && id_found)
            break;
        }
    }

  // If "all" is not present, assume warnings are enabled.
  if (all_state == -1)
    all_state = 1;

  if (all_state == 0)
    {
      if (id_state >= 0)
        retval = id_state;
    }
  else if (all_state == 1)
    {
      if (id_state == 0 || id_state == 2)
        retval = id_state;
      else
        retval = all_state;
    }
  else if (all_state == 2)
    {
      if (id_state == 0)
        retval= id_state;
      else
        retval = all_state;
    }

  return retval;
}

static void
warning_1 (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  int warn_opt = warning_enabled (id);

  if (warn_opt == 2)
    {
      // Handle this warning as an error.

      error_2 (id, fmt, args);
    }
  else if (warn_opt == 1)
    {
      vwarning ("warning", id, fmt, args);

      if (! symbol_table::at_top_level ()
          && Vbacktrace_on_warning
          && ! warning_state
          && ! discard_warning_messages)
        pr_where ("warning");

      warning_state = 1;

      if ((interactive || forced_interactive)
          && Vdebug_on_warning
          && octave_call_stack::caller_user_code ())
        {
          unwind_protect frame;
          frame.protect_var (Vdebug_on_warning);
          Vdebug_on_warning = false;

          tree_evaluator::debug_mode = true;

          tree_evaluator::current_frame = octave_call_stack::current_frame ();

          do_keyboard (octave_value_list ());
        }
    }
}

void
vwarning (const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  warning_1 ("", fmt, args);
}

void
warning (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vwarning (fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
vwarning_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  warning_1 (id, fmt, args);
}

void
warning_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vwarning_with_id (id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
vparse_error (const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  error_1 (std::cerr, 0, "", fmt, args);
}

void
parse_error (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vparse_error (fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
vparse_error_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
  error_1 (std::cerr, 0, id, fmt, args);
}

void
parse_error_with_id (const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  vparse_error_with_id (id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
rethrow_error (const char *id, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  error_1 (std::cerr, 0, id, fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
panic (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  buffer_error_messages = 0;
  discard_error_messages = false;
  verror (false, std::cerr, "panic", "", fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
  abort ();
}

static void
defun_usage_message_1 (const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  va_start (args, fmt);
  error_1 (octave_stdout, 0, "", fmt, args);
  va_end (args);
}

void
defun_usage_message (const std::string& msg)
{
  defun_usage_message_1 ("%s", msg.c_str ());
}

typedef void (*error_fun)(const char *, const char *, ...);

extern octave_value_list Fsprintf (const octave_value_list&, int);

static std::string
handle_message (error_fun f, const char *id, const char *msg,
                const octave_value_list& args, bool have_fmt)
{
  std::string retval;

  std::string tstr;

  int nargin = args.length ();

  if (nargin > 0)
    {
      octave_value arg;

      if (have_fmt)
        {
          octave_value_list tmp = Fsprintf (args, 1);
          arg = tmp(0);
        }
      else
        arg = args(0);

      if (arg.is_defined ())
        {
          if (arg.is_string ())
            {
              tstr = arg.string_value ();
              msg = tstr.c_str ();

              if (! msg)
                return retval;
            }
          else if (arg.is_empty ())
            return retval;
        }
    }

// Ugh.

  size_t len = strlen (msg);

  if (len > 0)
    {
      if (msg[len - 1] == '\n')
        {
          if (len > 1)
            {
              char *tmp_msg = strsave (msg);
              tmp_msg[len - 1] = '\0';
              f (id, "%s\n", tmp_msg);
              retval = tmp_msg;
              delete [] tmp_msg;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          f (id, "%s", msg);
          retval = msg;
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

DEFUN (rethrow, args, ,
       "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
@deftypefn {Built-in Function} {} rethrow (@var{err})\n\
Reissue a previous error as defined by @var{err}.  @var{err} is a structure\n\
that must contain at least the @qcode{\"message\"} and @qcode{\"identifier\"}\n\
fields.  @var{err} can also contain a field @qcode{\"stack\"} that gives\n\
information on the assumed location of the error.  Typically @var{err} is\n\
returned from @code{lasterror}.\n\
@seealso{lasterror, lasterr, error}\n\
@end deftypefn")
{
  octave_value retval;
  int nargin = args.length ();

  if (nargin != 1)
    print_usage ();
  else
    {
      const octave_scalar_map err = args(0).scalar_map_value ();

      if (! error_state)
        {
          if (err.contains ("message") && err.contains ("identifier"))
            {
              std::string msg = err.contents ("message").string_value ();
              std::string id = err.contents ("identifier").string_value ();
              int len = msg.length ();

              std::string file;
              std::string nm;
              int l = -1;
              int c = -1;

              octave_map err_stack = initialize_last_error_stack ();

              if (err.contains ("stack"))
                {
                  err_stack = err.contents ("stack").map_value ();

                  if (err_stack.numel () > 0)
                    {
                      if (err_stack.contains ("file"))
                        file = err_stack.contents ("file")(0).string_value ();

                      if (err_stack.contains ("name"))
                        nm = err_stack.contents ("name")(0).string_value ();

                      if (err_stack.contains ("line"))
                        l = err_stack.contents ("line")(0).nint_value ();

                      if (err_stack.contains ("column"))
                        c = err_stack.contents ("column")(0).nint_value ();
                    }
                }

              // Ugh.
              char *tmp_msg = strsave (msg.c_str ());
              if (tmp_msg[len-1] == '\n')
                {
                  if (len > 1)
                    {
                      tmp_msg[len - 1] = '\0';
                      rethrow_error (id.c_str (), "%s\n", tmp_msg);
                    }
                }
              else
                rethrow_error (id.c_str (), "%s", tmp_msg);
              delete [] tmp_msg;

              // FIXME: is this the right thing to do for Vlast_error_stack?
              //        Should it be saved and restored with unwind_protect?

              Vlast_error_stack = err_stack;

              if (err.contains ("stack"))
                {
                  if (file.empty ())
                    {
                      if (nm.empty ())
                        {
                          if (l > 0)
                            {
                              if (c > 0)
                                pr_where_1 ("error: near line %d, column %d",
                                            l, c);
                              else
                                pr_where_1 ("error: near line %d", l);
                            }
                        }
                      else
                        {
                          if (l > 0)
                            {
                              if (c > 0)
                                pr_where_1 ("error: called from '%s' near line %d, column %d",
                                            nm.c_str (), l, c);
                              else
                                pr_where_1 ("error: called from '%d' near line %d",
                                            nm.c_str (), l);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      if (nm.empty ())
                        {
                          if (l > 0)
                            {
                              if (c > 0)
                                pr_where_1 ("error: in file %s near line %d, column %d",
                                            file.c_str (), l, c);
                              else
                                pr_where_1 ("error: in file %s near line %d",
                                            file.c_str (), l);
                            }
                        }
                      else
                        {
                          if (l > 0)
                            {
                              if (c > 0)
                                pr_where_1 ("error: called from '%s' in file %s near line %d, column %d",
                                            nm.c_str (), file.c_str (), l, c);
                              else
                                pr_where_1 ("error: called from '%d' in file %s near line %d",
                                            nm.c_str (), file.c_str (), l);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
          else
            error ("rethrow: ERR structure must contain the fields 'message and 'identifier'");
        }
    }
  return retval;
}

// Determine whether the first argument to error or warning function
// should be handled as the message identifier or as the format string.

static bool
maybe_extract_message_id (const std::string& caller,
                          const octave_value_list& args,
                          octave_value_list& nargs,
                          std::string& id)
{
  nargs = args;
  id = std::string ();

  int nargin = args.length ();

  bool have_fmt = nargin > 1;

  if (nargin > 0)
    {
      std::string arg1 = args(0).string_value ();

      if (! error_state)
        {
          // For compatibility with Matlab, an identifier must contain
          // ':', but not at the beginning or the end, and it must not
          // contain '%' (even if it is not a valid conversion
          // operator) or whitespace.

          if (arg1.find_first_of ("% \f\n\r\t\v") == std::string::npos
              && arg1.find (':') != std::string::npos
              && arg1[0] != ':'
              && arg1[arg1.length ()-1] != ':')
            {
              if (nargin > 1)
                {
                  id = arg1;

                  nargs.resize (nargin-1);

                  for (int i = 1; i < nargin; i++)
                    nargs(i-1) = args(i);
                }
              else
                nargs(0) = "call to " + caller
                           + " with message identifier requires message";
            }
        }
    }

  return have_fmt;
}

DEFUN (error, args, ,
       "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
@deftypefn  {Built-in Function} {} error (@var{template}, @dots{})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} error (@var{id}, @var{template}, @dots{})\n\
Format the optional arguments under the control of the template string\n\
@var{template} using the same rules as the @code{printf} family of\n\
functions (@pxref{Formatted Output}) and print the resulting message\n\
on the @code{stderr} stream.  The message is prefixed by the character\n\
string @samp{error: }.\n\
\n\
Calling @code{error} also sets Octave's internal error state such that\n\
control will return to the top level without evaluating any more\n\
commands.  This is useful for aborting from functions or scripts.\n\
\n\
If the error message does not end with a newline character, Octave will\n\
print a traceback of all the function calls leading to the error.  For\n\
example, given the following function definitions:\n\
\n\
@example\n\
@group\n\
function f () g (); end\n\
function g () h (); end\n\
function h () nargin == 1 || error (\"nargin != 1\"); end\n\
@end group\n\
@end example\n\
\n\
@noindent\n\
calling the function @code{f} will result in a list of messages that\n\
can help you to quickly locate the exact location of the error:\n\
\n\
@example\n\
@group\n\
f ()\n\
error: nargin != 1\n\
error: called from:\n\
error:   error at line -1, column -1\n\
error:   h at line 1, column 27\n\
error:   g at line 1, column 15\n\
error:   f at line 1, column 15\n\
@end group\n\
@end example\n\
\n\
If the error message ends in a newline character, Octave will print the\n\
message but will not display any traceback messages as it returns\n\
control to the top level.  For example, modifying the error message\n\
in the previous example to end in a newline causes Octave to only print\n\
a single message:\n\
\n\
@example\n\
@group\n\
function h () nargin == 1 || error (\"nargin != 1\\n\"); end\n\
f ()\n\
error: nargin != 1\n\
@end group\n\
@end example\n\
\n\
A null string (\"\") input to @code{error} will be ignored and the code\n\
will continue running as if the statement were a NOP@.  This is for\n\
compatibility with @sc{matlab}.  It also makes it possible to write code such\n\
as\n\
\n\
@example\n\
@group\n\
err_msg = \"\";\n\
if (CONDITION 1)\n\
  err_msg = \"CONDITION 1 found\";\n\
elseif (CONDITION2)\n\
  err_msg = \"CONDITION 2 found\";\n\
@dots{}\n\
endif\n\
error (err_msg);\n\
@end group\n\
@end example\n\
\n\
@noindent\n\
which will only stop execution if an error has been found.\n\
\n\
Implementation Note: For compatibility with @sc{matlab}, escape\n\
sequences (e.g., \"\\n\" => newline) are processed in @var{template}\n\
regardless of whether @var{template} has been defined within single quotes\n\
as long as there are two or more input arguments.\n\
Use a second backslash to stop interpolation of the escape sequence (e.g.,\n\
\"\\\\n\") or use the @code{regexptranslate} function.\n\
@seealso{warning, lasterror}\n\
@end deftypefn")
{
  octave_value retval;

  int nargin = args.length ();

  octave_value_list nargs = args;

  std::string id;

  if (nargin == 0)
    print_usage ();
  else
    {
      bool have_fmt = false;

      if (nargin == 1 && args(0).is_map ())
        {
          // empty struct is not an error.  return and resume calling function.
          if (args(0).is_empty ())
            return retval;

          octave_value_list tmp;

          octave_scalar_map m = args(0).scalar_map_value ();

          // empty struct is not an error.  return and resume calling function.
          if (m.nfields () == 0)
            return retval;

          if (m.contains ("message"))
            {
              octave_value c = m.getfield ("message");

              if (c.is_string ())
                nargs(0) = c.string_value ();
            }

          if (m.contains ("identifier"))
            {
              octave_value c = m.getfield ("identifier");

              if (c.is_string ())
                id = c.string_value ();
            }

          // FIXME: also need to handle "stack" field in error structure,
          //        but that will require some more significant surgery on
          //        handle_message, error_with_id, etc.
        }
      else
        {
          have_fmt = maybe_extract_message_id ("error", args, nargs, id);

          if (error_state)
            return retval;
        }

      handle_message (error_with_id, id.c_str (), "unspecified error",
                      nargs, have_fmt);
    }

  return retval;
}

static octave_scalar_map
warning_query (const std::string& id_arg)
{
  octave_scalar_map retval;

  std::string id = id_arg;

  if (id == "last")
    id = Vlast_warning_id;

  Cell ident = warning_options.contents ("identifier");
  Cell state = warning_options.contents ("state");

  octave_idx_type nel = ident.numel ();

  bool found = false;

  std::string val;

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      if (ident(i).string_value () == id)
        {
          val = state(i).string_value ();
          found = true;
          break;
        }
    }

  if (! found)
    {
      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
        {
          if (ident(i).string_value () == "all")
            {
              val = state(i).string_value ();
              found = true;
              break;
            }
        }
    }

  if (found)
    {
      retval.assign ("identifier", id);
      retval.assign ("state", val);
    }
  else
    error ("warning: unable to find default warning state!");

  return retval;
}

static std::string
default_warning_state (void)
{
  std::string retval = "on";

  Cell ident = warning_options.contents ("identifier");
  Cell state = warning_options.contents ("state");

  octave_idx_type nel = ident.numel ();

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      if (ident(i).string_value () == "all")
        {
          retval = state(i).string_value ();
          break;
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

static void
display_warning_options (std::ostream& os)
{
  Cell ident = warning_options.contents ("identifier");
  Cell state = warning_options.contents ("state");

  octave_idx_type nel = ident.numel ();

  std::string all_state = default_warning_state ();

  if (all_state == "on")
    os << "By default, warnings are enabled.";
  else if (all_state == "off")
    os << "By default, warnings are disabled.";
  else if (all_state == "error")
    os << "By default, warnings are treated as errors.";
  else
    panic_impossible ();

  if (nel > 1)
    os << "\n\n";

  // The state for all is always supposed to be first in the list.

  for (octave_idx_type i = 1; i < nel; i++)
    {
      std::string tid = ident(i).string_value ();
      std::string tst = state(i).string_value ();

      os << std::setw (7) << tst << "  " << tid << "\n";
    }

  os << std::endl;
}

static void
set_warning_option (const std::string& state, const std::string& ident)
{
  if (ident == "all")
    {
      initialize_warning_options (state);
      return;
    }

  std::string all_state = default_warning_state ();

  if (state != "on" && state != "off" && state != "error")
    error ("invalid warning state: %s", state.c_str ());

  Cell tid = warning_options.contents ("identifier");
  Cell tst = warning_options.contents ("state");

  octave_idx_type nel = tid.numel ();

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
    {
      if (tid(i).string_value () == ident)
        {
          // We found it in the current list of options.  If the state
          // for "all" is same as arg1, we can simply remove the item
          // from the list.

          if (state == all_state)
            {
              for (i = i + 1; i < nel; i++)
                {
                  tid(i-1) = tid(i);
                  tst(i-1) = tst(i);
                }

              tid.resize (dim_vector (1, nel-1));
              tst.resize (dim_vector (1, nel-1));
            }
          else
            tst(i) = state;

          warning_options.clear ();

          warning_options.assign ("identifier", tid);
          warning_options.assign ("state", tst);

          return;
        }
    }

  // The option wasn't already in the list.  Append it.

  tid.resize (dim_vector (1, nel+1));
  tst.resize (dim_vector (1, nel+1));

  tid(nel) = ident;
  tst(nel) = state;

  warning_options.clear ();

  warning_options.assign ("identifier", tid);
  warning_options.assign ("state", tst);
}

DEFUN (warning, args, nargout,
       "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
@deftypefn  {Built-in Function} {} warning (@var{template}, @dots{})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (@var{id}, @var{template}, @dots{})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (\"on\", @var{id})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (\"off\", @var{id})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (\"query\", @var{id})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (\"error\", @var{id})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (@var{state}, \"backtrace\")\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} warning (@var{state}, @var{id}, \"local\")\n\
Format the optional arguments under the control of the template string\n\
@var{template} using the same rules as the @code{printf} family of\n\
functions (@pxref{Formatted Output}) and print the resulting message\n\
on the @code{stderr} stream.  The message is prefixed by the character\n\
string @samp{warning: }.\n\
You should use this function when you want to notify the user\n\
of an unusual condition, but only when it makes sense for your program\n\
to go on.\n\
\n\
The optional message identifier allows users to enable or disable\n\
warnings tagged by @var{id}.  A message identifier is of the form\n\
\"NAMESPACE:WARNING-NAME\".  Octave's own warnings use the @qcode{\"Octave\"}\n\
namespace (@pxref{XREFwarning_ids}).  The special identifier @qcode{\"all\"}\n\
may be used to set the state of all warnings.\n\
\n\
If the first argument is @qcode{\"on\"} or @qcode{\"off\"},\n\
set the state of a particular warning using the identifier @var{id}.  If the\n\
first argument is @qcode{\"query\"}, query the state of this warning\n\
instead.  If the identifier is omitted, a value of @qcode{\"all\"} is\n\
assumed.  If you set the state of a warning to @qcode{\"error\"}, the\n\
warning named by @var{id} is handled as if it were an error instead.  So,\n\
for example, the following handles all warnings as errors:\n\
\n\
@example\n\
@group\n\
warning (\"error\");\n\
@end group\n\
@end example\n\
\n\
If the state is @qcode{\"on\"} or @qcode{\"off\"} and the third argument\n\
is @qcode{\"backtrace\"}, then a stack trace is printed along with the\n\
warning message when warnings occur inside function calls.  This option\n\
is enabled by default.\n\
\n\
If the state is @qcode{\"on\"}, @qcode{\"off\"}, or @qcode{\"error\"}\n\
and the third argument is @qcode{\"local\"}, then the warning state\n\
will be set temporarily, until the end of the current function.\n\
Changes to warning states that are set locally affect the current\n\
function and all functions called from the current scope.  The\n\
previous warning state is restored on return from the current\n\
function.  The @qcode{\"local\"} option is ignored if used in the top-level\n\
workspace.\n\
\n\
Implementation Note: For compatibility with @sc{matlab}, escape\n\
sequences (e.g., \"\\n\" => newline) are processed in @var{template}\n\
regardless of whether @var{template} has been defined within single quotes\n\
as long as there are two or more input arguments.\n\
Use a second backslash to stop interpolation of the escape sequence (e.g.,\n\
\"\\\\n\") or use the @code{regexptranslate} function.\n\
@seealso{warning_ids, lastwarn, error}\n\
@end deftypefn")
{
  octave_value retval;

  int nargin = args.length ();
  int argc = nargin + 1;

  bool done = false;

  if (argc > 1 && args.all_strings_p ())
    {
      string_vector argv = args.make_argv ("warning");

      if (! error_state)
        {
          std::string arg1 = argv(1);
          std::string arg2 = "all";

          if (argc >= 3)
            arg2 = argv(2);

          if (arg1 == "on" || arg1 == "off" || arg1 == "error")
            {
              octave_map old_warning_options = warning_options;

              if (argc == 4 && argv(3) == "local"
                  && ! symbol_table::at_top_level ())
                {
                  symbol_table::scope_id scope
                    = octave_call_stack::current_scope ();

                  symbol_table::context_id context
                    = octave_call_stack::current_context ();

                  octave_scalar_map val = warning_query (arg2);

                  octave_value curr_state = val.contents ("state");

                  // FIXME: this might be better with a dictionary object.

                  octave_value curr_warning_states
                    = symbol_table::varval (".saved_warning_states.",
                                            scope, context);

                  octave_map m;

                  if (curr_warning_states.is_defined ())
                    m = curr_warning_states.map_value ();
                  else
                    {
                      string_vector fields (2);

                      fields(0) = "identifier";
                      fields(1) = "state";

                      m = octave_map (dim_vector (0, 1), fields);
                    }

                  if (error_state)
                    panic_impossible ();

                  Cell ids = m.contents ("identifier");
                  Cell states = m.contents ("state");

                  octave_idx_type nel = states.numel ();
                  bool found = false;
                  octave_idx_type i;
                  for (i = 0; i < nel; i++)
                    {
                      std::string id = ids(i).string_value ();

                      if (error_state)
                        panic_impossible ();

                      if (id == arg2)
                        {
                          states(i) = curr_state;
                          found = true;
                          break;
                        }
                    }

                  if (! found)
                    {
                      m.resize (dim_vector (nel+1, 1));

                      ids.resize (dim_vector (nel+1, 1));
                      states.resize (dim_vector (nel+1, 1));

                      ids(nel) = arg2;
                      states(nel) = curr_state;
                    }

                  m.contents ("identifier") = ids;
                  m.contents ("state") = states;

                  symbol_table::assign
                    (".saved_warning_states.", m, scope, context);

                  // Now ignore the "local" argument and continue to
                  // handle the current setting.
                  argc--;
                }

              if (arg2 == "all")
                {
                  octave_map tmp;

                  Cell id (1, 1);
                  Cell st (1, 1);

                  id(0) = arg2;
                  st(0) = arg1;

                  // Since internal Octave functions are not
                  // compatible, turning all warnings into errors
                  // should leave the state of
                  // Octave:matlab-incompatible alone.

                  if (arg1 == "error"
                      && warning_options.contains ("identifier"))
                    {
                      octave_idx_type n = 1;

                      Cell tid = warning_options.contents ("identifier");
                      Cell tst = warning_options.contents ("state");

                      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < tid.numel (); i++)
                        {
                          octave_value vid = tid(i);

                          if (vid.is_string ())
                            {
                              std::string key = vid.string_value ();

                              if (key == "Octave:matlab-incompatible"
                                  || key == "Octave:single-quote-string")
                                {
                                  id.resize (dim_vector (1, n+1));
                                  st.resize (dim_vector (1, n+1));

                                  id(n) = tid(i);
                                  st(n) = tst(i);

                                  n++;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                  tmp.assign ("identifier", id);
                  tmp.assign ("state", st);

                  warning_options = tmp;

                  done = true;
                }
              else if (arg2 == "backtrace")
                {
                  if (arg1 != "error")
                    {
                      Vbacktrace_on_warning = (arg1 == "on");
                      done = true;
                    }
                }
              else if (arg2 == "debug")
                {
                  if (arg1 != "error")
                    {
                      Vdebug_on_warning = (arg1 == "on");
                      done = true;
                    }
                }
              else if (arg2 == "verbose")
                {
                  if (arg1 != "error")
                    {
                      Vverbose_warning = (arg1 == "on");
                      done = true;
                    }
                }
              else if (arg2 == "quiet")
                {
                  if (arg1 != "error")
                    {
                      Vquiet_warning = (arg1 == "on");
                      done = true;
                    }
                }
              else
                {
                  if (arg2 == "last")
                    arg2 = Vlast_warning_id;

                  set_warning_option (arg1, arg2);

                  done = true;
                }

              if (done && nargout > 0)
                retval = old_warning_options;
            }
          else if (arg1 == "query")
            {
              if (arg2 == "all")
                retval = warning_options;
              else if (arg2 == "backtrace" || arg2 == "debug"
                       || arg2 == "verbose" || arg2 == "quiet")
                {
                  octave_scalar_map tmp;
                  tmp.assign ("identifier", arg2);
                  if (arg2 == "backtrace")
                    tmp.assign ("state", Vbacktrace_on_warning ? "on" : "off");
                  else if (arg2 == "debug")
                    tmp.assign ("state", Vdebug_on_warning ? "on" : "off");
                  else if (arg2 == "verbose")
                    tmp.assign ("state", Vverbose_warning ? "on" : "off");
                  else
                    tmp.assign ("state", Vquiet_warning ? "on" : "off");

                  retval = tmp;
                }
              else
                retval = warning_query (arg2);

              done = true;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (argc == 1)
    {
      if (nargout > 0)
        retval = warning_options;
      else
        display_warning_options (octave_stdout);

      done = true;
    }
  else if (argc == 2)
    {
      octave_value arg = args(0);

      octave_map old_warning_options = warning_options;

      if (arg.is_map ())
        {
          octave_map m = arg.map_value ();

          if (m.contains ("identifier") && m.contains ("state"))
            {
              // Simply step through the struct elements one at a time.

              Cell ident = m.contents ("identifier");
              Cell state = m.contents ("state");

              octave_idx_type nel = ident.numel ();

              for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < nel; i++)
                {
                  std::string tst = state(i).string_value ();
                  std::string tid = ident(i).string_value ();

                  if (error_state)
                    return retval;

                  set_warning_option (tst, tid);
                }
            }
          else
            error ("warning: expecting structure with fields 'identifier' and 'state'");

          done = true;

          if (nargout > 0)
            retval = old_warning_options;
        }
    }

  if (! (error_state || done))
    {
      octave_value_list nargs = args;

      std::string id;

      bool have_fmt = maybe_extract_message_id ("warning", args, nargs, id);

      if (error_state)
        return retval;

      std::string prev_msg = Vlast_warning_message;

      std::string curr_msg = handle_message (warning_with_id, id.c_str (),
                                             "unspecified warning", nargs,
                                             have_fmt);

      if (nargout > 0)
        retval = prev_msg;
    }

  return retval;
}

octave_value_list
set_warning_state (const std::string& id, const std::string& state)
{
  octave_value_list args;

  args(1) = id;
  args(0) = state;

  return Fwarning (args, 1);
}

octave_value_list
set_warning_state (const octave_value_list& args)
{
  return Fwarning (args, 1);
}

void
disable_warning (const std::string& id)
{
  set_warning_option ("off", id);
}

void
initialize_default_warning_state (void)
{
  initialize_warning_options ("on");

  // Most people will want to have the following disabled.

  disable_warning ("Octave:array-to-scalar");
  disable_warning ("Octave:array-to-vector");
  disable_warning ("Octave:imag-to-real");
  disable_warning ("Octave:matlab-incompatible");
  disable_warning ("Octave:missing-semicolon");
  disable_warning ("Octave:neg-dim-as-zero");
  disable_warning ("Octave:resize-on-range-error");
  disable_warning ("Octave:separator-insert");
  disable_warning ("Octave:single-quote-string");
  disable_warning ("Octave:str-to-num");
  disable_warning ("Octave:mixed-string-concat");
  disable_warning ("Octave:variable-switch-label");
}

DEFUN (lasterror, args, ,
       "-*- texinfo -*-\n\
@deftypefn  {Built-in Function} {@var{lasterr} =} lasterror ()\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} lasterror (@var{err})\n\
@deftypefnx {Built-in Function} {} lasterror (\"reset\")\n\
Query or set the last error message structure.  When called without\n\
arguments, return a structure containing the last error message and other\n\
information related to this error.  The elements of the structure are:\n\
\n\
@table @code\n\
@item message\n\
The text of the last error message\n\
\n\
@item identifier\n\
The message identifier of this error message\n\
\n\
@item stack\n\
A structure containing information on where the message occurred.  This may\n\
be an empty structure if the information cannot\n\
be obtained.  The fields of the structure are:\n\
\n\
@table @code\n\
@item file\n\
The name of the file where the error occurred\n\
\n\
@item name\n\
The name of function in which the error occurred\n\
\n\
@item line\n\
The line number at which the error occurred\n\
\n\
@item column\n\
An optional field with the column number at which the error occurred\n\
@end table\n\
@end table\n\
\n\
The last error structure may be set by passing a scalar structure, @var{err},\n\
as input.  Any fields of @var{err} that match those above are set while any\n\
unspecified fields are initialized with default values.\n\
\n\
If @code{lasterror} is called with the argument @qcode{\"reset\"}, all\n\
fields are set to their default values.\n\
@seealso{lasterr, error, lastwarn}\n\
@end deftypefn")
{
  octave_value retval;
  int nargin = args.length ();

  unwind_protect frame;

  frame.protect_var (error_state);
  error_state = 0;

  if (nargin < 2)
    {
      octave_scalar_map err;

      err.assign ("message", Vlast_error_message);
      err.assign ("identifier", Vlast_error_id);

      err.assign ("stack", octave_value (Vlast_error_stack));

      if (nargin == 1)
        {
          if (args(0).is_string ())
            {
              if (args(0).string_value () == "reset")
                {
                  Vlast_error_message = std::string ();
                  Vlast_error_id = std::string ();

                  Vlast_error_stack = initialize_last_error_stack ();
                }
              else
                error ("lasterror: unrecognized string argument");
            }
          else if (args(0).is_map ())
            {
              octave_scalar_map new_err = args(0).scalar_map_value ();
              octave_scalar_map new_err_stack;
              std::string new_error_message;
              std::string new_error_id;
              std::string new_error_file;
              std::string new_error_name;
              int new_error_line = -1;
              int new_error_column = -1;

              if (! error_state && new_err.contains ("message"))
                {
                  const std::string tmp =
                    new_err.getfield ("message").string_value ();
                  new_error_message = tmp;
                }

              if (! error_state && new_err.contains ("identifier"))
                {
                  const std::string tmp =
                    new_err.getfield ("identifier").string_value ();
                  new_error_id = tmp;
                }

              if (! error_state && new_err.contains ("stack"))
                {
                  new_err_stack =
                    …