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<tt>SWIG/Examples/java/pointer/</tt>
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<H2>Simple Pointer Handling</H2>

<tt>$Header$</tt><br>

<p>
This example illustrates a couple of techniques for handling
simple pointers in SWIG.  The prototypical example is a C function
that operates on pointers such as this:

<blockquote>
<pre>
void add(int *x, int *y, int *r) { 
    *r = *x + *y;
}
</pre>
</blockquote>

By default, SWIG wraps this function exactly as specified and creates
an interface that expects pointer objects for arguments.  
SWIG wraps a C pointer with a type wrapper class, for example, SWIGTYPE_p_int for an int*.
The only problem is how does one go about creating these objects from a Java program?
<p>


<h2>Possible Solutions</h2>

<ul>
<li>Write some helper functions to explicitly create objects.  For
example:

<blockquote>
<pre>
int *new_int(int ivalue) {
  int *i = (int *) malloc(sizeof(ivalue));
  *i = ivalue;
  return i;
}
int get_int(int *i) {
  return *i;
}

void delete_int(int *i) {
  free(i);
}
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p>
<li>The SWIG pointer library provides an easier way. <br> 
For example, in the interface file 
you would do this:

<blockquote>
<pre>
%include cpointer.i
%pointer_functions(int, intp);
</pre>
</blockquote>

and from Java you would use pointers like this:

<blockquote>
<pre>
SWIGTYPE_p_int a = example.new_intp();
SWIGTYPE_p_int b = example.new_intp();
SWIGTYPE_p_int c = example.new_intp();
example.intp_assign(a,37);
example.intp_assign(b,42);

// Note that getCPtr() has package access by default
System.out.println("     a =" + Long.toHexString(SWIGTYPE_p_int.getCPtr(a)));
System.out.println("     b =" + Long.toHexString(SWIGTYPE_p_int.getCPtr(b)));
System.out.println("     c =" + Long.toHexString(SWIGTYPE_p_int.getCPtr(c)));

// Call the add() function with some pointers
example.add(a,b,c);

// Now get the result
int res = example.intp_value(c);
System.out.println("     37 + 42 =" + res);

// Clean up the pointers
example.delete_intp(a);
example.delete_intp(b);
example.delete_intp(c);
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p>
<li>Use the SWIG typemap library.  This library allows you to completely
change the way arguments are processed by SWIG.  For example:

<blockquote>
<pre>
%include "typemaps.i"
void add(int *INPUT, int *INPUT, int *OUTPUT);
</pre>
</blockquote>

And in a Java program:

<blockquote>
<pre>
int[] r = {0};
example.sub(37,42,r);
System.out.println("Result =" + r[0]);
</pre>
</blockquote>
Needless to say, this is substantially easier although a bit unusual.

<p>
<li>A final alternative is to use the typemaps library in combination
with the %apply directive.  This allows you to change the names of parameters
that behave as input or output parameters. For example:

<blockquote>
<pre>
%include "typemaps.i"
%apply int *INPUT {int *x, int *y};
%apply int *OUTPUT {int *r};

void add(int *x, int *y, int *r);
void sub(int *x, int *y, int *r);
void mul(int *x, int *y, int *r);
... etc ...
</pre>
</blockquote>

</ul>

<h2>Example</h2>

The following example illustrates the use of these features for pointer
extraction.

<ul>
<li> <a href="example.c">example.c</a>  (C Source)
<li> <a href="example.i">example.i</a>  (Swig interface)
<li> <a href="main.java">main.java</a>  (Java program)
</ul>

<h2>Notes</h2>

<ul>
<li>Since pointers are used for so many different things (arrays, output values,
etc...) the complexity of pointer handling can be as complicated as you want to
make it.

<p>
<li>More documentation on the typemaps.i and cpointer.i library files can be
found in the SWIG user manual.  The files also contain documentation.

</ul>

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