using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using QuickGraph.Algorithms.Services;



namespace QuickGraph.Algorithms.ShortestPath

{

    /// <summary>

    /// Bellman Ford shortest path algorithm.

    /// </summary>

    /// <remarks>

    /// <para>

    /// The Bellman-Ford algorithm solves the single-source shortest paths 

    /// problem for a graph with both positive and negative edge weights. 

    /// </para>

    /// <para>

    /// If you only need to solve the shortest paths problem for positive 

    /// edge weights, Dijkstra's algorithm provides a more efficient 

    /// alternative. 

    /// </para>

    /// <para>

    /// If all the edge weights are all equal to one then breadth-first search 

    /// provides an even more efficient alternative. 

    /// </para>

    /// </remarks>

    /// <reference-ref

    ///     idref="shi03datastructures"

    ///     />

    public sealed class BellmanFordShortestPathAlgorithm<TVertex, TEdge> 

        : ShortestPathAlgorithmBase<TVertex,TEdge

        , IVertexAndEdgeListGraph<TVertex,TEdge>>

        , ITreeBuilderAlgorithm<TVertex, TEdge>

        where TEdge : IEdge<TVertex>

    {

        private readonly Dictionary<TVertex,TVertex> predecessors;

        private bool foundNegativeCycle;



        public BellmanFordShortestPathAlgorithm(

            IVertexAndEdgeListGraph<TVertex, TEdge> visitedGraph,

            Func<TEdge, double> weights

            )

            : this(visitedGraph, weights, DistanceRelaxers.ShortestDistance)

        { }



        public BellmanFordShortestPathAlgorithm(

            IVertexAndEdgeListGraph<TVertex, TEdge> visitedGraph,

            Func<TEdge, double> weights,

            IDistanceRelaxer distanceRelaxer

            )

            : this(null, visitedGraph, weights, distanceRelaxer)

        { }



        public BellmanFordShortestPathAlgorithm(

            IAlgorithmComponent host,

            IVertexAndEdgeListGraph<TVertex,TEdge> visitedGraph,

            Func<TEdge,double> weights,

            IDistanceRelaxer distanceRelaxer

            )

            :base(host, visitedGraph, weights, distanceRelaxer)

        {

            this.predecessors = new Dictionary<TVertex,TVertex>();

        }



        public bool FoundNegativeCycle

        {

            get { return this.foundNegativeCycle;}

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// Invoked on each vertex in the graph before the start of the 

        /// algorithm.

        /// </summary>

        public event VertexAction<TVertex> InitializeVertex;



        /// <summary>

        /// Raises the <see cref="InitializeVertex"/> event.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="v">vertex that raised the event</param>

        private void OnInitializeVertex(TVertex v)

        {

            var eh = this.InitializeVertex;

            if (eh != null)

                eh(v);

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// Invoked on every edge in the graph |V| times.

        /// </summary>

        public event EdgeAction<TVertex,TEdge> ExamineEdge;



        /// <summary>

        /// Raises the <see cref="ExamineEdge"/> event.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="e">edge that raised the event</param>

        private void OnExamineEdge(TEdge e)

        {

            var eh = this.ExamineEdge;

            if (eh != null)

                eh(e);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///  Invoked if the distance label for the target vertex is not 

        ///  decreased.

        /// </summary>

        public event EdgeAction<TVertex,TEdge> EdgeNotRelaxed;



        /// <summary>

        /// Raises the <see cref="EdgeNotRelaxed"/> event.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="e">edge that raised the event</param>

        private void OnEdgeNotRelaxed(TEdge e)

        {

            var eh = this.EdgeNotRelaxed;

            if (eh != null)

                eh(e);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///  Invoked during the second stage of the algorithm, 

        ///  during the test of whether each edge was minimized. 

        ///  

        ///  If the edge is minimized then this function is invoked.

        /// </summary>

        public event EdgeAction<TVertex,TEdge> EdgeMinimized;





        /// <summary>

        /// Raises the <see cref="EdgeMinimized"/> event.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="e">edge that raised the event</param>

        private void OnEdgeMinimized(TEdge e)

        {

            var eh = this.EdgeMinimized;

            if (eh != null)

                eh(e);

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// Invoked during the second stage of the algorithm, 

        /// during the test of whether each edge was minimized. 

        /// 

        /// If the edge was not minimized, this function is invoked. 

        /// This happens when there is a negative cycle in the graph. 

        /// </summary>

        public event EdgeAction<TVertex,TEdge> EdgeNotMinimized;





        /// <summary>

        /// Raises the <see cref="EdgeNotMinimized"/> event.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="e">edge that raised the event</param>

        private void OnEdgeNotMinimized(TEdge e)

        {

            var eh = this.EdgeNotMinimized;

            if (eh != null)

                eh(e);

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// Constructed predecessor map

        /// </summary>

        public IDictionary<TVertex,TVertex> Predecessors

        {

            get

            {

                return predecessors;

            }

        }



        protected override void Initialize()

        {

            base.Initialize();



            this.foundNegativeCycle = false;

            // init color, distance

            this.VertexColors.Clear();

            foreach (var u in VisitedGraph.Vertices)

            {

                this.VertexColors[u] = GraphColor.White;

                this.Distances[u] = double.PositiveInfinity;

                this.OnInitializeVertex(u);

            }



            TVertex root;

            if (!this.TryGetRootVertex(out root))

                foreach (var v in this.VisitedGraph.Vertices)

                {

                    root = v;

                    break;

                }



            this.Distances[root] = 0;

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// Applies the Bellman Ford algorithm

        /// </summary>

        /// <remarks>

        /// Does not initialize the predecessor and distance map.

        /// </remarks>

        /// <returns>true if successful, false if there was a negative cycle.</returns>

        protected override void InternalCompute()

        {

            // getting the number of 

            int N = this.VisitedGraph.VertexCount;

            for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)

            {

                bool atLeastOneTreeEdge = false;

                foreach (var e in this.VisitedGraph.Edges)

                {

                    this.OnExamineEdge(e);



                    if (Relax(e))

                    {

                        atLeastOneTreeEdge = true;

                        OnTreeEdge(e);

                    }

                    else

                        this.OnEdgeNotRelaxed(e);

                }

                if (!atLeastOneTreeEdge)

                    break;

            }



            var relaxer = this.DistanceRelaxer;

            foreach (var e in this.VisitedGraph.Edges)

            {

                var edgeWeight = Weights(e);

                if (edgeWeight < 0)

                    throw new InvalidOperationException("non negative edge weight");

                if (relaxer.Compare(

                        relaxer.Combine(

                            this.Distances[e.Source], edgeWeight),

                            this.Distances[e.Target]

                        ) < 0

                    )

                {

                    this.OnEdgeMinimized(e);

                    this.foundNegativeCycle = true;

                    return;

                }

                else

                    this.OnEdgeNotMinimized(e);

            }

            this.foundNegativeCycle = false;

        }

    }

}