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  141. </head>
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  142. <body>
    143. 

  143. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    144. 

  144. <table summary="layout" width="66%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table summary="layout" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1">
    145. 

  145. <tr><td class="header">Internet Engineering Task Force</td><td class="header">fge. Galiegue</td></tr>
    146. 

  146. <tr><td class="header">Internet-Draft</td><td class="header">&nbsp;</td></tr>
    147. 

  147. <tr><td class="header">Intended status: Informational</td><td class="header">K. Zyp, Ed.</td></tr>
    148. 

  148. <tr><td class="header">Expires: August 3, 2013</td><td class="header">SitePen (USA)</td></tr>
    149. 

  149. <tr><td class="header">&nbsp;</td><td class="header">G. Court</td></tr>
    150. 

  150. <tr><td class="header">&nbsp;</td><td class="header">January 30, 2013</td></tr>
    151. 

  151. </table></td></tr></table>
    152. 

  152. <h1><br />JSON Schema: interactive and non interactive validation<br />json-schema-validation</h1>
    153. 

  153. 

  154. <h3>Abstract</h3>
    155. 

  155. 

  156. <p>
    157. 

  157.                 JSON Schema (application/schema+json) has several purposes, one of which is instance
    158. 

  158.                 validation. The validation process may be interactive or non interactive. For
    159. 

  159.                 instance, applications may use JSON Schema to build a user interface enabling
    160. 

  160.                 interactive content generation in addition to user input checking, or validate data
    161. 

  161.                 retrieved from various sources. This specification describes schema keywords
    162. 

  162.                 dedicated to validation purposes.
    163. 

  163.             
    164. 

  164. </p>
    165. 

  165. <h3>Status of This Memo</h3>
    166. 

  166. <p>
    167. 

  167. This Internet-Draft is submitted  in full
    168. 

  168. conformance with the provisions of BCP&nbsp;78 and BCP&nbsp;79.</p>
    169. 

  169. <p>
    170. 

  170. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
    171. 

  171. Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
    172. 

  172. working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current
    173. 

  173. Internet-Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.</p>
    174. 

  174. <p>
    175. 

  175. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
    176. 

  176. and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time.
    177. 

  177. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite
    178. 

  178. them other than as &ldquo;work in progress.&rdquo;</p>
    179. 

  179. <p>
    180. 

  180. This Internet-Draft will expire on August 3, 2013.</p>
    181. 

  181. 

  182. <h3>Copyright Notice</h3>
    183. 

  183. <p>
    184. 

  184. Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
    185. 

  185. document authors.  All rights reserved.</p>
    186. 

  186. <p>
    187. 

  187. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
    188. 

  188. Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
    189. 

  189. (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
    190. 

  190. publication of this document.  Please review these documents
    191. 

  191. carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
    192. 

  192. to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
    193. 

  193. include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
    194. 

  194. the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
    195. 

  195. described in the Simplified BSD License.</p>
    196. 

  196. <a name="toc"></a><br /><hr />
    197. 

  197. <h3>Table of Contents</h3>
    198. 

  198. <p class="toc">
    199. 

  199. <a href="#anchor1">1.</a>&nbsp;
    200. 

  200. Introduction<br />
    201. 

  201. <a href="#anchor2">2.</a>&nbsp;
    202. 

  202. Conventions and Terminology<br />
    203. 

  203. <a href="#anchor3">3.</a>&nbsp;
    204. 

  204. Interoperability considerations<br />
    205. 

  205. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor4">3.1.</a>&nbsp;
    206. 

  206. Validation of string instances<br />
    207. 

  207. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor5">3.2.</a>&nbsp;
    208. 

  208. Validation of numeric instances<br />
    209. 

  209. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor6">3.3.</a>&nbsp;
    210. 

  210. Regular expressions<br />
    211. 

  211. <a href="#anchor7">4.</a>&nbsp;
    212. 

  212. General validation considerations<br />
    213. 

  213. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor8">4.1.</a>&nbsp;
    214. 

  214. Keywords and instance primitive types<br />
    215. 

  215. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor9">4.2.</a>&nbsp;
    216. 

  216. Inter-dependent keywords<br />
    217. 

  217. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor10">4.3.</a>&nbsp;
    218. 

  218. Default values for missing keywords<br />
    219. 

  219. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor11">4.4.</a>&nbsp;
    220. 

  220. Validation of container instances<br />
    221. 

  221. <a href="#anchor12">5.</a>&nbsp;
    222. 

  222. Validation keywords sorted by instance types<br />
    223. 

  223. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor13">5.1.</a>&nbsp;
    224. 

  224. Validation keywords for numeric instances (number and integer)<br />
    225. 

  225. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor14">5.1.1.</a>&nbsp;
    226. 

  226. multipleOf<br />
    227. 

  227. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor17">5.1.2.</a>&nbsp;
    228. 

  228. maximum and exclusiveMaximum<br />
    229. 

  229. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor21">5.1.3.</a>&nbsp;
    230. 

  230. minimum and exclusiveMinimum<br />
    231. 

  231. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor25">5.2.</a>&nbsp;
    232. 

  232. Validation keywords for strings<br />
    233. 

  233. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor26">5.2.1.</a>&nbsp;
    234. 

  234. maxLength<br />
    235. 

  235. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor29">5.2.2.</a>&nbsp;
    236. 

  236. minLength<br />
    237. 

  237. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor33">5.2.3.</a>&nbsp;
    238. 

  238. pattern<br />
    239. 

  239. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor36">5.3.</a>&nbsp;
    240. 

  240. Validation keywords for arrays<br />
    241. 

  241. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor37">5.3.1.</a>&nbsp;
    242. 

  242. additionalItems and items<br />
    243. 

  243. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor42">5.3.2.</a>&nbsp;
    244. 

  244. maxItems<br />
    245. 

  245. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor45">5.3.3.</a>&nbsp;
    246. 

  246. minItems<br />
    247. 

  247. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor49">5.3.4.</a>&nbsp;
    248. 

  248. uniqueItems<br />
    249. 

  249. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor53">5.4.</a>&nbsp;
    250. 

  250. Validation keywords for objects<br />
    251. 

  251. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor54">5.4.1.</a>&nbsp;
    252. 

  252. maxProperties<br />
    253. 

  253. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor57">5.4.2.</a>&nbsp;
    254. 

  254. minProperties<br />
    255. 

  255. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor61">5.4.3.</a>&nbsp;
    256. 

  256. required<br />
    257. 

  257. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor64">5.4.4.</a>&nbsp;
    258. 

  258. additionalProperties, properties and patternProperties<br />
    259. 

  259. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor70">5.4.5.</a>&nbsp;
    260. 

  260. dependencies<br />
    261. 

  261. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor75">5.5.</a>&nbsp;
    262. 

  262. Validation keywords for any instance type<br />
    263. 

  263. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor76">5.5.1.</a>&nbsp;
    264. 

  264. enum<br />
    265. 

  265. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor79">5.5.2.</a>&nbsp;
    266. 

  266. type<br />
    267. 

  267. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor82">5.5.3.</a>&nbsp;
    268. 

  268. allOf<br />
    269. 

  269. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor85">5.5.4.</a>&nbsp;
    270. 

  270. anyOf<br />
    271. 

  271. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor88">5.5.5.</a>&nbsp;
    272. 

  272. oneOf<br />
    273. 

  273. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor91">5.5.6.</a>&nbsp;
    274. 

  274. not<br />
    275. 

  275. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor94">5.5.7.</a>&nbsp;
    276. 

  276. definitions<br />
    277. 

  277. <a href="#anchor97">6.</a>&nbsp;
    278. 

  278. Metadata keywords<br />
    279. 

  279. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor98">6.1.</a>&nbsp;
    280. 

  280. "title" and "description"<br />
    281. 

  281. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor99">6.1.1.</a>&nbsp;
    282. 

  282. Valid values<br />
    283. 

  283. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor100">6.1.2.</a>&nbsp;
    284. 

  284. Purpose<br />
    285. 

  285. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor101">6.2.</a>&nbsp;
    286. 

  286. "default"<br />
    287. 

  287. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor102">6.2.1.</a>&nbsp;
    288. 

  288. Valid values<br />
    289. 

  289. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor103">6.2.2.</a>&nbsp;
    290. 

  290. Purpose<br />
    291. 

  291. <a href="#anchor104">7.</a>&nbsp;
    292. 

  292. Semantic validation with "format"<br />
    293. 

  293. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor105">7.1.</a>&nbsp;
    294. 

  294. Foreword<br />
    295. 

  295. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor106">7.2.</a>&nbsp;
    296. 

  296. Implementation requirements<br />
    297. 

  297. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor107">7.3.</a>&nbsp;
    298. 

  298. Defined attributes<br />
    299. 

  299. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor108">7.3.1.</a>&nbsp;
    300. 

  300. date-time<br />
    301. 

  301. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor111">7.3.2.</a>&nbsp;
    302. 

  302. email<br />
    303. 

  303. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor114">7.3.3.</a>&nbsp;
    304. 

  304. hostname<br />
    305. 

  305. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor117">7.3.4.</a>&nbsp;
    306. 

  306. ipv4<br />
    307. 

  307. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor120">7.3.5.</a>&nbsp;
    308. 

  308. ipv6<br />
    309. 

  309. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor123">7.3.6.</a>&nbsp;
    310. 

  310. uri<br />
    311. 

  311. <a href="#anchor126">8.</a>&nbsp;
    312. 

  312. Reference algorithms for calculating children schemas<br />
    313. 

  313. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor127">8.1.</a>&nbsp;
    314. 

  314. Foreword<br />
    315. 

  315. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor128">8.2.</a>&nbsp;
    316. 

  316. Array elements<br />
    317. 

  317. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor129">8.2.1.</a>&nbsp;
    318. 

  318. Defining characteristic<br />
    319. 

  319. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor130">8.2.2.</a>&nbsp;
    320. 

  320. Implied keywords and default values.<br />
    321. 

  321. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor131">8.2.3.</a>&nbsp;
    322. 

  322. Calculation<br />
    323. 

  323. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor134">8.3.</a>&nbsp;
    324. 

  324. Object members<br />
    325. 

  325. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor135">8.3.1.</a>&nbsp;
    326. 

  326. Defining characteristic<br />
    327. 

  327. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor136">8.3.2.</a>&nbsp;
    328. 

  328. Implied keywords<br />
    329. 

  329. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#anchor137">8.3.3.</a>&nbsp;
    330. 

  330. Calculation<br />
    331. 

  331. <a href="#anchor142">9.</a>&nbsp;
    332. 

  332. IANA Considerations<br />
    333. 

  333. <a href="#rfc.references1">10.</a>&nbsp;
    334. 

  334. References<br />
    335. 

  335. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.references1">10.1.</a>&nbsp;
    336. 

  336. Normative References<br />
    337. 

  337. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#rfc.references2">10.2.</a>&nbsp;
    338. 

  338. Informative References<br />
    339. 

  339. <a href="#anchor145">Appendix&nbsp;A.</a>&nbsp;
    340. 

  340. ChangeLog<br />
    341. 

  341. </p>
    342. 

  342. <br clear="all" />
    343. 

  343. 

  344. <a name="anchor1"></a><br /><hr />
    345. 

  345. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    346. 

  346. <a name="rfc.section.1"></a><h3>1.&nbsp;
    347. 

  347. Introduction</h3>
    348. 

  348. 

  349. <p>
    350. 

  350.                 JSON Schema can be used to require that a given JSON document (an instance)
    351. 

  351.                 satisfies a certain number of criteria. These criteria are materialized by a set of
    352. 

  352.                 keywords which are described in this specification. In addition, a set of keywords
    353. 

  353.                 is defined to assist in interactive instance generation. Those are also described in
    354. 

  354.                 this specification.
    355. 

  355.             
    356. 

  356. </p>
    357. 

  357. <p>
    358. 

  358.                 This specification will use the terminology defined by the JSON Schema core
    359. 

  359.                 specification. It is advised that readers have a copy of this specification.
    360. 

  360.             
    361. 

  361. </p>
    362. 

  362. <a name="anchor2"></a><br /><hr />
    363. 

  363. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    364. 

  364. <a name="rfc.section.2"></a><h3>2.&nbsp;
    365. 

  365. Conventions and Terminology</h3>
    366. 

  366. 

  367. <p>
    368. 

  368.                 
    369. 

  369. 

  370.                 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
    371. 

  371.                 "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
    372. 

  372.                 interpreted as described in <a class='info' href='#RFC2119'>RFC 2119<span> (</span><span class='info'>Bradner, S., &ldquo;Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels,&rdquo; March&nbsp;1997.</span><span>)</span></a> [RFC2119].
    373. 

  373.             
    374. 

  374. </p>
    375. 

  375. <p>
    376. 

  376.                 This specification uses the term "container instance" to refer to both array and
    377. 

  377.                 object instances. It uses the term "children instances" to refer to array elements
    378. 

  378.                 or object member values.
    379. 

  379.             
    380. 

  380. </p>
    381. 

  381. <p>
    382. 

  382.                 This specification uses the term "property set" to refer to the set of an object's
    383. 

  383.                 member names; for instance, the property set of JSON Object { "a": 1, "b": 2 } is [
    384. 

  384.                 "a", "b" ].
    385. 

  385.             
    386. 

  386. </p>
    387. 

  387. <p>
    388. 

  388.                 Elements in an array value are said to be unique if no two elements of this array
    389. 

  389.                 are equal, as defined by the core specification.
    390. 

  390.             
    391. 

  391. </p>
    392. 

  392. <a name="anchor3"></a><br /><hr />
    393. 

  393. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    394. 

  394. <a name="rfc.section.3"></a><h3>3.&nbsp;
    395. 

  395. Interoperability considerations</h3>
    396. 

  396. 

  397. <a name="anchor4"></a><br /><hr />
    398. 

  398. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    399. 

  399. <a name="rfc.section.3.1"></a><h3>3.1.&nbsp;
    400. 

  400. Validation of string instances</h3>
    401. 

  401. 

  402. <p>
    403. 

  403.                     It should be noted that the nul character (\x00) is valid in a JSON string. An
    404. 

  404.                     instance to validate may contain a string value with this character, regardless
    405. 

  405.                     of the ability of the underlying programming language to deal with such data.
    406. 

  406.                 
    407. 

  407. </p>
    408. 

  408. <a name="anchor5"></a><br /><hr />
    409. 

  409. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    410. 

  410. <a name="rfc.section.3.2"></a><h3>3.2.&nbsp;
    411. 

  411. Validation of numeric instances</h3>
    412. 

  412. 

  413. <p>
    414. 

  414.                     The JSON specification does not define any bounds to the scale or precision of
    415. 

  415.                     numeric values. JSON Schema does not define any such bounds either. This means
    416. 

  416.                     that numeric instances processed by JSON Schema can be arbitrarily large and/or
    417. 

  417.                     have an arbitrarily large decimal part, regardless of the ability of the
    418. 

  418.                     underlying programming language to deal with such data.
    419. 

  419.                 
    420. 

  420. </p>
    421. 

  421. <a name="anchor6"></a><br /><hr />
    422. 

  422. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    423. 

  423. <a name="rfc.section.3.3"></a><h3>3.3.&nbsp;
    424. 

  424. Regular expressions</h3>
    425. 

  425. 

  426. <p>
    427. 

  427.                     Two validation keywords, "pattern" and "patternProperties", use regular
    428. 

  428.                     expressions to express constraints. These regular expressions SHOULD
    429. 

  429.                     be valid according to the <a class='info' href='#ecma262'>ECMA 262<span> (</span><span class='info'>, &ldquo;ECMA 262 specification,&rdquo; .</span><span>)</span></a> [ecma262] regular
    430. 

  430.                     expression dialect.
    431. 

  431.                 
    432. 

  432. </p>
    433. 

  433. <p>
    434. 

  434.                     Furthermore, given the high disparity in regular expression constructs support,
    435. 

  435.                     schema authors SHOULD limit themselves to the following regular expression
    436. 

  436.                     tokens:
    437. 

  437. 

  438.                     </p>
    439. 

  439. <blockquote class="text">
    440. 

  440. <p>individual Unicode characters, as defined by the <a class='info' href='#RFC4627'>JSON specification<span> (</span><span class='info'>Crockford, D., &ldquo;The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON),&rdquo; July&nbsp;2006.</span><span>)</span></a> [RFC4627];
    441. 

  441. </p>
    442. 

  442. <p>simple character classes ([abc]), range character classes ([a-z]);
    443. 

  443. </p>
    444. 

  444. <p>complemented character classes ([^abc], [^a-z]);
    445. 

  445. </p>
    446. 

  446. <p>simple quantifiers: "+" (one or more), "*" (zero or more), "?" (zero or
    447. 

  447.                         one), and their lazy versions ("+?", "*?", "??");
    448. 

  448. </p>
    449. 

  449. <p>range quantifiers: "{x}" (exactly x occurrences), "{x,y}" (at least x, at
    450. 

  450.                         most y, occurrences), {x,} (x occurrences or more), and their lazy
    451. 

  451.                         versions;
    452. 

  452. </p>
    453. 

  453. <p>the beginning-of-input ("^") and end-of-input ("$") anchors;
    454. 

  454. </p>
    455. 

  455. <p>simple grouping ("(...)") and alternation ("|").
    456. 

  456. </p>
    457. 

  457. </blockquote><p>
    458. 

  458.                 
    459. 

  459. </p>
    460. 

  460. <p>
    461. 

  461.                     Finally, implementations MUST NOT consider that regular expressions are
    462. 

  462.                     anchored, neither at the beginning nor at the end. This means, for instance,
    463. 

  463.                     that "es" matches "expression".
    464. 

  464.                 
    465. 

  465. </p>
    466. 

  466. <a name="anchor7"></a><br /><hr />
    467. 

  467. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    468. 

  468. <a name="rfc.section.4"></a><h3>4.&nbsp;
    469. 

  469. General validation considerations</h3>
    470. 

  470. 

  471. <a name="anchor8"></a><br /><hr />
    472. 

  472. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    473. 

  473. <a name="rfc.section.4.1"></a><h3>4.1.&nbsp;
    474. 

  474. Keywords and instance primitive types</h3>
    475. 

  475. 

  476. <p>
    477. 

  477.                     Some validation keywords only apply to one or more primitive types. When the
    478. 

  478.                     primitive type of the instance cannot be validated by a given keyword,
    479. 

  479.                     validation for this keyword and instance SHOULD succeed.
    480. 

  480.                 
    481. 

  481. </p>
    482. 

  482. <p>
    483. 

  483.                     This specification groups keywords in different sections, according to the
    484. 

  484.                     primitive type, or types, these keywords validate. Note that some keywords
    485. 

  485.                     validate all instance types.
    486. 

  486.                 
    487. 

  487. </p>
    488. 

  488. <a name="anchor9"></a><br /><hr />
    489. 

  489. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    490. 

  490. <a name="rfc.section.4.2"></a><h3>4.2.&nbsp;
    491. 

  491. Inter-dependent keywords</h3>
    492. 

  492. 

  493. <p>
    494. 

  494.                     In order to validate an instance, some keywords are influenced by the presence
    495. 

  495.                     (or absence) of other keywords. In this case, all these keywords will be grouped
    496. 

  496.                     in the same section.
    497. 

  497.                 
    498. 

  498. </p>
    499. 

  499. <a name="anchor10"></a><br /><hr />
    500. 

  500. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    501. 

  501. <a name="rfc.section.4.3"></a><h3>4.3.&nbsp;
    502. 

  502. Default values for missing keywords</h3>
    503. 

  503. 

  504. <p>
    505. 

  505.                     Some keywords, if absent, MAY be regarded by implementations as having
    506. 

  506.                     a default value. In this case, the default value will be mentioned.
    507. 

  507.                 
    508. 

  508. </p>
    509. 

  509. <a name="anchor11"></a><br /><hr />
    510. 

  510. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    511. 

  511. <a name="rfc.section.4.4"></a><h3>4.4.&nbsp;
    512. 

  512. Validation of container instances</h3>
    513. 

  513. 

  514. <p>
    515. 

  515.                     Keywords with the possibility to validate container instances (arrays or
    516. 

  516.                     objects) only validate the instances themselves and not their children (array
    517. 

  517.                     items or object properties). Some of these keywords do, however, contain
    518. 

  518.                     information which is necessary for calculating which schema(s) a child must be
    519. 

  519.                     valid against. The algorithms to calculate a child instance's relevant schema(s)
    520. 

  520.                     are explained in a separate section.
    521. 

  521.                 
    522. 

  522. </p>
    523. 

  523. <p>
    524. 

  524.                     It should be noted that while an array element will only have to validate
    525. 

  525.                     against one schema, object member values may have to validate against more than
    526. 

  526.                     one schema.
    527. 

  527.                 
    528. 

  528. </p>
    529. 

  529. <a name="anchor12"></a><br /><hr />
    530. 

  530. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    531. 

  531. <a name="rfc.section.5"></a><h3>5.&nbsp;
    532. 

  532. Validation keywords sorted by instance types</h3>
    533. 

  533. 

  534. <a name="anchor13"></a><br /><hr />
    535. 

  535. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    536. 

  536. <a name="rfc.section.5.1"></a><h3>5.1.&nbsp;
    537. 

  537. Validation keywords for numeric instances (number and integer)</h3>
    538. 

  538. 

  539. <a name="anchor14"></a><br /><hr />
    540. 

  540. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    541. 

  541. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.1"></a><h3>5.1.1.&nbsp;
    542. 

  542. multipleOf</h3>
    543. 

  543. 

  544. <a name="anchor15"></a><br /><hr />
    545. 

  545. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    546. 

  546. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.1.1"></a><h3>5.1.1.1.&nbsp;
    547. 

  547. Valid values</h3>
    548. 

  548. 

  549. <p>
    550. 

  550.                             The value of "multipleOf" MUST be a JSON number. This number MUST be
    551. 

  551.                             strictly greater than 0.
    552. 

  552.                         
    553. 

  553. </p>
    554. 

  554. <a name="anchor16"></a><br /><hr />
    555. 

  555. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    556. 

  556. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.1.2"></a><h3>5.1.1.2.&nbsp;
    557. 

  557. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    558. 

  558. 

  559. <p>
    560. 

  560.                             A numeric instance is valid against "multipleOf" if the
    561. 

  561.                             result of the division of the instance by this keyword's value is
    562. 

  562.                             an integer.
    563. 

  563.                         
    564. 

  564. </p>
    565. 

  565. <a name="anchor17"></a><br /><hr />
    566. 

  566. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    567. 

  567. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.2"></a><h3>5.1.2.&nbsp;
    568. 

  568. maximum and exclusiveMaximum</h3>
    569. 

  569. 

  570. <a name="anchor18"></a><br /><hr />
    571. 

  571. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    572. 

  572. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.2.1"></a><h3>5.1.2.1.&nbsp;
    573. 

  573. Valid values</h3>
    574. 

  574. 

  575. <p>
    576. 

  576.                             The value of "maximum" MUST be a JSON number. The value of
    577. 

  577.                             "exclusiveMaximum" MUST be a boolean.
    578. 

  578.                         
    579. 

  579. </p>
    580. 

  580. <p>
    581. 

  581.                             If "exclusiveMaximum" is present, "maximum" MUST also be present.
    582. 

  582.                         
    583. 

  583. </p>
    584. 

  584. <a name="anchor19"></a><br /><hr />
    585. 

  585. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    586. 

  586. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.2.2"></a><h3>5.1.2.2.&nbsp;
    587. 

  587. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    588. 

  588. 

  589. <p>
    590. 

  590.                             Successful validation depends on the presence and value of
    591. 

  591.                             "exclusiveMaximum":
    592. 

  592. 

  593.                             </p>
    594. 

  594. <blockquote class="text">
    595. 

  595. <p>if "exclusiveMaximum" is not present, or has boolean value false,
    596. 

  596.                                 then the instance is valid if it is lower than, or equal to, the
    597. 

  597.                                 value of "maximum";
    598. 

  598. </p>
    599. 

  599. <p>if "exclusiveMaximum" has boolean value true, the instance is
    600. 

  600.                                 valid if it is strictly lower than the value of "maximum".
    601. 

  601. </p>
    602. 

  602. </blockquote><p>
    603. 

  603.                         
    604. 

  604. </p>
    605. 

  605. <a name="anchor20"></a><br /><hr />
    606. 

  606. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    607. 

  607. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.2.3"></a><h3>5.1.2.3.&nbsp;
    608. 

  608. Default value</h3>
    609. 

  609. 

  610. <p>
    611. 

  611.                             "exclusiveMaximum", if absent, may be considered as being present with
    612. 

  612.                             boolean value false.
    613. 

  613.                         
    614. 

  614. </p>
    615. 

  615. <a name="anchor21"></a><br /><hr />
    616. 

  616. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    617. 

  617. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.3"></a><h3>5.1.3.&nbsp;
    618. 

  618. minimum and exclusiveMinimum</h3>
    619. 

  619. 

  620. <a name="anchor22"></a><br /><hr />
    621. 

  621. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    622. 

  622. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.3.1"></a><h3>5.1.3.1.&nbsp;
    623. 

  623. Valid values</h3>
    624. 

  624. 

  625. <p>
    626. 

  626.                             The value of "minimum" MUST be a JSON number. The value of
    627. 

  627.                             "exclusiveMinimum" MUST be a boolean.
    628. 

  628.                         
    629. 

  629. </p>
    630. 

  630. <p>
    631. 

  631.                             If "exclusiveMinimum" is present, "minimum" MUST also be present.
    632. 

  632.                         
    633. 

  633. </p>
    634. 

  634. <a name="anchor23"></a><br /><hr />
    635. 

  635. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    636. 

  636. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.3.2"></a><h3>5.1.3.2.&nbsp;
    637. 

  637. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    638. 

  638. 

  639. <p>
    640. 

  640.                             Successful validation depends on the presence and value of
    641. 

  641.                             "exclusiveMinimum":
    642. 

  642. 

  643.                             </p>
    644. 

  644. <blockquote class="text">
    645. 

  645. <p>if "exclusiveMinimum" is not present, or has boolean value false,
    646. 

  646.                                 then the instance is valid if it is greater than, or equal to, the
    647. 

  647.                                 value of "minimum";
    648. 

  648. </p>
    649. 

  649. <p>if "exclusiveMinimum" is present and has boolean value true, the
    650. 

  650.                                 instance is valid if it is strictly greater than the value of
    651. 

  651.                                 "minimum".
    652. 

  652. </p>
    653. 

  653. </blockquote><p>
    654. 

  654.                         
    655. 

  655. </p>
    656. 

  656. <a name="anchor24"></a><br /><hr />
    657. 

  657. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    658. 

  658. <a name="rfc.section.5.1.3.3"></a><h3>5.1.3.3.&nbsp;
    659. 

  659. Default value</h3>
    660. 

  660. 

  661. <p>
    662. 

  662.                             "exclusiveMinimum", if absent, may be considered as being present with
    663. 

  663.                             boolean value false.
    664. 

  664.                         
    665. 

  665. </p>
    666. 

  666. <a name="anchor25"></a><br /><hr />
    667. 

  667. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    668. 

  668. <a name="rfc.section.5.2"></a><h3>5.2.&nbsp;
    669. 

  669. Validation keywords for strings</h3>
    670. 

  670. 

  671. <a name="anchor26"></a><br /><hr />
    672. 

  672. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    673. 

  673. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.1"></a><h3>5.2.1.&nbsp;
    674. 

  674. maxLength</h3>
    675. 

  675. 

  676. <a name="anchor27"></a><br /><hr />
    677. 

  677. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    678. 

  678. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.1.1"></a><h3>5.2.1.1.&nbsp;
    679. 

  679. Valid values</h3>
    680. 

  680. 

  681. <p>
    682. 

  682.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an integer. This integer MUST be
    683. 

  683.                             greater than, or equal to, 0.
    684. 

  684.                         
    685. 

  685. </p>
    686. 

  686. <a name="anchor28"></a><br /><hr />
    687. 

  687. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    688. 

  688. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.1.2"></a><h3>5.2.1.2.&nbsp;
    689. 

  689. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    690. 

  690. 

  691. <p>
    692. 

  692.                             A string instance is valid against this keyword if its
    693. 

  693.                             length is less than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
    694. 

  694.                         
    695. 

  695. </p>
    696. 

  696. <p>
    697. 

  697.                             The length of a string instance is defined as the number of its
    698. 

  698.                             characters as defined by <a class='info' href='#RFC4627'>RFC 4627<span> (</span><span class='info'>Crockford, D., &ldquo;The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON),&rdquo; July&nbsp;2006.</span><span>)</span></a> [RFC4627].
    699. 

  699.                         
    700. 

  700. </p>
    701. 

  701. <a name="anchor29"></a><br /><hr />
    702. 

  702. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    703. 

  703. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.2"></a><h3>5.2.2.&nbsp;
    704. 

  704. minLength</h3>
    705. 

  705. 

  706. <a name="anchor30"></a><br /><hr />
    707. 

  707. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    708. 

  708. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.2.1"></a><h3>5.2.2.1.&nbsp;
    709. 

  709. Valid values</h3>
    710. 

  710. 

  711. <p>
    712. 

  712.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an integer. This integer MUST be
    713. 

  713.                             greater than, or equal to, 0.
    714. 

  714.                         
    715. 

  715. </p>
    716. 

  716. <a name="anchor31"></a><br /><hr />
    717. 

  717. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    718. 

  718. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.2.2"></a><h3>5.2.2.2.&nbsp;
    719. 

  719. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    720. 

  720. 

  721. <p>
    722. 

  722.                             A string instance is valid against this keyword if its
    723. 

  723.                             length is greater than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
    724. 

  724.                         
    725. 

  725. </p>
    726. 

  726. <p>
    727. 

  727.                             The length of a string instance is defined as the number of its
    728. 

  728.                             characters as defined by <a class='info' href='#RFC4627'>RFC 4627<span> (</span><span class='info'>Crockford, D., &ldquo;The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON),&rdquo; July&nbsp;2006.</span><span>)</span></a> [RFC4627].
    729. 

  729.                         
    730. 

  730. </p>
    731. 

  731. <a name="anchor32"></a><br /><hr />
    732. 

  732. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    733. 

  733. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.2.3"></a><h3>5.2.2.3.&nbsp;
    734. 

  734. Default value</h3>
    735. 

  735. 

  736. <p>
    737. 

  737.                             "minLength", if absent, may be considered as being present with integer
    738. 

  738.                             value 0.
    739. 

  739.                         
    740. 

  740. </p>
    741. 

  741. <a name="anchor33"></a><br /><hr />
    742. 

  742. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    743. 

  743. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.3"></a><h3>5.2.3.&nbsp;
    744. 

  744. pattern</h3>
    745. 

  745. 

  746. <a name="anchor34"></a><br /><hr />
    747. 

  747. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    748. 

  748. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.3.1"></a><h3>5.2.3.1.&nbsp;
    749. 

  749. Valid values</h3>
    750. 

  750. 

  751. <p>
    752. 

  752.                             The value of this keyword MUST be a string. This string SHOULD be a
    753. 

  753.                             valid regular expression, according to the ECMA 262 regular expression
    754. 

  754.                             dialect.
    755. 

  755.                         
    756. 

  756. </p>
    757. 

  757. <a name="anchor35"></a><br /><hr />
    758. 

  758. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    759. 

  759. <a name="rfc.section.5.2.3.2"></a><h3>5.2.3.2.&nbsp;
    760. 

  760. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    761. 

  761. 

  762. <p>
    763. 

  763.                             A string instance is considered valid if the regular
    764. 

  764.                             expression matches the instance successfully. Recall: regular
    765. 

  765.                             expressions are not implicitly anchored.
    766. 

  766.                         
    767. 

  767. </p>
    768. 

  768. <a name="anchor36"></a><br /><hr />
    769. 

  769. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    770. 

  770. <a name="rfc.section.5.3"></a><h3>5.3.&nbsp;
    771. 

  771. Validation keywords for arrays</h3>
    772. 

  772. 

  773. <a name="anchor37"></a><br /><hr />
    774. 

  774. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    775. 

  775. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.1"></a><h3>5.3.1.&nbsp;
    776. 

  776. additionalItems and items</h3>
    777. 

  777. 

  778. <a name="anchor38"></a><br /><hr />
    779. 

  779. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    780. 

  780. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.1.1"></a><h3>5.3.1.1.&nbsp;
    781. 

  781. Valid values</h3>
    782. 

  782. 

  783. <p>
    784. 

  784.                             The value of "additionalItems" MUST be either a boolean or an object. If
    785. 

  785.                             it is an object, this object MUST be a valid JSON Schema.
    786. 

  786.                         
    787. 

  787. </p>
    788. 

  788. <p>
    789. 

  789.                             The value of "items" MUST be either an object or an array. If it is an
    790. 

  790.                             object, this object MUST be a valid JSON Schema. If it is an array,
    791. 

  791.                             items of this array MUST be objects, and each of these objects MUST be a
    792. 

  792.                             valid JSON Schema.
    793. 

  793.                         
    794. 

  794. </p>
    795. 

  795. <a name="anchor39"></a><br /><hr />
    796. 

  796. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    797. 

  797. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.1.2"></a><h3>5.3.1.2.&nbsp;
    798. 

  798. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    799. 

  799. 

  800. <p>
    801. 

  801.                             Successful validation of an array instance with regards to these two
    802. 

  802.                             keywords is determined as follows:
    803. 

  803. 

  804.                             </p>
    805. 

  805. <blockquote class="text">
    806. 

  806. <p>if "items" is not present, or its value is an object, validation
    807. 

  807.                                 of the instance always succeeds, regardless of the value of
    808. 

  808.                                 "additionalItems";
    809. 

  809. </p>
    810. 

  810. <p>if the value of "additionalItems" is boolean value true or an
    811. 

  811.                                 object, validation of the instance always succeeds;
    812. 

  812. </p>
    813. 

  813. <p>if the value of "additionalItems" is boolean value false and the
    814. 

  814.                                 value of "items" is an array, the instance is valid if
    815. 

  815.                                 its size is less than, or equal to, the size of "items".
    816. 

  816. </p>
    817. 

  817. </blockquote><p>
    818. 

  818.                         
    819. 

  819. </p>
    820. 

  820. <a name="anchor40"></a><br /><hr />
    821. 

  821. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    822. 

  822. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.1.3"></a><h3>5.3.1.3.&nbsp;
    823. 

  823. Example</h3>
    824. 

  824. 

  825. <p>
    826. 

  826.                             The following example covers the case where "additionalItems" has
    827. 

  827.                             boolean value false and "items" is an array, since this is the only
    828. 

  828.                             situation under which an instance may fail to validate successfully.
    829. 

  829.                         
    830. 

  830. </p>
    831. 

  831. <p>This is an example schema:
    832. 

  832. </p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
    833. 

  833. 

  834. {
    835. 

  835.     "items": [ {}, {}, {} ],
    836. 

  836.     "additionalItems": false
    837. 

  837. }
    838. 

  838. 

  839. </pre></div>
    840. 

  840. <p>
    841. 

  841.                             With this schema, the following instances are valid:
    842. 

  842. 

  843.                             </p>
    844. 

  844. <blockquote class="text">
    845. 

  845. <p>[] (an empty array),
    846. 

  846. </p>
    847. 

  847. <p>[ [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], [ 5, 6, 7, 8 ] ],
    848. 

  848. </p>
    849. 

  849. <p>[ 1, 2, 3 ];
    850. 

  850. </p>
    851. 

  851. </blockquote><p>
    852. 

  852.                         
    853. 

  853. </p>
    854. 

  854. <p>
    855. 

  855.                             the following instances are invalid:
    856. 

  856. 

  857.                             </p>
    858. 

  858. <blockquote class="text">
    859. 

  859. <p>[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ],
    860. 

  860. </p>
    861. 

  861. <p>[ null, { "a": "b" }, true, 31.000002020013 ]
    862. 

  862. </p>
    863. 

  863. </blockquote><p>
    864. 

  864.                         
    865. 

  865. </p>
    866. 

  866. <a name="anchor41"></a><br /><hr />
    867. 

  867. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    868. 

  868. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.1.4"></a><h3>5.3.1.4.&nbsp;
    869. 

  869. Default values</h3>
    870. 

  870. 

  871. <p>
    872. 

  872.                             If either keyword is absent, it may be considered present with an empty
    873. 

  873.                             schema.
    874. 

  874.                         
    875. 

  875. </p>
    876. 

  876. <a name="anchor42"></a><br /><hr />
    877. 

  877. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    878. 

  878. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.2"></a><h3>5.3.2.&nbsp;
    879. 

  879. maxItems</h3>
    880. 

  880. 

  881. <a name="anchor43"></a><br /><hr />
    882. 

  882. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    883. 

  883. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.2.1"></a><h3>5.3.2.1.&nbsp;
    884. 

  884. Valid values</h3>
    885. 

  885. 

  886. <p>
    887. 

  887.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an integer. This integer MUST be
    888. 

  888.                             greater than, or equal to, 0.
    889. 

  889.                         
    890. 

  890. </p>
    891. 

  891. <a name="anchor44"></a><br /><hr />
    892. 

  892. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    893. 

  893. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.2.2"></a><h3>5.3.2.2.&nbsp;
    894. 

  894. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    895. 

  895. 

  896. <p>
    897. 

  897.                             An array instance is valid against "maxItems" if its size is
    898. 

  898.                             less than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
    899. 

  899.                         
    900. 

  900. </p>
    901. 

  901. <a name="anchor45"></a><br /><hr />
    902. 

  902. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    903. 

  903. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.3"></a><h3>5.3.3.&nbsp;
    904. 

  904. minItems</h3>
    905. 

  905. 

  906. <a name="anchor46"></a><br /><hr />
    907. 

  907. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    908. 

  908. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.3.1"></a><h3>5.3.3.1.&nbsp;
    909. 

  909. Valid values</h3>
    910. 

  910. 

  911. <p>
    912. 

  912.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an integer. This integer MUST be
    913. 

  913.                             greater than, or equal to, 0.
    914. 

  914.                         
    915. 

  915. </p>
    916. 

  916. <a name="anchor47"></a><br /><hr />
    917. 

  917. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    918. 

  918. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.3.2"></a><h3>5.3.3.2.&nbsp;
    919. 

  919. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    920. 

  920. 

  921. <p>
    922. 

  922.                             An array instance is valid against "minItems" if its size is
    923. 

  923.                             greater than, or equal to, the value of this keyword.
    924. 

  924.                         
    925. 

  925. </p>
    926. 

  926. <a name="anchor48"></a><br /><hr />
    927. 

  927. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    928. 

  928. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.3.3"></a><h3>5.3.3.3.&nbsp;
    929. 

  929. Default value</h3>
    930. 

  930. 

  931. <p>
    932. 

  932.                             If this keyword is not present, it may be considered present with a
    933. 

  933.                             value of 0.
    934. 

  934.                         
    935. 

  935. </p>
    936. 

  936. <a name="anchor49"></a><br /><hr />
    937. 

  937. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    938. 

  938. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.4"></a><h3>5.3.4.&nbsp;
    939. 

  939. uniqueItems</h3>
    940. 

  940. 

  941. <a name="anchor50"></a><br /><hr />
    942. 

  942. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    943. 

  943. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.4.1"></a><h3>5.3.4.1.&nbsp;
    944. 

  944. Valid values</h3>
    945. 

  945. 

  946. <p>
    947. 

  947.                             The value of this keyword MUST be a boolean.
    948. 

  948.                         
    949. 

  949. </p>
    950. 

  950. <a name="anchor51"></a><br /><hr />
    951. 

  951. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    952. 

  952. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.4.2"></a><h3>5.3.4.2.&nbsp;
    953. 

  953. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    954. 

  954. 

  955. <p>
    956. 

  956.                             If this keyword has boolean value false, the instance validates
    957. 

  957.                             successfully. If it has boolean value true, the instance validates
    958. 

  958.                             successfully if all of its elements are unique.
    959. 

  959.                         
    960. 

  960. </p>
    961. 

  961. <a name="anchor52"></a><br /><hr />
    962. 

  962. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    963. 

  963. <a name="rfc.section.5.3.4.3"></a><h3>5.3.4.3.&nbsp;
    964. 

  964. Default value</h3>
    965. 

  965. 

  966. <p>
    967. 

  967.                             If not present, this keyword may be considered present with boolean
    968. 

  968.                             value false.
    969. 

  969.                         
    970. 

  970. </p>
    971. 

  971. <a name="anchor53"></a><br /><hr />
    972. 

  972. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    973. 

  973. <a name="rfc.section.5.4"></a><h3>5.4.&nbsp;
    974. 

  974. Validation keywords for objects</h3>
    975. 

  975. 

  976. <a name="anchor54"></a><br /><hr />
    977. 

  977. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    978. 

  978. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.1"></a><h3>5.4.1.&nbsp;
    979. 

  979. maxProperties</h3>
    980. 

  980. 

  981. <a name="anchor55"></a><br /><hr />
    982. 

  982. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    983. 

  983. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.1.1"></a><h3>5.4.1.1.&nbsp;
    984. 

  984. Valid values</h3>
    985. 

  985. 

  986. <p>
    987. 

  987.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an integer. This integer MUST be
    988. 

  988.                             greater than, or equal to, 0.
    989. 

  989.                         
    990. 

  990. </p>
    991. 

  991. <a name="anchor56"></a><br /><hr />
    992. 

  992. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    993. 

  993. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.1.2"></a><h3>5.4.1.2.&nbsp;
    994. 

  994. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    995. 

  995. 

  996. <p>
    997. 

  997.                             An object instance is valid against "maxProperties" if its
    998. 

  998.                             number of properties is less than, or equal to, the value of this
    999. 

  999.                             keyword.
    1000. 

  1000.                         
    1001. 

  1001. </p>
    1002. 

  1002. <a name="anchor57"></a><br /><hr />
    1003. 

  1003. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    1004. 

  1004. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.2"></a><h3>5.4.2.&nbsp;
    1005. 

  1005. minProperties</h3>
    1006. 

  1006. 

  1007. <a name="anchor58"></a><br /><hr />
    1008. 

  1008. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    1009. 

  1009. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.2.1"></a><h3>5.4.2.1.&nbsp;
    1010. 

  1010. Valid values</h3>
    1011. 

  1011. 

  1012. <p>
    1013. 

  1013.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an integer. This integer MUST be
    1014. 

  1014.                             greater than, or equal to, 0.
    1015. 

  1015.                         
    1016. 

  1016. </p>
    1017. 

  1017. <a name="anchor59"></a><br /><hr />
    1018. 

  1018. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    1019. 

  1019. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.2.2"></a><h3>5.4.2.2.&nbsp;
    1020. 

  1020. Conditions for successful validation</h3>
    1021. 

  1021. 

  1022. <p>
    1023. 

  1023.                             An object instance is valid against "minProperties" if its
    1024. 

  1024.                             number of properties is greater than, or equal to, the value of this
    1025. 

  1025.                             keyword.
    1026. 

  1026.                         
    1027. 

  1027. </p>
    1028. 

  1028. <a name="anchor60"></a><br /><hr />
    1029. 

  1029. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    1030. 

  1030. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.2.3"></a><h3>5.4.2.3.&nbsp;
    1031. 

  1031. Default value</h3>
    1032. 

  1032. 

  1033. <p>
    1034. 

  1034.                             If this keyword is not present, it may be considered present with a
    1035. 

  1035.                             value of 0.
    1036. 

  1036.                         
    1037. 

  1037. </p>
    1038. 

  1038. <a name="anchor61"></a><br /><hr />
    1039. 

  1039. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    1040. 

  1040. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.3"></a><h3>5.4.3.&nbsp;
    1041. 

  1041. required</h3>
    1042. 

  1042. 

  1043. <a name="anchor62"></a><br /><hr />
    1044. 

  1044. <table summary="layout" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" class="TOCbug" align="right"><tr><td class="TOCbug"><a href="#toc">&nbsp;TOC&nbsp;</a></td></tr></table>
    1045. 

  1045. <a name="rfc.section.5.4.3.1"></a><h3>5.4.3.1.&nbsp;
    1046. 

  1046. Valid values</h3>
    1047. 

  1047. 

  1048. <p>
    1049. 

  1049.                             The value of this keyword MUST be an array. This array MUST have at
    1050. 

  1050.                             least one element. Elements
    1051.