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  3. <title>Closing a Socket - The GNU C Library</title>
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  48. Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Socket-Pairs.html#Socket-Pairs">Socket Pairs</a>,
  49. Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Creating-a-Socket.html#Creating-a-Socket">Creating a Socket</a>,
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  53. <h4 class="subsection">16.8.2 Closing a Socket</h4>
  54. <p><a name="index-socket_002c-closing-1777"></a><a name="index-closing-a-socket-1778"></a><a name="index-shutting-down-a-socket-1779"></a><a name="index-socket-shutdown-1780"></a>
  55. When you have finished using a socket, you can simply close its
  56. file descriptor with <code>close</code>; see <a href="Opening-and-Closing-Files.html#Opening-and-Closing-Files">Opening and Closing Files</a>.
  57. If there is still data waiting to be transmitted over the connection,
  58. normally <code>close</code> tries to complete this transmission. You
  59. can control this behavior using the <code>SO_LINGER</code> socket option to
  60. specify a timeout period; see <a href="Socket-Options.html#Socket-Options">Socket Options</a>.
  61. <p><a name="index-sys_002fsocket_002eh-1781"></a>You can also shut down only reception or transmission on a
  62. connection by calling <code>shutdown</code>, which is declared in
  63. <samp><span class="file">sys/socket.h</span></samp>.
  64. <!-- sys/socket.h -->
  65. <!-- BSD -->
  66. <div class="defun">
  67. &mdash; Function: int <b>shutdown</b> (<var>int socket, int how</var>)<var><a name="index-shutdown-1782"></a></var><br>
  68. <blockquote><p>The <code>shutdown</code> function shuts down the connection of socket
  69. <var>socket</var>. The argument <var>how</var> specifies what action to
  70. perform:
  71. <dl>
  72. <dt><code>0</code><dd>Stop receiving data for this socket. If further data arrives,
  73. reject it.
  74. <br><dt><code>1</code><dd>Stop trying to transmit data from this socket. Discard any data
  75. waiting to be sent. Stop looking for acknowledgement of data already
  76. sent; don't retransmit it if it is lost.
  77. <br><dt><code>2</code><dd>Stop both reception and transmission.
  78. </dl>
  79. <p>The return value is <code>0</code> on success and <code>-1</code> on failure. The
  80. following <code>errno</code> error conditions are defined for this function:
  81. <dl>
  82. <dt><code>EBADF</code><dd><var>socket</var> is not a valid file descriptor.
  83. <br><dt><code>ENOTSOCK</code><dd><var>socket</var> is not a socket.
  84. <br><dt><code>ENOTCONN</code><dd><var>socket</var> is not connected.
  85. </dl>
  86. </p></blockquote></div>
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