/src/pentest/miranda/miranda.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python
################################
# Interactive UPNP application #
# Craig Heffner                #
# www.sourcesec.com            #
# 07/16/2008                   #
################################

try:
	import sys,os
	from socket import *
	from urllib2 import URLError, HTTPError
	from platform import system as thisSystem
	import xml.dom.minidom as minidom
	import IN,urllib,urllib2
	import readline,time
	import pickle
	import struct
	import base64
	import re
	import getopt
except Exception,e:
	print 'Unmet dependency:',e
	sys.exit(1)

#Most of the cmdCompleter class was originally written by John Kenyan
#It serves to tab-complete commands inside the program's shell
class cmdCompleter:
    def __init__(self,commands):
        self.commands = commands

    #Traverses the list of available commands
    def traverse(self,tokens,tree):
	retVal = []

	#If there are no commands, or no user input, return null
	if tree is None or len(tokens) == 0:
            return []
	#If there is only one word, only auto-complete the primary commands
        elif len(tokens) == 1:
            retVal = [x+' ' for x in tree if x.startswith(tokens[0])]
	#Else auto-complete for the sub-commands
        elif tokens[0] in tree.keys():
                retVal = self.traverse(tokens[1:],tree[tokens[0]])
	return retVal

    #Returns a list of possible commands that match the partial command that the user has entered
    def complete(self,text,state):
        try:
            tokens = readline.get_line_buffer().split()
            if not tokens or readline.get_line_buffer()[-1] == ' ':
                tokens.append('')
            results = self.traverse(tokens,self.commands) + [None]
            return results[state]
        except:
            return

#UPNP class for getting, sending and parsing SSDP/SOAP XML data (among other things...)
class upnp:
	ip = False
	port = False
	completer = False
	msearchHeaders = {
		'MAN' : '"ssdp:discover"',
		'MX'  : '2'
	}
	DEFAULT_IP = "239.255.255.250"
	DEFAULT_PORT = 1900
	UPNP_VERSION = '1.0'
	MAX_RECV = 8192
	HTTP_HEADERS = []
	ENUM_HOSTS = {}
	VERBOSE = False
	UNIQ = False
	DEBUG = False
	LOG_FILE = False
	IFACE = None
	STARS = '****************************************************************'
	csock = False
	ssock = False

	def __init__(self,ip,port,iface,appCommands):
		if appCommands:
			self.completer = cmdCompleter(appCommands)
		if self.initSockets(ip,port,iface) == False:
			print 'UPNP class initialization failed!'
			print 'Bye!'
			sys.exit(1)
		else:
			self.soapEnd = re.compile('<\/.*:envelope>')

	#Initialize default sockets
	def initSockets(self,ip,port,iface):
		if self.csock:
			self.csock.close()
		if self.ssock:
			self.ssock.close()

		if iface != None:
			self.IFACE = iface
		if not ip:
                	ip = self.DEFAULT_IP
                if not port:
                	port = self.DEFAULT_PORT
                self.port = port
                self.ip = ip
		
		try:
			#This is needed to join a multicast group
			self.mreq = struct.pack("4sl",inet_aton(ip),INADDR_ANY)

			#Set up client socket
			self.csock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
			self.csock.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IP,IP_MULTICAST_TTL,2)
			
			#Set up server socket
			self.ssock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,IPPROTO_UDP)
			self.ssock.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
			
			#Only bind to this interface
			if self.IFACE != None:
				print '\nBinding to interface',self.IFACE,'...\n'
				self.ssock.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,IN.SO_BINDTODEVICE,struct.pack("%ds" % (len(self.IFACE)+1,), self.IFACE))
				self.csock.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,IN.SO_BINDTODEVICE,struct.pack("%ds" % (len(self.IFACE)+1,), self.IFACE))

			try:
				self.ssock.bind(('',self.port))
			except Exception, e:
				print "WARNING: Failed to bind %s:%d: %s" , (self.ip,self.port,e)
			try:
				self.ssock.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,self.mreq)
			except Exception, e:
				print 'WARNING: Failed to join multicast group:',e
		except Exception, e:
			print "Failed to initialize UPNP sockets:",e
			return False
		return True

	#Clean up file/socket descriptors
	def cleanup(self):
		if self.LOG_FILE != False:
			self.LOG_FILE.close()
		self.csock.close()
		self.ssock.close()

	#Send network data
	def send(self,data,socket):
		#By default, use the client socket that's part of this class
		if socket == False:
			socket = self.csock
		try:
			socket.sendto(data,(self.ip,self.port))
			return True
		except Exception, e:
			print "SendTo method failed for %s:%d : %s" % (self.ip,self.port,e)
			return False

	#Listen for network data
	def listen(self,size,socket):
		if socket == False:
			socket = self.ssock

		try:
			return socket.recv(size)
		except:
			return False

	#Create new UDP socket on ip, bound to port
	def createNewListener(self,ip,port):
		try:
			newsock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,IPPROTO_UDP)
			newsock.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
			newsock.bind((ip,port))
			return newsock
		except:
			return False

	#Return the class's primary server socket
	def listener(self):
		return self.ssock

	#Return the class's primary client socket
	def sender(self):
		return self.csock

	#Parse a URL, return the host and the page
	def parseURL(self,url):
		delim = '://'
		host = False
		page = False

		#Split the host and page
		try:
			(host,page) = url.split(delim)[1].split('/',1)
			page = '/' + page
		except:
			#If '://' is not in the url, then it's not a full URL, so assume that it's just a relative path
			page = url

		return (host,page)

	#Pull the name of the device type from a device type string
	#The device type string looks like: 'urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:WANDevice:1'
	def parseDeviceTypeName(self,string):
		delim1 = 'device:'
		delim2 = ':'

		if delim1 in string and not string.endswith(delim1):
			return string.split(delim1)[1].split(delim2,1)[0]
		return False

	#Pull the name of the service type from a service type string
	#The service type string looks like: 'urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:Layer3Forwarding:1'
	def parseServiceTypeName(self,string):
		delim1 = 'service:'
		delim2 = ':'

		if delim1 in string and not string.endswith(delim1):
			return string.split(delim1)[1].split(delim2,1)[0]
		return False

	#Pull the header info for the specified HTTP header - case insensitive
	def parseHeader(self,data,header):
		delimiter = "%s:" % header
		defaultRet = False

		lowerDelim = delimiter.lower()
		dataArray = data.split("\r\n")
	
		#Loop through each line of the headers
		for line in dataArray:
			lowerLine = line.lower()
			#Does this line start with the header we're looking for?
			if lowerLine.startswith(lowerDelim):
				try:
					return line.split(':',1)[1].strip()
				except:
					print "Failure parsing header data for %s" % header
		return defaultRet

	#Extract the contents of a single XML tag from the data
	def extractSingleTag(self,data,tag):
		startTag = "<%s" % tag
		endTag = "</%s>" % tag

		try:
			tmp = data.split(startTag)[1]
			index = tmp.find('>')
			if index != -1:
				index += 1
				return tmp[index:].split(endTag)[0].strip()
		except:
			pass
		return None

	#Parses SSDP notify and reply packets, and populates the ENUM_HOSTS dict
	def parseSSDPInfo(self,data,showUniq,verbose):
		hostFound = False
		foundLocation = False
		messageType = False
		xmlFile = False
		host = False
		page = False
		upnpType = None
		knownHeaders = {
				'NOTIFY' : 'notification',
				'HTTP/1.1 200 OK' : 'reply'
		}

		#Use the class defaults if these aren't specified
		if showUniq == False:
			showUniq = self.UNIQ
		if verbose == False:
			verbose = self.VERBOSE

		#Is the SSDP packet a notification, a reply, or neither?
		for text,messageType in knownHeaders.iteritems():
			if data.upper().startswith(text):
				break
			else:
				messageType = False

		#If this is a notification or a reply message...
		if messageType != False:
			#Get the host name and location of it's main UPNP XML file
			xmlFile = self.parseHeader(data,"LOCATION")
			upnpType = self.parseHeader(data,"SERVER")
			(host,page) = self.parseURL(xmlFile)

			#Sanity check to make sure we got all the info we need
			if xmlFile == False or host == False or page == False:
				print 'ERROR parsing recieved header:'
				print self.STARS
				print data
				print self.STARS
				print ''
				return False

			#Get the protocol in use (i.e., http, https, etc)
			protocol = xmlFile.split('://')[0]+'://'

			#Check if we've seen this host before; add to the list of hosts if:
			#	1. This is a new host
			#	2. We've already seen this host, but the uniq hosts setting is disabled
			for hostID,hostInfo in self.ENUM_HOSTS.iteritems():
				if hostInfo['name'] == host:
					hostFound = True
					if self.UNIQ:
						return False

			if (hostFound and not self.UNIQ) or not hostFound:
				#Get the new host's index number and create an entry in ENUM_HOSTS
				index = len(self.ENUM_HOSTS)
				self.ENUM_HOSTS[index] = {
								'name' : host,
								'dataComplete' : False,
								'proto' : protocol,
								'xmlFile' : xmlFile,
								'serverType' : None,
								'upnpServer' : upnpType,
								'deviceList' : {}
							}
				#Be sure to update the command completer so we can tab complete through this host's data structure
				self.updateCmdCompleter(self.ENUM_HOSTS)

			#Print out some basic device info
			print self.STARS
			print "SSDP %s message from %s" % (messageType,host)

			if xmlFile:
				foundLocation = True
				print "XML file is located at %s" % xmlFile

			if upnpType:
				print "Device is running %s"% upnpType

			print self.STARS
			print ''

	#Send GET request for a UPNP XML file
	def getXML(self,url):

		headers = {
                            'USER-AGENT':'uPNP/'+self.UPNP_VERSION,
                            'CONTENT-TYPE':'text/xml; charset="utf-8"'
                }

                try:
			#Use urllib2 for the request, it's awesome
                        req = urllib2.Request(url, None, headers)
                        response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
                        output = response.read()
			headers = response.info()
			return (headers,output)
		except Exception, e:
			print "Request for '%s' failed: %s" % (url,e)
			return (False,False)

	#Send SOAP request
	def sendSOAP(self,hostName,serviceType,controlURL,actionName,actionArguments):
		argList = ''
		soapResponse = ''

		if '://' in controlURL:
			urlArray = controlURL.split('/',3)
			if len(urlArray) < 4:
				controlURL = '/'
			else:
				controlURL = '/' + urlArray[3]


		soapRequest = 'POST %s HTTP/1.1\r\n' % controlURL

		#Check if a port number was specified in the host name; default is port 80
		if ':' in hostName:
			hostNameArray = hostName.split(':')
			host = hostNameArray[0]
			try:
				port = int(hostNameArray[1])
			except:
				print 'Invalid port specified for host connection:',hostName[1]
				return False
		else:
			host = hostName
			port = 80

		#Create a string containing all of the SOAP action's arguments and values
		for arg,(val,dt) in actionArguments.iteritems():
			argList += '<%s>%s</%s>' % (arg,val,arg)

		#Create the SOAP request
		soapBody = 	'<?xml version="1.0"?>\n'\
				'<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">\n'\
				'<SOAP-ENV:Body>\n'\
				'\t<m:%s xmlns:m="%s">\n'\
				'%s\n'\
				'\t</m:%s>\n'\
				'</SOAP-ENV:Body>\n'\
				'</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>' % (actionName,serviceType,argList,actionName)

		#Specify the headers to send with the request
		headers = 	{
				'Host':hostName,
				'Content-Length':len(soapBody),
				'Content-Type':'text/xml',
				'SOAPAction':'"%s#%s"' % (serviceType,actionName)
				}

		#Generate the final payload
		for head,value in headers.iteritems():
			soapRequest += '%s: %s\r\n' % (head,value)
		soapRequest += '\r\n%s' % soapBody
		
		#Send data and go into recieve loop
		try:
                        sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
                        sock.connect((host,port))
                        sock.send(soapRequest)
                        while True:
				data = sock.recv(self.MAX_RECV)
				if not data:
					break
				else:
					soapResponse += data
					if self.soapEnd.search(soapResponse.lower()) != None:
						break
                        sock.close()
	
			(header,body) = soapResponse.split('\r\n\r\n',1)
			if not header.upper().startswith('HTTP/1.1 200'):
				print 'SOAP request failed with error code:',header.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ',1)[1]
				errorMsg = self.extractSingleTag(body,'errorDescription')
				if errorMsg:
					print 'SOAP error message:',errorMsg
				return False
			else:
				return body
                except Exception, e:
                        print 'Caught socket exception:',e
                        sock.close()
                        return False
                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                        sock.close()
			return False


	#Display all info for a given host
	def showCompleteHostInfo(self,index,fp):
		na = 'N/A'
		serviceKeys = ['controlURL','eventSubURL','serviceId','SCPDURL','fullName']
		if fp == False:
			fp = sys.stdout
		
		if index < 0 or index >= len(self.ENUM_HOSTS):
			fp.write('Specified host does not exist...\n')
			return
		try:
			hostInfo = self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]
			if hostInfo['dataComplete'] == False:
				print "Cannot show all host info because we don't have it all yet. Try running 'host info %d' first...\n" % index
			fp.write('Host name:         %s\n' % hostInfo['name'])
			fp.write('UPNP XML File:     %s\n\n' % hostInfo['xmlFile'])

			fp.write('\nDevice information:\n')
			for deviceName,deviceStruct in hostInfo['deviceList'].iteritems():
				fp.write('\tDevice Name: %s\n' % deviceName)
				for serviceName,serviceStruct in deviceStruct['services'].iteritems():
					fp.write('\t\tService Name: %s\n' % serviceName)
					for key in serviceKeys:
						fp.write('\t\t\t%s: %s\n' % (key,serviceStruct[key]))
					fp.write('\t\t\tServiceActions:\n')
					for actionName,actionStruct in serviceStruct['actions'].iteritems():
						fp.write('\t\t\t\t%s\n' % actionName)
						for argName,argStruct in actionStruct['arguments'].iteritems():
							fp.write('\t\t\t\t\t%s \n' % argName)
							for key,val in argStruct.iteritems():
								if key == 'relatedStateVariable':
									fp.write('\t\t\t\t\t\t%s:\n' % val)
									for k,v in serviceStruct['serviceStateVariables'][val].iteritems():
										fp.write('\t\t\t\t\t\t\t%s: %s\n' % (k,v))
								else:
									fp.write('\t\t\t\t\t\t%s: %s\n' % (key,val))
						
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Caught exception while showing host info:',e

	#Wrapper function...
	def getHostInfo(self,xmlData,xmlHeaders,index):
		if self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['dataComplete'] == True:
			return

		if index >= 0 and index < len(self.ENUM_HOSTS):
			try:
				xmlRoot = minidom.parseString(xmlData)
				self.parseDeviceInfo(xmlRoot,index)
				self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['serverType'] = xmlHeaders.getheader('Server')
				self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['dataComplete'] = True
				return True
			except Exception, e:
				print 'Caught exception while getting host info:',e
		return False

	#Parse device info from the retrieved XML file
	def parseDeviceInfo(self,xmlRoot,index):
		deviceEntryPointer = False
		devTag = "device"
		deviceType = "deviceType"
		deviceListEntries = "deviceList"
		deviceTags = ["friendlyName","modelDescription","modelName","modelNumber","modelURL","presentationURL","UDN","UPC","manufacturer","manufacturerURL"]

		#Find all device entries listed in the XML file
		for device in xmlRoot.getElementsByTagName(devTag):
			try:
				#Get the deviceType string
				deviceTypeName = str(device.getElementsByTagName(deviceType)[0].childNodes[0].data)
			except:
				continue

			#Pull out the action device name from the deviceType string
			deviceDisplayName = self.parseDeviceTypeName(deviceTypeName)
			if not deviceDisplayName:
				continue

			#Create a new device entry for this host in the ENUM_HOSTS structure
			deviceEntryPointer = self.ENUM_HOSTS[index][deviceListEntries][deviceDisplayName] = {}
			deviceEntryPointer['fullName'] = deviceTypeName

			#Parse out all the device tags for that device
			for tag in deviceTags:
				try:
					deviceEntryPointer[tag] = str(device.getElementsByTagName(tag)[0].childNodes[0].data)
				except Exception, e:
					if self.VERBOSE:
						print 'Device',deviceEntryPointer['fullName'],'does not have a',tag
					continue
			#Get a list of all services for this device listing
			self.parseServiceList(device,deviceEntryPointer,index)

		return

	#Parse the list of services specified in the XML file
	def parseServiceList(self,xmlRoot,device,index):
		serviceEntryPointer = False
		dictName = "services"
		serviceListTag = "serviceList"
		serviceTag = "service"
		serviceNameTag = "serviceType"
		serviceTags = ["serviceId","controlURL","eventSubURL","SCPDURL"]

		try:
			device[dictName] = {}
			#Get a list of all services offered by this device
			for service in xmlRoot.getElementsByTagName(serviceListTag)[0].getElementsByTagName(serviceTag):
				#Get the full service descriptor
				serviceName = str(service.getElementsByTagName(serviceNameTag)[0].childNodes[0].data)

				#Get the service name from the service descriptor string
				serviceDisplayName = self.parseServiceTypeName(serviceName)
				if not serviceDisplayName:
					continue

				#Create new service entry for the device in ENUM_HOSTS
				serviceEntryPointer = device[dictName][serviceDisplayName] = {}
				serviceEntryPointer['fullName'] = serviceName

				#Get all of the required service info and add it to ENUM_HOSTS
				for tag in serviceTags:
					serviceEntryPointer[tag] = str(service.getElementsByTagName(tag)[0].childNodes[0].data)

				#Get specific service info about this service
				self.parseServiceInfo(serviceEntryPointer,index)
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Caught exception while parsing device service list:',e

	#Parse details about each service (arguements, variables, etc)
	def parseServiceInfo(self,service,index):
		argIndex = 0
		argTags = ['direction','relatedStateVariable']
		actionList = 'actionList'
		actionTag = 'action'
		nameTag = 'name'
		argumentList = 'argumentList'
		argumentTag = 'argument'

		#Get the full path to the service's XML file
		xmlFile = self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['proto'] + self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['name']
		if not xmlFile.endswith('/') and not service['SCPDURL'].startswith('/'):
			xmlFile += '/'
		if self.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['proto'] in service['SCPDURL']:
			xmlFile = service['SCPDURL']
		else:
			xmlFile += service['SCPDURL']
		service['actions'] = {}

		#Get the XML file that describes this service
		(xmlHeaders,xmlData) = self.getXML(xmlFile)
		if not xmlData:
			print 'Failed to retrieve service descriptor located at:',xmlFile
			return False

		try:
			xmlRoot = minidom.parseString(xmlData)	

			#Get a list of actions for this service
			try:
				actionList = xmlRoot.getElementsByTagName(actionList)[0]
			except:
				print 'Failed to retrieve action list for service %s!' % service['fullName']
				return False
			actions = actionList.getElementsByTagName(actionTag)
			if actions == []:
				print 'Failed to retrieve actions from service actions list for service %s!' % service['fullName']
				return False

			#Parse all actions in the service's action list
			for action in actions:
				#Get the action's name
				try:
					actionName = str(action.getElementsByTagName(nameTag)[0].childNodes[0].data).strip()
				except:
					print 'Failed to obtain service action name (%s)!' % service['fullName']
					continue
			
				#Add the action to the ENUM_HOSTS dictonary
				service['actions'][actionName] = {}
				service['actions'][actionName]['arguments'] = {}
	
				#Parse all of the action's arguments
				try:
					argList = action.getElementsByTagName(argumentList)[0]
				except:
					#Some actions may take no arguments, so continue without raising an error here...
					continue

				#Get all the arguments in this action's argument list
				arguments = argList.getElementsByTagName(argumentTag)
				if arguments == []:
					if self.VERBOSE:
						print 'Action',actionName,'has no arguments!'
					continue
				
				#Loop through the action's arguments, appending them to the ENUM_HOSTS dictionary
				for argument in arguments:
					try:
						argName = str(argument.getElementsByTagName(nameTag)[0].childNodes[0].data)
					except:
						print 'Failed to get argument name for',actionName
						continue
					service['actions'][actionName]['arguments'][argName] = {}

					#Get each required argument tag value and add them to ENUM_HOSTS
					for tag in argTags:
						try:
							service['actions'][actionName]['arguments'][argName][tag] = str(argument.getElementsByTagName(tag)[0].childNodes[0].data)
						except:
							print 'Failed to find tag %s for argument %s!' % (tag,argName)
							continue

			#Parse all of the state variables for this service					
			self.parseServiceStateVars(xmlRoot,service)

		except Exception, e:
			print 'Caught exception while parsing Service info for service %s: %s' % (service['fullName'],str(e))
			return False

		return True

	#Get info about a service's state variables
	def parseServiceStateVars(self,xmlRoot,servicePointer):

		na = 'N/A'
		varVals = ['sendEvents','dataType','defaultValue','allowedValues']
		serviceStateTable = 'serviceStateTable'
		stateVariable = 'stateVariable'
		nameTag = 'name'
		dataType = 'dataType'
		sendEvents = 'sendEvents'
		allowedValueList = 'allowedValueList'
		allowedValue = 'allowedValue'
		allowedValueRange = 'allowedValueRange'
		minimum = 'minimum'
		maximum = 'maximum'

		#Create the serviceStateVariables entry for this service in ENUM_HOSTS
		servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'] = {}

		#Get a list of all state variables associated with this service
		try:
			stateVars = xmlRoot.getElementsByTagName(serviceStateTable)[0].getElementsByTagName(stateVariable)
		except:
			#Don't necessarily want to throw an error here, as there may be no service state variables
			return False

		#Loop through all state variables
		for var in stateVars:
			for tag in varVals:
				#Get variable name
				try:
					varName = str(var.getElementsByTagName(nameTag)[0].childNodes[0].data)
				except:
					print 'Failed to get service state variable name for service %s!' % servicePointer['fullName']
					continue

				servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName] = {}
				try:
					servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName]['dataType'] = str(var.getElementsByTagName(dataType)[0].childNodes[0].data)
				except:
					servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName]['dataType'] = na
				try:
					servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName]['sendEvents'] = str(var.getElementsByTagName(sendEvents)[0].childNodes[0].data)
				except:
					servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName]['sendEvents'] = na

				servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName][allowedValueList] = []					

				#Get a list of allowed values for this variable
				try:
					vals = var.getElementsByTagName(allowedValueList)[0].getElementsByTagName(allowedValue)
				except:
					pass
				else:
					#Add the list of allowed values to the ENUM_HOSTS dictionary
					for val in vals:
						servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName][allowedValueList].append(str(val.childNodes[0].data))
				
				#Get allowed value range for this variable
				try:
					valList = var.getElementsByTagName(allowedValueRange)[0]
				except:
					pass
				else:
					#Add the max and min values to the ENUM_HOSTS dictionary
					servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName][allowedValueRange] = []
					try:
						servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName][allowedValueRange].append(str(valList.getElementsByTagName(minimum)[0].childNodes[0].data))
						servicePointer['serviceStateVariables'][varName][allowedValueRange].append(str(valList.getElementsByTagName(maximum)[0].childNodes[0].data))
					except:
						pass
		return True			

	#Update the command completer
	def updateCmdCompleter(self,struct):
		indexOnlyList = {
				'host' : ['get','details','summary'],
				'save' : ['info']
		}
		hostCommand = 'host'
		subCommandList = ['info']
		sendCommand = 'send'

		try:
			structPtr = {}
			topLevelKeys = {}
			for key,val in struct.iteritems():
				structPtr[str(key)] = val
				topLevelKeys[str(key)] = None
			
			#Update the subCommandList
			for subcmd in subCommandList:
				self.completer.commands[hostCommand][subcmd] = None
				self.completer.commands[hostCommand][subcmd] = structPtr

			#Update the indexOnlyList
			for cmd,data in indexOnlyList.iteritems():
				for subcmd in data:
					self.completer.commands[cmd][subcmd] = topLevelKeys

			#This is for updating the sendCommand key
			structPtr = {}
			for hostIndex,hostData in struct.iteritems():
				host = str(hostIndex)
				structPtr[host] = {}
				if hostData.has_key('deviceList'):
					for device,deviceData in hostData['deviceList'].iteritems():
						structPtr[host][device] = {}
						if deviceData.has_key('services'):
							for service,serviceData in deviceData['services'].iteritems():
								structPtr[host][device][service] = {}
								if serviceData.has_key('actions'):
									for action,actionData in serviceData['actions'].iteritems():
										structPtr[host][device][service][action] = None
			self.completer.commands[hostCommand][sendCommand] = structPtr
		except Exception,e:
			print "Error updating command completer structure; some command completion features might not work..."
		return

			


################## Action Functions ######################
#These functions handle user commands from the shell

#Actively search for UPNP devices
def msearch(argc,argv,hp):
	defaultST = "upnp:rootdevice"
	st = "schemas-upnp-org"
	myip = ''
	lport = hp.port

	if argc >= 3:
		if argc == 4:
			st = argv[1]
			searchType = argv[2]
			searchName = argv[3]
		else:
			searchType = argv[1]
			searchName = argv[2]
		st = "urn:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (st,searchType,searchName,hp.UPNP_VERSION.split('.')[0])
	else:
		st = defaultST

	#Build the request
	request = 	"M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\n"\
			"HOST:%s:%d\r\n"\
			"ST:%s\r\n" % (hp.ip,hp.port,st)
	for header,value in hp.msearchHeaders.iteritems():
			request += header + ':' + value + "\r\n"	
	request += "\r\n" 

	print "Entering discovery mode for '%s', Ctl+C to stop..." % st
	print ''
		
	#Have to create a new socket since replies will be sent directly to our IP, not the multicast IP
	server = hp.createNewListener(myip,lport)
	if server == False:
		print 'Failed to bind port %d' % lport
		return

	hp.send(request,server)
	while True:
		try:
			hp.parseSSDPInfo(hp.listen(1024,server),False,False)
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Discover mode halted...'
			break

#Passively listen for UPNP NOTIFY packets
def pcap(argc,argv,hp):
	print 'Entering passive mode, Ctl+C to stop...'
	print ''
	while True:
		try:
			hp.parseSSDPInfo(hp.listen(1024,False),False,False)
		except Exception, e:
			print "Passive mode halted..."
			break

#Manipulate M-SEARCH header values
def head(argc,argv,hp):
	if argc >= 2:
		action = argv[1]
		#Show current headers
		if action == 'show':
			for header,value in hp.msearchHeaders.iteritems():
				print header,':',value
			return
		#Delete the specified header
		elif action == 'del':
			if argc == 3:
				header = argv[2]
				if hp.msearchHeaders.has_key(header):
					del hp.msearchHeaders[header]
					print '%s removed from header list' % header
					return
				else:
					print '%s is not in the current header list' % header
					return
		#Create/set a headers
		elif action == 'set':
			if argc == 4:
				header = argv[2]
				value = argv[3]
				hp.msearchHeaders[header] = value
				print "Added header: '%s:%s" % (header,value)
				return

	showHelp(argv[0])

#Manipulate application settings
def seti(argc,argv,hp):
	if argc >= 2:
		action = argv[1]
		if action == 'uniq':
			hp.UNIQ = toggleVal(hp.UNIQ)
			print "Show unique hosts set to: %s" % hp.UNIQ
			return
		elif action == 'debug':
			hp.DEBUG = toggleVal(hp.DEBUG)
			print "Debug mode set to: %s" % hp.DEBUG
			return
		elif action == 'verbose':
			hp.VERBOSE = toggleVal(hp.VERBOSE)
			print "Verbose mode set to: %s" % hp.VERBOSE
			return
		elif action == 'version':
			if argc == 3:
				hp.UPNP_VERSION = argv[2]
				print 'UPNP version set to: %s' % hp.UPNP_VERSION
			else:
				showHelp(argv[0])
			return
		elif action == 'iface':
			if argc == 3:
				hp.IFACE = argv[2]
				print 'Interface set to %s, re-binding sockets...' % hp.IFACE
				if hp.initSockets(hp.ip,hp.port,hp.IFACE):
					print 'Interface change successful!'
				else:
					print 'Failed to bind new interface - are you sure you have root privilages??'
					hp.IFACE = None
				return
		elif action == 'socket':
			if argc == 3:
				try:
					(ip,port) = argv[2].split(':')
					port = int(port)
					hp.ip = ip
					hp.port = port
					hp.cleanup()
					if hp.initSockets(ip,port,hp.IFACE) == False:
						print "Setting new socket %s:%d failed!" % (ip,port)
					else:
						print "Using new socket: %s:%d" % (ip,port)
				except Exception, e:
					print 'Caught exception setting new socket:',e	
				return
		elif action == 'show':
			print 'Multicast IP:          ',hp.ip
			print 'Multicast Port:        ',hp.port
			print 'Network Interface:     ',hp.IFACE
			print 'Number of known hosts: ',len(hp.ENUM_HOSTS)
			print 'UPNP Version:          ',hp.UPNP_VERSION
			print 'Debug mode:            ',hp.DEBUG
			print 'Verbose mode:          ',hp.VERBOSE
			print 'Show only unique hosts:',hp.UNIQ
			print 'Using log file:        ',hp.LOG_FILE
			return

	showHelp(argv[0])
	return

#Host command. It's kind of big.
def host(argc,argv,hp):

	indexList = []
	indexError = "Host index out of range. Try the 'host list' command to get a list of known hosts"
	if argc >= 2:
		action = argv[1]
		if action == 'list':
			if len(hp.ENUM_HOSTS) == 0:
				print "No known hosts - try running the 'msearch' or 'pcap' commands"
				return
			for index,hostInfo in hp.ENUM_HOSTS.iteritems():
				print "\t[%d] %s" % (index,hostInfo['name'])
			return
		elif action == 'details':
			hostInfo = False
			if argc == 3:
				try:
					index = int(argv[2])
				except Exception, e:
					print indexError
					return

				if index < 0 or index >= len(hp.ENUM_HOSTS):
					print indexError
					return	
				hostInfo = hp.ENUM_HOSTS[index]

				try:
					#If this host data is already complete, just display it
					if hostInfo['dataComplete'] == True:
						hp.showCompleteHostInfo(index,False)
					else:
						print "Can't show host info because I don't have it. Please run 'host get %d'" % index
				except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
					pass
				return

		elif action == 'summary':
			if argc == 3:
			
				try:
					index = int(argv[2])
					hostInfo = hp.ENUM_HOSTS[index]
				except:
					print indexError
					return

				print 'Host:',hostInfo['name']
				print 'XML File:',hostInfo['xmlFile']
				for deviceName,deviceData in hostInfo['deviceList'].iteritems():
					print deviceName
					for k,v in deviceData.iteritems():
						try:
							v.has_key(False)
						except:
							print "\t%s: %s" % (k,v)
				print ''
				return

		elif action == 'info':
			output = hp.ENUM_HOSTS
			dataStructs = []
			for arg in argv[2:]:
				try:
					arg = int(arg)
				except:
					pass
				output = output[arg]
			try:
				for k,v in output.iteritems():
					try:
						v.has_key(False)
						dataStructs.append(k)
					except:
						print k,':',v
						continue
			except:
				print output

			for struct in dataStructs:
				print struct,': {}'
			return

		elif action == 'get':
			hostInfo = False
			if argc == 3:
				try:
					index = int(argv[2])
				except:
					print indexError
					return
				if index < 0 or index >= len(hp.ENUM_HOSTS):
						print "Host index out of range. Try the 'host list' command to get a list of known hosts"
						return	
				else:
					hostInfo = hp.ENUM_HOSTS[index]

					#If this host data is already complete, just display it
					if hostInfo['dataComplete'] == True:
						print 'Data for this host has already been enumerated!'
						return

					try:
						#Get extended device and service information
						if hostInfo != False:
							print "Requesting device and service info for %s (this could take a few seconds)..." % hostInfo['name']
							print ''
							if hostInfo['dataComplete'] == False:
								(xmlHeaders,xmlData) = hp.getXML(hostInfo['xmlFile'])
								if xmlData == False:
									print 'Failed to request host XML file:',hostInfo['xmlFile']
									return
								if hp.getHostInfo(xmlData,xmlHeaders,index) == False:
									print "Failed to get device/service info for %s..." % hostInfo['name']
									return
							print 'Host data enumeration complete!'
							hp.updateCmdCompleter(hp.ENUM_HOSTS)
							return
					except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
						return

		elif action == 'send':
			#Send SOAP requests
			index = False
			inArgCounter = 0

			if argc != 6:
				showHelp(argv[0])
				return
			else:
				try:
					index = int(argv[2])
				except:
					print indexError
					return
				deviceName = argv[3]
				serviceName = argv[4]
				actionName = argv[5]
				hostInfo = hp.ENUM_HOSTS[index]
				actionArgs = False
				sendArgs = {}
				retTags = []
				controlURL = False
				fullServiceName = False

				#Get the service control URL and full service name
				try:
					controlURL = hostInfo['proto'] + hostInfo['name']
					controlURL2 = hostInfo['deviceList'][deviceName]['services'][serviceName]['controlURL']
					if not controlURL.endswith('/') and not controlURL2.startswith('/'):
						controlURL += '/'
					controlURL += controlURL2
				except Exception,e:
					print 'Caught exception:',e
					print "Are you sure you've run 'host get %d' and specified the correct service name?" % index
					return False

				#Get action info
				try:
					actionArgs = hostInfo['deviceList'][deviceName]['services'][serviceName]['actions'][actionName]['arguments']
					fullServiceName = hostInfo['deviceList'][deviceName]['services'][serviceName]['fullName']
				except Exception,e:
					print 'Caught exception:',e
					print "Are you sure you've specified the correct action?"
					return False

				for argName,argVals in actionArgs.iteritems():
					actionStateVar = argVals['relatedStateVariable']
					stateVar = hostInfo['deviceList'][deviceName]['services'][serviceName]['serviceStateVariables'][actionStateVar]

					if argVals['direction'].lower() == 'in':
						print "Required argument:" 
						print "\tArgument Name: ",argName
						print "\tData Type:     ",stateVar['dataType']
						if stateVar.has_key('allowedValueList'):
							print "\tAllowed Values:",stateVar['allowedValueList']
						if stateVar.has_key('allowedValueRange'):
							print "\tValue Min:     ",stateVar['allowedValueRange'][0]
							print "\tValue Max:     ",stateVar['allowedValueRange'][1]
						if stateVar.has_key('defaultValue'):
							print "\tDefault Value: ",stateVar['defaultValue']
						prompt = "\tSet %s value to: " % argName
						try:
							#Get user input for the argument value
							(argc,argv) = getUserInput(hp,prompt)
							if argv == None:
								print 'Stopping send request...'
								return
							uInput = ''
							
							if argc > 0:
								inArgCounter += 1

							for val in argv:
								uInput += val + ' '
							
							uInput = uInput.strip()
							if stateVar['dataType'] == 'bin.base64' and uInput:
								uInput = base64.encodestring(uInput)
	
							sendArgs[argName] = (uInput.strip(),stateVar['dataType'])
						except KeyboardInterrupt:
							return
						print ''
					else:
						retTags.append((argName,stateVar['dataType']))

				#Remove the above inputs from the command history				
				while inArgCounter:
					readline.remove_history_item(readline.get_current_history_length()-1)
					inArgCounter -= 1

				#print 'Requesting',controlURL
				soapResponse = hp.sendSOAP(hostInfo['name'],fullServiceName,controlURL,actionName,sendArgs)
				if soapResponse != False:
					#It's easier to just parse this ourselves...
					for (tag,dataType) in retTags:
						tagValue = hp.extractSingleTag(soapResponse,tag)
						if dataType == 'bin.base64' and tagValue != None:
							tagValue = base64.decodestring(tagValue)
						print tag,':',tagValue
			return


	showHelp(argv[0])
	return

#Save data
def save(argc,argv,hp):
	suffix = '%s_%s.mir'
	uniqName = ''
	saveType = ''
	fnameIndex = 3

	if argc >= 2:
		if argv[1] == 'help':
			showHelp(argv[0])
			return
		elif argv[1] == 'data':
			saveType = 'struct'
			if argc == 3:
				index = argv[2]
			else:
				index = 'data'
		elif argv[1] == 'info':
			saveType = 'info'
			fnameIndex = 4
			if argc >= 3:
				try:
					index = int(argv[2])
				except Exception, e:
					print 'Host index is not a number!'
					showHelp(argv[0])
					return
			else:
				showHelp(argv[0])
				return

		if argc == fnameIndex:
			uniqName = argv[fnameIndex-1]
		else:
			uniqName = index
	else:
		showHelp(argv[0])
		return

	fileName = suffix % (saveType,uniqName)
	if os.path.exists(fileName):
		print "File '%s' already exists! Please try again..." % fileName
		return
	if saveType == 'struct':
		try:
			fp = open(fileName,'w')
			pickle.dump(hp.ENUM_HOSTS,fp)
			fp.close()
			print "Host data saved to '%s'" % fileName
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Caught exception saving host data:',e
	elif saveType == 'info':
		try:
			fp = open(fileName,'w')
			hp.showCompleteHostInfo(index,fp)
			fp.close()
			print "Host info for '%s' saved to '%s'" % (hp.ENUM_HOSTS[index]['name'],fileName)
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Failed to save host info:',e
			return
	else:
		showHelp(argv[0])
	
	return		

#Load data
def load(argc,argv,hp):
	if argc == 2 and argv[1] != 'help':
		loadFile = argv[1]
	
		try:
			fp = open(loadFile,'r')
			hp.ENUM_HOSTS = {}
			hp.ENUM_HOSTS = pickle.load(fp)
			fp.close()
			hp.updateCmdCompleter(hp.ENUM_HOSTS)
			print 'Host data restored:'
			print ''
			host(2,['host','list'],hp)
			return
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Caught exception while restoring host data:',e

	showHelp(argv[0])

#Open log file
def log(argc,argv,hp):
	if argc == 2:
		logFile = argv[1]
		try:
			fp = open(logFile,'a')
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Failed to open %s for logging: %s' % (logFile,e)
			return
		try:
			hp.LOG_FILE = fp
			ts = []
			for x in time.localtime():
				ts.append(x)
			theTime = "%d-%d-%d, %d:%d:%d" % (ts[0],ts[1],ts[2],ts[3],ts[4],ts[5])
			hp.LOG_FILE.write("\n### Logging started at: %s ###\n" % theTime)
		except Exception, e:
			print "Cannot write to file '%s': %s" % (logFile,e)
			hp.LOG_FILE = False
			return
		print "Commands will be logged to: '%s'" % logFile
		return
	showHelp(argv[0])

#Show help
def help(argc,argv,hp):
	showHelp(False)

#Debug, disabled by default
def debug(argc,argv,hp):
	command = ''
	if hp.DEBUG == False:
		print 'Debug is disabled! To enable, try the seti command...'
		return
	if argc == 1:
		showHelp(argv[0])
	else:
		for cmd in argv[1:]:
			command += cmd + ' '
		command = command.strip()
		print eval(command)
	return
#Quit!
def exit(argc,argv,hp):
	quit(argc,argv,hp)

#Quit!
def quit(argc,argv,hp):
	if argc == 2 and argv[1] == 'help':
		showHelp(argv[0])
		return
	print 'Bye!'
	print ''
	hp.cleanup()
	sys.exit(0)

################ End Action Functions ######################

#Show command help
def showHelp(command):
	#Detailed help info for each command
	helpInfo = {
			'help' : {
					'longListing':
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tLists available commands and command descriptions\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s\n'\
							'\t<command> help',
					'quickView':
						'Show program help'
				},
			'quit' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tQuits the interactive shell\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s',
					'quickView' :
						'Exit this shell'
				},
			'exit' : {

					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tExits the interactive shell\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s',
					'quickView' : 
						'Exit this shell'
				},
			'save' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tSaves current host information to disk.\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s <data | info <host#>> [file prefix]\n'\
							"\tSpecifying 'data' will save the raw host data to a file suitable for importing later via 'load'\n"\
							"\tSpecifying 'info' will save data for the specified host in a human-readable format\n"\
							"\tSpecifying a file prefix will save files in for format of 'struct_[prefix].mir' and info_[prefix].mir\n\n"\
						'Example:\n'\
							'\t> save data wrt54g\n'\
							'\t> save info 0 wrt54g\n\n'\
						'Notes:\n'\
							"\to Data files are saved as 'struct_[prefix].mir'; info files are saved as 'info_[prefix].mir.'\n"\
							"\to If no prefix is specified, the host index number will be used for the prefix.\n"\
							"\to The data saved by the 'save info' command is the same as the output of the 'host details' command.",
					'quickView' :
						'Save current host data to file'
				},
			'seti' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tAllows you  to view and edit application settings.\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s <show | uniq | debug | verbose | version <version #> | iface <interface> | socket <ip:port> >\n'\
							"\t'show' displays the current program settings\n"\
							"\t'uniq' toggles the show-only-uniq-hosts setting when discovering UPNP devices\n"\
							"\t'debug' toggles debug mode\n"\
							"\t'verbose' toggles verbose mode\n"\
							"\t'version' changes the UPNP version used\n"\
							"\t'iface' changes the network interface in use\n"\
							"\t'socket' re-sets the multicast IP address and port number used for UPNP discovery\n\n"\
						'Example:\n'\
							'\t> seti socket 239.255.255.250:1900\n'\
							'\t> seti uniq\n\n'\
						'Notes:\n'\
							"\tIf given no options, 'seti' will display the current application settings",
					'quickView' :
						'Show/define application settings'
				},
			'head' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tAllows you to view, set, add and delete the SSDP header values used in SSDP transactions\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s <show | del <header> | set <header>  <value>>\n'\
							"\t'set' allows you to set SSDP headers used when sending M-SEARCH queries with the 'msearch' command\n"\
							"\t'del' deletes a current header from the list\n"\
							"\t'show' displays all current header info\n\n"\
						'Example:\n'\
							'\t> head show\n'\
							'\t> head set MX 3',
					'quickView' :
						'Show/define SSDP headers'
				},
			'host' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							"\tAllows you to query host information and iteract with a host's actions/services.\n\n"\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s <list | get | info | summary | details | send> [host index #]\n'\
							"\t'list' displays an index of all known UPNP hosts along with their respective index numbers\n"\
							"\t'get' gets detailed information about the specified host\n"\
							"\t'details' gets and displays detailed information about the specified host\n"\
							"\t'summary' displays a short summary describing the specified host\n"\
							"\t'info' allows you to enumerate all elements of the hosts object\n"\
							"\t'send' allows you to send SOAP requests to devices and services *\n\n"\
						'Example:\n'\
							'\t> host list\n'\
							'\t> host get 0\n'\
							'\t> host summary 0\n'\
							'\t> host info 0 deviceList\n'\
							'\t> host send 0 <device name> <service name> <action name>\n\n'\
						'Notes:\n'\
							"\to All host commands support full tab completion of enumerated arguments\n"\
							"\to All host commands EXCEPT for the 'host send', 'host info' and 'host list' commands take only one argument: the host index number.\n"\
							"\to The host index number can be obtained by running 'host list', which takes no futher arguments.\n"\
							"\to The 'host send' command requires that you also specify the host's device name, service name, and action name that you wish to send,\n\t  in that order (see the last example in the Example section of this output). This information can be obtained by viewing the\n\t  'host details' listing, or by querying the host information via the 'host info' command.\n"\
							"\to The 'host info' command allows you to selectively enumerate the host information data structure. All data elements and their\n\t  corresponding values are displayed; a value of '{}' indicates that the element is a sub-structure that can be further enumerated\n\t  (see the 'host info' example in the Example section of this output).",
					'quickView' :
						'View and send host list and host information'
				},
			'pcap' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tPassively listens for SSDP NOTIFY messages from UPNP devices\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s',
					'quickView' :
						'Passively listen for UPNP hosts'
				},
			'msearch' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tActively searches for UPNP hosts using M-SEARCH queries\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							"\t%s [device | service] [<device name> | <service name>]\n"\
							"\tIf no arguments are specified, 'msearch' searches for upnp:rootdevices\n"\
							"\tSpecific device/services types can be searched for using the 'device' or 'service' arguments\n\n"\
						'Example:\n'\
							'\t> msearch\n'\
							'\t> msearch service WANIPConnection\n'\
							'\t> msearch device InternetGatewayDevice',
					'quickView' :
						'Actively locate UPNP hosts'
				},
			'load' : {
					'longListing' :
						'Description:\n'\
							"\tLoads host data from a struct file previously saved with the 'save data' command\n\n"\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s <file name>',
					'quickView' :
						'Restore previous host data from file'
				},
			'log'  : {
					'longListing' : 
						'Description:\n'\
							'\tLogs user-supplied commands to a log file\n\n'\
						'Usage:\n'\
							'\t%s <log file name>',
					'quickView' :
						'Logs user-supplied commands to a log file'
				}
	}

	
	try:
		print helpInfo[command]['longListing'] % command
	except:
		for command,cmdHelp in helpInfo.iteritems():
			print "%s\t\t%s" % (command,cmdHelp['quickView'])

#Display usage
def usage():
	print '''
Command line usage: %s [OPTIONS]
	
	-s <struct file>	Load previous host data from struct file
	-l <log file>		Log user-supplied commands to log file
	-i <interface>		Specify the name of the interface to use (Linux only, requires root)
	-u			Disable show-uniq-hosts-only option
	-d			Enable debug mode
	-v			Enable verbose mode
	-h 			Show help
''' % sys.argv[0]
	sys.exit(1)

#Check command line options
def parseCliOpts(argc,argv,hp):
	try:
		opts,args = getopt.getopt(argv[1:],'s:l:i:udvh')
	except getopt.GetoptError, e:
		print 'Usage Error:',e
		usage()
	else:
		for (opt,arg) in opts:
			if opt == '-s':
				print ''
				load(2,['load',arg],hp)
				print ''
			elif opt == '-l':
				print ''
				log(2,['log',arg],hp)
				print ''
			elif opt == '-u':
				hp.UNIQ = toggleVal(hp.UNIQ)
			elif opt == '-d':
				hp.DEBUG = toggleVal(hp.DEBUG)
				print 'Debug mode enabled!'
			elif opt == '-v':
				hp.VERBOSE = toggleVal(hp.VERBOSE)
				print 'Verbose mode enabled!'
			elif opt == '-h':
				usage()
			elif opt == '-i':
				networkInterfaces = []
				requestedInterface = arg
				interfaceName = None
				found = False

				#Get a list of network interfaces. This only works on unix boxes.
				try:
					if thisSystem() != 'Windows':
						fp = open('/proc/net/dev','r')
						for line in fp.readlines():
							if ':' in line:
								interfaceName = line.split(':')[0].strip()
								if interfaceName == requestedInterface:
									found = True
									break
								else:
									networkInterfaces.append(line.split(':')[0].strip())
						fp.close()
					else:
						networkInterfaces.append('Run ipconfig to get a list of available network interfaces!')
				except Exception,e:
					print 'Error opening file:',e
					print "If you aren't running Linux, this file may not exist!"
					
				if not found and len(networkInterfaces) > 0:
					print "Failed to find interface '%s'; try one of these:\n" % requestedInterface
					for iface in networkInterfaces:
						print iface
					print ''
					sys.exit(1)
				else:
					if not hp.initSockets(False,False,interfaceName):
						print 'Binding to interface %s failed; are you sure you have root privilages??' % interfaceName

#Toggle boolean values
def toggleVal(val):
	if val:
		return False
	else:
		return True

#Prompt for user input
def getUserInput(hp,shellPrompt):
	defaultShellPrompt = 'upnp> '
	if shellPrompt == False:
		shellPrompt = defaultShellPrompt

	try:
		uInput = raw_input(shellPrompt).strip()
		argv = uInput.split()
		argc = len(argv)
	except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
		print '\n'
		if shellPrompt == defaultShellPrompt:
			quit(0,[],hp)
		return (0,None)
	if hp.LOG_FILE != False:
		try:
			hp.LOG_FILE.write("%s\n" % uInput)
		except:
			print 'Failed to log data to log file!'

	return (argc,argv)

#Main
def main(argc,argv):
	#Table of valid commands - all primary commands must have an associated function
	appCommands = {
			'help' : {
				'help' : None
				},
			'quit' : {
				'help' : None
				},
			'exit' : {
				'help' : None
				},
			'save' : {
				'data' : None,
				'info' : None,
				'help' : None
				},
			'load' : {
				'help' : None
				},
			'seti' : {
				'uniq' : None,
				'socket' : None,
				'show' : None,
				'iface' : None,
				'debug' : None,
				'version' : None,
				'verbose' : None,
				'help' : None
				},
			'head' : {
				'set' : None,
				'show' : None,
				'del' : None,
				'help': None
				},
			'host' : {
				'list' : None,
				'info' : None,
				'get'  : None,
				'details' : None,
				'send' : None,
				'summary' : None,
				'help' : None
				},
			'pcap' : {
				'help' : None
				},
			'msearch' : {
				'devi…